BOILER EFFICIENCY AND THERMAL BALANCE

The boiler efficiency programme module may be applied to boilers fired pulverised coal, oil, gas, biomass, as well as to fluidised bed boilers and heat recovery steam generators. The module software
enables also calculations to be performed for simultaneous combustion of several fuels.

Fluidised bed boiler efficiency screen graphics

The module calculates thermal balance, heat loss and efficiency on the basis of current measurements that have been taken from a database or from the control system. The results in each calculation cycle are made available to operators in the form of screen graphics. The data obtained from
these calculations are also recorded in the database and can be analysed at a later date.

Depending on the boiler size and fuel type, the calculations are carried out either by the direct method
or by the loss method. For coal fired boilers, the efficiency is calculated by determining the main heat
loss. In addition, the flue gas composition necessary for calculations is determined by iterative procedures.

Enerbit Sp. z o.o.

ul. Czerniakowska 28B, 00-714 Warsaw, POLAND
Tel/Fax: +48 22 880 92 68
www.enerbit.com

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Boiler Efficiency and Thermal Balance

The applied calculation methodology is

based on the relationships described in
standard PN-EN 12952-15 of 2006 "Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations.
Part 15: Acceptance tests." Also other
methods may be applied for efficiency
calculations, including the method described in the ASME standard.

The operators are informed of the current

value of heat loss, the thermal balance
components, the fuel chemical energy
used for steam generation and a number
of parameters, of which some are listed
below.

The fuel composition. This is determined

on the basis of chemical analysis of individual fuels (for simultaneous combustion
of basic fuel and additional fuels). In addition, the current composition of the fuel
composite burned is determined on the
basis of the measurements taken of the
outlet flue gas composition.

The dependency of the boiler flue gas loss

on the excess combustion air and the flue
gas temperature. This dependency is calculated based on the current conditions,
i.e., for the current flue gas composition,
the oxygen content in the flue gas and the
flue gas temperature at the boiler outlet.
The dependency due to unburned carbon
loss on the combustion conditions. The
unburned parts in fly ash and slag are
systematically estimated with neural models. The current loss value, and its dependency on the factor that currently has
the strongest influence on this loss are
then determined. A simpler solution is
when the fuel composition laboratory analysis result is used instead of the neural
model.

The operators, having quantitative information on the influence of individual parameters on the boiler
efficiency, are then able to individually take cost-effective measures during the boiler operation.

Enerbit Sp. z o.o.

ul. Czerniakowska 28B, 00-714 Warsaw, POLAND
Tel/Fax: +48 22 880 92 68
www.enerbit.com

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