12th Physics Additional Questions (Vol 1)

BHARATHIDASANAR MATRICULATION
HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL,

ARAKKONAM.
12th STANDARD PHYSICS ADDITIONAL
QUESTIONS
ADDITIONAL 1 MARK QUESTIONS WITH KEY
ANSWERS
VOLUME - I
Created by
Department of Physics
Ph: 91-9380899694
BHARATHIDASANAR MATRIC HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, ARAKKONAM_12th Physics Additional Questions
1.ELECTROSTATICS
1.When a glass slab in introduced between two charged spheres, the force
between them
a) in increases
b) remains same
c) is reduced
d) is increased or decreased, depending on the thickness of slab
2.Two charged spheres A and B are separated by a distance. If a third
charged sphere C is brought near to them , then the force between A and B
a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains same
d) either increases or decreases depending on nature of charge in C.
3.Two point charge +3C are separated by a distance of 0.4m . Where
should a third charge +2C be placed from +3C .So that it experience s
zero force.
a) 0.4m
b) 0.5m
c) 0.2m
d) 0.1m
4.Two charges 250C and 120C placed 15mm apart in medium repel each
other with 105N. Then the value of dielectric constant.
a) 14
b) 16
c) 13
d) 12
5.Charges 1mC, 0.5mC, -1mC -0.5mC are placed at four corners of square
ABCD of sides1.414m. The electric field at the centre of the square must
be
a) 95x106 NC-1 along AB
b) 35x106 NC-1 along BC
c) 35x106 NC-1 along AB
d) 95x106 NC-1 along BC
6.Two point charges +8C and +4C repel each other with a force 16N.If a
charge of -6C is given to each other , what will be the force now,
a) 4N(attractive) b)4N(repulsive) c) 2N(repulsive) d) 2N(attractive)
7.In an microwave oven ,heat is produced due to
a) oscillating of water molecule b)oscillating torque on water molecules
c) molecular reaction of current by thermodynamic heating
d)breaking of bonds in water molecule
8.If a proton is moved against the coulomb force of electric field
a) work is done by electric field b) energy is supplied from outside source
c) energy of proton is decreased d) strength of electric field decreased
2
9.Two point charges 8C and 2C are separated by a distance of 9 cm. The

point where the electric field becomes zero is
a) 6 cm from 8C b) 3 cm from 2C c) 3 cm from 8C d) both(a)and (b)
10.Two ideal spheres of charges8C and -4C are 0.02 m apart. They are
brought in conduct and then replaced to their original position, the ratio
of force between them before and after contact is
a) 4:1
b) 1:8
c) 1:4
d) 8:1
11.Two protons repel each other with a force of 22.5 N ,the distance of
separation is
a) 3.2x10-12 m
b) 3.2x10-14 m
c) 3.2x10-15 m
d) 3.2A0
12.How a charge of 9C is divided into two parts to have a maximum force of
repulsion when separated by certain distance
a) 6C,3C
b) 8C,1C
c) 5C,4C
d) 7C,2C
13.The force between two charges in vacuum is 0.1N. What is the force if
the vacuum is replaced by a medium of permittivity 10 times vacuum,
a) 1N
b) 0.01N
c) 10N
d) 0.001 N
14.The ratio of electric field intensities at a distance r from the centre of a
small dipole along axial and equatorial line is
a) 1:2
b) 1:4
c) 4:1
d) 2:1
-20
15.A body charged to 4.8x10 C by applying a potential difference of
500 mV. This is
a) true because body can store charge
b) false , because potential difference applied is not enough
c) false, because charge must be integral multiple of electron
d) true, because charge is directly proportional to potential difference.
16.Two point charges separated by distance d1exerts force F1 and distance
d2 the force is F2 , then,
a) F1d2 = F2d12 b) F12 d1 = F2d22
c) F12 d2 = F22 d1 d) F1d12 = F22 d22
17.The effective capacitances of two capacitors connected in parallel is equal
to the
a)product of the capacitances
b) differences between the capacitors
c) the ratio between the capacitance
d) sum of the capacitances
18.The force of attraction between two spheres of charge q and -q is F. If
two spheres are brought into contact and then separated to twice the
previous distance the force now,
3
a) F/2
b) F/4
c) 4F
d) zero
19.Work done for rotating the dipole in an electric field is
a) kinetic energy b) potential energy c) total energy d)each of these
20.Which one is the application of electric potential energy of an electric
dipole in electric field
a) capacitor b) inductor
c) room heater d) microwave oven
21.The negative gradient of potential gives the magnitude of the
a) electric field
b) magnetic field c) magnetic flux d) electric flux
22.The quantity which is same at all points in an equipotential surface is
a) potential b) current
c) charge d) mass
23.The equipotential surfaces of an isolated point charge are
a) concentric spheres
b) square c) cylindrical d) triangle
24.Work done in moving a point charge between two points on an
equipotential surface is
a) zero
b) one
c) maximum
d) minimum
25.Electric field lines are to an equipotential surface
a)normal
b) parallel
c) 450
d) zero
26.The equipotential surfaces for a uniform electric field are
a) parallel planes
b) tangential planes
c) normal planes
d)cleavage planes
27.The work done in moving 500C charge between two points on
equipotential surface is
a) zero b) finite ,positive
c) finite , negative
d) infinite negative
28.A charge Q is placed at the centre of a cube. The electric flux through all
the 6 faces of the cube is
a) Q/60
b) Q/80
c) Q/0
d) zero
29.Capacitor stores
a) magnetic energy
b) chemical energy
c) electrical energy
d)heat energy
30.A hallow insulated conducting sphere is given by a positive charge of
10 C. What will be the electric field at the centre of the sphere, if its
radius is 2m?
a) zero
b) 5 C m-2
c) 20C m-2
d) 32 C m-2
31.Capacitors use the principle of
a) self induction
b) mutual induction
c) electrostatic induction
d) dielectric polarization
4
32.The capacitance of a conductor does not depend upon

a) its geometry
b) material by which plates are made
c) nature of medium
d) area of the plates
33.An air filled parallel plate capacitor connected to a battery and allowed to
charge. If a dielectric slab is placed between the plates of the capacitor
a) the charge on the capacitor remains un changes
b) the charge on the capacitors increases
c) the voltage across the plates of the capacitor increases
d) the capacitance of the capacitor decreases
34.On a conductor the surface charge density at a point is
a) directly proportional to the radius of curvature
b) inversely proportional to the radius of curvature
c) independent of radius of curvature at that point. d) zero
35.If a Gaussian surface encloses a dipole of moment 2qd, then the total flux
through the surface is
a) q / 0
b) 2q/0
c) q/20
d) zero
-12
36.Work done in giving a charge of 8x10 C on a condenser of capacity
100F is
a) 32x10-32J
b) 32x10-20J c) 8x10-12J
d) 4x10-32J
37.Two charged metal spheres of radii 2 cm and 5 cm are connected by a
wire. The ratio of the surface charge densities is
a)2.5
b) 0.4
c) 12.5
d) 5
38.The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is 8 F. If the surface area is
doubled and the distance between the plates is halved .Then what will be
the capacitance of the condenser?
a) 12 F
b) 32 F
c) 4 F
d) 8 F
39.Relative permittivity of vacuum is
a) 3
b) 1
c) 2
d) 0
40.The charge that can be stored in 50 F capacitor connected to source of
potential difference of 20V is
a) 102C
b) 10-3C
c) 1C
d) 103 C
41.An infinite charged plane sheet produces a field of 2x105NC-1 at a
distance of 5 cm, the surface charge density is
a) 3.54x10-6Cm-2 b) 3.54x10-6Cm c) 0.54x10-2Cm d) 18.53x10-3Cm
42.A device not working with the principle of electrostatic induction is
a) van de Graff generator
b) microwave oven
5
c) lightning arrestor
d) (a) &(b)
43.A parallel plate capacitor connected to a 12V source is charged to 21 C
if the capacitor is filled with an oil of dielectric constant 3, then the
charge stored is
a) 7 C
b) 63C
c) 14 C
d) 57 C
44.The equivalent capacitance of two capacitors in series is 1.5F. The
capacitance of one of them is 4F .The value of capacitance of other is
a)2.4F
b) 0.24F
c) 0.417F
d) 4.17F
45.If the distance between two protons in uranium atom is 9x10-15m, then the
mutual electric potential energy between them is
a) 9x10-14J
b) 1.44x10-15J
c) 2.56x10-14J d) 1.6x10-5J
46.Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field is maximum when angle
between P and E is
a) 00
b) 900
c) 450
d) 1800
47.Potential energy of two equal negative point charges of magnitude 2 C
placed 1m apart in air is
a) 2J
b) 0.36J
c)4J
d) 0.036J
48.An electric dipole placed at an angle in a non-uniform electric field
experiences
a) neither a force nor a torque
b) torque only
c) both force and torque
d) force only
49.Which of the following is not a dielectric ?
a) ebonite
b) mica
c) oil
d) gold
50.The electric field intensity at a distance r due to infinitely long straight
charged wire is directly proportional to
a) r
b) 1/r
c) r2
d) 1/r2
51.An electric dipole moment P is placed in a uniform electric field of
intensity E at an angle with respect to the field . The direction of the
torque is
a) along the direction of P b) opposite to the direction of P
c) along the direction of E d) perpendicular to the plane containing P &E
52.The capacitance of a capacitor is
a) directly proportional to the charge q given to it
b) inversely proportional to its potential V
c) directly proportional to q and inversely proportional to V
d) independent of both the charge q and potential V
th
6 BHARATHIDASANAR MATRIC HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, ARAKKONAM_12 Physics Additional Questions
53.The intensity of electric field at a point is equal to

a) the force experienced by a charge q
b) the work done in bringing unit positive charge from infinity to that
point
c) the positive gradient of the potential d)the negative gradient of the
potential
54.The unit of the number of electric lines of force passing through a given
area is
a) no unit
b) NC-1
c) Nm2C-1
d) N m
55.A dielectric medium is placed in an electric field E0.The field induced
inside the medium
a) acts in the direction of the electric field
b) acts opposite to E0
c)acts perpendicular to E0
d) is zero
56.A non-polar dielectric is placed in an electric field (E) . Its induced dipole
moment
a) acts perpendicular to E
b) acts in the direction of E
c) acts opposite to the direction of E
d) is zero
57.When the charge given to a capacitor is doubled , its capacitance
a) increases twice
b) decreases twice
c) increases four times
d) does not change
58.Two point charges +q and q are placed at A and B separated by small
distance. The electric field intensity at the midpoint o of AB
a) zero
b) acts along AB
c) acts along BA
d) acts to AB
59.An electric dipole of dipole moment (P) is kept parallel to an electric field
of intensity E. The work done in rotating the dipole through 900is
a) 0
b) PE
c) PE
d) 2pE
60.The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor given a charge q is C. If the
charge on the capacitor is doubled then the capacitance of the capacitor is
a) C
b) 2C
c) C/2
d) 2/C
61.The accumulation of charge in a charged conductor is maximum at
a) a point where the curvature is maximum
b) sharp points
c) a point where the radius is minimum
d) all the above
62.Radius of conductor is r and its charge density is , then
a) r
b) 1/r
c) 1/r2
d) r2
63.In microwave oven, the water molecules are excited by
a) force
b) oscillating torque c) oscillating force d) a torque
th
64.Which molecule do not have a permanent dipole moment?

a) N2O
b) NH4
c) H2O
d) O2
65.In electrostatic induction
a) like charges were induced at the near end b) only unlike charges were
induced
c) unlike charges induced at near end and like charge induced at far end
d) only like charges were induced
66.In a parallel plate capacitor, the electric field at any point between the
plates does not depend on
a) distance between the plates
b) charge on the plates
c) area of the plates
d) the dielectric media between the plates.
67.In a thin , non conducting infinite plane sheet 1.6C charge are present in
the area2mm2.Calculate the surface density
a) 8C/m2
b) 0.8C/m2
c) 32x103C/m2 d) 2.25x10-6C/m2
68.The force between two charges in a medium of dielectric constant D and

in the air is
a) 1:D
b) 1:D2
c) D:1
d) D2:1
69.The charges in the electrostatic field are analogous to which in a
gravitational field
a) distance
b) forces
c) masses
d) points
70.Two copper spheres A and B of same size are charged to same potential.
A is hollow and B is solid. Which of the two fields holds more charge?
a) solid sphere cannot hold any charge
b) both have the same charge
c) hollow sphere cannot hold any charge d) both have zero charge
71.The relative permittivity is one for
a) glass
b) mica
c) air
d) earth
72.The repulsive force between two like charges of 1 coulomb separated by
a distance of 1 m in vacuum is equal to
a) 9x109 N
b) 109N
c) 9x10-9 N
d) 9N
73.When air is replaced by dielectric medium of dielectric constant K, the
maximum force of attraction between two charges separated by a
distance
a) becomes K-1 times
b) decrease K2 times
c) remains unchanged
d) increases K times
74.Which of the following does not have a permanent electrical dipole
8
moment?
a) ammonia b) water
c) nitrogen d) carbon di oxide
75.Normally the charge of a substance is
a) having any value
b) a constant
c) an integral multiple of the charge of an electron d) is an integer
76.In an equipotential surface which is same at all points
a)electric intensity b) electric force c) electric potential d) electric flux
77.A bird sitting on a high power line
a) gets killed instantly
b) gets a mild shock
c) is not affected practically
d) gets a fatal shock
78.An electron initially at rest is accelerated through a potential difference of
1 volt. The energy acquired by electrons is
a) 1J
b) 1.6x10-19 J
c) 10-19 J
d) 1.6x1019 J
79.In bringing an electron ,towards another electron, the electrostatic
potential energy of the system
a) remains constant b) becomes zero
c) increases
d) decreases
80.Four dipoles of charges of magnitude +e and e are placed inside a cube.

