Heaussler 12 Edicion

ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis
89.
f ( x) = x +
= x2 + x
Section 11.3
Principles in Practice 11.3
12
1. Here
1 32
1
1
x 1
=
x =
2
2 x 2x x 2x x
x 1
x 1
f ( x) =
=0.
Thus
2x x
2x x 2x x
1
x
2
x 1
f ( x) =
12
dP
= 5 and p = 25.5 25 = 0.5.
dp
dP
p = 5(0.5) = 2.5
dp
The profit increases by 2.5 units when the price
is changed from 25 to 25.5 per unit.
P
90. z = (1 + b) w p bwc
dw p
dz
= (1 + b)
b
dwc
dwc
Rewriting the right side and factoring out 1 + b
dw p b(1 + b)
dz
,
gives
= (1 + b)
1+ b
dwc
dwc
2.
dy d
=
16t 16t 2 = 16 16(2t ) = 16 32t
dt dt
dy
= 16 32(0.5) = 16 16 = 0
dt t =0.5
The graph of y(t) is shown.
5
dw p
dz
b
= (1 + b)
.
dwc
dwc 1 + b
91. y = x3 3x
y ( x ) = 3x 2 3
( )3 = 9
y x =2 = 3 2
When t = 0.5, the object is at the peak of its

flight.
The tangent line at (2, 2) is given by

y 2 = 9(x 2), or y = 9x 16.
3. V (r ) =
( )
4
3r 2 + 4(2r ) = 4r 2 + 8r
3
When r = 2, V (r ) = 4(2) 2 + 8(2) = 32 and

4
32
80
(2)3 + 4(2)2 =
+ 16 = .
3
3
3
The relative rate of change of the volume when
V (2) 32 6
=
= = 1.2 . Multiplying 1.2
r = 2 is
V (2) 80 5
V (r ) =
5
2
92. y = 3 x = x1/ 3
by 100 gives the percentage rate of change:

(1.2)(100) = 120%.
1 2 / 3
1
x
=
3 2
3
3 x
1
y x =8 =
12
The tangent line at (8, 2) is given by
1
4
1
y + 2 = ( x + 8), or y = x .
12
3
12
y ( x ) =
Problems 11.3
1. s = f (t ) = 2t 2 + 3t
If t = 1, then over [1, 2] we have
s f (2) f (1) 14 5
=
=
= 9.
2 1
1
t
If t = 0.5, then over [1, 1.5] we have
s f (1.5) f (1) 9 5
=
=
= 8.
1.5 1
0.5
t
Continuing this way, we obtain the following
table:
1
15
389
Chapter 11: Differentiation
t
s
t
0.5
0.2
7.4
0.1
7.2
0.01
0.001
7.02
7.002
We estimate the velocity when t = 1 to be 7 m/s. With differentiation we get v =

ds
= 4(1) + 3 = 7 m/s.
dt t =1
2. y = f ( x) = 2 x + 5 .
If x = 1, then over [3, 4] we have
y f (4) f (3)
13 11
=
=
0.2889
x
x
1
If x = 0.5, then over [3, 3.5] we have
y f (3.5) f (3)
12 11
=
=
0.2950
x
x
0.5
Continuing in this way we obtain the following table:
x
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.01
0.001
y
x
0.2889
0.2950
0.2988
0.3002
0.3014
0.3015
We estimate the rate of change to be 0.3015.

1
0.3015.
Note: The actual rate of change is
11
3. s = f (t ) = 2t 2 4t
a.
When t = 7, then s = 2(7 2 ) 4(7) = 70 m.
b.
s f (7.5) f (7) [2(7.5)2 4(7.5)] 70

=
=
= 25 m/s
t
0.5
0.5
c.
v=
ds
= 4t 4. If t = 7, then v = 4(7) 4 = 24 m/s
dt
1
4. s = f (t ) = t + 1
2
a.
When t = 2, s =
1
(2) + 1 = 2 m.
2
b.
1
s f (2.1) f (1) 2 (2.1) + 1 2
=
=
= 0.5 m/s
0.1
0.1
t
c.
v=
ds 1
1
= . If t = 2, then v = m/s
dt 2
2
390
ds
= 4t + 3,
dt
Section 11.3
5. s = f (t ) = 2t 3 + 6
a.
b.
c.
b.
When t = 1, s = 2(1)3 + 6 = 8 m.
s f (1.02) f (1)
=
t
0.02
2(1.02)3 + 6 8
=
0.02
= 6.1208 m/s
v=
c.
ds
= 6t 2 . If t = 1, then
dt
9.
v = 6(1)2 = 6 m/s
6. s = f (t ) = 3t 2 + 2t + 1
a.
b.
c.
( )
When t = 1, s = 3 12 + 2(1) + 1 = 0 m.
s f (1.25) f (1)
=
t
0.25
3(1.25) 2 + 2(1.25) + 1 0
=
= 4.75 m/s
0.25
v=
b.
c.
7/2
1
4
ds
7
= 12t 3 t 5 / 2 . If t = 0, then
dt
2
7
v = 12(0)3 (0)5 / 2 = 0 m/s.
2
v=
dy 25 32
dy 25
=
(27) = 337.50 .
=
x . If x = 9,
dx 2
dx 2
dT
= 0 + 0.27(1 0) = 0.27
dTe
12.
dV
= 4r 2
dr
13. c = 500 + 10q,
dc
= 10 . When q = 100,
dq
dc
= 10 .
dq
s f (2.1) f (2)
=
t
0.1
(2.1)4 2(2.1)3 + 2.1 2
=
= 10.261 m/s
0.1
14. c = 5000 + 6q,
15.
ds
= 4t 3 6t 2 + 1. If t = 2, then
dt
dc
dc
= 6 . When q = 36,
=6.
dq
dq
dc
= 0.1(2q ) + 3 = 0.2q + 3 . When q = 5,
dq
dc
= 0.2(5) + 3 = 4.
dq
( ) ( )
v = 4 23 6 22 + 1 = 9 m/s
a.
1
m/s
64
( 14 ) ( 14 )
11.
( )
8. s = f (t ) = 3t t
1
4
3
=
dA
dA
= 2r . If r = 3,
= 2(3) = 6 .
dr
dr
ds
= 6t + 2. If t = 1, v = 4 m/s
dt
f (0)
10.
When t = 2, s = 24 2 23 + 2 = 2 m.
v=
( )
1
4
When r = 6.3 104 ,

dV
= 4[6.3 104 ]2 = 158.76108
dr
4.988 106.
7. s = f (t ) = t 4 2t 3 + t
a.
s
=
t
16.
7/2
When t = 0, s = 3 04 = 07 / 2 = 0.
17.
391
dc
dc
= 0.2q + 3 . When q = 3,
= 3.6 .
dq
dq
dc
= 2q + 50 . Evaluating when q = 15, 16 and
dq
17 gives 80, 82 and 84, respectively.
18.
1
1
24. r = q 15 q = 15q q 2
30
30
dr
1
= 15 q
dq
15
dc
= 0.12q 2 q + 4.4
dq
Evaluating when q = 5, 25, and 1000 gives 2.4,
54.4 and 119,004.4, respectively.
19. c = 0.01q + 5 +
500
q
For q = 5,
c = cq = 0.01q 2 + 5q + 500
q = 150,
dc
= 0.02q + 5
dq
dr
= 250 + 90q 3q 2 . Evaluating when
dq
q = 5, 10 and 25 gives 625, 850 and 625,
respectively.
dc
=7
dq q =100
26. r = 60q 0.2q 2
1000
20. c = 2 +
q
c = cq = 2q + 1000
dr
= 60 0.4q
dq
Evaluating when q = 10 and 20 gives 56 and 52,
respectively.
dc
= 2 for all q
dq
3
27.
21. c = cq = 0.00002q 0.01q + 6q + 20, 000

