Eritech - Rfe1 PDF

Julien Brousseau
Applications Engineer
The ERICO Company

ERICO was established in 1903 as the
Electric Railway Improvement Company
to supply power bonds, signal bonds and
related welding equipment to railroads,
mining and street railway industries.
Started in Cleveland, Ohio before
expanding on the five continents.
The ERICO Company
ERICO product lines

ERITECH
Grounding, Bonding,
Lightning Products
Facility Electrical Protection Systems
ERIFLEX
Current Carrying Conductors,

Supports and Other Non-Active
Electrical Panel Components
Panel Boxes for Facilities, OEMs
ERICO Rail &

Industrial
Rail Electric Bonds,

Grounding, Surge Protection
Railroads and Transits
ERICO product lines

CADDY Electrical
Fixing & Fastening
CADDY Mechanical
Fixing & Fastening
LENTON
Specialty Metal Hangers
Metal Hangers and Support Systems
Mechanical Couplers
Electrical and Data Com Applications
Plumbing, HVAC, Industrial, Fire

Protection and Seismic Support
Concrete Reinforcement Applications
Presentation Outline
Introduction
Risk assessment per EN62305-2
Lightning protection design methods
Surge protection
Modern lightning protection solutions
SIX POINT PROTECTION PLAN
INTEGRATED
PROTECTION
SOLUTION

1. Capture the lightning strike to a preferred point
2. Conduct it to ground safely
3. Dissipate energy into the earth
4. Bond to create an equipotential ground plane
5. Protect incoming power circuits
6. Protect incoming telephone/data circuits
Introduction
Nov. 2006, IS EN62305 series adopted

EN62305-1: General Principles
EN62305-2: Risk Management
EN62305-3: Physical Damage to
Structure and Life Hazard
EN62305-4: Electrical and Electronic
Systems within Structures

4 sources of damages (IEC EN-62305 1):

Each of source of damage can lead to
D1: Injury of living beings due to touch
and step voltages
D2: Physical damage (fire, explosion,
mechanical destruction, chemical release)
D3: Failure of internal electrical/electronic
systems due to lightning electromagnetic
impulse
4 type of losses can then be identified

L1: Loss of human life
L2: Loss of essential service to the public
L3: Loss of cultural heritage
L4: Economic loss (structure and its
contents, service and loss of activity)
R1= 1E-5
R2= 1E-4
R3= 1E-4
Design methods
4 lightning protection levels (LPL)

Used to size components and SPDs
Used to define lightning protection zones
Maximum lightning strike current
LPL
I
II
II
IV
Max Ip (kA)
200
150
100
100
Design methods
4 class of protection (=LPL)
Used to define interception efficiency
Used to define rolling sphere diameter
LPL
I
II
III
IV
Min Ip (kA)
3
5
10
16
% strikes > Ip
99
97
91
84
EN 62305-3 Air Terminations

Rolling Sphere
Most often used with Franklin rods
LPL
I
II
III
IV
Radius (m)
20
30
45
60

Mesh
Use of horizontal conductors
Franklin rods added of protruding objects
LPL
I
II
III
IV
Size (m)
5x5
10x10
15x15
20x20

Cone of protection (Hbuilding < 60m)
Use of Franklin rods

Measures for building over with H>60m
60m>H>120m: protect top 20% with rings
H>120m: protect all above 120m with rings
LPL
I
II
III
IV
Ring spacing (m)

10
10
15
20

Use of natural air terminations possible
Check electrical continuity
EN 62305-3 Downconductors
Downconductors carry the current to the
ground
Several paths should exist
Paths as direct as possible to the ground
Equipotential bonding
Minimum number of 2
Equal spacing recommended
Install test joints on each downconductor
Avoid loops
Fixing centre distances for clips
Different for round or tape conductors
Natural downconductors can be used
Rebars, structural members
Achieve electrical continuity
Weld at least 30mm / 20 times rebar diameter
EN 62305-3 Earth Terminations

Earthing system at each downconductor
Earth ring preferred
Inter connexion with other grounds.

