OUR LAD Y OF THE PILLAR COLLEGE

GRADE SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

PHILIPPINE MEDICINAL PLANTS

(As approved by DOH)

Submitted by:

GIAN CARLO A. VELASCO

Grade II GALATIANS
SY 2009-2010

Submitted to:

Ms. CHARO LAYUGAN

Adviser
 Bawang, Bauang | Garlic (Allium sativum)

Bawang or Garlic with scientific name

Allium sativum, is a low herb, which only grows up to sixty centimeters high.
Its leaves are flat and linear, with bulbs that consist of several tubers. This
herb is one of the most widely used herbal medicines in the Philippines and
can also be found commonly in the kitchen of Filipino households as it is
used to spice up food preparations. The Philippine bawang or garlic variety is
more pungent than the imported ones. Its medicinal properties have been
known for a long time and have been especially proven during World War II
when it was used to treat wounds and infections of soldiers. Garlic’s
antibacterial compound known as allicin, saved many lives of the soldiers as
this property prevented the wounds from being infected and developing into
gangrene at a later stage by extracting the juice of bawang or garlic and
applying to the wounds.

Bawang, sometimes spelled as bauang or in English, garlic is known as

nature's antibiotic. Its juices inhibit the growth of fungi and viruses thus,
prevent viral, yeast, and infections. The preliminary test conducted on this
medicinal herb showed some positive results in the treatment of AIDS.
Several clinical tests that followed and published studies have shown the
efficacy of garlic in lowering cholesterol in the blood and is beneficial to the
circulatory system of the body. Today, as more research is done on garlic,
more medicinal and therapeutic properties become more evident. As of the
present time, lowering of the blood pressure, reduction of platelet
aggregation, and the boosting of fibrinolytic activities are among the list of
herbal functions of garlic, which is supported by medical findings. Although
more clinical studies are needed to support the contention stronger, marked
improvements in benign breast diseases have been traced to make progress
because of the regular intake of supplements, of which the primary
ingredient is garlic.

Although controlled trials in terms of anti-cancer activities of garlic have

been performed in medical research, it has been proven through population-
based studies that substances contain in garlic help in reducing the risk of
some types of cancer. These would include colorectal malignancies, and
gastric cancer. Regular consumption of raw garlic has been proven to aid in
many bleeding cases, especially those cases that are associated with
procedures in surgeries and dental activities. All these considered, it appears
that garlic have no concrete scientific basis to claim a significant effect in the
level of glucose in our blood. It is remarkable to note though that the
Philippine Department of Health has endorsed garlic as one of the top ten
Philippine herbs with therapeutic value and the department recommends its
use as an alternative herbal medicine in view of the positive results of
thorough research and testing, which had been conducted on this herbal
plant. Juice extracted from garlic bulbs can be used as tick and mosquito
repellant when applied to skin.

Bad breath, due to the strong odor of garlic, is the most common side effect
of taking this herb. Fresh garlic applications to the skin have been reported
to cause skin burns and rashes. This goes true both for those who are in the
initial stages of their garlic therapies, and those who consume it as an
ingredient in food preparations.

Health Benefits of Bawang-Garlic:

• Good for the heart • Helps relieve rheumatism pain

• Helps lower bad cholesterol
levels (LDL)
• Aids in lowering blood pressure
• Remedy for arteriosclerosis
• May help prevent certain types of
cancer
• Boosts immune system to fight
infection
• With antioxidant properties
• Cough and cold remedy
• Relives sore throat, toothache
• Aids in the treatment of
tuberculosis
• With anticoagulant properties
Preparation of Bawang-Garlic:
• For disinfecting wound, crush
and juice the garlic bulb and apply.
You may cover the afflicted area
with a gauze and bandage.
• For sore throat and toothache,
peal the skin and chew. Swallow
the juice.
• Cloves of garlic may be crushed
and applied to affected areas to
reduce the pain caused by arthritis,
toothache, headache, and
rheumatism.
• Decoction of the bawang bulbs
and leaves are used as treatment
for fever.
• For nasal congestion, steam and
inhale: vinegar, chopped garlic,
and water.

Aside from being an alternative herbal medicine for hypertension,

arteriosclerosis and other ailments, garlic is also recommended for
maintaining good health - eat raw garlic bulbs if you can, and include
bawang regularly in the food you eat. Garlic is healthy and taste good on a
variety of dishes.
 Herbal Medicine: Ampalaya (Momordica
charantia)

Ampalaya (Bitter Melon) with a

scientific name Momordica charantia, is a climbing vine and the tendrils of
which grow up to 20 centimeters long. This herbal plant belongs to the family
of Cucurbitaceae, and it is a tropical as well as a subtropical vine. Ampalaya
leaves are heart-shaped, which are 5 to 10 centimeters in diameter. The
fruits of the ampalaya vine are fleshy green with pointed ends at length. It
can never be mistaken for any other variety because its ribbed and wrinkled
surface had always been ampalaya’s distinct physical structure. The bitter
taste of the ampalaya fruit had also been the distinguishing factor from the
rest of the fruits with medicinal value, and this is due to the presence of a
substance known as momorcidin.

Ampalaya has been a folkloric cure for generations but has now been proven
to be an effective herbal medicine for many aliments. Most significant of
which is for Diabetes. The Philippine variety has proven to be most potent.
Ampalaya contains a mixture of flavanoids and alkaloids make the Pancreas
produce more insulin that controls the blood sugar in diabetics. Aside from
Ampalaya's medicinal value, it is good source of vitamins A, B and C, iron,
folic acid, phosphorous and calcium.