dc
= 0.00006q 2 0.02q + 6
dq
dc
= 6.750 0.000328(2q) = 6.750 0.000656q
dq
dc
= 6.750 0.000656(2000) = 5.438
dq q = 2000
c 10, 484.69
c= =
+ 6.750 0.000328q
q
q
dc
= 4.6 . If q = 500, then
dq
dc
= 11 .
dq
10, 484.69
+ 6.750 0.000328(2000)
2000
= 0.851655
c (2000) =
22. c = cq = 0.002q3 0.5q 2 + 60q + 7000

28.
dc
= 0.006q 2 q + 60
dq
If q = 15, then
dr
=5.
dq
25. r = 250q + 45q 2 q3
dc
=6
dq q =50
If q = 100, then
dr 44
dr
=
; for q =15,
= 14 ; for
dq 3
dq
dc
= 0.79 + 0.04284q 0.0003q 2
dq
dc
= 0.7388
dq q =70
dc
= 46.35. If q = 25, then
dq
dc
= 38.75.
dq
29. PR 0.93 = 5, 000, 000

P = 5, 000, 000 R 0.93
dP
= 4, 650, 000 R 1.93
dR
23. r = 0.8q
dr
= 0.8 for all q.
dq
30.
392
dv
= 10,500 for all t.
dt
31. a.
Section 11.3
e.
dy
= 1.5 x
dx
dy
= 1.5 6 = 7.5
dx x =6
36. a.
b. Setting 1.5 x = 6 gives x = 4.5.

32. c = f (q ) = 0.4q 2 + 4q + 5
dc
= 0.8q + 4
dq
If q = 2, then
dc
= 5.6 . Over the interval [2, 3],
dq
c f (3) f (2) 20.6 14.6

=
=
=6.
q
3 2
1
33. a.
b.
y
1
=
y x+4
c.
y (5) = 1
d.
1
1
= 0.111
5+ 4 9
e.
11.1%
34. a.
9 x 2
y
=
y 5 3x3
c.
y (1) = 9
d.
9
9
= = 4.5
53
2
e.
450%
y = 3 x 2
b.
y 3 x 2
=
y 8 x3
c.
y (1) = 3
d.
3
3
= 0.429
8 1
7
e.
42.9%
38. a.
y = 3
y = 9 x 2
b.
37. a.
y = 1
63.2%
y = 2 x + 3
b.
y
2x + 3
=
y x2 + 3x 4
c.
y (1) = 2(1) + 3 = 1
d.
1
1
= 0.167
1 3 4
6
e.
16.7%
b.
y
3
3
=
=
y 7 3x 3x 7
c.
y (6) = 3
d.
3
3
= 0.2727
3(6) 7 11
e.
27.27%
39. c = 0.3q 2 + 3.5q + 9
35. a.
y = 6 x
dc
= 0.6q + 3.5
dq
b.
y
6x
=
y 3x 2 + 7
dc
= 0.6(10) + 3.5 = 9.5. If
dq
q = 10, then c = 74 and
c.
y (2) = 6(2) = 12
d.
12
12
=
0.632
12 + 7 19
If q = 10, then
dc
dq
393
(100) =
9.5
(100) 12.8% .
74
40. y =
100
= 100 x 1
x
dy
100
= 100 x 2 =
dx
x2
dy
100
y
1
=
= 1 and (100) = (100) = 10% .
If x = 10,
dx
100
y
10
41. a.
dr
= 30 0.6q
dq
b. If q = 10,
c.
42. a.
9%
dq
= 10 0.4q
dr
b. If q = 25,
c.
43.
r
30 6
24
4
=
=
=
0.09 .
r 300 30 270 45
r
10 0.4(25)
=
= 0.
r 10(25) 0.2(25) 2
0%
W 0.864t 0.568 0.432

=
=
W
t
2t 0.432
1.3 I 0.3
44. a.
R1 1855.24 1.3
= 1.3 =
I
R1
I
1855.24
1.3 I 0.3
R2 1101.29 1.3
= 1.3 =
I
R2
I
1101.29
b. They are equal.

c.
f x nC1 x n 1 n
=
=
f ( x)
x
C1 x n
g ( x ) nC2 x n 1 n
=
=
g ( x)
x
C2 x n
The rates are equal.
45. The cost of q = 20 bikes is qc = 20(150) = $3000 . The marginal cost, $125, is the approximate cost of one
additional bike. Thus the approximate cost of producing 21 bikes is $3000 + $125 = $3125.
394
Section 11.4
dc
dq
dc
1 dq 1
dc c
= = c , and the marginal cost
46. The relative rate of change of c is
, which is given to be :
= . Thus
c
dq q
q c q
dc
function and the average cost function (c ) are equal.
dq
47. $5.07 per unit

48. 11,275 people per year
1.
dR
d
d
= (2 0.15 x) (225 + 20 x) + (225 + 20 x) (2 0.15 x)
dx
dx
dx
= (2 0.15x)(20) + (225 + 20x)(0.15)
= 40 3x 33.75 3x = 6.25 6x
dR
= 6.25 6 x
dx
1
2. T ( x) = x 2 x3
3
T ( x ) = 2x x 2
When the dosage is 1 milligram the sensitivity is T (1) = 2(1) 12 = 1 .

Problems 11.4
1.
f ( x) = (4 x + 1)(6) + (6 x + 3)(4) = 24x + 6 + 24x + 12 = 48x + 18 = 6(8x + 3)
2.
f ( x) = (3x 1)(7) + (7 x + 2)(3) = 42 x 1
3. s (t ) = (5 3t )(3t 2 4t ) + (t 3 2t 2 )(3) = 15t 2 20t 9t 3 + 12t 2 3t 3 + 6t 2 = 12t 3 + 33t 2 20t

4. Q( x) = (3 + x)(10 x) + (5 x 2 2)(1) = 15 x 2 + 30 x 2
5.
f (r ) = 3r 2 4 (2r 5) + r 2 5r + 1 (6r ) = 6r 3 15r 2 8r + 20 + 6r 3 30r 2 + 6r = 12r 3 45r 2 2r + 20
6. C ( I ) = 2 I 2 3 (6 I 4) + 3I 2 4 I + 1 (4 I ) = 12 I 3 8I 2 18I + 12 + 12 I 3 16 I 2 + 4 I = 2 12 I 3 12 I 2 7 I + 6
7. Without the product rule we have
f ( x) = x 2 2 x 2 5 = 2 x 4 5 x 2
f ( x) = 8 x3 10 x
8. Without the product rule we have
f ( x ) = 3 x3 x 2 2 x + 2 = 3 x5 6 x 4 + 6 x3
f ( x) = 15 x 4 24 x3 + 18 x 2
395
9. y = x 2 + 3x 2 (4 x 1) + 2 x 2 x 3 (2 x + 3)
) (
= 4 x3 + 12 x 2 8 x x 2 3x + 2 + 4 x3 2 x 2 6 x + 6 x 2 3x 9
= 8 x3 + 15 x 2 20 x 7
10. ( x) = (3 5 x + 2 x 2 )(1 8 x) + (2 + x 4 x 2 )(5 + 4 x)

