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Tanker
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A tanker is ship that is

designed to transport liquids in bulk. Tankers, like other ship types, are today
highly specialized and exists in number of varieties and sizes. From small self
propelled barges up to ULCC (ultra large crude carrier). An example of what
Tankers are designed to carry is: crude oil, Petroleum, liquefied natural
gas, liquefied petroleum gas, Bitumen, molasses, wine and chemicals (i.e.
ammonia, chlorine). The tanker segment represents about 30% of the worlds total
merchant fleet.
Tanker size and classes
Petroleum tankers are categorized into the following classed that determines theirs
size in DWT (Dead Weight Tons).
Seawaymax: DWT 10 000 60 000
Panamax: DWT 60 000 80 000
Aframax: DWT 80 000 120 000
Suezmax: DWT 120 000 200 000
VLCC (very large crude carrier): DWT 200 000 315 000
ULCC (ultra large crude carrier): DWT 315 000 520 000
Tanker Design and Types
Design
The design of Tanker ship is similar to a Bulker with the exception that the cargo
holds have been replaced with tanks. Machinery either two our four stroke engines
depending on size and design of the vessel. In most cases HFO (heavy fuel oil) is
used as fuel for propulsion but in some cases (like on LNGs) natural gas is used
instead of HFO. Design speed of the vessels is normally between 10 18 knots.
For on- and offloading of the vessel tankers are equipped with a cargo pump
system that is closely monitored due to risk of fire.
Asphalt/Bitumen Carriers
Are ships that specially designed to carry asphalt/bitumen products. Characteristics
of those ship is that they are designed with floating tanks which means that the
tanks are allowed to expand due to high temperature of the product they carry, up
to 260C. Tanks are sometimes insulated to minimize heat losses. Size of a
bitumen carrier is in the smaller segment (<10 000 DWT) typically between 1 000
6 000 DWT.
Bunker Tanker
Is a ship designed to supply fuel to ships offshore. Bunker tanker are smaller
vessels from 100 5 000 dwt and the design is the sames as product tankers.
Crude Oil Tanker
Crude oil tankers are dedicated to transport crude

oil from offshore oil plants

(oil platforms) or oil fields to refineries. Ships in this category falls belongs to the
real giants of the sea and the worlds largest ships could be found among crude
oil tankers. The Seawise Giant, later the Happy Giant, Jahre Viking and Knock
Nevis is the longest ship ever build it measured 458 meter long and 68 meter wide
(beam), draght of 24,6 and depth 29,8 meters. It had a capacity of 564 763 DWT
and top speed 16knots. From top speed to stop it required 8 000 meters or 5 1/2
mile. The ship is not in service anymore as it was scrapped in 2010.
LNG/LPG
ships that specially designed to transport liquefied gas please click here for more
information about this ship type
Product Tankers
Is a ship designed for transporting refined products from the refineries such

Tanker | shippipedia

http://www.shippipedia.com/ships/ship-types/tanker/

Chemical Tanker
Is a ship that is designed to transport different kinds of chemicals but are also able
to transport the same products as the Product Tanker. A chemical tanker is in most
cases more advanced than the Product Tanker when comes to the cargo handling
system as have to avoid mixing of the products it is transporting.
Other Tankers
Apart from whats been described above there a number of specialized tankers like
Wine tanker, Fruit Juice Tanker, Water Tanker, Sulphur Tankers and Storage
Tanker.
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