The total electric flux coming out of the cube will be
a) 8e/0
b) 16e/0
c) e/0
d) zero
81.The direction of electric field due to an infinitely long straight positively
charged wire is
a) radially inward
b) along the length of the wire
c) radially outwards
d) none of the above
82. The direction of electric field due to an infinitely long straight nrgatively
charged wire is
a) radially inward
b) along the length of the wire
c) radially outwards
83.An electric dipole consists of
a) two like and equal charges b) like and unequal charges
c) unlike and equal charges d) unlike and unequal charges
84.When the charging source is disconnected , the charges given to the plates
of an ideal capacitor
a) increases b) decreases
c) becomes zero
d) remains the same
85.Increasing the charge on the plates of a capacitor means
a) increasing the capacitance b) increasing the p.d. between the plates
9
c) both (a) and (b)

86.Three capacitors 2F, 5F and 3F are in parallel across 5V supply. The
charge on each of them respectively are
a) 12C,30C,18C
b) 10C, 25C,15C
c)8C, 20C,12C
d) 6C,15C,9C
87.Capcity of the conductor depends upon
a) size of the conductor
b) thickness of the conductor
c) material of the conductor
d) all of these
88.A capacitor is a device for
a) increasing voltage in the circuit `
b) increasing the current in the circuit
c) storing the charges
d) giving resistance to the current
89.A dielectric will have
a) free electrons
b) no electrons
c) tightly bound electrons
d) one electron in the outer orbit
90.A charged conductor with sharp points on its surface
a) gains charge
b) neither gains nor loose charge
c) rapidly lose its charge
d) gets rusted soon
91.A non-polar molecule acquires induced dipole moment

a) opposite to the direction to the electric field
b) perpendicular to the electric field c) in the direction of the electric field
92.In the absence of an external field , the net dipole moment of polar
molecules is
a) positive
b) infinite
c) negative
d) zero
93.If a dielectric slab is introduced between the plates of a capacitor , the
dielectric slab gets
a) positive charge b) polarized
c) negative charge
d) neutralized
94.The number of electric lines of force produced by a unit charge in
vacuum
a)1/0
b) 1012/8.854
c) 36x109
d) all of these
95.When a glass slab is introduced in between the plates of a parallel plate
air condenser, its capacitance will
a) not change
b) decreases
c) increases
d) tends to zero
10
96.The energy recovered if a capacitor is allowed to discharge is

a) CV
b) CV2
c) CV2/2
d) CV2/4
97.The energy stored in a charged capacitor is
a) potential energy
b) electrostatic potential energy
c) electromagnetic energy
d) magnetic energy
98.At the pointed ends of a conductor the curvature is
a) minimum b) maximum
c) zero
99.If R is the radius of curvature at a point, then curvature is
a) R
b) R2
c) 1/R
d) 1/R2
100.A lightning arrestor has a sharp spike for the following reason
a) it scares away birds
b) charges leak away faster
c) it conducts heat quickly
d) it reduces vibration
101.By enclosing the sphere of Van de Graaff generator in a gas filled steel
chamber at a very high pressure, which of the sphere is reduced
a) potential
b) charge
c) leakage of charge d) volume
102.Which of the following cannot be accelerated using Van de Graaff
generator?
a) -particle b) electron
c) proton
d) deutron
103.The electric potential energy of a system consisting of two charges is
directly proportional to the . of the two charges
a) sum
b) difference
c) product
d) ratio
104.The force between two charges ,when they are separated by a certain
distance is F N. When they are placed in medium, the distance of
separation is halved to get the same force. What is the relative
permittivity of the medium?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 5
10
105.The charge acquired by 5x10 electrons
a) 3.204x10-19 C b) 4.806x10-19 C c) 1.602x10-19 C d) 8.01 x10-19 C
106.The electric potential at a point at a distance7.5cm from an electric
field25Vm-1
a) 1.75 V
b) 1.875V
c) 0.1875 V
d) 17.5V
107.The permittivity of a medium having relative permittivity r=5
a) 4.427x10-11Nm2C-2
b) 1.786 x10-8Nm2C-2
c) 53.12 x10-12Nm2C-2
d) 1.8 x10-9Nm2C-2
108.The charges q1, q2 , q3 are lying within a closed surface and the charges
q4, q5 , and q6 are lying outside the surface. Then the electric flux
th
linked with the surface is

a) = 1/0 (q1+q2 +q3)
b) = 1/0 (q2+q3 +q6)
c) = 1/0 (q1+q3 +q6)
d) =1/0 (q2+q4+q6)
109.The electric flux inside a hollow metallic sphere of radius 5cm is
8x103Nm2 C-1 .Find the amount of charge within the sphere
a) 44.2 nC
b) 88.54 nC
c) 70.8 nC
d) 40x103C
110.The capacitance of air filled parallel plate capacitor is 4F. If the
distance between the plates is doubled and the space between the plates
is filled with a dielectric material of dielectric constant 4 then its
capacitance is
a) 4F
b) 32F
c) 16F
d) 8F
111.Find the ratio of the effective capacitance of two capacitors 5F and
10F .When they are connected in parallel and series
a) 2:9
b) 9:2
c) 10:3
d) 3:10
112.The potential at a point on the earth is
a) zero
b) positive
c) negative
d) infinity
113.6F is the charge given to a thin infinite plate of area 3cm2. Find its
charge density.
a) 2x10-2Cm-2
b) 0.2x10-2Cm-2 c) 1.8Cm-2 d) 5x10-2Cm-2
114.Three capacitors are having equal capacitances 2F. Two of them are
connected in series and the third one is connected parallel with them.
What is the effective capacitance?
a) 6F
b) 3F
c) 2F
d) 4F
115.In the process of polarization of molecules , the dipole moment of
are aligned in the direction of external electric field
a) permanent dipoles
b) induced dipoles
c) both (a) and (b)
d) neither (a) and (b)
116.When an earthened conductor is moving away from a charged
conductor , then the potential of charged conductor
a) decreases b) increases c) does not change
d) becomes zero
117.In a capacitor of capacitance 5F, the distance between the plates is
halved and filled with a material of dielectric constant 5, then its
capacitance is
a) 12.5F
b) 2F
c) 10F
d) 50F
118.When an earthened conductor moves towards a charged conductor ,the
potential of the charged conductor
12
a) becomes zero b) increases

c) decreases
d) remains same
119.The electric field at a point on the surface of a hollow metallic sphere
a) depends on the radius of the sphere b) is zero
c) depends on the charge and radius of the sphere
d) is constant
120.When a charged particle is moving against a repulsive force of electric
field then the . of the substance increases
a) kinetic energy
b) electric potential energy
c) mechanical energy
d) magnetic energy
121.Addition nature of charge means, the total electric charge of a system is
equal to
a) the sum of positive charges
b) the sum of negative charges
c) algebraic sum of all charges
d) zero
122.Which is not the unit of electric flux?
a) Nm2C-1
b) V m
c) A m
d) A m2
123.When a negative charge is given to a conductor , the conductor
a) gets decrease in the mass
b) gets increase in its velocity
c) acquires an electric potential d) sends an electric current
124.1volt/ metre equals
a) 1N
b) 1Nm-1
c) 1NC-1
d) 1JC-1
125.Potential difference between the plates of a capacitor is 5.65V. If the
distance of separation is doubled , then potential difference is
a)1.13V
b) 2.825V
c) 1.4V
d) 11.3V
126.In a capacitor if the value of the dielectric constant r is increased then
its capacitance will
a)increase b ) decrease
c) becomes zero
d) becomes infinite
127.The effect due to charges outside the surface on the electric flux
a) increases the flux
b) decreases the flux
c) does not change the flux
d) reduces to zero
128.SI unit of electric charge is
a) coulomb b) ampere metre c) volt second/ohm d) all the above
129.When two capacitors are connected in series to a source of emf , then
each one of them will have same
a) voltage
b) electric field
c) both (a) and (b)
d) charge
130.Two point charges placed at a distance r in the air experiences a certain
force, then the distance at which they will experience the same force in
the medium of dielectric constant K is
th
a) K r
b) r/2
c) r/K
d) r K
6
131.Electron in an electric field of 9.11x10 V m-1 experiences an
acceleration of
a) 1.6x1016 ms-2 b) 1.6x1017 ms-2 c) 1.6x1018 ms-2 d)1.6x1019 ms-2
132.The work done in placing a charge of 8x10-18 C on a condenser of
capacity 100F is
a) 3.1x10-28 J
b) 4x10-10 J
c) 32x10-32 J
d) 10x10-32 J
133.Two parallel plates with 5 cm separation are at p.d. of 0.5KV. Force
acting on the electron between the plates is
a) 4.6x10-5 N
b) 3.6x10-15 N
c) 2.6x10-15 N d) 1.6x10-15 N
134.On moving a charge of 20 C by 2cm, 2J of work is done , then the
potential difference between the points is
a) 0.5V
b) 0.1V
c) 8V
d) 2V
135.The force of attraction between two charges +30x10-9C and -20x10-9C
separated by a distance of 0.20m is 5x10-5N . find the relative
permittivity of the medium
a) 2.7
b) 2.1
c) 2.2
d) 2.5
136.In hydrogen atom the ratio of electrostatic and gravitational force
electron and proton is
a) 1
b) 2.27x1039
c) 2.27x10-39
d) 2\
137.When a positive charge is brought nearer to a conductor the charge
induced at the far end of the conductor is
a) positive
b) negative
c) no charge
d) unlike charge
138.Theforce between two electrons separated by a distance r varies as
a) r2
b) r
c) r-1
d) r-2
139.Calculate the force between the two charges of value 1C and they are
separated by a distance of 1m in air is
a) 1/40 b) 8.854x10-12
c) 1/40r
d) 40
140.Two point charges of equal magnitude are separated by 12 cm in air. An
attractive force of 90N acts on each charge. Then the two charges are
a) -12mC and -12mC
b) +12mC and -12mC
c) +10mC and -10mC
d) +6mC and -6mC
141.Two charges q and +2q are placed at A and B respectively. Let AB =d.
At a point P between A and B , the potential is zero. Then the distance
AP is ..
a) d/4
b) d/3
c) d/2
d)2d/3
142.Two charged bodies of change +q, -3q are brought in contact and
th
separated . The charge possessed by each body after separation.

a) q , -q b) +q , -2q
c) q, +3q
d) +q , +q
143.An electric charge residing on s body produces
a) electric field
b) magnetic field
c) both electric field and magnetic field
d) neither electric field nor magnetic field
144.The lower comb of Van de Graaff generator is maintained at a +ve
potential of
a) 10KV
b) 10V
c) 107V
d) 100V
145.Over an equipotential surface , the electric field intensity is
a) everywhere tangential to the surface b) zero
c) everywhere normal to the surface
d) tangential at some places and parallel at some other places
146.Number of lines of force per unit area is proportional to the
\ a)magnitude of electric potential
b) 1/0
c) magnitude of E
d) magnitude of 0
147.The force between two charges in vacuum is 0.1N. What is the force if
the vacuum is replaced by a medium whose permittivity is 10 times
greater than that of vacuum.
a) 0.1N
b) 0.01N
c) 0.001N
d) 0.0001N
148.The minimum value of the charge on any object cannot be less than
a) 1.6x10-19C
b) 3.2x10-19C c) 4.8x10-19C
d) 1C
149.A stationary electric charge produces
a) only electric field b) only magnetic field
c) both electric and magnetic field d) neither electric nor magnetic field
150.A surface enclosed an electric dipole , the flux through the surface is
a) infinite b) positive
c) negative
d) zero
151.A positively charged glass rod attracts an object. The object must be
a) negatively charged b) positively charged
c) neutral
d) either negatively charged or neutral
152.A charge q is located at the centre of a hypothetical cube. The electric
flux through any space of the cube is
a) q / 0
b) q / 20
c) q / 40
d) q / 60
153.If a glass rod is rubbed with silk , it acquires a positive charge because
a) protons are added to it
b) protons are removed from it
c) electrons are added to it
d) electrons are removed from it
154.Five balls numbered 1 to 5 are suspended using separate threads. Pairs
th
(1,2),(2,4) and (4,1) show electrostatic attraction , while pairs (2,3) and
(4,5) show repulsion. Therefore, ball 1must be
a) positively charged b)negatively charged c) neutral d)made of metal
155.A charge q1 exerts some force on a second charge q2. If a third charge q3
is brought near, then the force of q1 exerted on q2
a) will decrease in magnitude
b) will increase in magnitude
c)will increase if q3is of the same sign as q1 and will decrease if q1is
opposite sign
d) will remain unchanged
156.Two small spheres each carrying a charge q are placed r metre apart.
One of the spheres is taken around the other one in a circular path, the
work done will be equal to
a) force between them x r
b) force between them x 2nr
c) force between them / 2nr
d) zero
157.A hollow metal sphere of radius 5 cm is charged such that the potential
on its surface is 10V. The potential at the centre of the sphere is
a) zero
b) same as at a point 5 cm away from the surface
c) 10V
d) same as at a point 25 cm away from the surface.
158.A body can be negatively charged by
a) giving excess of electros to it
b) removing some electrons from it
c) giving some protons to it
d) removing some neutrons from it
159.Three charges +3q, +q and Q are placed on a straight line with equal
separation. In order to make the net force on q to be zero , the value of Q
will be
a) +3q
b) +2q
c) -3q
d) -4q
160.Charges reside on the
a) outer surface of the charged conductor
b) inner surface of the charged conductor
c) inner as well as outer surface of the charged conductor
161.The unit of electric permittivity 0 is
a) farad/metre
b) volt / metre c) coulomb / farad
d) coulomb/m2
162.There are two charges +1C and +5C separated by a certain distance d.
The ratio of forces acting on them will be
a) 1:5
b) 1:1
c) 5:1
d) 1:25
163.The potential at any point inside a charged sphere is
a) zero
b) smaller than the potential on the surface
th
c) greater than the potential on the surface

d) same as potential on the surface
164.Two conducting spheres of radii r1 and r2 are equally charged . The ratio
of their potentials is
a) r12 / r22
b) r22 / r12
c) r1 / r2 d) r2 / r1
165.Two condensers of capacity C1 and C2 are connected in parallel . If a
charge q is given to the assembly, the charge gets shared. The ratio of
the charge on the condenser C1 to the charge on the condenser C2 is
a) C1 / C2 b) C2 / C1
c) C1C2
d) 1 / C1C2
166.If a capacitor of capacitance 55 pF is charged to 1.6V , then the number
of electrons on its negative plate is
a) 55x107 b) 5.5x107
c) 550x107
d) 0.55x107
167. If total charge of the decay of an element is 92 e , then the total charge after
decay is
a) 41 e
b) 91 e
c) 92 e
d) 184 e
168.If F and Fm are the force between two charges in air and medium then the ratio
of F/Fm is called
a) permittivity
b) permeability c) charge d) relative permittivity
169. The total flux over a closed surface of charge q is
a) 4q
b) 36 x 109 q
c) 9 x 109 q
d) 4 x 109 q
170. If a positively charged plate is brought nearer to a negatively plate,
then the potential difference between them will
a) increase b) remain the same c) become zero
d) decrease
171.If n identical capacitors each of capacity C are connected in series , then its
equivalent capacity is
a) n C
b) 1/n C
c) n / C
d) C / n
172.The dielectric constant of a substance is 4 .The permittivity of that substance
is
a) 4
b) / 4
c) 4 0
d) 0 / 4
173.The capacitance of a parallel plate is maximum when the region between the
plates are
a) completely filled by dielectric material b)partially filled by dielectric material
c)completely filled by air
d) completely filled by conducting material
174.If the work done for moving a unit positive charge from a point X to another
point Y is zero , then
a) potential at X is less than potential at
th
b)potential at Y is less than potential at X

c) potential at X is equal to potential at Y
d) potential at X is positive whereas the potential at Y is zero
175.The imaginary surface drawn for determining the field at a point due to infinite
plane sheet of charge is
a) spherical
b) plane
c) cylindrical
d) cubical
176.The surface charge density is more at
a)less curvature
b)greater curvature
c) plane surface
d)greater radius of curvature
177.The potential developed in the Van de Graff generator is used for
a) domestic current supply
b) industrial current supply
c) nuclear reaction
d) nuclear fusion
178.As the thickness of dielectric increases between the two plates then the
capacity of the condenser
a) decreases
b) increases
c) constant
d) becomes zero
179.If the change of potential with respect to distance is given as V = r2-3r-5 then
find electric field intensity at a distance 5 units
a) 2 units
b) 7 units
c) 3 units
d) 5 units
180.When air medium in capacitor is replaced by a medium of dielectric constant r
the capacitance
a) decreases r times
b) remains the same
c) increases r times
d) increased by r2 times
181.A certain region of space isolated from external electric field is known as
a) electrostatic induction
b) electrostatic shielding
c) electrification
d) charging
182.In Van de graff generator , the belt acquires charges from comb , by
a) electrostatic induction
b) electromagnetic induction
c) conduction
d) action of points
183.When a dipole is placed anti parallel to the electric field it has
a) no potential energy
b) minimum potential energy
c) maximum potential energy
d) finite potential energy
184.The electric field due to a helium nuclei at a point on its orbit of radius 0.25A0
is
a) 4.608x103NC-1 b) 4.608x10-8NC-1 c) 4.608x1012 NC-1 d) none
185.The electric flux depends on

