Table of Fourier Transform Pairs of Energy Signals

Function
name

Time Domain x(t)

FT

x t

Frequency Domain X()

x t e

jt

dt F x t

x t

IFT
Rectangle
Pulse

1
2

X e

jt

d F 1 X

1 t T 2
t t

T
T
0 elsewhen

T
T sinc

t
t W
1 W

W 0
elsewhen

sin( Wt )
sinc Wt
Wt

W
W sinc2

rect

Triangle
Pulse
Sinc
Pulse

Exponential Pulse

a t

1

rect

W
2 W
2a
2
a 2

a0

t2
exp( 2 )
2

Gaussian
Pulse
Decaying
Exponential
Sinc2
Pulse

2 exp(

1
a j

Re a 0

exp(at )u (t )

2 2

1

B 2 B

sinc2 Bt

Rect Pulse

Gaussian Pulse

1.5

1.5

T=1

2=1
1

0.5

0.5

rect(a)

-3

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

2.5

-3

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

Triangle Pulse

Sinc Pulse
1.5

1.5

W=1

W=1
1

Sinc(a)

2.5

0.5
0.5

0
-3

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

2.5

0
-3

-0.5
a

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0
a

0.5

1.5

2.5

Table of Fourier Transform Pairs of Power Signals

Function
name

Time Domain x(t)

FT

x t

Frequency Domain X()

x t e

jt

dt F x t

IFT

1
x t
2

X e

jt

d F 1 X

Impulse

(t )

DC

2 ( )

Cosine

cos 0t

e j ( 0 ) e j ( 0 )

Sine

sin 0t

j e j ( 0 ) e j ( 0 )

Complex
Exponential

exp j0t

2 ( 0 )

Unit step

1 t 0
u t
0 t 0

Signum

1 t0
sgn(t )
1 t 0

2
j

Linear
Decay

j sgn( )

Fourier
Series

t nT

Impulse
Train

ae

( )

jk0t

2
Ts

, where

1
ak x(t )e jk0t dt
T0 T0

1
j

k T

a k

Table of Fourier Transforms of Operations

Operation

FT Property
Given g t G

Linearity

af t bg t aF bG

Time Shifting

g t t0 e jt0 G

g (at )

Time Scaling
Modulation (1)

g t cos 0t

If f t

Differentiation
If f t

d g t
dt

, then F ( ) j G

1
G G 0
j

g d , then F ()

Convolution

1
G 0 G 0
2

g t e j0t G 0

Modulation (2)

Integration

1
G
a a

g t f t G F , where

g t f t

g f t d

Multiplication
Duality
Hermitian Symmetry

f t g t

If g t z , then z t 2 g
If g(t) is real valued then G - G*

( G - G and G - G )
g * t G *

Conjugation

Parsevals Theorem

1
F G
2

Pavg

g t

1
dt
2

Some Notes:
1. There are two similar functions used to describe the functional form
sin(x)/x. One is the sinc() function, and the other is the Sa() function. We
will only use the sinc() notation in class. Note the role of in the sinc()
definition:
sin x
sin( x)
sinc x
;
Sa( x)
x
x
2. The impulse function, aka delta function, is defined by the following three
relationships:
a. Singularity: t t 0 0 for all t t0

b. Unity area:

(t )dt 1

tb

c. Sifting property:

f (t ) (t t

)dt f (t 0 ) for ta < t0 < tb.

ta

3. Many basic functions do not change under a reversal operation. Other

change signs. Use this to help simplify your results.
1
a. t t (in general, at t )
a
b. rect t rect t
c. t t
d. sinc t sinc t
e. sgn t sgn t
4. The duality property is quite useful but sometimes a bit hard to
understand. Suppose a known FT pair g t z is available in a
table. Suppose a new time function z(t) is formed with the same shape as
the spectrum z() (i.e. the function z(t) in the time domain is the same as
z() in the frequency domain). Then the FT of z(t) will be found to be
z t 2 g , which says that the F.T. of z(t) is the same shape as
g(t), with a multiplier of 2 and with substituted for t.
An example is helpful. Given the F.T. pair sgn(t ) 2 j , what is the
Fourier transform of x(t)=1/t? First, modify the given pair to
j 2sgn(t ) 1 by multiplying both sides by j/2. Then, use the duality
function to show that 1 t 2 j 2sgn j sgn j sgn .