Ampalaya has been for used even by the Chinese for centuries. The
effectively of Ampalaya as an herbal medicine has been tried and tested by
many research clinics and laboratories worldwide. In the Philippines, the
Department of Health has endorsed Ampalaya as an alternative medicine to
help alleviate various ailments including diabetes, liver problems and even
HIV. Aside from these, ampalaya also helps treat skin diseases and cough. Its
herbal value extends to increasing the sterility of women, in parasiticide,
antipyretic, and has purgative functions, as well. Note: In large dozes, pure
Ampalaya juice can be a purgative and abortifacient.

Herbal Benefits of Ampalaya: Preparation & Use of Ampalaya:

• Good for rheumatism and gout
• And diseases of the spleen and
liver
• Aids in lowering blood sugar
levels
• Helps in lowering blood pressure
• Relives headaches
• Disinfects and heals wounds &
burns
• Can be used as a cough & fever
remedy
• Treatment of intestinal worms,
diarrhea
• Helps prevent some types of
cancer
• Enhances immune system to
fight infection
• For treatment of hemorrhoids
• Is an antioxidant and
parasiticide
• Is antibacterial and antipyretic
• For coughs, fever, worms,
diarrhea, diabetes, juice
Ampalaya leaves and drink a
spoonful daily.
• For other ailments, the fruit and
leaves can both be juiced and
taken orally.
• For headaches wounds, burns
and skin diseases, apply warmed
leaves to afflicted area.
• Powdered leaves, and the root
decoction, may be used as
stringent and applied to treat
hemorrhoids.
• Internal parasites are proven to
be expelled when the ampalaya
juice, made from its leaves, is
extracted. The ampalaya juice,
and grounded seeds is to be taken
one spoonful thrice a day, which
also treats diarrhea, dysentery,
and chronic colitis.
 Herbal Medicine: Bayabas or Guava
(Psidium guajava)

Bayabas or guava is a tropical

plant, which is locally known for its edible fruit. In the backyards of Filipino
homes in the country, this plant is commonly seen, and grown because of its
many uses as fruit and as traditional remedy to treat various ailments. As
shown by many research studies, almost all of the parts of this plant have
medicinal qualities and value, and thus, making it as one of the most popular
therapeutic plants in the Philippines. Bayabas is a small tree that can grow
up to 3 meters tall with greenish-brownish smooth bark. The round globular
bayabas fruit starts as a flower and is usually harvested and eaten while still
green. The fruit turns yellowish-green and soft when ripe.

The bayabas fruit bark and leaves are used as herbal medicine. Its leaves
decoction is recognized for its effectiveness to cure several ailments,
including the treatment of uterine hemorrhage, swollenness of the legs and
other parts of the body, of chronic diarrhea, and gastroenteritis, among
others. The most common use of the leaves is for cleaning and disinfecting
wounds by rinsing the afflicted area with a decoction of the leaves. In the
same way, such leaves are being used to aid in the treatment of dysentery
and the inflammation of the kidneys. The bark and leaves can be used as
astringent. It can also be used as a wash for uterine and vaginal problems,
and is good for ulcers. The medicinal uses of Bayabas appear infinite, as it is
also a suggested natural cure for fevers, diabetes, epilepsy, worms, and
spasms. The fruit, aside from being delicious, contains nutritional values with
a very high concentration of vitamin A and vitamin C.

Uses of Bayabas :

• Antiseptic, astringent & anthelminthic

• Kills bacteria, fungi and ameba
• Used to treat diarrhea, nosebleeding
• For Hypertension, diabetes and Asthma
• Promotes menstruation

The fresh leaves are used to facilitate the healing of wounds and cuts. A
decoction (boiling in water) or infusion of fresh leaves can be used for wound
cleaning to prevent infection. Bayabas is also effective for toothaches. Note:
Bayabas can cause constipation when consumed in excess.
Preparation:
• Boil one cup of Bayabas leaves in three cups of water for 8 to 10 minutes.
Let cool.
• Use decoction as mouthwash, gargle.
• Use as wound disinfectant - wash affected areas with the decoction of
leaves 2 to 3 times a day. Fresh leaves may be applied to the wound directly
for faster healing.
• For toothaches, chew the leaves in your mouth.
• For diarrhea, boil the chopped leaves for 15 minutes in water, and strain.
Let cool, and drink a cup every three to four hours.
• To stop nosebleed, densely roll Bayabas leaves, then place in the nostril
cavities.
 Carrot (Daucus carota L.)

Carrot (Karot in Filipino) is an

outstanding trait of this flowering plant, which belongs to the family of
Apiaceae, is that it is self-fertile. By nature, carrot's flowers have both male
and female organs, and are usually pollinated primarily by beetles and flies.
In order to facilitate the cultivation of this plant, it is necessary to place it in
an area where it can receive light. It has a strong rate of survival, because it
can withstand strong winds. However, the carrot plant cannot bear to be
exposed to salty water and soil. It is a biennial plant, which means that it
usually takes two years for it to complete its life cycle. However, it is not
uncommon for plants of this nature to complete its biological life cycle in a
few months time, especially when subjected to extreme climate conditions.

Carrot is classified as a root vegetable, which grows as tall as one (1) meter.
The wild carrot, from which the modern carrot’s cultivation is based, has
flowers that are rounded, which are bright white in color when it is in full
bloom. Such flowers have the width of 3 to 7 centimeters, and the vegetable
itself is known to have various colors, such as orange, red, purple, yellow or
white.

Carrots are extremely popular because of its numerous uses, and because of
the many vitamins and minerals that it contains. For instance, its roots are
edible, whether cooked or raw, and are used as an ingredient to soups and
salad bowls. It has been found that carrot root juice is very rich in carotene,
which in turn is converted to vitamin A by our liver, and is one of the
vitamins that the body needs. Regular intake of carrot roots, in any manner,
though recommended to be taken in juice form, improves eyesight.
Particular substances that are contained in the roots have been discovered
to be anti-cancer. That is the primary reason why carrot juice has become a
popular drink, as it is associated with a wealth of health benefits. The roots
of the carrot plant, when roasted, are also being used as a substitute for
coffee. Extractions from the roots, known as carotene, are also being used
commercially as a food dye. The leaves of this plant, which have high
vitamin E content, are also being used as flavorings for soup. From the
derived uses of this plant, it is evident that its roots, seeds, and leaves have
particular functions which are known to be utilized by many.