= 3 5 x + 2 x 2 24 x + 40 x 2 16 x3 10 5 x + 20 x 2 + 8 x + 4 x 2 16 x3
= 32 x3 + 66 x 2 26 x 7
11.
f ( w) = ( w2 + 3w 7)(6 w2 ) + (2 w3 4)(2w + 3)
= 6 w4 + 18w3 42 w2 + 4 w4 + 6 w3 8w 12
= 10w4 + 24w3 42 w2 8w 12
12.
f ( x) = 3 x x 2 (1 2 x) + 3 x x 2 (3 2 x)
= 3 x 5 x 2 + 2 x3 + 9 3x 3 x 2 6 x + 2 x 2 + 2 x3
= 4 x3 6 x 2 12 x + 9
)(
) (
13. y = x 2 1 9 x 2 6 + 3 x3 6 x + 5 (2 x) 4(8 x + 2)
= 9 x 4 15 x 2 + 6 + 6 x 4 12 x 2 + 10 x 32 x 8
= 15 x 4 27 x 2 22 x 2
( ) (
14. h( x) = 4 5 x 4 + 3 8 x 2 5 (2) + (2 x + 2)(16 x)
= 20 x 4 + 3(16 x 2 10 + 32 x 2 + 32 x)
= 20 x 4 + 144 x 2 + 96 x 30
3 1/ 2
1
(5 p 2)(3) + (3 p 1) 5 p 1/ 2
2
2
3
15
5
= 15 p1/ 2 6 + p1/ 2 p 1/ 2
2
2
2
3
1/ 2
1/ 2
= [45 p 12 5 p
]
4
15. F ( p ) =
3
1
16. g ( x) = ( x1/ 2 + 5 x 2) x 2 / 3 x 1/ 2 + ( x1/ 3 3 x1/ 2 ) x 1/ 2 + 5

2
3
1 1/ 6 5 1/ 3 2 2 / 3 3 15 1/ 2
1
3
= x
+ x x
x + 3 x 1/ 2 + x 1/ 6 + 5 x1/ 3 15 x1/ 2
3
3
3
2 2
2
2
1
1/ 6
1/ 2
2 / 3
1/ 2
1/ 3
= (135 x + 40 x + 5 x
+ 18 x
4x
18)
6
17. y = 7
2
is a constant function, so y = 0 .
3
18. y = x3 6 x 2 + 11x 6
y = 3x 2 12 x + 11
396
Section 11.4
19. y = 6 x3 + 47 x 2 + 31x 28
y = 18 x 2 + 94 x + 31
20.
21.
dy (4 x + 1)(2) (2 x 3)(4) 8 x + 2 8 x + 12
=
=
dx
(4 x + 1)2
(4 x + 1)2
14
=
(4 x + 1)2
( x 1)(5) (5 x)(1)
f ( x) =
=
( x 1)
5x 5 5x
( x 1)2
5
( x 1)2
(5 x)(5) (5 x)(1)
22. H ( x) =
(5 x)2
25 + 5 x 5 x
25
=
=
2
(5 x)
(5 x) 2
23.
24.
13
f ( x) =
13 5
x
3
3x
13
65
f ( x ) = (5 x 6 ) =
3
3x6
5 2
x 2
7
5
10
f ( x) = (2 x) = x
7
7
f ( x) =
25. y =
=
( x 1)(1) ( x + 2)(1)
( x 1)2
x 1 x 2
( x 1)2
3
( x 1)2
26. h( w) =
=
=
( w 3)(6w + 5) 3w2 + 5w 1 (1)

( w 3)2
6w2 13w 15 3w2 5w + 1

( w 3) 2
3w2 18w 14
( w 3)2
397
27.
z 2 4 ) (2) (6 2 z )(2 z )
(
h( z ) =
2
( z2 4)
=
2 z 2 + 8 12 z + 4 z 2
( z2 4)
2 ( z2 6z + 4)
=
2
( z2 4)
2 z 2 12 z + 8
( z2 4)
(3 x 2 + 5 x + 3)(4 x + 5) (2 x 2 + 5 x 2)(6 x + 5)
28. z =
=
(3x 2 + 5 x + 3) 2
12 x3 + 35 x 2 + 37 x + 15 (12 x3 + 40 x 2 + 13x 10)
(3x 2 + 5 x + 3)2
2
5 x + 24 x + 25
(3x 2 + 5 x + 3) 2
( x2 5x ) (16 x 2) (8x2 2x + 1) (2 x 5)
2
( x2 5x )
16 x3 82 x 2 + 10 x (16 x3 44 x 2 + 12 x 5 ) 38 x 2 2 x + 5
=
=
2
2
2
x
5
x
(
)
( x2 5x )
29. y =
30.
x 2 + 1)( 3x 2 2 x ) ( x3 x 2 + 1) (2 x)
(
f ( x) =
2
( x2 + 1)
=
31.
3 x 4 2 x3 + 3 x 2 2 x 2 x 4 + 2 x3 2 x
x x3 + 3 x 4
( x2 + 1)
( x 2 + 1) 2
2 x 2 3 x + 2 ) (2 x 4) ( x 2 4 x + 3) (4 x 3)
(
y =
2
( 2 x 2 3x + 2 )
4 x3 14 x 2 + 16 x 8 ( 4 x3 19 x 2 + 24 x 9 )
=
2
( 2 x 2 3x + 2 )
=
5x2 8x + 1
( 2 x 2 3x + 2 )
398
Section 11.4
32. The quotient rule can be used, or we can write

z4 + 4 1 3
= z + 4 z 1 ,
F ( z) =
3z
3
so F ( z ) =
33.
38.
1
3z 4 4
3 z 2 4 z 2 =
.
3
3z 2
x100 + 7 ) (0) (1) (100 x99 )

(
100 x99
g ( x) =
=
2
2
( x100 + 7 )
( x100 + 7 )
9
= x 5
5
2
2x
45 6
y =
x
2
34. y =
35. u (v) =
41. y =
3x2 x 1
1
5
3
x+5
=
3
16 x 2
2
3
= 3x x x
13
x3
2
2 13 1 43
2
1
x + x = 5x 3 1 + 4
3
3
3x 3 3x 3
15 x 2 2 x + 1
3x
(3 x 5)(5) (5 x + 1)(3)
(3 x 5)2
28
(3 x 5)
+ 6 x 4
+ 6 x 4
[( x + 2)( x 4)](1) ( x 5)(2 x 2)

[( x + 2)( x 4)]2
[( x + 2)( x 4)]
x 2 10 x + 18
[( x + 2)( x 4)]2
(9 x 1)(3 x + 2) 27 x 2 + 15 x 2
=
4 5x
4 5x
(4 5 x)(54 x + 15) 27 x 2 + 15 x 2 (5)