th
a) location of charge
b) value of charge
c) charge outside Gaussian surface d) both location and value
186.During lightning it is better
a) to stand under tree b) to stand in a open space c) to run d) to sit inside a bus
187.When a dielectric is introduced in a parallel plate capacitor ,the induced
electric field
a) same direction as applied field b) perpendicular to applied field
c) opposite to applied field
d) 450 with field
188.When n capacitors of equal capacitances are connected in parallel and series .
the ratio of effective capacitance is
a) 1;n2
b) n:1
c) n2:1
d) 1:n
189.Two charges 24C each of same polarity are separated by 200Cm.The force
acting on another 4C charge placed at the midpoint on the line joining two
charges be
a) zero
b) 31.44 N
c)12.88N
d) 44.32N
190.The force between two charges in air is F. This force becomes 13/25 F when
placed in a medium at the same distance. The r of medium is
a)13/5
b) 14/5
c) 25/13
d) 15/4
191.Two charged spheres of radius 15 cm and 20cm are connected by a thin wire.
No current will flow if
a) they have the same potential
b) they have different potential
c) they have equal charge
d) they have unequal charge
192.If the radius of a conducting solid and conducting hollow sphere are the same
which one can hold greater charge
a)solid sphere
b) hollow sphere
c) both will hold equal charge
d) hollow sphere will hold half the charge of solid sphere.
193.The dielectric constant K of an insulator can be
a)
b) zero
c) -2
d) 6
194.In the direction indicated by an electrostatic field line
a) the electrostatic field strength must increase
b) the electrostatic field strength must decrease
c) the electrostatic potential must increase
d) the electrostatic potential must decrease
195.A proton is moved between two points whose potential difference is 30V. The
kinetic energy acquired in eV is
a) 30 eV
b) 10 eV
c) 20 eV
d) 40 eV
19
196.An infinite charged plane sheet produces a field of 2x105 NC-1 at a distance of
5 cm. The surface charge density is
a) 3.54x10-10 Cm-2 b) 0.35x10-6 Cm-2 c)3.54x10-6 Cm-2 d) 3.54 Cm-2
197.Charge per unit length is called
a) charge density
b) surface charge density
c) linear charge density
d) electric intensity
198.To eliminate sparking in the ignition system of automobile engines we use
a) inductors
b) resistors
c) engine oil
d) capacitors
199.Xerox copying machine is working on the principle of
a) electric force
b) magnetic force
c) electrostatic force of attraction d) centripetal force
200.The electric potential energy of two point charges is not equal to
a) the work done to assemble the charges
b) force between the two charges
c) work done in bringing each other
d) work done in bringing a charge from infinite distances
II. IMPORTANT UNITS
1.The unit of Coulomb force between the two point charges is .
2.The unit of permittivity is .
3.The unit of relative permittivity is .
4.The unit of electric charge is .
5.The unit of electric field intensity is .
6.The unit of electric dipole moment is .
7.The unit of torque is .
8.The unit of electric potential difference is .
9.The unit of electric flux is .
10.The unit of linear charge density is .
11.The unit of surface charge density is .
12.The unit of capacitance is .
13.The practical units of capacitance are . and .
14.Farad is equal to ..........
15.The unit of 1/40 is .
20
III. STANDARD VALUES

1.The charge of an electron is .
2.Permitivity of free space 0 is .
3. The value of 1/40 is .
4.Relative permittivity of air is
5. Permittivity of air is
6.The ratio of electrostatic force to gravitational force of attraction between an
electron and a proton is ..
IV. IMPORTANT FORMULAE
1.Force between the two charges is..
2.Relative permittivity(dielectric constant ) is
3.Amount of charge is .
4.Relation between the force in air and medium is ..
5.Relation between electric field and force is .
6.Electric field due to point charge is
7.Electric dipole moment is .
8.Electric field due to an electric dipole at a point on its axial line is .
9. Electric field due to an electric dipole at a point on the equatorial line is
10.Torque on a dipole placed in a uniform electric field is ..
11.Electrical potential energy of a dipole is ..
12.Electric potential energy of a point charges is ..
13.Electrical potential at a point due to point charge is .
14. Electrical potential at a point due to an electric dipole is .
15.Electric flux according to Gausss law is
16.Electric field due to plane sheet of charge q is
17.Electric field at a point between parallel sheet of charge is
18.Electric field due to an infinite long straight charged wire is .
19.Electric field due to uniformly charged spherical shell at a point outside the shell
is
20. Electric field due to uniformly charged spherical shell at a point on the surface
of the shell is ..
21.Electric field due to uniformly charged spherical shell at a point inside the shell
is..
22.Capacitance of a conductor is ..
th
23.The charge density is

24.Capacitance of parallel plate capacitor is ..
25.Capacitance of parallel plate capacitor with dielectric slab is .
26. Capacitance of parallel plate capacitor completely filled with dielectric is
27. Relation between the capacitance in air and medium is ..
28.Work done by a charge is .
29.The effective capacitance connected in series is ..
30. The effective capacitance connected in parallel is ..
31.The capacitance of a capacitor contains n plates is
32.The energy stored in a capacitor is .
33. Relation between electric field and potential is .
34.Electric potential energy of a system of two charges is .
35.Linear charge density is ..
36.Surface charge density is ..
37.Molecular polarisability is
V.THREE MARK QUESTIONS
1. DEFINATIONS:
1. Define Coulomb.
2. Define electric field intensity at a point.
3. Define the electric potential at a point.
4. Define a dipole.
5. Define dipole moment.
6. Define molecular polarisability.
7. Define the unit of electrical potential difference.
8. Define one farad.
9 .Define capacitance.
10.Define electric flux.
11.Define dielectric polarization.
12.Define the effective capacitance of the capacitors connected parallel.
13.Define the effective capacitance of the capacitors connected series.
14.Define electrical potential energy.
2. LAWS AND PRINCIPLES
1.State the law of conservation of electric charge.
22
2.State Coulombs law in electrostatics.

3.State Gausss law.
4.What is known as electrostatic induction?
5.What is known as electrostatic shielding?
6.What is known as action of points?
7.What is the principle of capacitance?
3.USES.(APPLICATIONS)
1.Mention the applications of capacitor.
2.What are the uses of electrostatic devices?
3.What is the use of lightning conductor?
4.State the use of Van de Graff generator.
5.State the application of electrostatic force of attraction and repulsion.
4. PROPERTIES(CHARACTERISTICS)
1.Give any three properties of electric lines of force.
5.REASONING QUESTIONS
1.Why is it safer to be inside a car than standing under a tree during
lightning?
6.DISTINGUISHING AND DIFFERENTIATING QUESTIONS
1.Distinguish between electric potential and potential difference.
2.Distinguish between conductors and insulators.
3.Distinguish between polar and non-polar molecules
4.State the differences between electric field intensity and electrical potential
7.THEORY QUESTIONS
1.What is meant by quantization of electrical charge?
2.What is permittivity and relative permittivity? How are they related.
3.What does an electric dipole experience when kept in a uniform
electric field and non uniform electric field.
23
4.Explain the working of microwave oven.

5.What is non polar molecule? Give examples.
6.What is polar molecule? Give examples.
7.What is the effect of placing a dielectric inside a parallel plate
capacitor?
8.How can you increase the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor.
VI. THREE MARK PROBLEMS

1.A polythene piece rubbed with wool is found to have a negative charge of
3x10-7C .Calculate the number of electrons it has gained.
2.A glass rod rubbed with silk acquires a charge of + 8 x 10 -12. Find the
number of electrons it has lost.
3.Two positive charges of 5C and 3C are kept at a distance of 3m from each
other in vacuum. What is the force between them?
4.When two point charges +6c and -5C experiences a force of 2.7x1011 N.
Find the distance between them.
5.Two point charges at a certain distance experiences a force of 5N . Each
charge is doubled in magnitude and distance between the is halved.
Calculate the new force .
6.Two spheres charged with equal but opposite charges 10 cm apart in a
medium of relative permittivity 9 experiences a force of 103 N. Calculate
charge on each sphere.
7.The electrostatic force between two point charges kept at a distance d
apart, in a medium r =6, is 0.3N. Calculate the force between them at the
same separation in vacuum.
8.The force of attraction between the two point charges increases from 5N to
50N when the dielectric medium is replaced by air. Find the relative
permittivity.
9.Calculate the permittivity of a dielectric of dielectric constant 6.
10.Two point charges+10C and -10C are placed 5mm apart.
Calculate the electric field at a point 5 cm from its centre along the
equatorial line.
11.Two point charges+10C and -10C are placed 5cm apart.
th
Calculate the electric field at a point 10 cm from its centre along

the axial line.
12.The potential at a point 50 cm from the centre of an electric dipole
of dipole moment 10-5 C m is 1.8x105V. Find the angle made by the
line joining the point and the centre of the dipole with the axis of
the dipole.
13.The potential difference between two points 2.5 cm apart in an
electric field is 10V. Find the electric field intensity between these
points.
14.Calculate the potential at a point due to a charge of 100C at a
distance of 9 m .
15. Calculate the amount of work done in bringing a charge of 2x10-9C
from infinity to a point having potential of4x104V
16.An infinite charged plane sheet produces a field of 2x105 NC-1 at a
distance of 5 cm. Find the surface charge density.
17.A uniformly charged conducting shell of 2 cm diameter has a
surface charge density of 80C m-2.Find the charge on the shell.
18.A spherical shell of radius 2 cm has a charge of 4.5x10-12.Calculate
the electric field at a point 3 cm from its centre.
19.Electric field intensity is 400Vm-1 at a distance of 2m from a point
charge. At what distance it will be 100Vm-1.
20.Two point charges +4q and +q are placed 30 cm apart. At what
point on the line joining them the electric field in zero?
21.Calculate the electric field intensity at a point 20 cm away from a
point charge of 2x10-5C
22.Calculate the magnitude of the force acting on a charge of 2x10-10 C
placed in a uniform electric field of 10Vm-1.
23.A charge experiences a force of 0.02N in an electric field of
intensity 5x104 Vm-1. Find the value of the charge.
24.Two charges +2.5C and -2.5C are separated by a distance of 5 cm.
Find the electric dipole moment
25.An electron experiences a force of 1.82x10-14N in an electric field .
Calculate the acceleration produced on it.
26.An electric dipole with dipole moment 4x10-9C m is aligned at 300
with the direction of a uniform electric field of magnitude 5x104NC-1.
Calculate the magnitude of the torque acting on the dipole.
th
27.A molecule having dipole moment 3.4x10-30C m is placed in an

electric field of 2x104 N C-1.Calculate the maximum torque that can
act on the molecule.
28.When a point charge of 6C is moved between two points in an
electric field, the work done is 1.8x10-5J.Find the potential difference
between the two points.
29.The work done in moving 4C charge from one point to another in
an electric field is 0.012 J. Find the potential difference between
them.
30.Calculate the potential energy of two equal negative point charges
of magnitude 2C placed one metre apart in air.
31.A dipole of dipole moment 8x10-10 C m is inclined at an angle 600
with an electric field of 0.9x10-4 N C-1. Calculate its potential
energy.
32.The equivalent capacitance of two capacitors in series is 1.5F. The
capacitance of one of them is 4F. Find the value of capacitance of
the other.
33.A capacitor of capacitance 6F is connected to a 100V battery.
Calculate the energy stored in the capacitor.
34.The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor increases from 5F to
50F when a dielectric is filled between the plates. Find the permittivity
of the dielectric.
35.Three capacitors of capacitances 1F, 2F and 3F are connected in
series. Find the effective capacitance of the capacitors.
36.Calculate the charge that can be stored in a 50F capacitor
connected to a source of potential difference of 20 V.
37.Calculate the capacity of a parallel plate capacitor consisting of two
circular plates of area 400cm2 and separated by a distance of 2mm
with air as medium.
38.Calculate the capacity of a parallel plate capacitor consisting of two
circular plates of area 80cm radius and separated by a distance of
1mm mica plate of dielectric constant 6 .
39.If a sphere surrounded by air is dipped in a liquid, its capacitance
changes from 4 pF to 12 pF . What is the dielectric constant.
40.Three capacitors of capacitances 0.5F, 0.3F and 0.2F are
connected in parallel . Find the effective capacitance of the
26
capacitors.
41.Calculate the work done in giving a charge of 8x10-18 C on a
condenser of capacity 100F.
VII. FIVE MARK QUESTIONS.
1.State Coulombs law in electrostatics and State its vector form.
2.List the properties of electric lines of force.
3.Define electric field at a point. Give its unit and obtain an expression for the
electric field at a point due to a point charge.
4.Derive an expression for the torque acting on the electric dipole when placed in a
uniform field.
5.Derive an expression for electric potential energy of an electric dipole in an
electric field.
6.Write a note on equipotential surface.
7.Explain the method of charging by induction.
8.Explain the distribution of charges on a conductor and action of point.
9.Derive an expression for electric field due to two parallel charged sheets.
10.Deduce an expression for the equivalent capacitance of capacitors connected in
series.
11.Deduce an expression for the equivalent capacitance of capacitors connected in
parallel.
12.Prove that the energy stored in a parallel plate capacitor is q2 /2C or 1/2 CV2
VIII.TEN MARK QUESTIONS
1.Derive an expression for electric field due to an electric dipole at a point on its
axial line
2. Derive an expression for electric field due to an electric dipole at a point along
the equatorial line .
3.Derive an expression for electric potential due to an electric dipole. Discuss the
special cases.
4.State Gausss law. Applying this, calculate electric field due to (i) an infinitely
long straight wire with uniform charge density (ii) an infinite plane sheet of
charge of q.
5.Explain the principle of capacitor. Deduce an expression for the capacitance of
the parallel plate capacitor.
27
6.What is dielectric? Explain the effect of introducing a dielectric slab between the
plates of parallel plate capacitor.
7.State the principle and explain the constructions and working of Van de Graaff
generator.
8.Determine electric field due to uniformly charged spherical shell at a point (i) out
side the shell (ii) on the surface (iii) inside the shell.
KEY-LESSON-1
21
41
61
81
101
121
141
161
181
22
42
62
82
102
122
142
162
182
23
43
63
83
103
123
143
163
183
24
44
64
84
104
124
144
164
184
25
45
65
85
105
125
145
165
185
26
46
66
86
106
126
146
166
186
27
47
67
87
107
127
147
167
187
28
48
68
88
108
128
148
168
188
29
49
69
89
109
129
149
169
189
28
10
30
50
70
90
110
130
150
170
190
11
31
51
71
91
111
131
151
171
191
12
32
52
72
92
112
132
152
172
192
13
33
53
73
93
113
133
153
173
193
14
34
54
74
94
114
134
154
174
194
15
35
55
75
95
115
135
155
175
195
16
36
56
76
96
116
136
156
176
196
17
37
57
77
97
117
137
157
177
197
18
38
58
78
98
118
138
158
178
198
19
39
59
79
99
119
139
159
179
199
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2.CURRENT ELECTRICITY.
1.Super conductors have zero
a) resistance b) conductance c) permeability d) permittivity
2.The reciprocal of the slope of the graph drown between V&I for steady
current in a conductor gives
a) resistance b) conductance c) resistivity d) conductivity
3.The current always flows from
a) +veto ve b) ve to +ve c) ve to ve
d) +ve to +ve
4. The electrons always flows from
a) +veto ve b) ve to +ve c) ve to ve
d) +ve to +ve
5.A car battery has emf 12 volt and internal resistance 5x10 -2 .If it
draws 60ampere current the terminal voltage of the battery will be
a) 15V
b) 3V
c) 5V
d) 9V
6.Resistance of a metal wire of length 10cm is 2. If the wire is
stretched uniform to 50 cm the resistance is
29
a)25
b) 10
c )5
d) 50
7.The ratio of the resistance of conductor at 150C to resistance at
temperature 37.50C is 4:5.What is the temperature co-efficient of
resistance of the conductor.
a) 1/75
b) 2/51
c) 2/75
d) 1/50
8.Ten identical wires (same material, same length and same cross
section)each having a resistance of one ohm are joined in parallel ,the
combination has a resistance of
a) 10
b) 1
c) 0.1
d)0.01
9.Two wires of each length 1.3m and 2.6m which are having radius of
0.32mm and 0.16mm respectively made up of same material. The ratio
of the resistances of wire is
a) 8:1
b) 1:8
c) 1:4
d) 4:1
10.The potential developed between two ends of the conductor is
25V,2A current flows through it , the conductance of the conductor is
a) 80 mho
b) 80 milli mho
c) 80 micro mho
d) 40 mho
11.The resistance of the conducting wire is 10 , the resistance of
another wire whose length is halved and the area is doubled made up
of same material is
a) 10
b) 40
c) 2.5
d)25
12.A charge of 60C passes through an electric lamp in 2 minutes .Then
the current in the lamp is
a) 30A
b) 1A
c) 0.5A
d) 5A
13.A resistance of wire is cut into 4 equal parts and all the parts are
connected in parallel. The ratio of the effective resistance to the
original resistance is
a) 2:1
b) 1:2
c) 1:4
d) 4:1
14.The end error in meter bridge can be eliminated by
a) using thick copper strips b)interchanging two resistances in the gaps
c) adjusting the balancing point near midpoint d) both (b) and (c)
15.Meter bridge is used to
a) compare two resistances
b) find specific resistance
c) determine temperature coefficient
d) all these
16.Actual resistance of standard 2 resistor is 2.1. The resistance to be
connected to make it standard is
a) 0.1 in series b) 42 in parallel c)0.1in parallel d)4.2 in series
30
17.Emfs E1 and E2 of two given cells can be compared by using