Carrots have been known to have medicinal properties that allow it to be

used as an astringent and antiseptic substance. Carrot has been used as a
cleansing medicine, because of its activities which basically helps the kidney
in the removal of waste in the body. It also aids in the stimulation of one’s
menstruation because of the same properties. For children, raw carrot roots
are a safe and recommended treatment for threadworms. In the same
manner, regular intake of cultivated carrot roots allows the stimulation of
urine flow. It manifests activities that help the skin, by virtue of its anti-
oxidant contents.

Carrot Health Benefits:

• Body cleanser, and is a medication for kidney problems
• Treatment for cough and chest pains
• Anti-inflammatory and antiseptic function helps solve burns, ulcer and
infected wounds
Preparation & Use:
• Boil with milk, and drink for cough
• Poultice of carrots may be applied to infected wounds and to the chest, in
case it is going to be used to aid in an individual’s chest pains
• Ground seeds of the plant may be taken as tea, in order to increase urine
flow
 Luyang Dilaw - Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

Luyang Dilaw, or Ginger Root (scientific name: Zingiber officinale) belongs to

the family of, as its scientific name signifies, Zingiberaceae. The rootstocks
of this erect, smooth plant are thick, and have strong aromatic qualities. Its
edible roots, tops, and even its leaves are found to have medicinal value.
The taste of luyang dilaw is distinct, brought about by the zingerone and
shogoal substances that it has, giving the plant its pungent properties. As an
herbal medicine, Luyang Dilaw has long been used as a cold, cough, fever,
and sore throat remedy.

Ginger helps in the digestion and absorption of food, lowering of cholesterol,

alleviating nausea and vomiting. Luyang dilaw has antifungal, antiseptic,
antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties as well. In the same way, it has
been found to contain potent anti-oxidant qualities, which come from the
extract and active constituents of the plant. These uses are separate and
distinct from the nutritional value of luyang dilaw.

The rhizomes of luyang dilaw is mainly associated as the main ingredient in a

very popular local beverage, which is salabat. Recent studies have shown
that luyang dilaw had been found with traces of antiemetic properties. Thus,
it is now being recommended to be taken half an hour before one’s travel to
avoid being travelsick and experience nausea during the voyage. Pregnant
women should take precautionary measures in taking luyang dilaw for
medicinal purposes although it has been proven that none of the plant’s
substances triggers adverse side effects, even when it interacts with other
drugs. This herbal plant is not recommended for expectant mothers for the
very reason that there is a possibility of inhibition of testosterones that binds
the fetus, as a result of some of the properties that luyang dilaw contains.

Medicinal Benefits of Luyang Dilao (Ginger Root):

• Relieves rheumatic pains & muscle pains

• Alleviates sore throat, fever and colds
• Ease nausea and vomiting
• Intestinal disorders and slow digestion
• Relief from tympanism and flatulence
• Treat intestinal worms
• Hinder diarrhea, gas pains
• Relieve indigestion (dyspepsia), toothaches
• Lower cholesterol levels
• Aids treatment of tuberculosis
Preparation & Use:
• Boil the ginger root in water and drink. The more concentrated the better.
• For sore throat and tooth ache, remove the skin and chew small portions.
• For cuts & bruises, apply the juice of luyang-dilao directly to the skin or use
dried rhizomes with 70% alcohol then apply to afflicted areas.
• For rheumatism and muscle pains, pound roasted or fresh ginger and apply
to painful areas -can be mixed with oil for easy application.
 Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn)

About Gumamela
Gumamela is a shrub that grows from one meter up to 4 meters high.
Gumamela is also known as: Hibiscus, China Rose and Shoeflower. In the
Philippines, gumamela is cultivated as an ornamental plant. The gumamela
flower comes in many colors: red, yellow, orange, white, purple, pink and
other color combinations.

Gumamela leaves, usually blended with Rose Hip has long been used in the
Middle East and Okinawa as herbal tea. Today, the use of gumamela tea is
gaining worldwide popularity - including Asia. Gumamela (Hibiscus) is
associated with longevity.

Gumamela as Herbal Medicine

As herbal medicine, gumamela flower, leaves and roots are used. Gumamela
has the following medicinal characteristics: expectorant, diuretic, emollient,
anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anodyne and refrigerant.

Preparation & Use of Gumamela:

There are two ways to utilize gumamela as herbal medicine. One is dried and
the other is fresh. For Dried gumamela, collect the flower, leaves and/or
roots. Wash, then cut into small pieces and sun dry. To use as decoction, boil
the dried gumamela parts (1/4 cup dried gumamela in 1 glass of water)
To make a decoction from fresh gumamela, Wash gumamela flower and/or
leaves, cut into small pieces and boil (1/3 cup in 1 glass of water), let cool
and drink.

Use Gumamela as Poultice:

Poultice is the use or fresh or dried herbs that is mashed, crushed or
pounded - often heated (boiled in water to soften and heat the herb) and
applied directly to the skin. A clean cloth or gauze can be used to help the
poultice stay in place.