(4 5 x)
270 x 2 + 141x + 60 + 135 x 2 + 75 x 10
399
(3 x + 1)2
y =
=
(3x + 1)(2) (2 x)(3)
42. y =
4
3
x 2 2 x 8 2 x 2 12 x + 10
y = 5 x 3
=
( x 8)(0) (4)(1)
= 6 x2
1 1
1
= x 2 5x 2
8 x 8
x0.7 2 x 2.1 + 1
40. q ( x) = 6 x 2 +
x5
0.3 1 + 28 x1.8 12 x 2.1
2(v3 + 4)
=
v2
1 1 1 5 3 1 1
5
y = x 2 + x 2 = 1 + 3
8 2
2
16 x 2 x 2
37. y =
(2 x 2.1 + 1) 2
( x 8)
4
2
=
+
2
( x 8)
(3 x + 1) 2
v3 8 v3 8
=
= v 2 8v 1
v
v v
3x 2 x 1
0.6 x1.4 + 0.3x 0.7 4.2 x1.4 + 8.4 x1.1
39. y =
u(v) = 2v + 8v 2 = 2 v +
v2
36. y =
2 x 2.1 + 1)( 0.3 x 0.7 ) ( x 0.3 2 )( 4.2 x1.1 )

(
y =
2
( 2x2.1 + 1)
(4 5 x) 2
135 x 216 x 50
(4 5 x)2
)(
)(
t 2 1 t 3 + 7 (2t + 3) t 2 + 3t 5t 4 3t 2 + 14t
43. s(t ) =
2
t 2 1 t3 + 7
44.
)(
3t 6 12t 5 + t 4 + 6t 3 21t 2 14t 21
)(
t 2 1 t3 + 7
17
f ( s) =
5s 10 s 2 + 4s
0 17 15s 2 20s + 4
17 15s 2 20s + 4
=
f ( s ) =
2
2
5s3 10s 2 + 4 s
5s3 10s 2 + 4 s
45. y = 3x
2
x
2( x 1) 3 x
x ( x 1)
x31
= 3x
x2
x2
x+2
x+2
= 3x +
= 3x +
3
x( x 1)( x 2)
x 3x2 + 2 x
y = 3 +
= 3
( x3 3 x 2 + 2 x)(1) ( x + 2)(3 x 2 6 x + 2)
[ x( x 1)( x 2)]2
2 x3 + 3 x 2 12 x + 4
[ x( x 1)( x 2)]2
46. y = 3 12 x +
y = 36 x 2 +
47.
f ( x ) =
1 25
x +2
x2 + 5
= 3 12 x +
x 2 + 2 5
x2 + 2
2
x +5
= 3 12 x3 +
( x 4 + 7 x 2 + 10)(2 x) ( x 2 3)(4 x3 + 14 x)
( x 4 + 7 x 2 + 10) 2
(a x)(1) (a + x)(1)
(a x)
x2 3
x 4 + 7 x 2 + 10
= 36 x 2 +
2a
(a x)2
x 1 + a 1 ax a + x
=
x 1 a 1 ax a x
(a x)(1) (a + x)(1)
2a
f ( x ) =
=
2
(a x)
(a x)2
48. Simplifying, f ( x) =
(
)(
)
y = ( 4 x 2 + 2 x 5 )( 3 x 2 + 7 ) + ( x3 + 7 x + 4 ) (8 x + 2)
49. y = 4 x 2 + 2 x 5 x3 + 7 x + 4
y(1) = (3)(10) + (4)(6) = 6
400
2 x5 + 12 x3 + 62 x
[( x 2 + 2)( x 2 + 5)]2
50. y =
y =
x3
x4 + 1
( x 4 + 1)(3 x 2 ) ( x3 )(4 x3 )
( x 4 + 1)2
y(1) =
51. y =
y =
Section 11.4
(2)(3) (1)(4)
(2)
6
x 1
( x 1)(0) (6)(1)
( x 1)
y(3) =
6
2
1
2
( x 1) 2
3
2
3
3
15
The tangent line is y 3 = ( x 3) , or y = x + .
2
2
2
52. y =
x+5
x2
= x 1 + 5 x 2
y = x 2 10 x 3 =
y (1) = 1 10 = 11
1
x
10
x3
The tangent line is y 6 = 11(x 1) or y = 11x + 17.
(
)
y = (2 x + 3) 2 ( 4 x3 10 x ) + 2 ( x 4 5 x 2 + 4 ) (2)
53. y = (2 x + 3) 2 x 4 5 x 2 + 4
y(0) = (3)(0) + [2(4)](2) = 16

The tangent line is y 24 = 16(x 0), or y = 16x + 24.
54. y =
x +1
2
x ( x 4)
x +1
3
x 4 x2
x3 4 x 2 ) (1) ( x + 1) ( 3 x 2 8 x )
(
y =
2
( x3 4 x 2 )
y(2) =
(8)(1) (3)(4)
(8)
The tangent line is y +
4
1
=
64 16
3 1
1
1
= ( x 2) , or y = x .
8 16
16
2
401
55. y =
y =
x
2x 6
(2 x 6)(1) x(2)
(2 x 6)
500
q
r = pq = 500
60. p =
=
6
(2 x 6) 2
dr
=0
dq
1
1
If x = 1, then y =
= and
26
4
6
6
3
y =
=
= .
8
(4)2 16
61. p =
3
y 8 3
Thus
=
= = 1.5 .
y 1 2
4
56. y =
y =
r = pq =
1 x
1+ x
(1 + x)(1) (1 x)(1)
(1 + x) 2
v=
=
=
t +1
58. s =
v=
6
= 1.5 m/s.
4
ds (t 2 + 7)(1) (t + 3)(2t )
=
dt
(t 2 + 7) 2
2
(t + 7)
(7 + t )(1 t )
2
(t + 7)
q 2 + 750q
q + 50
2
dr (q + 50)(2q + 750) q + 750q (1)
=
dq
(q + 50)2
q 2 + 100q + 37,500
(q + 50)2
63.
dC
= 0.672
dI
64.
dC
= 0.712
dI
t2 + 7
7 6t t 2
q + 750
q + 50
r = pq =
t +3
(q + 2)2
62. p =
ds (t 3 + 1)(0) 2(3t 2 )
6t 2
=
=
dt
(t 3 + 1)2
(t 3 + 1)2
If t = 1, then v =
216
(1 + x )2
. When t = 1, then s = 1 m.
108q
3q
q+2
dr (q + 2)(108) (108q)(1)
=
3
dq
(q + 2) 2
1
y 18 1
When x = 5, then
.
=
=
y 2 12
3
57. s =
108
3
q+2
65. C = 3 + I 1/ 2 + 2 I 1/ 3
dC
1
2
1
2
= 0 + I 1/ 2 + I 2 / 3 =
+
dI
2
3
2 I 33 I 2
dC 1 2 7
= + = .
When I = 1, then
dI 2 3 6
dS
dC
1
2
= 1
= 1
dI
dI
2 I 33 I 2
v = 0 when t = 7 or t = 1. Since t is positive, we