potentiometer with primary circuit of Emf E if
a) E1 E2
b) E1, E2 E
c)E1 E2
d) E1,E2 E
18.In a net work with constant source of emf , if more resistances are
added in series , the power supplied by the source
a) increases
b) remains same
c) decreases
d) either increased or decreased
19.In a net work with constant source of emf , if more resistances are
added in parallel , the power supplied by the source
a) increases
b) remains same
c) decreases
d) either increased or decreased
20.The emf of Lechlanche cell is 1.5V. When a resistance 5is
connected, the current in the circuit is 0.25A, the internal resistance is
a) 0.5
b) 1.5
c) 1.0
d) 2.0
21.In a potentiometer,the balancing point of a cell of emf 2.5V is 75 cm.
By connecting another cell, if the balancing point is decreased by
15 cm , emf of the cell is
a) 4V
b) 3V
c) 2V
d) 1V
22.An incandescent lamp is operated at 250V.If the bulb is rated at
125W, its resistance must be
a)1K
b) 0.5K
c) 2.0K
d)2.5K
23.Two identical resistances are first connected in series and then in
parallel to a source of emf 0.3V , the ratio of power supplied
respectively is
a) 4:1
b) 1:2
c) 1:4
d) 2:1
24.Total current of 3A is passed through the combination of two
identical resistances are first connected in series and then in parallel,
the ratio of power supplied respectively is
a) 4:1
b) 1:2
c) 1:4
d) 2:1
25.Free electrons are very loosely attached to the
a) nuclei b) protons
c) atoms
d) neutrons
26.Expression for electric resistance(R) is
a) R=mL / nAe2 b) R=nL/ mAe2 c)R= nAe2/mL d)mLV/ nAe2
27.The conductivity of a material is obtained by the formula
a) = RA/ l b) =lA/R
c) = l /RA
d) =A/R
28.Discontinuous change in specific heat of material occurs at
31
a) transition temperature
b) high temperature
c) 0K
d) room temperature
29.If the resistance of a material increases with increase in temperature
then its temperature coefficient of resistance is
a) zero b) negative
c) positive
d) none of these.
30.Due to aging , the internal resistance of a cell
c) does not change
d) becomes zero
31.The condition for bridge balance in Wheatstones bridge is
a) P/S = R/Q b) PR = QS c) PS = QR
d) PQ = RS
32.If a charge of 1C passes through an electrical equipment in 10 s ,
then the current flowing through is
a) 0.5A
b) 1A
c) 0.1A
d) 10A
33.The marking at the bottom of a tape recorder are as follows
9V,450mA. The net resistance of the system is
a) 20
b) 200
c) 1/20
d) 2
34.An electrical instrument of resistance 30 is operated at 240V. The
power is
a) 240W
b) 1290W
c) 920W
d) 1920W
35.The number of electrons flowing per second through a conductor ,

when a current of 3.2A flows through it is
a) 2x1019
b) 3x1018
c) 6.25x1018
d) 6.25x1019
36.A 1.15 KW , 230V water heater can draw a current
a) 0.2A
b) 2A
c) 5A
d) 0.5A
37.If charge per unit volume of a conductor is 600C and the current
density is 1.2Am-2 , then the drift velocity of the electrons is
a) 0.2x10-2 m/s
b) 7.2x10-3m/s
c) 200 m/s
d) 5x10-3 m/s
38.Three resistances of values 10, 2 and 3 are connected to form
the sides of a triangle AB,BC and CA respectively . The effective
resistance between A and B is
a) 3.33
b) 2.33
c) 3.5
d) 3.9
39.A cell of emf 9V and internal resistance 1 is connected to an
external resistance of 8, the potential difference across the cell is
a) 9V
b) 1V
c)6V
d) 8V
40.In Wheatstones bridge , under bridge balance condition the four
resistances of the four arms in cyclic order is
32
a) 5,10,4,8
b) 5,10,8,4
c) 5,8,10,4
d) 5,4,8,10
41.The drift velocity does not depend upon
a)the magnetic field
b) the mass of the electron
c)the charge of the electron d)the relaxation time
42.When the diameter of a conductor is doubled , its resistance
a) decreases twice
b) decreases four times
c) decreases sixteen times
d) increases four times
43.A cell of emf 2.2V sends a current of 0.2A through a resistance 10.
The internal resistance of the cell is
a) 0.1
b) 1
c) 2
d) 1.33
44.The electrical resistivity of a thin copper wire and a thick copper rod
are respectively 1m and 2 m . Then
a) 1 2
b) 2 1
c) 1 = 2
d) 2/1=
45.The brown ring at one end of a carbon resistor indicates a tolerance
of
a) 1 %
b) 2 %
c) 5 %
d) 10 %
46.Length of the wire with resistance R is stretched for 3 times of its
original length , now the resistance becomes
a) 3R
b) 1.5R
c) 3R2
d) 9R
47.As the temperature increases , the conductance of a conductor
a) increases b) decreases c) does not change d) becomes infinity
48.The ratio of the effective resistance of two 2 resistance when they
are connected in parallel and in series
a) 1:4
b) 4:1
c) 1:2
d) 2:1
49.Mobility is proportional to
a) inversely to the electric field b) directly to the mass of the electron
c) inversely to the drift velocity
d) inversely to the charge
50.The amount of current flowing through a conductor is directly

proportional to
a) the number of electron per unit volume
b) the drift velocity
d) the cross sectional area of the conductor
d) all the above
51.The magnets used to levitate the trains from the rails
a) permanent electromagnets b) strong magnetic substance
33
c) a magnetic field with varying frequency

d) super conducting magnets
52.The special features of carbon resistor
a) small in size
b) stable
c) cheaper
d) all these
53.The specific resistance of a conductor is 5x10-5 m . If its length is

elongated 4 times then its specific resistance is
a) 20x10-5 m
b) 1.25x10-5 m c) 5x10-5 m d) 8x10-4 m
54.A conductor of length 2 m and area of cross section 6 mm2 has
specific resistance 3x10-6 m . Then its resistance is
a) 4
b) 1
c) 0.1
d) 0.9
55.A circuit consists of two resistances R1& R2 connected parallel to

each other. When a current I flows through the circuit , then the
amount of current flowing through R1 is
a) I1= I(R2/ R1+R2 )
b) I1= I(R1/ R1+R2 )
c) I1= IR2/ R1-R2 )
d) I1= I(R1/ R1+R2)
56.The resistivity of a conductor is 40x10-6m . Then its conductivity is
a)25x105mhom-1 b)2.5x104mhom-1c)25x10-5mhom-1 d)25x10-4mhom-1
57.Electrolytes are
a) the liquids which allow the ions to move through them
b) the liquids wherein charged ions can be dissociate in opposite
direction c) both (a) , (b) are correct d) (a) is correct, (b ) is wrong
58. The cells from which the electric energy is derived by irreversible
chemical reactions are
a) primary cell b)secondary cell c)Daniel and dry cell d)both(a)& (c)
59.According to Faradays laws of electrolysis , when charge is passing
through the electrolyte , the mass of the substance liberated at the
electrode depends on
a) current
b) charge
c) time
d) all these
60.Current is
a) the number of electrons crossing per second at a point in a conductor
b) rate of flow of chargec) a scalar quantity d) all the above
61.The direction of conventional current is the direction
a) of motion of electrons b) opposite to the motion of positive charge
c)of random motion of electrons d)opposite to the motion of electrons
62.In a carbon resistor it consists of yellow, yellow and black rings at
34
one end and silver ring at the other end, then the resistance is
a)44000+10 % b) 440 +10 % c) 44 +10 % d) 4400 +10 %
63.The appropriate material to be used in the construction of resistance
boxes out of the following is
a) copper b) iron
c) manganin
d) aluminium
64.When two resistances connected in series and parallel their effective
resistances are 12 and 8/3 then the individual resistances are
a) 6, 6
b) 3 , 9
c) 7 , 5 d) 8 , 4
65.The resistance of a wire of length is 6 . If its length is elongated as
2L, then its resistance is
a) 6
b) 12
c) 24
d) 48
66.In a Wheatstone bridge P=15 , Q= 35 , R=60, then S=?
a) 80
b) 85
c) 105
d) 140
67.When 1.6 A current is flowing through a conductor in one minute,
then the number of electrons moving in it is
a) 60x1019
b) 3x1020
c) 6.25x1018
d) 1.6x10-19
68.Two wires of equal length are having the radius ratio 1:2, then the
ratio of their resistances is
a) 1:4
b) 4:1
c) 1:2
d) 2:1
69.When 400mA current flowing through a wire of resistance 25, then
the potential difference between the ends of the wire is
a) 5V
b) 1V
c) 10V
d) 12.5V
70.The substance which have negative temperature coefficient of

resistance
a) carbon
b) ebonite c) Germanium d) all the above
71.A cell having emf 1.5V is connected with a resistor of 1000. What is its
power?
a) 2.25 mW
b) 1.5W
c) 225W
d) 150mW
72.The substances like carbon and ebonite are
a)having negative temperature coefficient of resistance
b) conducting materials
c) electrolytes
d) having low temperature coefficient of resistance
73.The relation between current density and drift velocity
a) J=neA/ Vd
b) Vd=Jne /A c) Vd = J / ne d) J = Vd e /A
th
74.When the length of a conductor is cut into two equal parts , one of its
resistance is and its resistivity is
a) halved; halved
b) halved; increased twice
c) increased twice ; halved
d) halved ; having no change
75.The flow of free electrons by emf in a definite direction produces
a) current b) resistance c) drift velocity of electron d) all the above
76.In the case of carbon, when temperature increases the resistance
a) increases b) decreases c) remains the same d) becomes zero
77.An electric bulb shows 550 resistance when a potential of 220 V is
applied to it.The amount of current flowing through it is
a) 0.5 A
b)2.5 A
c) 0.4 A
d) 5A
78.Ohm's law is true for
a) metals only
b) semiconductors only
c) both for metals and semiconductors
d) neither metals nor semiconductors
79.In a Wheatstone's network if the cell and galvanometer are inter
changed
a) the condition for null deflection remains same as before
interchanging b) null deflection can never be obtained
c) the condition for null deflection will be disturbed
d) the current in all branches becomes zero
80.Current in super conducting wire can flow
a) with change in magnitude b) with change in direction
c) without change in magnitude and direction
d) with change in magnitude and direction
81.The effective resistance of two resistance connected in parallel is
2.4If the second resistance is 1.5 times the first one, the
resistances are
a) 4 and 6
b ) 2 and 3
c)3 and 4.5
d) 6 and 9
82. If the balancing point lies at the centre of the meter bridge wire and
the resistance in the resistance box is 5 , then the unknown
resistance is
a) 5
b) 10
c) 2.5
d) 0
83.The value of resistance having code brown, red and orange is
a) 12K
b
120
c) 1.2 K
d) 12
36
84.Metre bridge consists of a wire of high

a) temperature coefficient and low specific resistance
b) low temperature coefficient and high resistance
c)low specific resistance and hgih temperature coefficient
d) high specific resistance and low temperature coefficient
85.Ohm's law is valid when ............. is constant
a) voltage
b) temperature c) resistance d) area
86.The power generated in a resistor of 5kwith a current flow of
50 mA is
a) 12.5W
b) 250W
c) 1.25MW
d) 2.5 MV
9
87.The drift velocity of electrons having a charge of 12.8x10 C and
current density of 2x106 A/m2 is
a) 1.56 m/s
b)
15.6x10-5m/s
c) 156x10-5 m/s d) 0
88.Resistance of a material at 00C and 300C are respectively
40 and 90. Its temperature coefficient of resistance is
a) 0.4617 /0C
b) 0.04617 /0C
c) 0.005 /0C d)24 /0C
89.The resistance of a conductor of unit length having unit area of cross
section is
a) resistivity b) conductivity c) conductance
d) capacitance
90.Two copper wire of length 1m and 9m have equal resistances. Then
their diameters are in the ratio of
a) 3:1
b) 9:1
c) 1:9
d)1:3
91.Resistivity of mercury is zero at
a) 2.4 K
b) 4.20C
c) 4.2 K
d) 2.4 0 C
92.A material with negative temperature coefficient of resistance is
called
a) metal
b) alloy c) thermistor
d) thermometer
93.What is the minimum number of bulbs each marked60 W, 40 V , that
can work safely when connected in series with a 240 V main supply?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8
94.In secondary cells the process of reproducing active materials is
called
a) charging b)discharging c) specific gravity d) internal resistance
95.Discontinuous change in specific heat of a material occurs at
a) transition temperature
b) high temperature
c)room temperature
d) 0 K
th
96.If two resistors of resistance 200 and 0.1k are connected in series
then the effective resistance of the system is
a) 200.1
b) 300
c) 201
d) 2.1 k
97.The system may be used to launch satellites directly into orbit from
earth , without the use of rockets is
a) solid propellant system
b) liquid propellant system
c) super conducting magnetic propulsion system
d) electric propellant system
98. If the internal resistance of the electric cell increases, the delivered
electric current
a)decreases b)increases c)first increases and then decreases d) zero
99.If charge per unit volume of a conductor is 6mC and the current
density is 1.2Am-2 , then the drift velocity of the electron is
a) 0.2x10-3m/s
b) 7.2x10-3m/s c) 200 m/s
d) 5x10-3m/s
100.The resistance of a conductor is 5 at 500C and 6 at 1000C . Then the

resistance at 00C is
a) 0
b) 3.5
c) 4
d) 8
101.The value of electrical energy equal to 1KWhr is
a) 1 unit
b) 1 joule
c) 1 volt
d) 1 ampere
102.In a metre bridge , with a standard resistance of 5 ohm in the right
gap, the ratio of balancing length is 3:2. The value of the other
resistance is
a) 10/3
b) 10
c)15/2
d)
3/5
103.The balancing lengths of two cells are 250 cm and 750 cm
respectively , in a potentiometer experiment. If the emf of the first
cell is 2 V , the emf of the second cell is
a) 6V
b) 4V
c) 2/3 V
d) 3/2 V
104.A 750W power iron box is used for 4 hours. If the cost per unit is 75
paise, the total expense is
a) Rs.22.50 b) Rs.5.25
c) Rs2.25
d) Rs3.00
105.For what time a current of 1.5A pass through a copper-voltameter
to deposit 1g of copper?(Z=3.3x10-4 g/C)
a) 25minute b) 50 minute
c) 34minute
d) 40 minute
106.Silver and zinc voltmeters are connected in series and same current
is passed through both of them for same time. If x kg of Ag is
38
liberated, then amount of Zn liberated in kg will be very near to