Gumamela is used for the treatment of:

• Bronchitis - as an expectorant
• Coughs, sore throat
• Fever - as refrigerant drink
• Treats dysentery
• Urinary tract infection, bladder infections
• High blood pressure
• Prevention of constipation
• Headaches
• Boils, swelling & abscesses, mumps

Application & Use of Gumamela:

• Decoction is used to treat: Bronchitis, coughs, fever, dysentery, urinary
and bladder infections, high blood pressure and constipation.
• Poultice is applied externally on the afflicted area. This is used to treat:
headaches (on the forehead), boils, swelling, abscesses and mumps.
• Intake of gumamela (alone or mixed with papaya or papaya seeds)
specially in large quantities can be an abortifacient.
 Lagundi (Vitex negundo)

Lagundi (scientific name: Vitex

negundo) is a shrub that grows in the Philippines. It is one of the ten herbal
medicines endorsed by the Philippine Department of Health as an effective
herbal medicine with proven therapeutic value. Commonly known in the
Ilocos region as dangla, lagundi has been clinically tested to be effective in
the treatment of colds, flu, bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, and
pharyngitis. Studies have shown that Lagundi can prevent the body's
production of leukotrienes, which are released during an asthma attack.
Lagundi contains Chrysoplenol D, a substance with anti-histamine and
muscle relaxant properties. Even in Japan, lagundi is becoming recognized as
an effective herbal medicine, especially since researches have shown that it
contains properties that make it an expectorant and it has been reported to
function as a tonic as well. More than that, most of the parts of the lagundi
plant are associated with medicinal value.

The roots of this shrub are also used as treatment for rheumatism,
dyspepsia, boils, and leprosy. The leaves, flowers, seeds, and root of Lagundi
can all be used as herbal medicine. A decoction is made by boiling the parts
of the plant and taken orally. Today, Lagundi is available in capsule form and
syrup for cough. For its part, the flowers are recommended as a cardiac
tonic, as cure for liver diseases, and other internal disorders such as diarrhea
and cholera. The lagundi plant also has anti-inflammatory functions, and its
cooling effects are ideal as treatment for skin diseases such as leprosy
Plant Description: The Lagundi plant can grow up to five meters tall. It can
be described as a cross between a shrub and a tree with a single woody
stem (trunk). One of Lagundi's distinctive features is its pointed leaves with
five leaflets set like a hand.

Herbal Benefits of Lagundi:

• Relief of asthma & pharyngitis
• Recommended relief of rheumatism, dyspepsia, boils, diarrhea
• Treatment of cough, colds, fever and flu and other bronchopulmonary
disorders
• Alleviate symptoms of Chicken Pox
• Removal of worms, and boils
Preparation & Use:
• Boil half cup of chopped fresh or dried leaves in 2 cups of water for 10 to
15 minutes. Drink half cup three times a day.
• For skin diseases or disorders, apply the decoction of leaves and roots
directly on skin.
• The root is specially good for treating dyspepsia, worms, boils, colic and
rheumatism.
A decoction (boiling in water) of the roots and leaves of Lagundi are applied
to wounds, and used as aromatic baths for skin diseases. Boiled seeds are
eaten in order to prevent the spreading of toxins and venom from bites of
poisonous animals. Juice extracted from the flowers of lagundi is taken in as
an aid for disorders like fever, diarrhea, liver disorders, and even cholera.
While a decoction of the plant leaves is suggested to be taken by individuals
to help increase the flow and production of milk, as well as to induce
menstruation.
 Malunggay (Moringa oleifera Lam.)

The malunggay plant is known to different parts of the world under various
names including, but not limited to, horseradish tree, drumstick tree, and
dool in some regions. It is one of the more popular and publicized plant that
is acknowledged to have nutritional, as well as, medicinal value. Fortunately,
the plant is easily accessible as it can be found not only as part of the wild
life, but also in the backyards of many Filipino homes. Malunggay proves to
be a low-maintenance plant to grow, and is able to propagate in almost all
kinds of soil. Most of the parts of the malunggay had been proven to be
useful, both for consumption and for its preparation as a medicinal plant. Its
flowers, leaves and young pods are associated and perceived to be
important because of the health benefits that it provides.

The malunggay plant, which belongs to the Moringaceae family, can grow as
high as nine meters. The bark of this tree has a gummy quality in it, and
when peered closely, is comprised of white wood that is soft in nature. It
derives one of its names, horseradish, from the taste of its roots. The
malunggay leaves, which are used in certain Filipino viands, have a very
distinct shape that makes it easily recognizable. They are circular, thin
sheets that are attached to a main stalk. The malunggay flowers are white
fragrances that produce the pods, which are also used for medicinal
purposes.

Health Benefits of Malunggay

As have been mentioned earlier, there are various parts of the malunggay
plant which are being used for health reasons. For one, the leaves of this
plant proved to be a good source of calcium, iron, ascorbic acid and
phosphorus. Its other parts such as the seeds, the young pods, and the
flowers have been established to benefit individuals as far as anti-oxidant,
anti-diabetic, circulatory stimulations, and such other activities that are most
beneficial to mankind, are concerned. There have been claims that
malunggay can be used to lower blood pressure, aid in pains caused by
rheumatism, headaches and migraines, as well as its being an anti-tumor
plant. Malunggay is also used for purgative and anti-fungal purposes, as well.
All these prove the claim that this plant is indeed multi-purpose.
There are various ways to derive the benefits from malunggay plant. Aside
from the natural and direct means, wherein one is going to prepare the
concoctions at home by picking the necessary parts from the plant itself, one
can also purchase the commercial extractions of malunggay. There are
malunggay capsules that are now available in the market, which contain
250mg dried young leaves of the malunggay plant. In the same way, there
are commercial oil extracts of the malunggay flowers which are also in the
market. Because of the popularity that has been associated with this plant,
commercial establishments have exploited the malunggay’s marketable
qualities. For simple preparations however, as when the concoction would be
used for uncomplicated ailments like hiccups, as a means to end
constipation, or as wound cleanser, one may eat the cooked leaves of the
malunggay plant during his last meals of the day. This should be
accompanied by water, especially when the ailment to be addressed is
constipation. Now, as wound cleanser, the leaves may be crushed and
applied to the affected area directly. In all instances, cleanliness should be
observed to avoid complications.
 Oregano (Origanum vulgare)