choose t = 1.
59. p = 50 0.01q
r = pq = 50q 0.01q 2
dr
= 50 0.02q
dq
When I = 1, then 1
402
dC
7
1
= 1 = .
dI
6
6
66.
Section 11.4
dC 3
1
=
dI 4 6 I
dC
43
dS
43 17
=
, so
= 1
=
dI I = 25 60
dI I = 25
60 60
dC
67.
=
dI
I +4
( )
) ( 8I + 1.2
I 0.2 16 I + 0.8 I 3 0.2 I 1
2 I
I +4
dS
dC
0.615 , so
1 0.615 = 0.385 when I = 36.
dI
dI I =36
dC
68.
=
dI
I +5
) ( 10I + 0.75
( )
I 0.4 20 I + 0.5 I 3 0.4 I 1
2 I
I +5
dS
dC
0.393 , so
1 0.393 = 0.607 when I = 100.
dI
dI I =100
1
69. Simplifying gives C = 10 + 0.7 I 0.2 I 2

a.
b.
dC
0.1
1
= 0.7 0.1I 2 = 0.7
dI
I
dS
dC
0.1
= 1
= 0.3 +
dI
dI
I
dS
0.1
= 0.3 +
= 0.32
dI I = 25
5
dC
dI
when I = 25 is
0.7 0.1
5
10 + 0.7(25) 0.2(5)
70. Simplifying S gives

S=
I 2 I 8
I +2
)(
I 4
)=
I 4
I +2
I +2
dS 1 1/ 2
1
Thus
.
= I
=
dI 2
2 I
dS
1
dC
=
0.04082 and
1 0.04082 0.9592.
dI I =150 2 150
dI I =150
71.
0.026
dc
(q + 2)(2q ) q 2 (1)
q 2 + 4q 6q(q + 4)
= 6
= 6
=
dq
(q + 2) 2
(q + 2) 2
(q + 2) 2
403
dc
dc
d c q dq c (1)
d
=
72. We assume that
(c ) = 0 . Thus 0 =
.
=
dq dq q
dq
q2
This implies that q
dc
dc
dc c
c = 0 , q
= = c , so the marginal cost function
=c,
dq
dq
dq q
cost function ( c ) are equal.
dc
and the average
dq
900 x
10 + 45 x
dy (10 + 45 x)(900) (900 x)(45)
=
dx
(10 + 45 x )2
73. y =
dy
(100)(900) (1800)(45) 9
=
=
dx x = 2
10
(100)2
0.05V
A + xV
d
( A + xV )(0.05) (0.05V )( x)
(RT) =
dV
( A + xV ) 2
74. RT =
0.05 A
( A + xV ) 2
Both numerator and denominator are always positive, so

increases by one unit, RT increases.
0.7355 x
1 + 0.02744 x
dy (1 + 0.02744 x)(0.7355) (0.7355 x)(0.02744)
=
dx
(1 + 0.02744 x )2
75. y =
76.
0.7355
(1 + 0.02744 x)2
a (1 + x) b(2 + n) x
a (2 + n)(1 + x ) b(2 + n) x
For convenience let c = 2 + n.
a (1 + x) bcx 1 a (1 + x) bcx
=
.
Then f ( x) =
ac(1 + x) bcx c a(1 + x) bx
f ( x) =
1 [a (1 + x) bx](a bc) [a (1 + x) bcx](a b)

f ( x) =
c
[a (1 + x) bx]2
1
1
(c + 1)ab
abc + ab
=
=
c [a (1 + x) bx]2 c [a(1 + x) bx]2
=
1 [1(2 + n) + 1]ab
(1 + n)ab
=
2
2 + n [a(1 + x) bx]
[a(1 + x) bx]2 (2 + n)
g ( x) =
A + Bx
C + Dx
404
d
(RT) > 0 . This rate of change means that if V
dV
g ( x) =
=
=
Section 11.5
(C + Dx )( B ) ( A + Bx)( D)
(C + Dx) 2
CB + BDx + AD BDx
(C + Dx)2
BC AD
(C + Dx )2
Thus, g ( x) has the form given. When g ( x) is defined for x , its sign is constant.
D
dc
d c
77.
=
=
dq dq q
78.
dc c(1)
q dq
. When q = 20 we have
dc
dq
dc c
q dq
q2
20(125) 20(150)
(20)2
150
1
120
dy
= (3)(2 x 1)( x 4) + (3 x + 1)(2)( x 4) + (3 x + 1)(2 x 1)(1)
dx
= 18 x 2 50 x + 3

1. By the chain rule,
dy dy dx d
d
=
=
4 x 2 (6t ) = (8 x)(6) = 48 x .
dt dx dt dx
dt
dy
Since x = 6t,
= 48(6t ) = 288t .
dt
( )
Problems 11.5
1.
dy dy du
=
= (2u 2)(2 x 1) = 2 x 2 x 2 (2 x 1) = 2 x 2 2 x 2 (2 x 1) = 4 x3 6 x 2 2 x + 2
dx du dx
2.
dy dy du
=
= 6u 2 8 7 3x 2 = 2 3x6 42 x 4 + 147 x 2 4 7 3 x 2
dx du dx
3.
dy dy dw 2
2
2
=
=
(1) = 3 =
3
dx dw dx w
w
(2 x)3
4.
5.
)(
) (
)(
dy dy dz 1 3 / 4 4
5 x 4 4 x3
=
= z
(5 x 4 x3 ) =
dx dz dx 4
4 4 ( x5 x 4 + 3)3
(t + 1) (t 1)
dw dw du
2
1 1
dw
2
2
= 0, so
= 3(0) 2 = 0 .
=
= (3u 2 )
= 3u
. If t = 1, then u =
2
2
dt du dt
+
1
1
dt
4
t =1
(t + 1)
(t + 1)
405
6.
dz dz du
1
=
= 2u +
(4 s ) . If s = 1, then
ds du ds
2 u
dz
5
u = 1, so
= (4) = 10
ds s =1 2
14.
= 3 x 2 2
= 4(2 x + 1)( x 2 + x)3
)(
52
d 3
x 8x2 + x
dx
1
2
1
1
(10 x 1) 5 x 2 x 2
2
1
1
5 x 2 x 2 (10 x 1)
2
20. y = 3x 2 7 = 3 x 2 7
y =
(
) (3x 16 x + 1)
99
= 200 ( 3 x 2 16 x + 1)( x3 8 x 2 + x )
= 200 x 8 x + x
99
52
d 2
( x + x)
dx
= 4( x 2 + x)3 (2 x + 1)
) ( 7 4 x3 )
19. y = 5 x 2 x = 5 x 2 x
12. y = 4( x 2 + x)3
= 6 7 4 x3 7 x x 4
y =
d 2
x 2
dx
(2 x) = 6 x x 2 2
= 30 x 2 (3 + 2 x3 )
99
3
18. y = 4 7 x x 4
2
d
(3 + 2 x3 )
dx
= 5(3 + 2 x3 ) 4 (6 x 2 )
d
(2 x3 8 x)
dx
= 12(6 x 2 8)(2 x3 8 x) 13
11. y = 5(3 + 2 x3 ) 4
d
5
17. y = 2 ( x 2 + 5 x 2)12 / 7 ( x 2 + 5 x 2)
dx
7
10
2
12 / 7
= (2 x + 5)( x + 5 x 2)
7
= 4 x 4 (2 x) = 8 x x 4
13. y = 2 100 x3 8 x 2 + x
16. y = 12(2 x3 8 x) 13
d
(3 x + 2)
dx
d 2
x 4
dx
15. y = 3 x 2 2
= 6(3x + 2)5 (3) = 18(3x + 2)5
10. y = 4 x 2 4
4
1
2x2 + 1
2
2
3 d
1
2
y = 4 2 x + 1
(2 x 2 + 1)
2
dx
= 2(2 x 2 + 1)3 (4 x) = 8 x 2 x 2 + 1
dy dy du
8.
=
= 9u 2 2u + 7 (5) . If x = 1, then
dx du dx
dy
u = 3, so
= (82)(5) = 410
dx x =1
9. y = 6(3 x + 2)5
dy dy dw
7.
=
= (6w 8)(4 x) . If x = 0, then