(chemical equivalent of Zn = 33;chemical equivalent of Ag=108)
a) x
b)x/5
c) x/3
d) x/2
107.If J is the current density then the power transferred per unit volume
in joule in a resistor of resistivity is
a) J2/
b) J2
c) J
d) J22
108.In hydrogen atom, electron moves in an orbit of 0.5A0 with a speed
of 2.2x106 m/s. What is equivalent current?
a) 1.25A
b) 1.12A
c)1.12mA
d)1.12pA
109.The resistance of wire is R ohm. What will be new resistance ,if it
is stretched uniformly n times its original length
a) nR
b) R/n
c) n2R
d) R/n2
110.If R1 and R2 be the resistances of the filaments of 200W and 100W
electric bulbs operating on 220V, then
a) R1=R2
b) R1=2R2
c) R2=2R1
d) there is no relation between R1and R2
111.A voltmeter 100V range is of 9000 ohm resistance and another
voltmeter of range 80v has a resistance of 11000 ohm. This
combination is connected across 120v. The reading of voltmeter of
100v range will be
a) 54V
b) 44 V
c) 66V
d) 56V
112.The ratio of resistance to conductance is
a) 1:R
b) R:1
c) 1:R2
d) R2:1
113.The ratio of conductance to resistance is
a) 1:R
b) R:1
c) 1:R2
d) R2:1
114.The ratio of resistivity to conductivity is
a) 1:
b) :1
c) 1: 2
d) 2 :1
115.The temperature coefficient of resistance is positive for
a) aluminium
b) carbon c) germanium d) none of the above
116.Which one of the following is the best material for making
connecting wires?
a) manganinb) constantan c) copper
d) nichrome
117.Which one of the following is the best material for making standard
resistance wire?
a) tungsten
b) constantan c) copper
d) iron
39
118.A primary cell and a secondary cell have the same emf .Which of
these will provide higher value of the maximum current that can
be drawn?
a) primary cell
b) secondary cell
d) both primary cell and secondary cell
d) none of these
119.A wire has a resistance of 10 ohm. If it is stretched by one tenth of
its original length , then its resistance will be
a) 10 ohm
b) 12.1 ohm
c) 9 ohm
d) 11 ohm
120.A wire has a resistance of 10 ohm. A second wire of the same

material having length double and radius of cross-section half that
of the first wire is there. The resistance of the second wire.
a) 20 ohm
b) 40 ohm
c) 80 ohm
d) 10 ohm.
121.The resistance of a wire is R1 ohm. The wire is stretched to double
its length the resistance become R2. Now, the ratio of R1 and R2 is
a) 1:1
b) 1:2
c) 1:4
d)4:1
122.The resistance of a wire is R1 ohm. The wire is stretched to double
its length the resistance become R2. Now, the ratio of their resistivity
is
a) 1:1
b) 1:2
c) 1:4
d)4:1
123.Three resistances R1 , R2 and R3 are connected in parallel. The
resultant resistance R is
a) less than any of the three resistances
b) equal to sum of the three resistances
c) greater than the sum of the three resistances d) none of the above
124.The specific resistance of the material of the wire depends on the
a) area of cross-section b) length c) mass d) none of the above
125.Two unequal resistances are connected in parallel in a circuit .
Which one of the following statements is correct?
a) the current is same in both the resistances
b) the smaller resistance has the smaller conductance
c)a large current flows through the larger resistance
d) the voltage drop across both the resistances is same
126.The difference of potential between the terminals of a cell in an
open circuit is called
a) emf
b) resistance
c) capacitance
d) potential difference
40
127.The difference of potential between the terminals of a cell in an

closed circuit is called
a) emf
b) resistance
c) capacitance d) potential difference
128. n similar resistors each of resistance r when connected in
parallel has the total resistance R. When these resistances are
connected in series , the total resistance will be
a) n2R
b) nR
c) R/n
d) R/n2
129.Ten identical resistances each having a resistance of 1 are joined
in parallel. Then combination has the resistance has the resistance of
a) 10
b) 1
c) 0.1
d) 0.01
130.In a Wheatstone bridge the resistances in the ratio arms are 100
and 150 respectively. If R=80 , the resistance of the fourth arm
will be
a) 120
b) 80
c) 150
d) 70
131.A wire has resistance 12 ohm. It is bent in the form of a circle .The
effective resistance between the two points on any diameter of the
circle is
a) 12
b) 24
c) 6
d)3
132.In Wheatstones bridge ,P=9, Q=11 , R=4 and S= 6. How
much resistance must be put in parallel to the resistance S to
balance the bridge?
a) 24
b) 44/9
c) 26.4
d) 18.7
133.These are behaving like thermistor.
a) insulators and conductors b) semiconductors and conductors
c) conductors and alloys
d) insulators and semiconductors
134.When three resistors are connected in series then the value of the
effective resistance is
a) less than the individual resistance
b) greater than the individual resistance
c)greater than or equal to individual resistance
d)less than or equal to individual resistance
135.In the case of Wheatstones bridge , the bridge balance condition
will be obtained only when
a) the current through the galvanometer is maximum
b) the current through the galvanometer is minimum
41
c) the current through the galvanometer is zero

d) the current through the galvanometer is infinity
136.If 0.2 is the resistance per unit length of the wire, then the
resistance of the Metre bridge wire is
a) 2
b) 200
c) 0.2
d) 20
137.The mass of substance liberated during electrolysis is 0.6 g when 4A
of current flow for 2 minute. The chemical equivalent of the
substance is
a) 2.5x10-6kg C-1
b) 1.75x10-6kg C-1
c) 1.5x10-6kg C-1
d) 1.25x10-6kg C-1
138.The graph between voltage and current for ohmic conductors is
a) curve
b) straight line b) parabola
d) ellipse
139.If a wire of resistivity is stretched to double its length , then its

new resistivity will
a) be half
b) be double
c) be four times d) not change
140.As the temperature increases, resistivity of metals
a) remains constant
b) decreases b)increases d) becomes zero
141. As the temperature decreases, resistivity of materials
a) increases
b) increases and decreases
c) decreases
d) remains constant
142.Which of the following is an identical pair?
a) germanium, silicon
b) silver, wood
c) aluminium, constantan
d) backelite, iron
143.At the critical temperature the resistance of a superconductor
a) increases rapidly
b) decreases rapidly
c) remains constant
d) increases slowly
144.Abird sitting on an insulated wire carrying a current feels quite safe
because
a) the bird is a non-conductor of electricity
b) resistance of the bird is very large
c) there is a large potential difference between bird and wire
d) there is no potential difference between bird and wire
145.Resistivity and resistance of superconductors is
a) low, high b) zero, infinity c) zero , zero d)large , very large
th
146.Which term is not connected with a Voltaic cell?

a) copper electrodes b) spongy lead
c) zinc electrode
d) dilute sulphuric acid
147.In primary cells electric energy is derived by
a) reversible chemical reactions b) isothermal process
c) irreversible chemical reactions d) adiabatic process
148.The specific resistance of wire depends on
a) its radius
b) its length
c) the material of the wire
d) the shape of the wire
149.The resistance of a
a) thick conductor is less than that of a thin conductor
b) thin conductor is less than that of a thick conductor
c) short conductor is more than that of a long conductor
d) both (a) and ( c)
150.The current flowing through a conductor is

a) directly proportional to drift velocity
b) inversely proportional to drift velocity
c) numerically equal to drift velocity
d) independent of drift velocity
151.If the radius of the conducting wire is doubled its resistivity
a) is doubled
b) remains the same
c) is halved
d) is four time is initial value
152.The drift velocity acquired by unit electric field is called
a) conductivity b) resistitivity c) mobility d) conductance
153.The drift velocity does not depend upon
a) magnetic field
b) mass of the electron
c) charge of the electron
d) relaxation time
154.Charging is the process of reproducing
a) current
b) voltage
c) power
d) active material
155.A wire of resistance R is divided into 10 equal parts. These parts are
connected in parallel, the equivalent resistance of such connection
will be
a) 0.01R
b) 0.1R
c) 10R
d) 100R
156.Wheatstone bridge is used to measure
43
a) emf
b) resistance
c) current d) inductance
157.Manganin wire used in metre bridge and potentiometer has
a) zero resistivity
b) high resisitivity
c) low temperature coefficient of resistance
d) high temperature of resistance
158.The length and area of cross section of a conductor are doubled
its resistance will be
a) halved b) unchanged c) doubled d) increases four times
159.The direction of current and the direction of electrons are always
a) equal
b) same
c) opposite
d) parallel
160.The net charge stored at any junction is equal to
a) zero
b) maximum
c)negative
d)positive
161.If a steady current is flowing through the potentiometer wire, then
the potential difference across any length is
a) directly proportional to square of the length
b) inversely proportional to square of the length
c) inversely proportional to the length
d) directly proportional to the length
162.Thick copper strips, which is used in metre bridge have
a) low temperature coefficient
b) high temperature coefficient
c) high resistance
d) low resistance
163.The high resistance which is connected in the secondary circuit of a
potentiometer allows
a) high current through the galvanometer
b) low current through the galvanometer
c) zero current through the galvanometer
d) negative current through the galvanometer
164.The positive ions which are mostly formed from metals or
hydrogen are called
a) anions b) cations c) positive particles d) atoms
165.The emf of a cell is always
a) less than its potential
b) greater than its potential
c) equal to its potential
d) equal to negative
166.The emf is
a) directly proportional to the resistance in the external circuit
44
b) inversely proportional to the resistance in the external circuit

c) independent of the resistance in the external circuit d)is a force
167.The resistance offered to electric flow by a conductor of unit length
and unit area is known as
a) electrical resistivity
b) electrical conductivity
c) electrical permittivity
d) electrical mobility
168.The conductivity of a conductor defends on the _____ of the
conductor
a) length b) material c) resistance d) area of crass section
169. The direction of conventional current is
a) the direction in which the negative charges flow
b) the direction in which the positive charges flow
c) opposite to the direction in which the positive charges flow
d) independent of the direction of both positive and negative
charges low
170.The electrical resistivity of a conductor is
a)directly proportional to its length
b) inversely proportional to its area
c) inversely proportional to its
d) a constant to a given conductor
171.The term mobility is given by
a) = Ee / m
b) = e / E c) = e / m
d) = Ee /
172.Electromotive force is
a) the force required to move electrons
b) the force required to move electrons in all directions
c) the force required to move electrons in a particular direction
d) the work done in moving a unit charge from one end to the other
of a conductor
173.One kilowatt hour is equal to
a)36x106 J b) 3.6x106 J
c) 3.6x105 J
d) 36x103 J
174.The potential difference between two ends of a wire carrying 2A
current is 4V .The power is
a) 8 W
b) 6 W
c) 2 W
d) 4 W
175.In a watt meter , the deflection of the pointer produced by the
current flow is
45
a) directly proportional to the power

b) inversely proportional to the power
c) directly proportional to the resistance
d) inversely proportional to the resistance
176.A current of 5 A flows through a coil of resistance 0.5 ohm. Then
power generated is
a) 2.5 W
b) 10 W
c) 12.5 W
d) 25 W
177.According to Faradays law of electrolysis , when a current is
passed , the mass of ions deposited at the cathode is independent of
a) current
b) charge
c) time
d) resistance
178.A carbon resistance reads Red-Red-Black. What is its resistance?
a) 2.2
b) 22
c) 220
d) 22K
179.The internal resistance of a freshly prepared cell is
a) zero
b) high
c) very high d) low
180.Due to ageing , the internal resistance of a cell
a) remains constant
b) decreases c) increases d) becomes zero
181.Which of these is not a feature of Daniel cell?
a) copper vessel
b) zinc rod
c) 1.08V
d) 1.5V
182.Which of these is not a primary cell?
a) Daniel cell b) Lithium button cell c) Lechlanche cell d) dry cell
183. Which of these is not a feature of Lechlanche cell?
a)carbon rod, zinc rod
b) zinc chloride
c) ammonium chloride
d) 1.5V,0.25A
184.The emf produced in a Lechlanche cell is about
a) 1.08V b) 2.2V c) 2V
d) 1.5V
185.A Lechlanche cell can supply a current of
a) 0.1 A
b) 0.25A
c) 2.2 A
d) 1.5 A
186.During charging and discharging the specific gravity of lead acid
accumulator should lie between
a) 1.28-1.2
b) 1.9 1.28
c) 1.28 1.12 d)1.8 -1.2
187.When 1 C of charge is allowed to flow through the electrolyte , the
mass of ions deposited is equal to
a) electro chemical equivalent b)equivalent weight of the substance
c) atomic weight of the substance d) mass of 10000 atoms of silver
188.There are three resistances 2,3 and 5 connected in parallel to a
battery of 10 V and of negligible resistance. The potential drop
across 3 resistance is
th
a) 2V
b) 5V
c) 3V
d) 10V
189.The sequence of bands on carbon resistor is brown, black, black and
gold. The value of resistance is either
a) 40 or 50
b) 105 or 95
c) 75 or 85
d) 145 or 155
190.A 50V battery is connected across a 10ohm resistor . The current is
4.5 A .The internal resistance of the battery is
a) zero
b) 0.5
c) 1.1
d) 5
191.The smallest resistance which can be obtained with ten 0.1 ohm
resistor is
a) 1 ohm b) 0.1 ohm
c) 0.01 ohm
d) 0.001 ohm
192.We have n resistors each of resistance R. The ratio of the
combination for maximum and minimum value is
a) n
b) n2
c) n3
d) 1/n
193.The resistance of two conductors in series is 40 and this becomes
7.5 in parallel . The resistances are
a) 20 , 20
b) 30 , 10 c) 15 , 25 d) 18, 22
194.In the case of lead accumulator each plate is converted to
a) Pb during discharge
b) PbO2during discharge
c) PbSO4 during discharge
d) PbO during discharge
195.Three cells each of emf 1.5V and internal resistance 1 are
connected in parallel. Then the emf combination is
a) 1.5V
b) 5V
c) 4.5V d) 3V
196.The resistances in left and right gaps of a metre bridge are 4 and
6. The balance point is obtained at
a) 20 cm
b) 40 cm
c) 30 cm
d)25 cm
197.Three resistances each of 2 are connected to form a triangle .The
resistance between any two terminals is
a) 6
b) 1
c) 4/3
d) 4
198.The temperature coefficient of resistance of alloys is usually
a) more than pure metals
b) less than pure metals
c) equal to pure metals
d) nothing can be said
199.The length of two copper wires are in the ratio 4:2. If their diameters
are in the ratio 2:4 then the ratio of their resistances is
a) 8:1
b)16:1
c) 4:1:
d) 1:4
200.A current of 4A flows through a resistance of 30 . The power
47
consumed is
a) 240W
b) 480W
c) 360W
d)120W
II. IMPORTANT UNITS
1.The unit of electric current is .
2.The unit of drift velocity is .
3.The unit of mobility is
4.The unit of electric current density is .
5.The unit of resistance is .
6.The unit of conductance is .
7.The unit of specific resistance or resistivity is
8.The unit of conductivity is .
9.The unit of temperature of coefficient of resistance is .
10.The unit of internal resistance is .
11.The unit of electrical energy is ...
12.The unit of electrical power is
13.The practical unit of electrical energy is ..
14.The unit of electrochemical equivalent is .
1.The drift velocity of the electrons is of the order of .
2.The resistivity of metals and alloys are of the order of .
3.The resistivity of insulators is of the order of .
4.The resistivity of semiconductors is of the order of
5.Mercury becomes a superconductor at.
6. The tolerance of silver ring is ..
7. The tolerance of gold ring is
8. The tolerance of red ring is .
9. The tolerance of brown ring is ..
10.The absence of any coloured ring at the end of resistor , corresponds to
tolerance level of
11.One kilowatt hour is equal to
12.The emf of voltic cell is .
13.The emf of lead-acid cell is .
14.The emf of Daniel cell is ..
15.The emf of Leclanche cell is about
16.Leclanche cell can supply a current of ..
17.The specific gravity of the lead - acid accumulator is ..
48
18.The specific gravity of the electrolyte in secondary cells, while