Ring at least 1m away from building and
buried at 0.5m
Rods buried at 0.5m and spaced to
minimize coupling

Natural components can also be used
Foundation rebar or structural steel beams
Proper connection prevents concrete
splitting
EN 62305-3 Materials & Sizes
Materials & Sizes: Air Term + DC
Materials & Sizes: Earth term
Bonding / Insulation
Use equipotential bonding or insulation to
avoid dangerous sparking
Bonding needs to be done between
external LPS and:
Structural steel, metal enclosures, internal
systems, external conductive parts,
incoming services
Use bonding cable:
14mm2 copper from bonding bar to earth
5mm2 copper from internal metal to bonding bar
SPDs Class I or II depending on location
Insulating properties of materials
Separation distance, s
kc
s = ki
l
km
ki, class of LPS

kc, number of DCs
km, material
kc
s = ki
l
km
ki, class of LPS

kc, number of DCs
km, material
Causes for Surge

Lightning
Motors / DC drives
Capacitor Bank Switching
SEMP (switching electromagnetic pulse)
ESD (electrostatic discharge)
Human errors
Power Grid Switching
Improper grounding techniques
Component Failures
The cost of zero protection

Surge voltage/Indirect
Lightning
Break-Ins
Fire
Negligence
Short Circuit
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Insurance Statistics on Causes of Damage on Equipment

Elektra, Branch of Wuba, 1994
Equipment Sensitivity
Risks on semi-conductors
Destructive Damage
Very visible damage
Burnt boards, traces and components
Disruptive Damage
Confused logic, lost files, data stream
disruption and/or corruption, system lock-up
Dissipative Damage
Little or no visible damage, but
Components will not function properly
What is a surge protector?
A
S1
Normal
S2
S3
Common Mode
Answer: Voltage activated switch
Solution 1: Spark gap

Tremendous energy
handling capability.
Self-extinguishing
Dissipates energy as
plasma discharge
instead of heat
Can handle multiple
direct strike events
without damage
Solution 2: Gas Tube

Ceramic or glass tube
with inert gas inside
Slow response
High energy handling
capability
Unpredictable ignition
voltage
Solution 3: Metal Oxide Varistors
Wide range of voltage

protection levels
Most popular device
used for TVSS
applications
Solution 4: Diodes
Also called SADs,
Silicon Avalanche
Diodes, and
Transorbs
Very fast response
Silicon device that
acts like back to back
Zeners
Low Energy Handling
Summary of solutions
Silicon Avalanche
Metal Oxide Gas Discharge
Spark Gap
Tube
(GDT)
Diode (SAD)
Varistor (MOV)
Fast
Response
Discharge
capability
SPD classes per IEC 61643-1

Class I Lightning induced transient
10/350s wave form

Partial direct strike
Service entrance

Class II Non-lightning induced transient
8/20s wave form

Heavy load switching
Service entrance

Class III Temporary over voltage
1.2/50s wave form

High Impedance circuits

IEC to VDE class comparison
How to select SPDs?
How to select SPDs?

Determine total surge rating
How to select SPDs?

Do not include small telecom lines
(high impedance )
How to select SPDs?

Verify surge protection level, Up, of
equipement to protect
IEC 60664-1 and IEC 61000-4-5
For a typical 230/415V system, class I SPD
should have a Up of 1.6kV
Class II SPDs may appear to have too high
Up because of stringent test requirements.
How to select SPDs?

If no LP system, surge on low voltage
services as follow
Surge levels on telecom services even lower
How to select SPDs?

SPD coordination is required if:
Distance between panels insufficient (less
than 10m)
If different technology between SPDs in
panels
If different Up between SPDs in panels
How to select SPDs?

Equivalent to having a long cable with
inductance between the SPDs
How to select SPDs?

However SPDs have an effective distance
Oscillations, local faults can be dangerous
How to select SPDs?
How to select SPDs?

TN-C configuration
Total surge rating divided by 4
How to select SPDs?