dx dw dx
dy
= 0.
dx
2 x 2 + 1)
(
y=
1
2
1
1
1
3 x 2 7 2 (6 x) = 3 x 3 x 2 7 2
2
1
21. y = 4 2 x 1 = (2 x 1) 4
y =
1
1
3
3
(2 x 1) 4 (2) = (2 x 1) 4
4
2
22. y = 8 x 2 1 = 8 x 2 1
y =
406
1
3
2
2
1
16
8 x 2 1 3 (16 x) = x 8 x 2 1 3
3
3
( )
12
2
y = 2 ( x3 + 1) ( 3 x 2 ) = x 2 ( x3 + 1)
5
5
23. y = 2 5 x3 + 1
= 2 x3 + 1
Section 11.5
2
5
3
5
6
2
2x x +1
= 6 2x2 x + 1
y = 6(1) 2 x x + 1
= 6(4 x 1) 2 x 2 x + 1
26. y =
= 3 x4 + 2
x +2
y = 3(1) x 4 + 2
27. y =
x 2 3x
28. y =
1
(2 + x)
32. y = 2 x +
= (2 x)
4
2
= (2 x) 2 + (2 x)
12
12
(2 x)
32
33. y = x 2 5( x 4) 4 (1) + ( x 4)5 (2 x)
= x( x 4)4 [5 x + 2( x 4)]
= x( x 4)4 (7 x 8)
34. y = x 4( x + 4)3 (1) + ( x + 4)4 (1)
= ( x + 4)3 (4 x + x + 4) = ( x + 4)3 (5 x + 4)
35. y = 4 x 2 5 x + 1 = 4 x 2 (5 x + 1) 2
1
1
y = 4 x 2 (5 x + 1) 2 (5) + 5 x + 1(8 x)
2
= (2 + x) 4
= 10 x 2 (5 x + 1)
y = 4(2 + x)5 (1) = 4(2 + x)5
29. y =
53
2x
1
1
3

1
y = (2 x) 2 (2) + (2 x) 2 (2)
2
2
(2 x 3)
= 2(2 x 3) x 2 3x
(6 x 1)
1
7
2
2
y = (7 x) 3 (7) + 3 7(1) = (7 x) 3 + 3 7
3
3
) ( 4x3 ) = 12 x3 ( x4 + 2)
23
5
3
31. y = 3 7 x + 3 7 x = (7 x) 3 + 3 7 x
2
3
= 2(6 x 1) 3 x 2 x
(4 x 1)
= x 3x
y = 2 x 2 3x
= 3 3x 2 x
( 3x2 x )
2
y = 3 ( 3 x 2 x )
3
3
5
24. y = 7 3 ( x5 3)5 = 7( x5 3)5 / 3

5
y = 7 ( x5 3) 2 / 3 (5 x 4 )
3
175 4 5
x ( x 3) 2 / 3
=
3
25. y =
30. y =
= 4(9 x 2 + 1)1/ 2
9x +1
1
y = 4 (9 x 2 + 1) 3 / 2 (18 x )
2
= 36 x(9 x 2 + 1)3 / 2
407
12
+ 8x 5x + 1
36. y = 4 x3 1 x 2 = 4 x3 (1 x 2 ) 2
1
y = 4 x3 (1 x 2 ) 1/ 2 (2 x) + 1 x 2 (12 x 2 )
2
4
4x
=
+ 12 x 2 1 x 2
2
1 x
3
2
37. y = x 2 + 2 x 1 (5) + (5 x) 3 x 2 + 2 x 1 (2 x + 2)
(
) (
)
2
= 5 ( x 2 + 2 x 1) ( 7 x 2 + 8 x 1)
2
= 5 x 2 + 2 x 1 x 2 + 2 x 1 + 3 x(2 x + 2)
)( ) (
3
4
38. y = x 2 4 x3 1 3 x 2 + x3 1 (2 x)
) = 2 x ( 7 x3 1)( x3 1)
= 2 x x3 1 6 x3 + x3 1
39. y = (8 x 1)3 4(2 x + 1)3 (2) + (2 x + 1) 4 3(8 x 1)2 (8)
= 8(8 x 1) 2 (2 x + 1)3 [(8 x 1) + 3(2 x + 1)]

= 8(8 x 1) 2 (2 x + 1)3 (14 x + 2)
= 16(8 x 1)2 (2 x + 1)3 (7 x + 1)
40. y = (3x + 2)5 [2(4 x 5)(4)] + (4 x 5)2 [5(3 x + 2) 4 (3)]

= (3x + 2) 4 (4 x 5)[8(3 x + 2) + 15(4 x 5)]
= (3x + 2) 4 (4 x 5)(84 x 59)
11
x 3 ( x + 2)(1) ( x 3)(1)
41. y = 12

x + 2
( x + 2)2
11
5
x 3
= 12

x + 2 ( x + 2) 2
60( x 3)11
=
( x + 2)13
2x
42. y = 4
x+2
1 x2
43. y =
2 x+3
( x + 2)(2) 2 x(1) 128 x3
=
( x + 2)2
( x + 2)5
12
( x + 3)(1) ( x 2)(1)
( x + 3)2
x2
=
2 x + 3
2( x + 3)
5
12
5
2( x + 3)
x+3
x2
408
1 8x2 3
44. y =
3 x 2 + 2
1 8x2 3
=
3 x 2 + 2
=
Section 11.5
2
x + 2 (16 x) 8 x 3 (2 x)
x2 + 2
23
23
38 x
( x2 + 2)
38 x
3 8x2 3
) ( x2 + 2)
2
3
( x2 + 4)
45. y =
4
3
(2) (2 x 5) 3 x 2 + 4
(2 x )
( x2 + 4)
2
x 2 + 4 ) {( x 2 + 4 ) (2) (2 x 5)[3(2 x)]}
(
=
6
( x2 + 4)
2 x 2 + 8 12 x 2 + 30 x
=
=
47. y =
( x2 + 4)
2 5 x 2 15 x 4
46. y =
( x2 + 4)
10 x 2 + 30 x + 8
( x2 + 4)
(3x 2 + 7)[4(4 x 2)3 (4)] (4 x 2)4 (6 x)

