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Palatoschisis
Definition
Palatoschisis is congenital abnormalities caused by face developmental
disorders during the sixth and ninth weeks of pregnancy. A palatoschisis happens if
the tissue that makes up the roof of the mouth does not join together completely
during pregnancy. For some babies, both the front and back parts of the palate are
open. For other babies, only part of the palate is open.
Etiologies
The causes of orofacial clefts among most infants are unknown. Some children
have a cleft lip or cleft palate because of changes in their genes. Cleft lip and cleft
palate are thought to be caused by a combination of genes and other factors, such as
things the mother comes in contact with in her environment, or what the mother eats
or drinks, or certain medications she uses during pregnancy.
Research indicates that the genes a child inherits from their parents
occasionally makes them more vulnerable to developing a cleft lip or palate. A
number of genes have been identified that may be responsible. In some cases there is
a family history of clefts, although most children of parents with clefts will not
develop them.
Another potential cause may be related to nutrient deficiency during
pregnancy, chemicals exposure such as teratogenic drugs, and trauma. Cleft lip and
cleft palate may also occur as a result of exposure to viruses while the fetus is
developing in the womb.
Recently, CDC reported on important findings from research studies about
some factors that increase the chance of having a baby with an orofacial cleft:
o Smoking, women who smoke during pregnancy are more likely to have a baby
with an orofacial cleft than women who do not smoke.
o Diabetes, women with diabetes diagnosed before pregnancy have an increased
risk of having child with orofacial cleft, compared to women who did not have
diabetes.
o Use of certain medicines, women who used certain medicines to treat epilepsy,
such as topiramate or valproic acid, during the first trimester of pregnancy
have an increased risk of having baby with orofacial cleft, compared to
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Complications
o Eating problems and high risk of aspiration, with separation or opening in the
palate, food and liquids can pass from the mouth back through the nose.
o Dental problem, children with clefts are more prone to a larger than average