accumulator is charging and discharging should lie between
1.Current flowing through a wire is .
2.Acceleration of electron in current flow is .
3. The drift velocity of an electron is .
4.The relation between current and drift velocity is
5. The mobility of a charges is ..
6.The current density is .
7.Potential difference between the two point by Ohms law is
8.Resistance of a conductor is
9.Electrical resistivity (specific resistance ) is ..
10.Conductance of a conductor is
11.Conductivity of a conductor is
12.Condition to balance Wheatstones network is
13.Unknown resistance by metre bridge experiment is .
14.Temperature coefficient of resistance is
15.The internal resistance of a cell is
16.Emf of a cell connected in the secondary circuit of a potentiometer is
17.The effective resistance connected in series is ..
18.The effective resistance connected in parallel is ..
19.Ratio between the emfs of two cell is
20.Electric power is
21.Eletrical energy is .
22.Mass of the substance liberated during electrolysis is ..
23.The electrochemical equivalent is .
I. DEFINITIONS:
1. Define electric current.

2. Define current density.
3. Define mobility.
4. Define electrical resistivity of a material.( specific resistance)
th
5. Define conductance.
6. Define conductivity,
7. Define temperature coefficient of resistance.
8. Define emf.
9. Define drift velocity.
10. Define Resistance.
11. Define electric power.
12. Define electrochemical equivalent of a substance.
13. Define superconductivity.
14. Define Transition temperature.
15. Define the effective resistance of the resistors connected parallel.
16. Define the effective resistance of the resistors connected series.
17. Define charging and discharging.
18. Define internal resistance.
19. Define electrolysis.
II. LAWS AND PRINCIPLES
20. State Ohms law.

21. State Kichoffs laws.
22. StateFaradays laws of electrolysis.
III.USES.(APPLICATIONS)
23. List any three applications of superconductors.

24. State the uses of secondary cells.
25. State the use of Watt meter.
IV. ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES (LIMITATIONS)
DRAW BACKS.
26. What are the merits of secondary cell?

V.REASONING QUESTIONS
27. Why is copper wire not suitable for a potentiometer?

50
28. Why automobile batteries have low internal resistance?

29. Is emf a force? Explain.
VI.DISTINGUISHING AND DIFFERENTIATING QUESTIONS
30.
31.
32.
33.
Distinguish between drift velocity and mobility.

Distinguish between electric power and electric energy.
Distinguish between emf and potential difference.
Distinguish between primary and secondary cells.
VII.THEORY QUESTIONS
34. Name the three changes observed at the transition temperature.

35. The colour of carbon resistor is orange, orange, orange. What is the
value of resistor.
36. What is the carbon resistor ? State the merits of them.
37. What is Thermistor?
38. Explain the function of Wattmeter.
1.Calculate the number of electrons constitute current of one ampere.
2.How many electrons will be there in 5A current?
3.6.25x1018 electrons flow through a conductor in 5 second . Then
calculate the current in the circuit.
4.Calculate the time taken by 1019 electrons to flow through a point , so
that the current is 0.8A.
5.A copper wire of 1mm2 area of cross section carries a current of 3A .
Calculate the current density.
6.The average time between two successive collisions of an electron is
3.64x10-8s. Find its mobility.
7.The drift velocity of an electric field of 2x104Vm-1 is 10-3ms-1. Find
drift velocity.
8.The potential difference between two plates by a distance of 25 cm is
200V. Calculate the electric field between them.
51
9.A metal wire of current density 3.2x107Am-2 has 1028 electrons per
cubic metre . Find the average drift velocity.
10.A copper conductor of one metre long and 1 m2 area of cross-section
has 3.5x106 free electrons . The drift velocity of the electrons is
3.5x106ms-1 . Calculate the current flowing through the conductor if
the charge on an electron is 1.6x10-19C .
11.Current through a coil is 20mA when the potential difference cross it
is 50V. Calculate the resistance of the coil.
12.Calculate the voltage across the resistance of 10 ohm if 2A current
flows through it.
13.A 2V cell is connected across a load of 100 ohm. Calculate the
current and power supplied by it.
14.Two resistances of a given material have the same area of crosssection if their lengths are 60 cm and 80 cm respectively. Then find
the ratio of the resistances.
15.Two resistances of a given material , having the same lengths and in
the ratio 3:2.If the area of cross-section of the first wire is 10-6 m2 ,
find the area of cross-section of the second wire.
16.The resistance of a conducting wire of length 2.2m and diameter
0.14mm is 30 ohm. Calculate its resistivity.
17.Resistane of a metal wire of length 10 cm is 2 ohm. Find the new
resistance if the wire is stretched to 40 cm.
18.Three resistances 2,4 and 6 are connected in series. Find their
effective resistance.
19.Four resistances each5 are connected in series. Find the effective
resistance .
20. The temperature coefficient of resistance of a wire is 0.003/0C.If its
resistance at 00C is 6, find its resistance at 600C.
21.The resistance of a wire at 00C is 6. If its resistance at 500C is 7.5,
find the temperature coefficient of resistance of the wire .
22.The resistance of a conductor is 5at 500C and 6 at 1000C, then
find the resistance at 00C.
23.An unknown resistance P is connected in the left gap of a metre
bridge and a standard resistance 3 in the right gap. If the
galvanometer shows zero deflection when the jockey is pressed at a
52
point 40cm from A , find the value of P.

24.A 10resistance is connected in series with a cell of 5.1V. A
voltmeter connected in parallel to cell reads 5V.Calculate the
internal resistance of the cell.
25.A cell of emf 2 V sends a current of 0.5A through a resistance of 3.
Find the internal resistance of the cell.
26.In a potentiometer a cell of emf 1.5V balances at a length of 270 cm .
If another cell balances at 360 cm for the same current what will be
its emf?
27.The balancing lengths of two cells when compared using a
potentiometer is 450 cm and 600 cm. find the ratio of the emfs of the
two cells.
28.A bulb is labeled as 250V,100W.What is the resistance of the
filament of the bulb in ohm?
29.When a current of 5A flows through a conductor of resistance 3,
find the loss of power due to Joule heating effect.
30.An electric iron of resistance 40 is operated at 200V for one hour.
Calculate the electric energy consumed.
31.A small heating element made of nichrome resistor connected to a
30V d.c. supply draws a current of 10A.Calculte the heat produced in
2 hour.
32.A current of 4A flows through a 12 resistor. Find the rate at which
heat energy is produced in the resistor.
33.In an electroplating experiment m gram of silver is deposited when
4A of current flows for 2 minute. Calculate the amount of silver
deposited by 6A of current for 40s.
34.The electrochemical equivalent of chromium is 1.8x10-7
kg C-1. Calculate the mass of chromium deposited if 2A current flows
for 30 minute.
35.Currents of 2A and 5A flow respectively for 30 minute through a
copper voltmeter. Find t he ratio of the mass of the substances
liberated.
36.The chemical equivalent of hydrogen and aluminium are 1 and 9
respectively. If mass of aluminium liberated when 1A current flows
for one hour is 1.5 gram, find the mass of hydrogen liberated when
same current flows for the same time.
53
37.One ampere current flows for one minute through a silver voltameter.
If 0.067 gram of silver is deposited on the cathode ,find the electro
chemical equivalent of silver.
38.A current of 2A flows through a silver voltameter. If the mass of
silver deposited in 30 minute is 2.41gram. Calculate the mass of
silver deposited in 1 hour.
39.Resistance of a metal wire of length 10 cm is 2. If the wire is
stretched uniformly to 50 cm, find the new resistance.
40.The colour code on a carbon resistor is red-red-black. Find the
resistance of the resistor.
VII.SHORT ANSWER (5 MARK QUESTIONS)
1.Distinguish between drift velocity and mobility. Establish a relation
between drift velocity and current.
2.Explain the determination of internal resistance of a cell using voltmeter.
3.Derive an expression for the effective resistance of a series of resistors with
a neat diagram
4. Derive an expression for the effective resistance of resistors in parallel
with a neat diagram.
5.What are the applications of super conductors?
6.Explain the principle of potentiometer with a neat sketch.
7.State and explain Kirchoffs laws of electrical network.
8.Describe an expression to find unknown resistance and temperature of
coefficient of resistance using meter bridge.
9.Define the term specific resistance . How will you find this using a
metre bridge?
10.How can emf of two cells be compared using potentiometer?
11.Obtain the conditions for zero deflection in the Wheatstones
network.
13.State and explain Faradays first law of electrolysis.
14. State and explain Faradays second law of electrolysis
15.With the help of a neat diagram describe Daniel cell and explain the
reactions taking place in it.
16.Describe Leclanche cell with the help of a diagram
17.Explain the construction and action of the lead acid accumulator.
54
&
KEY- 2 LESSON
21
41
61
81
101
121
141
161
181
22
42
62
82
102
122
142
162
182
23
43
63
83
103
123
143
163
183
24
44
64
84
104
124
144
164
184
25
45
65
85
105
125
145
165
185
26
46
66
86
106
126
146
166
186
27
47
67
87
107
127
147
167
187
28
48
68
88
108
128
148
168
188
29
49
69
89
109
129
149
169
189
10
30
50
70
90
110
130
150
170
190
11
31
51
71
91
111
131
151
171
191
12
32
52
72
92
112
132
152
172
192
13
33
53
73
93
113
133
153
173
193
14
34
54
74
94
114
134
154
174
194
15
35
55
75
95
115
135
155
175
195
16
36
56
76
96
116
136
156
176
196
17
37
57
77
97
117
137
157
177
197
55
18
38
58
78
98
118
138
158
178
198
19
39
59
79
99
119
139
159
179
199
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
3.EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

1.The heat developed in half a minute , in a resistor of resistance 5 is
15,000 joule, the current through the resistor is
a) 5A
b) 100A
c) 40A
d) 10A
2. 5A of current flowing through a resistor for 2minutes produces 3000J
of heat .The value of the resistance is
a) 1 b) 2
c) 4
d) 5
3.Seebeck effect is
a) reversible process
b) converse of Peltier effect
c) irreversible process
d) all the above
4.A thermocouple uses
a) Joule effect b) Seebeck effect c) Thomson effect d) all the above
5.Seebeck effect produces
a) heat only b) either heat or cold c) thermo emf d) cold only
6.Thermo emf does not depend on
a) the material of the wire
b) temperature of the hot junction
c) length of the conductors
d) temperature of the cold junction
7.At neutral temperature , the thermo emf
c) is constant d) zero
8.The neutral temperature depends on the
a) temperature of hot junction b) temperature of cold junction
c) metals in the thermocouple d) all the above
9.The Peltier effect is maximum at . Junction
a) hot
b) cold
c) hot and cold
d) all the above
10.Current carrying conductors relates
a) electric field b) magnetic field c) electrostatic field d) all the above
56
11.Maxwells right hand cork screw rule gives

a) strength of the electric current
b) direction of the current
c) strength of the magnetic current d) direction of the magnetic field
12.At the centre of the current carrying plane loop, the lines of force is
to the plane of the circular loop.
a) parallel
b) perpendicular
c) tangential
d) radial
13.When I ampere current is passed through long straight conductor then
the magnetic induction at a point on the conductor is
a)zero
b) infinite
c) 2I/r
d) 0 /2a
14.A charged particle entre at right angles into a uniform magnetic field is
a) straight line
b) circular path c) elliptical path d) parabolic path
15.Magnetic induction at the centre of the current carrying circular coil is
a)proportional to the radius of the coil
b) inversely proportional to radius of the coil
c) proportional to the square of radius of the coil
d)inversely proportional to the square of the radius of the coil
16.If the radius of the coil halved and number of turns doubled , then the
magnetic field at the centre of the coil carrying current will be
a) get doubled
b) get halved
c) become four times
d) remains unchanged
17.A tangent galvanometer shows same deflection at two different places. It
implies that in both places
a) current is same
b)BH is same
c)both current and BH same
d) either(a) or (b)
18.Workdone by a Lorentz force is
a)zero if =900 b) zero if =450 c) always zero d) maximum if =900
19.For a solenoid whose length is very large compared to its radius the
magnetic field at points outside the solenoid is
a) maximum
b) minimum
c) zero
d) 1/0
20.An alpha particle enters a magnetic field of 1 tesla with a velocity
106 m/s in a direction perpendicular to the field. The force on alpha
particle is
a) 1.6x10-13N b) 6.4x10-13N c) 4.8x10-13N d) 3.2x10-13N
21.The period of revolution of a charged particle inside a cyclotron does not
depend on
a) the magnetic induction
b) the charge of the particle
th
c) the velocity of the particle

d) the mass of the particle
22.The torque on a rectangular coil placed in a uniform magnetic field is
large when
a) the number of turns is large
b) the number of turns is less
c) the plane of the coil is perpendicular to the field
d) the area is small
23.The resultant magnetic momentum of an electron is due to
a) the spin motion alone
b) the orbital motion alone
c)both the spin and orbital motion d) neither (a) or (b)
24.For steady current I, the amount of heat produced in time t is
a) VIt
b) V2It
c) I/Vt
d) VI2t
25.When the number of turns in a galvanometer is increased the voltage
sensitivity
a) increases b) decreases c) remains constant d) either (a) or (b)
26.A galvanometer of resistance G is shunted with S the effective
resistance of the combination is Ra. Then which of the following
statements is true?
a) G is less than S
b) S is less than Ra but greater than G
c) Ra is less than both G and S
d) S is less than both G and Ra
27.In which of the following , Joule heating effect undesirable ?
a) electric iron
b) electric toaster
c) transformer and dynamos
d) fuse wire
28.Which one of the following is not a thermoelectric effect?
a) Peltier effect
b) Thomson effect
c) Joule effect
d) Seebeck effect
29.Position of the metal in the thermoelectric series depends on
a) temperature
b) nature of the metal
c) magnitude of thermo emf
d) atomic number of metal
30.Electric filament lamp is working on the basis of
a) Joules heating effect
b) Peltier effect
c) Thomson effect
d) Seebeck effect
31.Heating element of an electric heater should be made with a material
which should have
a) high specific resistance and high melting point
b) high specific resistance and low melting point
c) low specific resistance and low melting point
d) low specific resistance and high melting point
58
32.Two identical wires are first connected in series and then in parallel with
a voltage source. The ratio of heat developed in two cases is
a)2:1
b) 1:2
c) 4:1
d)1:4
33.Current is flowing through a conductor of resistance 10 ohm indicate in
which of the following cases the maximum heat will be generated.
a) 5A passing for 2 minute
b) 4A passing for 3 minute
c) 3A passing for 6 minute
d) 2A passing for 5 minute
34.If the heating element of an electric toaster has resistance of 22 ohm and
is connected to an voltage source of 110 V, the amount of heat
generated in 1minute is
a) 33KJ
b) 22 KJ
c) 66 KJ
d) 3.3KJ
35.Magnetic induction at a point due to infinitely long straight conductor
carrying current at a distance of a from the axis
a) directly proportional to a b) directly proportional to a2
c) inversely proportional to a d) inversely proportional to a2
36.In a tangent galvanometer , the plane of the coil should be adjusted to be
in
a) geographic meridian
b) magnetic meridian
c) any direction
d) parallel to east-west direction
37.If the reduction factor of a tangent galvanometer is 0.866 A , then the
current that produces a deflection of 300
a) 450mA
b) 500mA
c) 780 mA
d) 520A
38.Fuse wire has
a)37%lead and 63% tin
b) 63% lead and 37% tin
c) 37% copper and 63% tin d) 63% copper and 37% tin
39.An electron is moving with a velocity of 3x106 m/s perpendicular to a
magnetic field of 0.5T, then the force experienced by the electron is
a)24x10-14N b) 24x10-13 N c) 13.6x10-27 N d) 13.6x10-11 N
40.An -particle with (e/m)ratio 4.8x108 C kg-1travels in a circular path of
radius 0.45m in a magnetic field of 1.2T, then the speed of the - particle
is
a) 2.6x104 m/s
b) 2.6x105 m/s c) 2.6x108 m/s d) 1.3x107 m/s
41.Tangent law is used when
a) two uniform and mutually perpendicular magnetic fields are present
b) two uniform and mutually parallel magnetic fields are present
c) two magnetic fields are present
th
d) horizontal component of the earths magnetic field is present