(3x 2 + 7) 2
3
(4 x 2) [16(3x 2 + 7) 6 x (4 x 2)]
(3 x 2 + 7)2
(4 x 2)3 (24 x 2 + 12 x + 112)
(3 x 2 + 7)2
(3 x 1)3 5(8 x 1)4 (8) (8 x 1)5 3(3x 1)2 (3)
6
(3 x 1)
(3 x 1)2 (8 x 1) 4 [(3x 1)(40) (8 x 1)(9)]

(3 x 1)6
(8 x 1)4 (48 x 31)
(3x 1) 4
409
48. y = 3 ( x 2) 2 ( x + 2) = [( x 2) 2 ( x + 2)]1/ 3
1
y = [( x 2) 2 ( x + 2)]2 / 3 [(1)( x 2)2 + 2( x 2)( x + 2)]
3
1
= [( x 2) 2 ( x + 2)]2 / 3 ( x 2)[ x 2 + 2( x + 2)]
3
1
= [( x 2) 2 ( x + 2)]2 / 3 ( x 2)(3 x + 2)
3
1
= ( x 2)1/ 3 ( x + 2)2 / 3 (3 x + 2)
3
49. y = 6 5 x 2 + 2
x4 + 5 = 6 5x2 + 2 x4 + 5 2
)(
1
1
1
y = 6 5 x 2 + 2 x 4 + 5 2 4 x3 + x 4 + 5 2 (10 x)
2
1
1
= 6 5 x 2 + 2 x 4 + 5 2 2 x3 + x 4 + 5 2 (10 x)
1
1
= 12 x 5 x + 2 x 4 + 5 2 x 2 + x 4 + 5 2 (5)
) (
)(
) ( ) (
) ( ) (
)(
) ( ) (
Factoring out x 4 + 5
12
gives
) (5x2 + 2)( x2 ) + ( x4 + 5) (5)
= 12 x ( x 4 + 5 ) (10 x 4 + 2 x 2 + 25 )
y = 12 x x 4 + 5
12
1
2
50. y = 3 4 x(2)(7 x + 1)(7) + (7 x + 1)2 (1)
= 3 4 147 x 2 + 28 x + 1 = 588 x 2 112 x 1
51. y = 8 +
= 8+
(t + 4)(1) (t 1)(1)
(t + 4)
5
(t + 4)
8t 7 1
2
8
4 4
(8t 7) = 15 8t +
5
(t + 4)2
410
52. y =
y =
=
=
=
53. y =
(2 x3 + 6)(7 x 5)
(2 x + 4) 2
Section 11.5
14 x 4 10 x3 + 42 x 30
(2 x + 4)2
(2 x + 4)2 (56 x3 30 x 2 + 42) (14 x 4 10 x3 + 42 x 30)[2(2 x + 4)(2)]

(2 x + 4) 4
(2 x + 4)[(2 x + 4)(56 x3 30 x 2 + 42) 4(14 x 4 10 x3 + 42 x 30)]
(2 x + 4) 4
112 x 4 60 x3 + 84 x + 224 x3 120 x 2 + 168 56 x 4 40 x3 168 x + 120
(2 x + 4)3
4(14 x 4 + 51x3 30 x 2 21x + 72)
(2 x + 4)3
( x3 5)5 [(2 x + 1)3 (2)( x + 3)(1) + ( x + 3)2 (3)(2 x + 1)2 (2)] (2 x + 1)3 ( x + 3)2 [5( x3 5)4 (3 x 2 )]
( x3 5)10
) ( 12 ) ( x + 2)
(9 x 3) x + 2(2) 4 x 2 1 (8 x) + 4 x 2 1
54. y =
(9 x 3)2
55.
dy
= 0.
dx
dz dz dy dx
=
= (4 y 4)(6)(2)
dt dy dx dt
When t = 1, then x = 2 and y = 7. Thus
57. y = 3 x 2 7 x 8
dz
= (24)(6)(2) = 288 .
dt t =1
(2 x 7)
If x = 8, then slope = y = 3(64 56 8) 2 (16 7) = 0 .

1
58. y = ( x + 1) 2
1
1
( x + 1) 2
2
1
If x = 8, y = .
6
y =
411
2
x + 2 4 x 1 (9)
3
dy dy du
= 3(5u + 6)2 (5) 4 x 2 + 1 (2 x)
dx du dx
When x = 0, then
56.
1
2
59. y = x 2 8
y =
2
3
2 2
x 8
3
64. y =
13
4x
(2 x) =
3 x2 8
If x = 1, y = 3(2)2 = 12.
( x + 1)
( ) (7 x + 2)
m = 6, then q = 30, so
(7) 7 x + 2(1)
Also,
( x + 1) 2
( 72 )
7 x+2
2
( x + 1)
If x = 1, then y =
7x + 2
( )( ) 3 = 1 . The
1
3
4
6
3
1
tangent line is y = ( x 1) , or
2
6
1
5
y = x+ .
6
3
62. y = 3 3 x 2 + 1
dr
= 0.2q + 70 . If
dq
dq
dq
1
=6.
=
(200 2m) . When m = 40,
dm
dm 20
dr
Thus
= (6)(6) = 36 .
dm m = 40
(6 x)
and y = 6 x x 2 + 9
dq
dr
= 5. Thus
= (26)(5) = 130.
dm
dm m =6
m = 40, then q = 320, so

dr
= 64 + 70 = 6 .
dq m = 40
If x = 0, then y = 0 . The tangent line is

y + 3 = 0(x 0), or y = 3.
63. y = x 2 + 9
= 24 + 50 = 26.
m =6
r = pq = 0.1q 2 + 70q , so
y = 3(3) 3x 2 + 1
dr
dq
dr
= 0.8q + 50, . For
dq
1
200m m 2
20
p = 0.1q + 70; m = 40
dr dr dq
=
dm dq dm
66. q =
7
2
( x 1)4
1
12
4
and y =
= , so
4
27
27
3
r = pq = 0.4q 2 + 50q,
The tangent line is y 8 = 12(x + 1) or

y = 12x + 20.
( x + 1)
6x
2
65. q = 5m, p = 0.4q + 50; m = 6

dr dr dq
=
dm dq dm
60. y = 3( x + 3)2 (1) = 3( x + 3) 2
61. y =
and y =
y
4
(100) = 27(100) = 400%
y
27