Oregano (Scientific name: Origanum vulgare) is also known as Wild

Marjoram, Mountain Mint, Origanum, Wintersweet and Winter Marjoram. This
erectly spreading plant has strong aromatic characteristics, with leaves and
stems that are fleshy. The leaves of oregano are heart-shaped, with toothed
edges, and which, grow for up to 9 meters in length. In other countries, the
plant is primarily used as a culinary ingredient. However, in countries like the
Philippines, Oregano is a known herbal medicine for its strong anti-oxidant
properties. Oregano contains a rosmarinic acid compound, thymol, and
carvacrol that are responsible for its anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-
oxidant, anti-fungal and anti-viral properties. Oregano also contains
flavinoids, triterpenoids, sterols, vitamin C, and vitamin A. Its anti-bacterial
properties have been proven by recent studies to treat infections of the
reproductive tracts, and which make it ideal to be given to women who have
just given birth.

The volatile oils in oregano and its properties are believed to be responsible
for slowing the process of spoilage of food and thus minimizing the risk of
ingesting harmful bacteria, parasites and fungi.

The anti-oxidant properties of oregano helps fight free radicals in the body
that cause cellular damage and accelerate ageing. Free radicals are believed
to be involved with many degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis,
atherosclerosis and heart diseases, to name a few.

The most useful parts of this plant are its leaves. The extracts and juices of
such are used for asthma, dyspepsia, chronic coughs, bronchitis, and
rheumatism. Ear aches have also been proven to be cured by the infusion
prepared from its leaves. The leaves relieve painful swellings, boils, and
sprains, when their poultices are applied directly to the affected area.
Health Benefits of Oregano:

• Good for cough and cold relief

• Helps prevent degenerative arthritis
• Has Anti-aging properties
• Helps relieve rheumatism and osteoarthritis
• Bronchitis herbal remedy
• Ease asthma attacks
• Relieves upset stomach
• Treatment of urinary tract problems
• Relief for dyspepsia or indigestion
• Healing wounds, insect bites & stings
• Cure for sore throat
• Avoid infections caused by childbirth by taking decoctions of the leaves by
the recent mother.
• For general good health
Preparation of Oregano Leaves:

• Boil one cup of fresh leaves in 3 cups of water for 10 to 15 minutes. Drink
half a cup 3 times a day for common colds.
• For a concentrate, juice the oregano leaves and take 1 tablespoon every
hour to relieve chronic coughs, rheumatism, bronchitis, asthma, and
dyspepsia.
• For Insect bites, wounds and stings, apply the leaves as a poultice directly
on the afflicted area.
• For sore throat, boil 2 tablespoonfuls of dried oregano leaves in a pint of
water, take 2 hours before or after meals.
• To prevent degenerative arthritis & for general good health drink oregano
decoction daily.
 Pandan (Pandanus tectorius)
Fragrant Screw Pine

The pandan tree grows as tall as 5 meters, with erect, small branches.
Pandan is also known as Fragrant Screw Pine. Its trunk bears plenty of prop
roots. Its leaves spirals the branches, and crowds at the end. Its male
inflorescence emits a fragrant smell, and grows in length for up to 0.5
meters. The fruit of the pandan tree, which is usually about 20 centimeters
long, are angular in shape, narrow in the end and the apex is truncate. It
grows in the thickets lining the seashores of most places in the Philippines. In
various parts of the world, the uses of this plant are very diverse. Some
countries concentrate on the culinary uses of pandan, while others deeply
rely on its medicinal values. For instance, many Asians regard this food as
famine food. Others however mainly associate pandan with the flavoring and
nice smell that it secretes.

In the Philippines, pandan leaves are being cooked along with rice to
incorporate the flavor and smell to it. As can be observed, the uses of the
pandan tree are not limited to cooking uses. Its leaves and roots are found to
have medicinal benefits. Such parts of the plant have been found to have
essential oils, tannin, alkaloids and glycosides, which are the reasons for the
effective treatment of various health concerns. It functions as a pain reliever,
mostly for headaches and pain caused by arthritis, and even hangover. It can
also be used as antiseptic and anti-bacterial, which makes it ideal for healing
wounds. In the same manner, a preparation derived from the bark of this
plant may be used to address skin problems. Many people have also
discovered that it is an effective remedy for cough. In India, pandan leaves
are being used to treat skin disorders like leprosy and smallpox. The bitter
tasting quality of the leaves makes it ideal for health problems which
include, but are not limited to, diabetes fever, ulcer and wounds. In Hawaii,
pandan flowers are being chewed by mothers who later give the chewed
flowers to their children, as laxative. The juice extracted from pounded roots
of this tree is used and mixed with other ingredients to ease chest pains.
Also, it is used as tonic for women who have just given birth and who are still
in weak states. Pandan flowers have also been traced with characteristics
that function as aphrodisiac. Pandan also manifests anti-cancer activities,
and that is why modern researches in the United States have subjected this
plant for further experiments and investigation.
Pandan Health Benefits:

• Treats leprosy, smallpox and wounds.

• Helps reduce fever
• Solves several skin problems
• Relives headache and arthritis
• Treatment for ear pains
• Functions as a laxative for children
• Eases chest pains
• Helps in speeding up the recuperation of women who have just given birth
and are still weak
• Pandan reduces stomach spasms and strengthens the gum.
Preparation & Use of Pandan:

• Decoction of the bark may be taken as tea, or mixed with water that is to
be used in bathing, in order to remedy skin problems, cough, and urine-
related concerns.
• Apply pulverized roots of pandan to affected wound areas to facilitate
healing.
• The anthers of the male flowers are used for earaches, headaches and
stomach spasms.
• Chew the roots to strengthen the gum.
• Extract oils and juices from the roots and flowers are used in preparing the
decoction to relieve pains brought about by headache and arthritis.
 Pansit-Pansitan (Peperomia pellucida Linn.)
a.k.a. Ulasiman-Bato

Pansit-pansitan (family: Piperaceae) is an herbal medicine also known as Ulasiman-

bato, olasiman-ihalas & tangon-tangon in the Philippines. English name: peperomia.
It is a small herb that grows from 1 to 1 1/2 feet. Pansit-pansitan can be found wild
on lightly shaded and damp areas such as nooks, walls, yards and even roofs.
Pansit-pansitan has heart shaped leaves, succulent stems with tiny flowers on a
spike. When matured, the small fruits bear one seed which fall of the ground and
propagate.