42.If a current carrying loop is placed in a magnetic field by its plane
a) perpendicular to the field ; it will rotate
b) perpendicular to the field; it will not rotate
c) parallel to the field ; it will not rotate
d) perpendicular or parallel ; it will not rotate
43.When the number of turns n in a galvanometer is doubled, current
sensitivity
a) remains constant
b) decreases twice
c) increases twice
44. When the number of turns n in a galvanometer is doubled, voltage
sensitivity
a) remains constant
b) decreases twice
c) increases twice
45.The deflection in moving coil galvanometer is reduced to half, when it is
shunted with a resistance of 40 ohm, then the resistance of the
galvanometer will be
a) 80 ohm
b) 40 ohm
c) 20 ohm
d)10 ohm
46.A galvanometer of resistance 50 ohm is shunted with a wire of 10 ohm.
The current through the galvanometer when the current in the circuit is
12 A is
a)3A
b) 2A
c) 5A
d) 6A
47.The unit of reduction factor of tangent galvanometer is
a) No unit
b) tesla
c) ampere
d) ampere/ degree
48.Thermopile is used to
a) measure temperature
b) measure current
c) detect thermal radiation
d) measure pressure
49.The torque experienced by a rectangular current loop placed
perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field is
a) maximum b) zero c) minimum
d) infinity
50.Which of the following produces large Joule heating effect?
a) 1A current through 2resistor for 3 second
b) 1A current through 3resistor for 2 second
c) 2A current through 1resistor for 2 second
d) 3A current through 1resistor for 1 second
51.A galvanometer of resistance G ohm is shunted with S ohm. The
60
resistance of ammeter so formed is Ra, then which of the following

statement is wrong?
a) G S
b) Ra S G c) Ra S d) Ra S G
52.When a charged particle moves perpendicular to a magnetic field its
kinetic energy
c) does not change d) becomes zero
53.Two identical galvanometer are converted into ammeters using shunts of
values S1 and S2 . S1 is used to measure milli ampere and S 2 to measure
ampere . Then
a) S1 S2
b) S1 S2 c) S2 = 1000S1
d) S1+ S2 = 1000
54.In cyclotron , the time period of rotation of a charged particle depends
on
a) velocity of the particle
b) radius of the circular path
c) magnetic induction
d) high frequency electric field
55.The metal which is not having negative Thomson effect
a) Bi
b) Ni
c) Cd
d) Co
56.The direction of force on a current carrying conductor placed in a
magnetic field is given by
a) Flemings left hand rule
b) Flemings right hand rule
c) End rule
d) Right hand palm rule
57.The neutral temperature of a thermocouple depends on
a) temperature of cold junction
b) temperature of hot junction
c) metals which make the thermocouple d) none of these.
58.The radius of the circular path of an electron moving in a uniform
magnetic field is directly proportional to
a) the velocity v
b) 1/ mass of the electron
c) charge q of the electron
d) magnetic field B
59.Cyclotron could not accelerated the electrons because
a) electron has low mass b) the velocity of electron is high
c) there is a relative mass variation of electron at high velocity
d) the radius increases when the electron is on motion
60.The current sensitivity of a galvanometer decreases by increasing
a) the magnetic field
b) the area of the coil
c) the couple per unit twist of the suspension wire
d) the number of turns
61.The voltage sensitivity of a galvanometer does not change by changing
th
the value of
a) the magnetic field
b) area of the coil
c) couple per unit twist
d)the number of turns
62.In an ammeter the amount of current flowing through low resistance is
given by
a) Is =I(Ig /S+G) b) Is =I g(G /S+G) c) Is =G(I /I+Ig) d) Is =I(G/S+G)
63.An - particle moves with a speed of 5x105ms-1 at an angle of 300with
respect to a magnetic field of induction 10-4T. Then the force acting on
the particle is
a) 4x10-15 N b) 8x10-18 N c) 16x10-16N
d) 4x10-3 N
64.A current of 5A flows through two long straight parallel wires kept at a
distance 10 cm in air . Then the force acting between them per unit
length is
a) 4.9x10-5N b) 25x10-7N
c) 5x10-5N
d) 10x10-6N
65.The period of rotation of an electron moving in circular path in a
magnetic field of induction 1 tesla normal to it is
a)6.28x10-19s
b) 3.58x10-11s c) 6.25x10-9s
d) 1 s
66.The amount of heat energy evolved or absorbed in Peltier effect is
a) low at cold junction ; high at hat junction
b) high at cold junction ; low at hat junction
c) twice at the hot junction as that of the temperature at cold junction
d) equal on both junction
67.In a cyclotron, the frequency of accelerated charge increases
a) with increase in its mass
b) with increase in magnetic field
c) with decrease in magnetic field d) with decrease in its charge
68.In a moving coil galvanometer , the hemispereical magnetic poles
produce a magnetic field in which the plane of the coil is ---- to the field
in all position
a) perpendicular
b) parallel
c) maximum
d) zero
69.The low resistance connected to a galvanometer to get an ammeter of
desirable range is
a) S= GI/I-Ig b) S= GIg/ I-Ig c) S= G(Ig-I) / Ig d) S= G(Ig-I) / I
70.The current flowing through the galvanometer in an ammeter is given by
a) Ig=IS/S+G b) Ig=IG/S+G c) Ig=IS/S-G
d) Ig=IG/S-G
71.The magnetic field produced at a point 20 cm from a long straight
conductor carrying current 5A is
62
a) 10x10-6T b) 4x10-6 T
c) 2.5x10-6 T
d) 5x10-6T
72.The resistance of the filament of a 60W, 220 V electric bulb is
a) 4k
b) 960
c) 250
d) 1440
73.Galvanometer has a resistance 100. It shows full scale deflection for a
current of 1mA . Then the resistance required to convert it into0-10 V
range Voltmeter is
a) 900
b) 9900
c) 9500
d) 4500
74. Galvanometer has a resistance 100. It shows full scale deflection for a
current of 50mA . Then the resistance required to convert it into0-5A
range Ammeter is
a) 0.1
b) 100/999
c) 0.01
d) 100/99
75.Two parallel wire each of length 10m are placed at a distance of 5 cm.
They carry a same current 3.5A in the same direction . Then the
attractive force between them is
a)4.9x10-4 N b) 3.6x10-4N
c) 2.5x10-6N
d) 1.6x10-5 N
76.The heat energy developed in a conductor of resistance 10 when 5A
current flows through it for a minute is
a) 15000 J
b) 3000J
c) 120J
d) 1500J
77.A conductor of length 50 cm is placed perpendicular in a uniform
magnetic field . When 5A current flows through it, the force acting on
the conductor is 5x10-3 N , then find the value of magnetic field.
a) 10x10-3T b) 4x10-3N
c) 2x10-3T
d) 6x10-3T
78.The magnetic field of induction at the centre of circular coil of radius
5cm carrying current 2A is
a) 10x10-7 T b) 40x10-6 T c) 8x10-6 T
d) 16x10-6T
79.A 500 mA current flows through a galvanometer coil makes it to turn
through an angle / 5 radian. If the galvanometer coil has 100 turns ,
then the galvanometer constant is
a) 100 / mA rad-1
b) 2500 / mA rad-1
c) 500 / mA rad-1
d) 20 / mA rad-1
80.A moving coil galvanometer of resistance 20 produces full scale
deflection for a current of 50mA . The resistance required to convert the
galvanometer into a voltmeter of range 20V is
a) 2380
b) 1980
c) 1480
d) 380
81.The force acting on a charge kept in a uniform magnetic field of
induction is
63
a) inversely proportional to the charge

b) zero
c) maximum if the motion is anti parallel to the field
d) inversely proportional to the magnetic field
82.Identify the metal in which positive Thomson effect was not occurred
a) Au
b) Hg
c) Ag
d) Zn
83.A galvanometer has a resistance of 100. A shunt resistance 1 is
connected across it. What part of total current flows through the shunt ?
a) 100/101
b) 1/101
c) 101/100
d) 99/100
84.Amount of heat released in any one of the junctions of a thermocouple
when 60C charge passes through it is 3600J. Its Peltier coefficient is
a) 0.0167 J/C b) 60 J/C c) 2.16x105 J/C d) 3600 C/J
85.Flux through galvanometer is 5x10-4 Wb, couple per unit twist is
25x10-5 N rad-1 and number of turns is 20. Its current sensitivity is
a) 40 radA-1 b) 2 radA-1
c) 10 radA-1
d) 200 radA-1
86.The magnetic induction at a point 1m away from a long conductor
carrying current of 1A is
a) 2x10-5T
b) 2x10-7T
c) 2 x10-5T
d) 2 x10-7T
87.The frequency of cyclotron to accelerated a proton in the field of 0.5T is
a) 7.6x10-6 Hz
b) 76 Hz c) 7.6x106 Hz d) 76x106 Hz
88.What will be the value of resistance added to galvanometer to convert it
into a voltmeter of range 20V having resistance 40 and current 2 mA?
a) 9960 in series
b) 9960 in parallel
c) 40 in series
d) 1000 in parallel
89.A long straight wire carrying current produces magnetic induction of
4x10-6 T at a point 150cm from the wire. The current through the wire is
a) 15A
b) 30A
c) 3A
d) 1.5A
90.The resistance to be connected with the galvanometer to convert it into
voltmeter of range 5V with current 50mA and galvanometer resistance
of 20 is
a) 80 in parallel
b) 80 in series
c) 800 in parallel
d) 800 in series
91.The galvanometer has a resistance of 40 and current 5 mA . the shunt

to be connected to make it an ammeter of range 2 A is
a)0.1
64
b) 40 k
c) 39
d) 0.399
92.In a moving coil galvanometer , the deflection of the coil is related to

the electric current I by the relation
a) I tan
b) I
c) i 2
d) i
93.Peltier co-efficient of a junction of a thermocouple depends on the pair

of metals in contact and
a) the current in the thermocouple b) time for which the current flows
c) temperature of the junction d)charge that passes through the junction
94.The deflection of a galvanometer falls from 50 divisions to 10 divisions
when 12 resistance is connected across the galvanometer. Then the
resistance of the galvanometer is
a) 48
b) 96
c) 120
d) 12
95.Amount of heat dissipated per second in a wire of resistance 5 through
which a current of 5A flows is
a) 125 Js-1
b) 250 Js-1
c) 50 Js-1
d) 75 Js-1
96.The magnetic field inside a solenoid is given by
a) infinite
b) 0nI
c) zero
d) nI
97.A magnetic field exerts no force on
a) a current carrying conductor
b) a magnet
c) a stationary charge
d) an unmagnetized iron bar
-27
98.A charged particle of mass 3.2x10 kg and charge 1.6x10-19C moves in a
circular orbit under the influence of perpendicular magnetic field of
strength 3.14 T , then the period of revolution of the particle is
a) 10-8 s
b) 2x10-8 s
c) 3x10-8 s
d) 4x10-8 s
99.When two resistance ,R1 and R2 are connected in parallel , to a source
of emf ,ratio of heat produced is
a) R2 / R1
b) R12 /R22
c) R1 / R2
d) R22 /R12
100.When the number of turns in a galvanometer is doubled , then
a) current sensitivity and voltage sensitivity doubled
b) current sensitivity is doubled and voltage sensitivity remains
unchanged
c) current sensitivity remains unchanged
d) voltage sensitivity is doubled
101.When two resistance ,R1 and R2 are connected in series , to a source of
emf ,ratio of heat produced is
a) R2 / R1
b) R12 /R22
c) R1 / R2
d) R22 /R12
65
102.How many 100w bulbs may be safely used on 220V with 5A fuse?
a) 22
b) 11
c) 10
d) 20
103.The graph of variation of thermo emf with temperature of hot junction
() indicates the following
a) For n emf increases and for n decreases with temperature
b) For small difference in temperature , it is a straight line graph
c) For large difference in temperature , it is a parabola
d) all of there
104.Which of the following statement is incorrect?
a) both Peltier and Thomson effects are reversible
b) Joule effect is reversible but not the Peltier effect
c) Joule effect is irreversible ,where as Thomson effect is reversible
d) the temperature of inversion of a thermocouple depends on the
temperature of cold junction.
105.If the radius of the coil and the number of turns are doubled , then the
magnetic field at the centre of the coil, for the same current will
a) get doubled
b) get halved c) remain same
d) get quadrupled
106.Tangent galvanometer is most sensitivity if
a) B BH
b) B BH
c) B BH
d) B = BH
107.If the radius of the coil halved and the number of turns are doubled ,
then the magnetic field at the centre of the coil, for the same current
will
a) get doubled b) get halved
c) remain same d) get quadrupled
108.By passing a current through the coil of T.G. , if the magnetic field at
the centre becomes equal in magnitude to that of horizontal component
of earths magnetic field , then the deflection is
a) 900
b) 00
c) 450
d) 600
109.Solenoid is commonly used to obtain
a) strong magnetic field
b) uniform magnetic field
c) decreasing magnetic field d) increasing magnetic field
110.Magnetic induction at the centre of circular coil of radius 10 cm with
500 turns is 12.56x10-3T. The current in the coil is
a) 1 A
b) 2A
c) 3A
d) 4A
111.By passing a current in the coil , the magnetic field produced at the
66
centre is 22T. If an iron rod is inserted in the coil, the magnetic field is
a) 22T
b) 22T
c) =22T
d) zero
112.The radii of the coils of two T.G are in the ratio 2:1. By passing same
current , if they show equal deflections , the number of turns are in the
ratio
a) 1:2
b) 2:1
c) 1:1
d) 1:4
0
113.A T.G. gives a deflection of 30 for certain place and 450 at another
place .The ratio of horizontal components of earths magnetic field at
two place is
a) 1:3
b) 3 : 1
c) 3:1
d) 1:3
114.The period of circular motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field
a) depends on its velocity alone
b) depends on the radius of the path alone
c) depends both on velocity and radius of the path
d) is independent of both its velocity and radius of its orbit
115.The magnetic field of induction applied to a cyclotron is 0.3T.The
frequency of the RF oscillator required to accelerate a particle of mass
1.67x10-27kg and charge 1.6x10-19 C is
a) 4.577 Hz
b) 45.77 Hz
c) 4.577MHz d) 45.77 KHz
116.A wire of length 50 cm carrying a current of 2A is placed inside a field
of magnetic induction 10T, such that it makes an angle of 600 with the
normal to the field .The force on the wire is
a) 5N
b) 10N
c) 15N
d) 20N
117.Two parallel conductors of length 20 cm each, carry currents 4A and
3A in same direction . The force between them when they are 3cm apart
is
a) 1.6x10-5 N repulsive
b) 3.2x10-5 N attractive
c) 3.2x10-5 N repulsive
d) 1.6x10-5 N attractive
118.A singly charged ion of mass 12.8x10-27kg moving with the speed of
6x106 ms-1 , describes a circular path of radius 1.5 m . The magnetic
field applied perpendicular to its path
a) 0.21 T
b) 0.45 T
c) 0.32T
d) 0.8T
119.If a galvanometer giving full deflection for 20 mA is converted into a
voltmeter to read 60V by connecting 2970 in series, the resistance of
the galvanometer is
th
a) 60
b) 30
c) 90
d) 130
120.An electron in hydrogen atom moves in an orbit of radius 0.5A . If the
magnetic moment associated with orbital motion is 1.256x10-23Am2 ,
the period of revolution of electron must be
a) 10-16s
b) 10-6 s
c) 3.14x10-16 s
d) 1.57x10-16s
121.What is relation between the voltage sensitivity v and current
sensitivity i of moving coil galvanometer, when G is galvanometer
resistance
a) v = Gi
b) v =i/G c) v =I d) none of these
122.The direction of the force experienced by a charged particle moving
with a velocity v in a uniform magnetic field B is
a) parallel to v and perpendicular to B
b) parallel to B and perpendicular to v
c) parallel to both v and B
d) perpendicular to both v and B
123.If only 2% of the current is to pass through a galvanometer of resistance
G, then resistance of shunt will be
a) G/50
b) G/49
c) 50 G d) 49G
124.A conductor of length l meter , carrying a current of I ampere is placed
to the direction of the magnetic field of induction B. The force acting on
the conductor per unit length is
a) BIl
b) zero
c) BI
d) Bil
125.If a shunt of 1 is connected to a galvanometer of (n-1), then the
fraction of current that flows through galvanometer is
a) n2
b) n-1
c) n+1
d) n-1
126.Period of rotation of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field does
not depend upon
a) charge
b) magnetic induction
c) velocity
d) mass
127.5 A of current flowing through a resistor for 2minute produces 3000Jof
heat. The value of resistance is
a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 5
128.In joules experiment the heat capacity of the calorimeter and content
is 150 J/K. If the initial and final temperature are 290C and 490
respectively, then the heat developed is
a) 150J
b) 3 kJ
c) 7.5 J
d) 300J
68
129.In joules experiment through a given resistor, a current of 5A and 7A

