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Small-Signal Models
Adrian Hendels
abh12@students.uwf.edu
Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering
University of West Florida
Course: EEE4308L Spring 2015
February 17, 2015
Part One:
The circuit below (Figure 6.3 from handout) is used to find output characteristics.
RC
2.2k
Q1
R1
470k
I1
10uA
VCC
10 V
2N2222
Part Two:
The DC sweep of the above circuit is shown below.
EEE4308L Pre-Lab #6
Part Three:
NOTE: Due to technical difficulties with software, I was unable to plot the two graphs on one graph.
However, here is the load line separately.
Load Line
0.005
Current
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0
0
10
12
Voltage
Part Four:
For the Q-point for IB=10A. Using both graphs and data points, one can observe the following values:
=
= .
= .
F =
1.3mA
10A
7V 6V
1.3mA 1.27mA
= .
VA = ro IC + VCE = 2.7V
= .
EEE4308L Pre-Lab #6
Part Five:
From the above values, the small-signal BJT parameters can be found.
r =
25.8mV
10A
= .
gm =
F
r
= .
Part Six:
The self-biasing circuit (Figure 6.5 in handout) shown below, with all corresponding values:
R1
470k
RC
2.2k
Q1
V1
10 V
2N2222
VCC VBE
RB
IB =
10V 0.7V
470k
EEE4308L Pre-Lab #6
=
IC = F IB
F 130 (From Datasheet)
IC = 130(20A)
= .
VCE = VCC R C IC
VCE = 10V (2.2k)(2.6mA)
= .
VBE (mV)
VBE (mV)
VCE (V)
VCE(V)
IB (uA)
IB (uA)
IC (mA)
IC (mA)
Transistor
2N2222
2N3904
2N2222
2N3904
2N2222 2N3904
2N222
2N3904
Calculated
700
Multisim
651
4.28
695
3.94
20.0
3.25
19.9
2.60
19.8
2.76
3.07
Figure 6.5: Table with corresponding values for the circuit in Figure 6.4.
Part Seven:
The changes seen in collector current and collector-emitter voltage can be attributed to a change in beta.
One transistor is an NPN and one a PNP, this as well as each transistor having a different value for beta
will cause this variance in results. Through simple calculation, the below results are found.
IC = 11.1%
VCE = 17.6%
EEE4308L Pre-Lab #6
Part Eight:
A self-biasing circuit with emitter resistance (Figure 6.6 in handout), with appropriate values:
R1
470k
RC
2.2k
Q1
V1
10 V
2N2222
RE
4.3k
VCC VBE
R B + (1 + F )R E
IB =
10V 0.7V
470k + (130)(4.3k)
= .
IC = F IB
F 130 (From Datasheet)
IC = 130(9.0A)
= .
VCE = VCC R C IC R E IE
EEE4308L Pre-Lab #6
VBE(mV)
VCE (V)
VCE (V)
IB (uA)
IB(uA)
IC(mA)
IC(mA)
Transistor
2N2222
2N3904
2N2222
2N3904
2N2222
2N3904
2N222
2N3904
Calculated
700
Multisim
630
2.36
670
9.0
2.72
2.11
1.17
9.65
8.73
1.12
1.21
Figure 6.7: Table with corresponding values for the circuit in Figure 6.6.
Part Nine:
The added emitter resistance changes the voltage significantly, while not changing the current by much.
The changes seen in collector current and collector-emitter voltage can be attributed to a change in beta.
One transistor is an NPN and one a PNP, this as well as each transistor having a different value for beta
will cause this variance in results. Through simple calculation, the below results are found.
IC = 7.5%
VCE = 28.9%
Part Ten:
A stabilized-biasing circuit (Figure 6.7 in handout), with appropriate values:
R1
470k
RC
2.2k
Q1
V1
10 V
2N2222
R2
390k
RE
4.3k
VTH VBE
R TH + (1 + F )R E
IB =
4.53V 0.7V
213k + (130)(4.3k)
= .
IC = F IB
F 130 (From Datasheet)
IC = 130(5.0A)
= .
VCE = VCC R C IC R E IE
VCE = 10V (2.2k)(0.65mA) (4.3k)(0.65mA)
= .
VBE(mV)
VBE(mV)
VCE(V)
VCE(V)
IB(uA)
IB(uA)
IC(mA)
IC(mA)
Transistor
2N2222
2N3904
2N2222
2N3904
2N2222
2N3904
2N222
2N3904
Calculated
700
Multisim
620
5.79
660
5.64
5.00
5.73
4.83
0.645
4.92
0.668
Figure 6.9: Table with corresponding values for the circuit in Figure 6.6.
EEE4308L Pre-Lab #6
0.654
Part Eleven:
The voltage division between resistors one and two cause the emitter and collector currents to be certain
values with respect to the voltage source, the only differences seen in this circuit in the collector and
emitter current and can be attributed to a change in beta. This makes the slight differences in results
attributed directly to the beta value. One transistor is an NPN and one a PNP, this as well as each
transistor having a different value for beta will cause this variance in results. Through simple calculation,
the below results are found.
IC = 2.1%
VCE = 1.6%
EEE4308L Pre-Lab #6