The leaves and stalk of pansit-pansitan are edible. It can be harvested, washed and
eaten as fresh salad. Taken as a salad, pansit-pansitan helps relive rheumatic pains
and gout. An infusion or decoction (boil 1 cup of leaves/stem in 2 cups of water) can
also be made and taken orally - 1 cup in the morning and another cup in the
evening.

For the herbal treatment of skin disorders like abscesses, pimples and boils, pound
the leaves and/or the stalks and make a poultice (boil in water for a minute or two
then pounded) then applied directly to the afflicted area. Likewise a decoction can
be used as a rinse to treat skin disorders.

For headaches, heat a couple of leaves in hot water, bruise the surface and apply on
the forehead. The decoction of leaves and stalks is also good for abdominal pains
and kidney problems.
Like any herbal medicine it is not advisable to take any other medication in
combination with any herbs. Consult with a medical practitioner knowledgeable in
herbal medicine before any treatment.
Pansit-pansitan is used as an herbal medicine for the treatment of:
 • Arthritis
• Gout
• Skin boils, abscesses, pimples
• Headache
• Abdominal pains
• kidney problems
 Sabila | Aloe Vera
(Aloe barbadensis miller liquid)

Sabila or Aloe Vera holds the scientific name, Aloe barbadensis miller liquid. It is an herb,
which is known mainly for its cosmetic functions. However, this plant is also rich in substances
that aid in several illnesses and ailments. The aloe vera plant has been found to have great
contributions to health, both internally and externally. Research studies have shown that it has
properties comprising of inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, regenerative, and anti-bacterial functions.

Preparations made with aloe vera as the primary ingredient have been effective in reducing pain
and allergies. In the same way, some of its properties are responsible for cell regeneration that
causes close cuts and hemorrhages to heal easily and more rapidly. Its purgative properties,
brought about by the existence of six antiseptic agent substances in the plant (that is, cinnamic
acid, lupeol, sulphur, salicylic acid, phenol and urea nitrogen), make it ideal in eradicating
parasites, harmful bacteria, and fungi in the intestinal tracts. Sabila can be used externally for the
treatment of acne, pimple burns, insect bites, and for moisturizing and hydrating the skin.

The herbal properties of Sabila is able to penetrate the inner parts of the body, and specifically
targets joints, tendons, and muscles, and helps in the promotion and growth of new tissues. Aloe
vera or Sabila contains vitamins B1, B2, B6, vitamin C, choline, niacin amide and 18 amino
acids. You can mix the Aloe Vera extract with fruit juice and other drinks. Aloe Vera is also an
anti-oxidant in which, it prevents oxidation of certain fats and gene cells, preventing ailing
conditions like tumors and cancers. Since it is an anti-oxidant, it has anti-aging properties. It also
reduces free radicals, which can damage the arteries. Aside from being an herbal medicine, Aloe
Vera is good for the health and can be taken internally, or applied externally.
Medicinal Benefits of Aloe Vera:

• Treatment of acne, pimples & psoriasis

• Analgesic properties for inflammation of skin
• Helps reduce high blood pressure
• Anti-aging properties
• Heals insect bites, minor burns & sunburns
• Arthritis, diabetes
• Eradicates intestinal bacteria and parasites
• Helps prevent cancer & tumors
• Eases Constipation
• Antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic and antibiotic properties
Preparation & Use:

• For treatment of skin inflammation, acne, pimple, insect bites, scalds (minor burns) etc.,
remove the skin of a leaf then rub Sabila (Aloe Vera) juice on your skin (may be mixed with
coconut oil) and leave for at least 30 minutes.
• The poultices of the aloe vera leaves may be applied directly to contusions.
• For hypertension, arthritis, diabetes, intestinal parasites, constipation etc., remove the skin and
take internally. The jell liquefies a after a few minutes and can be mixed with other drinks.
 Saluyot or Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.)

Saluyot, also known as jute, is a green leafy vegetable that is rich in calcium,
phosphorus, iron and potassium. It has also been determined that 100 grams
of saluyot contains an ample amount of Vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin,
ascorbic acid, and is also rich in fiber. With these facts alone, we can
appreciate the benefits that can be derived from eating and incorporating
saluyot in one’s diet. This vegetable also assures safety of intake even for
pregnant mothers. Unlike other plants with medicinal benefits like
makabuhay, it is safe to be eaten even by those which are medically
considered to be in a weak state. Saluyot can be found basically everywhere.
From warm, tropical countries like the Philippines to tropical deserts and wet
forest zones, saluyot is abundant. It does not require much attention and
care, and thus, thrives without cultivation the whole year round.