TN-S configuration
How to select SPDs?

TN-C-S configuration
How to select SPDs?

TT configuration
Total surge rating divided by 4 and added
back before SGD
How to select SPDs?

IT configuration
3+0, 4+0, 3+1
How to select SPDs?

LP Zones and SPDs
How to select SPDs?

LP Zones and SPDs
Point 4: Protecting AC Power Feeders
TD technology
Thermal
protection
Over-current
protection
Metal NEMA 4
enclosure
200kAIC rating
EMI/RFI filtering
TDX SERIES
TD Technology
SPD in Conduction
TOV Condition
Nominal Clamping
Voltage on 50/60 Hz
Nominal AC Mains
Operating Voltage
TD Technology
Low SPD
voltage clamping
TD technology.
clamping
TD Technology
Replaceable Modules
DIN Rail Mount
Change-over Contacts
Single Phase
Various Voltage Models
TDS SERIES
TD Technology
Replaceable Modules
DIN Rail Mount
Change-over Contacts
Three Phase
Various Voltage Models
TT or TNC configurations
TDS SERIES
Spark Gap Diverters

Up to 100kA 10/350s
Point 5: Protecting Data Com Signals

Inductive Transients
Improper Grounding - RF

Hybrid, three stage
clamping circuit,
Best possible protection
to sensitive electronic
equipment
Minimum of line
interference and insertion
losses
UTB SERIES

Inductor
Second Stage
Incoming
Line Transient
Gas
Discharge
Arrestor
Metal
Oxide
Varistor
Grounding
System
Inductor
First Stage
Suppressor
Diode

Coaxial Protection
Can be used along UTBs to
provide full protection of CCTV
circuits

SLP and HSP Protection
Krone LSA Termination

RJ-11, RJ45 interfaces
RS 232 interfaces
Surge in 62305-4
Office building
LP on roof
Coordinated SP
Examples - Communication
Examples - Plant
What about modern buildings?
System 3000
Utilizes the Collection

Volume Method (CVM)
Developed in the 1980s by
Dr. Ericksson
Verified and improved in the
1990s by ERICO (Dr. Franco
dAlessandro)
System 3000 RSM Limits

Assumes Striking Distance is the same
for all points (strikes closest point)
Not consistent with field observations:
> 90% of strikes are to corners or
other pointed features
overwhelming evidence that strikes
are to points of highest electric field
intensification
System 3000 - CVM

Shape and height of the building intensifies
the ambient electric field
System 3000 - CVM

The corners of the building are the most
prone to launching an upward leader
System 3000 - CVM
System 3000 - CVM

Each point of the building can launch an
upward leader
System 3000 - CVM
System 3000 - Dynasphere

In the ERICO S3000, we apply the
Collection Volume Method with the
DYNASPHERE Air Terminal

The Dynasphere is an improved Franklin
rod with a spherical dome with capacitive
coupling to the ambient electrical field

Static phase of the storm
High-impedance
coupling between the
dome and the ground

Dynamic phase of the storm
The dome is loaded
thru capacitive coupling
When the dome is
charged a spark is
created over the air gap

Lightning capture phase
The arc created results in
the launch of an upward
leader
System 3000 Dynasphere

Need to ensure that streamers are not
launched until the electric field conditions
are an optimum for conversion to a
stable, propagating upward leader
The terminal trigger time is determined
by the Spark Gap size, the Capacitance
of dome, and the Resistance

Static conditions
Dynamic conditions

Example: building

Example: Communication tower
System 3000 - Validation

Field study in Hong-Kong in the 1990s
Field study in Malaysia in the 1990s
System 3000 Validation HK

Aim: to assess Erikssons attractive radius
model
Analysis of lightning strike data for a
sample of 161 structures in Hong Kong
over a period of 8 years
Result: excellent agreement between the
observed strike data and the predictions of
Erikssons attractive radius model
System 3000 Validation KL
System 3000 Validation KL

Aim: to assess interception efficiency
Analysis of lightning strike data for a
sample of 86 structures in Malaysia over
a period of 13 years (592 years exposure
time)
384 flashes observed (LEC + by-passes).
Result: interception efficiency levels in
accordance with IEC 62305-1 levels.