12
= 4 . Thus the tangent line
3(1)
is y 1 = 4(x 3), or y = 4x 11.
1
2
( x 1)
When x = 2, y =
1
3
If x = 3, then y =
12
1
2
. When
67. q =
10m 2
m2 + 9
525
;m=4
p=
q+3
x = 4, then y = (25)3 and y = 6(4)(25) 2 , so

y
6(4)(25)2
24
(100) =
(100) =
(100) = 96%
3
y
25
(25)
dr dr dq
=
dm dq dm
r = pq =
525q
, so
q+3
dr
(q + 3)(1) q(1)
1575
.
= 525
=
2
dq
(q + 3)
(q + 3)2
412
dr
dq
If m = 4, then q = 32, so
m +9
dq
=
dm
m2 + 9 )
(
=
=
1
2
=
m=4
(20m) 10m2 12
2
Section 11.5
1575 9
= .
1225 7
(m
+9
12
b.
20m m 2 + 9 10m3
2
m +9
3
10m + 180m
m2 + 9
c.
3
2
70. p =
q
q 2 + 20 100 q 2 + 20
q
100 q 2 + 20 q 2 20
r = pq = 100q q q 2 + 20
dr
45, 000
4500q
, so
.
=
dq (q + 10) 2
q + 10
dr
dq
If m = 9, then q = 90, so
( m2 + 19)
3
2
=
m =9
71.
9
.
2
. When m = 9, then
dq 19
.
=
dm 10
72.
dr
9 19
= = 8.55 .
dm m =9 2 10
dp
1
= 0 q 2 + 20
dq
2
q + 20
12
(2q) + q 2 + 20(1)
q 2 + 20
k
; q = f(m)
q
r = pq = k, so
1900
q2
dr dr dq
=
dm dq dm
dr dr dq
=
dm dq dm
69. a.
100 q 2 + 20
= 100
m 2 + 19
4500
;m=9
p=
q + 10
Thus
q 2 + 20
100m
dq
=
dm
1
= 100 q q 2 + 20
2
dr
9 272
=
13.99 .
dm m = 4 7 25
r = pq =
dr
dq
When m = 4, then
dq 10(64) + 180(4) 1360 272
. Thus
=
=
=
3
125
25
dm
(25) 2
68. q =
(2m)
m +9
12
dp
dq
12
(2q ) =
dr
dq
dr
= 0 . Thus
= 0
=0.
dm
dm
dq
dc dc dq
=
= (12 + 0.4q )(1.5)

dp dq dp
When p = 85, then q = 772.5, so
dc
= 481.5.
dp p =85
250
f (t ) = 1
250 + t
2
250
250
f (t ) = 3

250 + t (250 + t )2
250 250
f (100) = 3

350 3502
25 1
= 3
49 490
15
.
=
4802
Thus when t increases from 100 to 101, the
proportion discharged increases by
15
.
approximately
4802
q + 20
413
73.
dc
=
dq
( q 2 + 3)
1
2
(10q ) 5q 2 12 q 2 + 3
q2 + 3
( ) (
12
(2q )
Multiplying numerator and denominator by q 2 + 3
)
(
1
2
gives
q 2 + 3 (10q) 5q 2 (q ) 5q3 + 30q 5q q 2 + 6

dc
.
=
=
=
3
3
3
dq
2
2
2
2
2
2
q +3
q +3
q +3
74. a.
dS
dS
= 680 E 4360 . If E = 16,
= 6520 .
dE
dE
b. Solving 680 E 4360 = 5000 gives 680 E = 9360, E 13.8.

75.
( )
dV dV dr
=
= 4r 2 108 (2t ) + 107 . When t = 10, then r = 108 102 + 107 (10) = 106 + 106 = 2(10)6 .
dt
dr dt
Thus
2
dV
= 4 2(10) 6 108 (2)(10) + 107 = 4 4(10)12 3 107 = 48(10)19
dt t =10
76. a.
b.
77. a.
dp 1
1
1
= (2 VI ) 2 (2 V ) = V (2 VI ) 2
dI 2
dp
dI
V (2 VI )
(2 VI )
12
1
2
1
2I
d
( I x ) = 0.001416 x3 + 0.01356 x3 + 1.696 x 34.9
dx
d
( I x ) = 256.238.
If x = 65,
dx
b. If x = 65,
d (I )
dx x
Ix
256.238
0.01578
16, 236.484
If x = 65, the percentage rate of change is
d (I )
dx x
Ix
78. (P + a)(v + b) = k
k
v+b =
P+a
k
v=
b
P+a
v = k ( P + a ) 1 b
dv
k
= k (1)( P + a )2 =
dP
( P + a)2
414
25, 623.8
= 1.578%.
16, 236.484
79. By the chain rule,
Section 11.5
dq
100
dc dc dq
100
. We are given that q =
= 100 p 1 , so
. Thus
=
= 100 p 2 =
dp
dp dq dp
p
p2
100 1
dc
dc dc 100
= and we are given that
= 0.01 . Therefore
=
2 . When q = 200, then p =
dp dq p
200 2
dq
dc
100
= 0.01
= 4 .
2
dp
12
( )
80. a.
b.
When m = 12, then q = 3000, so r = 1500.

r 1500 1
Thus p = =
= = $0.50 .
q 3000 2
( )
1000 + 3q (50) 50q 12 (1000 + 3q)

dr
=
1000 + 3q
dq
dr
dq
c.
=
q =3000
12
(3)
2750
11
=
10, 000 40
dr dr dq
dr
. From part (b) we know
. Now,
=
dm dq dm
dq
3
1
dq
dq
3
= 610 .
= (2m) (2m + 1) 2 (2) + (2m + 1) 2 (2) , so
dm
dm m =12
2
Thus
81.
dr
11
671
=
610 =
.
dm m =12 40
4
dy dy dx
=
= f ( x) g (t ) . We are given that g(2) = 3, so x = 3 when t = 2. Thus
dt dx dt
dy
dy
dx
=
= f (3) g (2) = 10(4) = 40 .

dt t = 2 dx x = g (2) dt t = 2
82. a.
b.
324
5 19
19 19
+ + = 0+0+ =
lim c = lim
2
q 18
18 18
q
q
q + 35
c = cq =
dc
=
dq
dc
dq
c.
324q
q 2 + 35
+5+
19
q
18
q 2 + 35(324) 324q
( 12 ) ( q2 + 35)
q 2 + 35
12
(2q ) 19
+
18
=3
q =17
From part (b) the increase in cost of the additional unit is approximately $300. Since the corresponding
revenue increases by $275, the move should not be made.
415
83. 86,111.37
84. 5.25
Chapter 11 Review Problems
1.
f ( x) = 2 x 2
2 ( x + h) 2 2 x 2
f ( x + h) f ( x )
f ( x) = lim
= lim
h
h
h 0
h 0
2 x 2 2hx h 2 2 x 2
2hx h 2
= lim
= lim
h
h
h0
h 0
h(2 x + h)
= lim
= lim (2 x + h) = 2 x
h
h0
h 0
2.
f ( x) = 2 x 2 3 x + 1
f ( x) = lim
h 0
f ( x + h) f ( x )
h
2( x + h) 2 3( x + h) + 1 2 x 2 3x + 1
= lim
h
h0
2 x 2 + 4hx + 2h 2 3 x 3h + 1 2 x 2 3x + 1
= lim
h
h0
4hx + 2h 2 3h
h(4 x + 2h 3)
= lim
h
h
h0
h0
= lim (4 x + 2h 3) = 4 x 3
= lim
h0
3.
f ( x) = 3x
f ( x) = lim
h 0
3( x + h) 3x 3( x + h) + 3 x
h
3( x + h) + 3 x
= lim
h0
= lim
h0 h
= lim
h0
3( x + h) 3x
f ( x + h) f ( x )
= lim
h
h
h 0
3( x + h) 3 x
3( x + h) + 3x
= lim
h0 h
3h
3( x + h) + 3x
3
3( x + h) + 3x
3
3x + 3x
3
2 3x
3
2 x
416

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