Preparation and Health Benefits of Saluyot

Because the saluyot or jute plant is by nature a vegetable, it is easy to

prepare and can be incorporated to various dishes that would allow
individuals to benefit from its vitamins and mineral content. Since it can be
found easily, there are a lot of local viands and/or dishes that use saluyot as
an ingredient. For instance, the Ilocanos use saluyot in their preparation of
dinengdeng and bulangbulang. Fried saluyot are also mixed with sautéed
bamboo shoots and dried beans. Other dishes include, but are not limited to
chicken viands, wherein saluyot are mixed in either sautéed or pureed form.
It is also integrated in mongo dishes, and in soups.
Although some dislikes the slimy character of saluyot, its benefits are worth
enduring the slimy character of this vegetable. Its vitamin content is good for
eyesight, as the vegetable contains beta-carotene. Its iron and calcium
content necessarily aids a person in maintaining strong bones and teeth, and
a healthy count of red blood cells. Saluyot has been used to reduce wrinkles,
as it also contains anti-oxidant substances. Studies have also shown that
saluyot can be used for anti-inflammatory treatment. It is to be noted that
saluyot has been used traditionally to address concerns related to
inflammation and pain, and the results of recent studies confirmed the
validity of such traditional practice. In the same manner, saluyot has also
been connected with curing the chronic inflammation of the urinary bladder.
To prepare its medical decoction, an individual is advised to eat dishes and
soups that contain saluyot. As to the dosage or the amount of intake that
one should have, recent studies have not been able to establish this yet.

The Philippine Department of Health advises the public to increase their

intake of this particular vegetable, to include malunggay and banana as well,
in order to build resistance against the threat of swine flu. The DOH
encourages this because its vitamins and mineral content, as have been
mentioned earlier, would fortify one’s defenses against communicable
diseases, which includes the widespread and dreaded disease. It is a good
thing, therefore, that no other separate preparation is needed in order to
experience and enjoy saluyot's benefits.
 Tanglad | Lemon Grass
(Andropogon citratus DC)

Tanglad or lemon grass is a commercially-viable plant that is cultivated mainly for the fragrance
that it produces. It can be easily found in most Asian countries, and is widely cultivated in
tropical areas. By nature, tanglad is a permanent or perennial plant, and the benefits of which are
not restricted to its fragrance. The utility of tanglad basically lies in its leaves, where all the
benefits are derived. What can be seen of this plant are mainly its leaves, which allows easy
access to the main part that is needed in order to enjoy tanglad's health benefits. It constitutes
most of what appears of this plant above ground, as the leaves grow up to one meter in length,
and are flat in shape.

Health Benefits of Lemon Grass | Tanglad

Studies show that tanglad helps ease stomach discomforts and aids in lessening, if
not totally curing, the pain caused by toothache and sprain. Lemon grass also
displays anti-bacterial activities and anti-fungal properties, thus, eradicates ring
worms. Like malunggay, lemon grass can also be applied to sprains for easy
healing. In order to enjoy these benefits of tanglad, one needs to prepare a
liniment. This can be done by chopping four ounces of the leaves and roots of
tanglad and boiling them, along with fresh coconut oil. If it is infusion that an
individual wishes to achieve, use one pint of water to boil the tanglad leaves with.
The lemon grass plant may also serve as an insect repellant, particularly of
mosquitoes. One can achieve an effect to this end either by applying liniment, or by
placing crushed tanglad leaves in strategic places at home including the window
sills. It is also an option to plant tanglad around the house so that placement of
crushed leaves would no longer be needed.
Another health benefit which can be derived from tanglad, is the calming effect
derived from its scent. Thus, lemon grass can aid an individual if such person is
suffering from insomnia or stress. The plant also has therapeutic value, which allows
it to be used by women who are suffering from menstrual problems or
dysmenorrhoea, and from usual bouts of nausea. Tanglad also has cleansing
properties, which makes it a good option to detoxify the various internal organs, like
the liver. Lemon grass reduces the level of uric acid and of other toxins, as it
detoxifies the body. This can result to better blood circulation and better digestion,
as excess fats and cholesterol are cut down from the body. When taken in, tanglad
affects the tissues in such a manner that there would be a significant reduction and
avoidance of acne and pimples. Also, it tones the muscles and the tissues, and thus
makes the skin firmer.

Like saluyot, exposure of an individual to the benefits of tanglad is greatly increased

because of the nature with which it can be used. As saluyot can be taken in as part
of one’s usual viand and dish, tanglad’s properties on the other hand, allows it to be
used as food flavorings. Lemon grass is incorporated in a multitude of Asian cuisines
and dishes, and in the Philippines it is even made part of commercial beverages. So
aside from the oil that can be extracted from lemon grass leaves, the fluid that is
obtained from the boiled leaves of this plant proves to have medicinal purposes as
well. Such lemon grass leaves can also be used in its raw form by mixing directly
with the food before it is served. Such dishes include, and are especially good, when
the primary ingredient is fish or poultry. Besides the health benefits, tanglad
balances the chili flavorings in dishes, which makes eating a more enjoyable
experience.
 Tsaang Gubat or Wild Tea (Ehretia
microphylla Lam.)

Tsaang Gubat is one of the 10 herbs that is endorsed the Philippine Department of
Health (DOH) as an antispasmodic for abdominal (stomach) pains. And is registered
as a herbal medicine at the Philippine Bureau of Food & Drug (BFAD).

Tsaang Gubat is a shrub (small tree) that grows (from 1 to 5 meters) abundantly in
the Philippines. In folkloric medicine, the leaves has been used as a disinfectant
wash during child birth, as cure for diarrhea, as tea for general good heath and
because Tsaang Gubat has high fluoride content, it is used as a mouth gargle for
preventing tooth decay. Research and test now prove it's efficacy as an herbal
medicine. Aside from the traditional way of taking Tsaag Gubat, it is now available
commercially in capsules, tablets and tea bags.

Tsaang Gubat is also knows as: Wild Tea, Forest Tea, Alibungog (Visayas Region),
Putputai (Bicol Region) and Maragued (Ilocos Region). Scientific name: Ehretia
Microphylla Lam.