Field experimentation
New Mexico Testing

(photo from Moore et Al, 2002)
HV Lab Russia

System 3000 in action
Sky Tower
New Zealand
16 strikes in 30
minutes in 1999
System 3000 - ERICORE

The System 3000 is an isolated system
using the ERICORE downconductor
Low impedance
Low inductance
Minimized internal
stress
Can be installed
behind cladding
Stage 3
R dominant
Stage 1
Z dominant
Stage 2
L dominant
20 350 ms

ERICORE:
Zo 5 and L 25 nH/m
Conventional conductor*:
Zo > 200 and L 1 H/m
*For 100 mm separation from adjacent conductor such as concrete reinforcing.

50 m cable
300kV air breakdown voltage of air
at 0.5m
Pa rarmeter
d I /d t
I (k A )
(GA/s)
32
9
32
24
32
65
13
10
13
40
13
160
Voltage developed (kV)

O n e st d .
T e n s td . E R IC O R E
conductor conductors
cable
35
32
27
23
610
70
55
163 5
172
13 3
254
29
23
00 4
104
80
10
00 4
404
185 *
40
NOT with the

ERICORE !
Copyright Ed Bondarenko & Asso.

Bonding to the structure is critical

Testing at TYCO labs, NC, USA
Passed 100kA surge test (worse lightning)
Breakdown of upper termination at 263kV
System 3000 Design Process

Design done in-house with the use of the
LPSD software upon reception of all the
parameters
System 3000
System 3000 - Installation
Conclusion
Lightning and surge protection is an
element is required per the code.
ERICO offers different types of solutions
that cover all situations all over the world
The selection of the right solution is a
process that requires dialog between the
contractors,
distributors,
architects,
installers and ERICO.
THANKSQuestions?

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Julien Brousseau

The ERICO Company

The ERICO Company

ERICO product lines

Facility Electrical Protection Systems

Current Carrying Conductors,

Panel Boxes for Facilities, OEMs

ERICO Rail &

Rail Electric Bonds,

Railroads and Transits

ERICO product lines

Specialty Metal Hangers

Metal Hangers and Support Systems

Electrical and Data Com Applications

Plumbing, HVAC, Industrial, Fire

Concrete Reinforcement Applications

SIX POINT PROTECTION PLAN

SIX POINT PROTECTION PLAN

SIX POINT PROTECTION PLAN

Nov. 2006, IS EN62305 series adopted

Risk assessment per EN62305-2

Risk assessment per EN62305-2

Risk assessment per EN62305-2

Risk assessment per EN62305-2

4 type of losses can then be identified

Risk assessment per EN62305-2

Risk assessment per EN62305-2

Risk assessment per EN62305-2

4 lightning protection levels (LPL)

EN 62305-3 Air Terminations

EN 62305-3 Air Terminations

EN 62305-3 Air Terminations

EN 62305-3 Air Terminations

Ring spacing (m)

EN 62305-3 Air Terminations

Weld at least 30mm / 20 times rebar diameter

EN 62305-3 Earth Terminations

EN 62305-3 Earth Terminations

EN 62305-3 Earth Terminations

EN 62305-3 Materials & Sizes

Materials & Sizes: Air Term + DC

Materials & Sizes: Earth term

ki, class of LPS

ki, class of LPS

Causes for Surge

The cost of zero protection

Insurance Statistics on Causes of Damage on Equipment

What is a surge protector?

Answer: Voltage activated switch

Solution 1: Spark gap

Solution 2: Gas Tube

Solution 3: Metal Oxide Varistors

Wide range of voltage

SPD classes per IEC 61643-1

10/350s wave form

SPD classes per IEC 61643-1

8/20s wave form

SPD classes per IEC 61643-1

1.2/50s wave form

SPD classes per IEC 61643-1

How to select SPDs?

How to select SPDs?