Health Benefits of Tsaang Gubat: • Thoroughly wash the leaves of

• Stomach pains tsaang gubat in running water. Chop
• Gastroenteritis to a desirable size and boil 1 cup of
• Intestinal motility chopped leaves in 2 cups of water.
• Dysentery Boil in low heat for 15 to 20 minutes
• Diarrhea or Loose Bowel Movement and drain.
(LBM) • Take a cupful every 4 hours for
• Mouth gargle diarrhea, gastroenteritis and stomach
• Body cleanser/wash pains.
• Gargle for stronger teeth and
Preparation & Use: prevent cavities.
• Drink as tea daily for general good
health.
 Philippine Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)

VCO is now getting global reputation as the healthiest and versatile oil in the world.
The Philippines is one of the best sources of virgin coconut oil and it's popularity in
the country is legendary. Although not an herb, we decided to make an article about
VCO because of the growing interest on the oil and after receiving several inquiries
from our visitors.

Virgin coconut oil and regular coconut oil is rich in Lauric Acid, an essential fatty
acid that is only found in high concentrations in mother's milk. When taken
internally, Lauric Acid turns into a compound known as Monolaurin. It is this
compound that is believed to fight viral pathogens that protects the body from
bacteria, viruses and infections from parasites. Coconut oil also causes the
metabolic rate to increase, hence helps reduce weight and is safe and beneficial for
diabetics.

For many years, coconut oil has been discredited (specially in the west) because of
it's high saturated fat content. But recent studies have shown that not all saturated
fats are the same. The medium chain triglycerides of which virgin coconut oil is
classified, does not elevate LDL (the bad cholesterol) in our body compared to other
polyunsaturated vegetable oils such as canola and sunflower oil which is widely
produced in the west.

How Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is Made

First, the husk and the shell is removed from fresh coconuts, then the meat of the
coconut is shredded -a process called "Wet Milled", then the meat is "Cold Pressed"
to get the coconut milk without any chemicals. The milk is then fermented in
containers for a day or two. After which, oil is produced. This oil is carefully filtered
and separated from the curd. You now have what is called, virgin coconut oil. A
more modern way of separating the oil from the curd is through centrifugal force.
The second method of producing virgin coconut oil (VCO) is using quick dried
coconut meat and then processed in the same way. But the preferred manner by
most is still the "Wet Milled" process.

Difference between Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) and Regular (RBD) Coconut
Oil.

RBD stands for Refined, Bleached, and Deodorized. Ordinary coconut oil usually
comes from copra - coconut meat that is dried by either smoke, kiln or placing
under the sun. Because the process itself is not sanitized, the oil must be further
refined. To get more oil from copra, chemicals are usually used. RBD process is
required to make the oil clear, odor free and tasteless. This procedure also removes
the anti-oxidant and other properties of the oil. Some coconut oils are also
hydrogenated which increases the serum cholesterol levels and thus is bad for the
heart.

While virgin coconut oil, being pure, unadulterated and unhydrogenated retains it's
pleasant coconut taste, smell and all the health benefits of coconut oil.

Much research still has to be done on the benefits of virgin coconut oil but
preliminary findings and anecdotal reports are very promising. This may well be the
much needed medicine to restore to health the ailing Philippine coconut industry.
 Yerba Buena (Clinopodium douglasii)

Yerba Buena is an herb of the mint family. It is an aromatic plant used as herbal medicine
worldwide. This perennial plant’s growth ranges from 0.6 meters to 1 meter. It has elongated
leaves and in summers, it bears small whitish or purplish flowers. Such flowers possess both
male and female organs that allow it to be pollinated by bees and animals of the same nature.
The word Yerba Buena is Spanish for "good herb" and was the former name of the California
city of San Francisco.

Before its medicinal value has been recognized, Yerba Buena was first used as an ingredient in
numerous cuisines. It became popular because of its distinctively strong spearmint flavor, thus
making it ideal for salads. The leaves are the source of this flavor, and they may be added to
viands and meals, either raw or cooked. It has also been effective to drive away rats and other
rodents, because of its strong smell of mint that it emits. Thus, besides its medicinal value, it has
long been recognized to have strong commercial demand due to the variety of uses that the plant
have.

Yerba Buena has been consumed for centuries as tea and herbal medicine as a pain reliever
(analgesic). Native American Indians used it even before the "white men" colonized the
Americas. Today, this folk medicine's efficacy has been validated by scientific research. In the
Philippines, Yerba Buena is one of the 10 herbs endorsed by the Department of Health (DOH) as
an effective alternative medicine for aches and pains. It has been recognized for its antiseptic,
anti-cancer, diuretic, anti-spasm, anti-emetic activities. Properties of this herbal plant are also
found to function as stimulant and to have restorative effects.

As an herbal medicine, a decoction (boil leaves then strain) of Yerba Buena is effective for
minor ailments such as headaches, toothaches, and joint pains. It can also relive stomachaches
due to gas buildup and indigestion. The fresh and dried leaves can both be used for the
decoction. And because Yerba Buena belongs to the mint family, soaking fresh leaves in a glass
of water (30 to 45 minutes) makes a good and effective mouth wash for a clean, fresh smelling
breath.
Yerba Buena may be used to treat:

• Arthritis
• Head aches
• Tooth aches
• Mouth wash
• Relief of intestinal gas
• Stomach aches
• Indigestion
• Drink as tea for general good health.
Preparation & Use:

• Wash fresh Yerba Buena leaves in running water. Chop to size for dried leaves, crush) and boil
2 teaspoons of leaves in a glass of water. Boil in medium heat for 15 to 20 minutes.
• As analgesic, take a cupful every 3 hours.
• For tooth aches, pound the fresh leaves, squeeze juice out and apply on a cotton ball then bite
on to the aching tooth.
• Yerba buena leaves may be heated over fire and placed over the forehead for headaches.
Stems of Yerba Buena may be crushed and applied directly to bruises. Folkloric use include
poultice preparation and the oil extracts from its stems are suggested to be a remedy for
cancerous tumors. Caution should be observed in taking this herbal medicine as it can be toxic in
large doses.