are passed successively for the same interval of time .Then the heat
developed in the two cases are in the ratio
a) 5:7
b) 25:49
c)7:5
d) 49:5
130.In Joules experiment some current is passed through two resistors 2
and 6 for same interval of time . Then the ratios of heat developed in
the two cases is
a) 1:9
b) 6:2
c) 1:3
d) 9:1
131.Which one of the following is not correct responding joules
calorimeter experiment?
a) H/R2 = constant
b) H/I2 =constant
c) H/R = constant
d) H/t = constant
132.In Joules calorimeter experiment, the water equivalent is 421
JK-1.The increase in temperature of the calorimeter and content is 9K.
The amount of heat liberated by heating element is
a) 421 J
b) 3789J
c) 46.8 J
d) 4304J
133.Fuse wire is an alloy of
a) lead and tin
b) tin and copper
c) lead and copper
d) lead and iron
134.Fuse wire
a) is an alloy of lead and copper b) has low resistance
c) has high resistance
d) has high melting point
135.Nichrome is used as a heating element because it has
a) low specific resistance
b) low specific conductance
c) high melting point
d) all the above
136.Choose the correct statement
a)Nichrome has low resistance and high melting
b) Fuse wire has high resistance and low melting point
c) Nichrome has high resistance and low melting
d) Fuse wire has low resistance and high melting point
137.A current of 2A flows through a resistor for 8s and a current of 8A
flows through the same resistor for 2s,the ratio of the heats developed
will be
a) 2:4
b) 1:2
c) 1:1
d) 1:4
138.In the following thermocouple , the direction of the thermo electric
current at the hot junction is from
a) Sb to Bi
b) Ni to Fe
c) Fe to Cu
d) Zn to Pt
th
139.The heating element that does not oxidize readily is an alloy of metals
made of
a) Nickel and Iron
b) Nickel and Chromium
c) Copper and Iron
d) Nickel and Copper
140.Above the neutral temperature the thermo emf
a) changes sign
b) is constant
c) increases with the rise in temperature
d) decreases with the rise in temperature
140.For a given thermocouple the neutral temperature
a)depends upon the temperature of cold junction
b) depends upon the temperature of hot junction
c) depends upon the temperature of both cold and hot junction
d) is a constant
142. For a given thermocouple ,the cold junction temperature 300C and
neutral temperature is 1200 C .If the cold junction temperature becomes
500C, then the neutral temperature becomes
a) 1400C
b) 1200C
c) 1000C
d) 1700 C
143. When the hot and cold junctions of a thermo couple are interchanged
then the thermo emf
a) increases
b) remains unchanged
c) decreases
d) increases or decreases according to nature of metals used.
144.For a given thermo couple , the temperature of cold junction and
temperature of inversion are 253K and 8500 C. The neutral temperature is
a) 4350 C
b) 4150 C
c) 551.50 C
d) 4250 C
145.To draw thermo electric diagrams Lead is used as one of the metal to
form a thermo couple with other metal because
a) it is a hard metal
b) it has high nuclear density
c) it does not allow X-rays
d) it has zero Thomson effect
146.A charged particle moves through a steady magnetic field . The effect
of the field is changed the particles
a) speed
b) direction
c) mass d) energy
147.The force on a proton moving with the speed of 105m/s perpendicular to
a magnetic field 10-3T is
a) 1.6x10-17N
b) 1.6x10-27N c) 1.6x10-19N d) 10-2N
70
148.If a proton and a deuteron move in a magnetic field along the same
circular path, then the ratio of their velocities is
a)1:1
b) 4:1
c) 1:2
d) 2:1
149.A deuteron and an alpha particle move in a uniform magnetic field
along the same circular path , then the ratio of their velocities is
a)1:1
b) 4:1
c) 1:2
d) 2:1
1
2
150.If 1H and 1H are moving perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field
with same velocity, then the ratio of the radii of their circular path is
a)1:1
b) 4:1
c) 1:2
d) 2:1
151. If a deuteron and an alpha particle are moving perpendicular to a
uniform magnetic field with same velocity, then the ratio of the radii of
their circular path is
a)1:1
b) 4:1
c) 1:2
d) 2:1
0
1
2
3
152. If -1e , 1H ,1H and 1 H are moving perpendicular to a uniform
magnetic field with same velocity, then the force on
a) -1e0 is maximum b) 1 H3 maximum
c) 1H1 is greater than others
d) all the particle are same
153.Which one of the following pair of particles move with the same
velocity along the same circular path in a uniform magnetic field
a) electron, proton
b) proton, deuteron
c) proton, alpha particle
d) deuteron, alpha particle
154.A current carrying conductor is placed perpendicular to a uniform
magnetic field of induction 10-5 T . If the drift velocity of the free
electron is 106 m/s , then the force experienced by one free electron is
a) 1.6x10-18 N
b) 1.6x10-13N c) 1.16x1019N d) 1N
155.A proton and deuteron move in a magnetic field in a circular path with
same velocity. Which of the following are true?
i) force on two particles is same ii) radii of the circular paths are same
iii) force is same but radii of the paths are difference
iv) force is different but radii of the paths are same
a) i and iii only
b) ii and iv only c) i and ii only d) ii and iii only
156.Two long parallel wires separated by a distance R carry same current.
The force between the two wires is F. If the current in each wire is
halved ,the force between them will be
a) 4F
b) F
c) F/4
d)F/8
157.Which of the following material has the highest specific resistance
a) rubber
b) copper
c) silver
d) germanium
71
158.Force on unit length of a conductor carrying unit current placed

perpendicular to a magnetic field is numerically equal to
a) magnetic induction
b) charge on a electron
c) drift velocity
d) force on one electron
159.The magnetic induction at a distance of 0.5m from a conductor carrying
2A current kept in air is
a) 1x10-7 T
b) 2 x10-7 T
c) 4 x10-7 T
d) 8 x10-7 T
160.A circular coil of 50 turns has a diameter 14 cm . When a current 2A is
passed through , if the angle between the direction of the magnetic field
and the plane of the coil at the centre of the coil is
a) 300
b) 450
c) 600
d) 900
161.In a T.G. experiment , if the number of turns is increased 10 times , to
produce the same deflection , the value of the current should be
a) increased by 20 times
b) increased by 10 times
c) decreased by 20 times
d) decreased by 10 times
162.For a given T.G. , if the number of turns in the coil is doubled then the
reduction factor
a) increases by 2 times b) decreases by 2 times
c) increases by 4 times d) decreases by 4 times
163.Two T.Gs having reduction factor K1 and K2 are connected in series
and give deflections 1 and 2 respectively. Then K1:K2
a) 1: 2
b) tan1: tan2
c) 2: 1
d) tan2: tan1
164.The tangent galvanometer has 50 turns of diameter 10 cm. If
B=3.14x10-5T, the reduction factor is
a) 0.4A
b) 0.05A
c) 0.4x10-3A
d) 0.4x10-6A
165.The reduction factor of the T.G. when the deflection is 450 is equal to
a) the number of coils
b) the earths magnetic field
c) the current in the coil
d) all the above
166.For measuring high current, by using a T.G.
a)less number of turns with thick copper wire is used
b) less number of turns with thin copper wire is used
c) large number of turns with thick copper wire is used
d) large number of turns with thin copper wire is used
167.The least count of the T.G. for measuring the angle of deflection is
a) 10
b) 1
c) 0.50
d) 0.10
72
168.The T.G.is more sensitive for this angle of deflection

a) 3.14 radian
b) 45 radian
c) 0.785 radian d) 1.57 radian
169.A T.G. gives a deflections of 1, 2 and 3 at the places A, B and C
respectively for the same current. If the horizontal components of
earths magnetic fields at the places A, B and C are BA , BB and BC
respectively . Then the ratio BA:BB:BC is
a) tan1: tan2: tan3
b) 1; 1: 1 c) 1: 2 : 3 d) cot1: cot2: cot3
170.Amperes circuital law is another form of
a) Tangent law
b) Biot- Savart law
c) Amperes Swimming law
d) End rule
171.What happens when the hot junction of a thermo-couple is heated
beyond the temperature of inversion
a) there is no thermo electric current
b) thermo electric current is maximum
c) thermo electric current reverse its direction d) predictable
172.The work done by magnetic Lorentz force on a moving charge is
always
a) positive
b) negative
c) zero
d) infinite
173.The magnitude of the magnetic Lorentz force does not depend on
a)mass of the charged particles
b) velocity of the charged particle
d) direction of the motion of the particle
174.Magnetic Lorentz force makes a moving charged particle to follow a
a) linear path b) parabolic path c) elliptical path d) circular path
175.The force on a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field is
10-6N .If the current through the conductor is doubled then the force
is
a) 20-6 N
b) 2x10-6 N
c) 2x10-19 N
d) 10-12 N
176.In two parallel wire one wire is carrying 1A and the another is carrying
3A. Then the force on
a) the second wire is more b) the first wire is more
c) both wires are same
d) the second wire is 3times the first wire
177.In two parallel wires, one wire is carrying 1A and another carrying
3A. If the currents in the wire are interchanged , then the force on
a) the second wire decreases
b) the first wire decreases
c) both wires will increases
d) both wires will not change
178.Torque acting on a coil is maximum when the coil is
a) parallel to the magnetic field
th
b) perpendicular to the magnetic field

c) at an angle of 450 to the magnetic field
d) at any position in a uniform magnetic field
179.The hemispherical magnet is used to produce
a) radial magnetic field
b) uniform magnetic field
c) straight magnetic field
d) circular magnetic field
180.In an ammeter if G:S =100:1 then the ratio of current through them is
a) 100:1
b) 1:100
c) 10:1
d) 1:10
181.A moving coil galvanometer shows a deflection of 120, when a current
of 1mA flows through it. If the current is 2mA , then the deflection will
be
a) 100
b) 120
c) 140
d) 240
182.If a current 0.5 mA produces a deflection of 150, then the
galvanometer constant is about
a) 0.33 a rad-1
b) 2Arad-1
c) 3 A rad-1
d) 7.5 a rad-1
183.A moving coil galvanometer shows a deflection of 100 for a current
of 0.7 mA . For another current , if the deflection is 150, then the value
of current is
a)10.5 mA
b) 1.05mA
c) 0.35mA
d) 3.5 mA
184.The low resistance connected in parallel with the galvanometer so as to
avoid the flow of large current through it is called
a) resistor
b) capacitor
c) solenoid
d) shunt
185.The minimum value of orbital magnetic moment of revolving electron
in an atom is called
a) angular momentum
b) Bohr magneton
c) gyromagnetic ratio
d) Plancks constant
186.AB is a rod of lead. The end A is heated .A current I is allowed to flow
along AB. Now ,due to Thomson effect, in rod AB
a) heat is absorbed
b) heat is liberated
c) heat is neither absorbed nor liberated
d) heat is first absorbed and then liberated
187.A current of 5A is passed through a super conductor for 10J the heat
energy evolved is
a) 250J
b) 25J
c) zero
d) 50J
188.Nichrome is used as heating element in devices like electric iron
74
because it
a) cools of quickly when power is put off
b) generates large amount of heat in short time
c) has low expansion co efficient
d) does not oxidize
189.The thermo couple, which has the maximum thermo emf, is _
a) Cu Fe
b) Mn Ag
c) Bi Sb
d) Co Au
190.The graph of the thermo emf versus the temperature difference in a
thermocouple is
a) straight line b) a parabola
c) a hyperbola d) a circle
191.The ratio between the Bohr magneton and the gyro magnetic ratio is
a) h/4
b) h/
c) h/2
d) h
192.A graph drawn between thermo emf and small difference in
temperature between the function is a
a) parabola b) straight line
c) curve
d) ellipse
193.While doing experiment with T.G. the circular coil must be
a) inclined to the magnetic meridian b) parallel to magnetic meridian
c) perpendicular to magnetic meridian d) in any position
194.The magnetic needle of a T.G. is kept small because the magnetic
field is
a) very large
b) considered to be uniform
c) very small
d) consider to be uniform at the centre only
195.The magnetic Lorentz force is the force acting on
a) a charged particle at rest
b) a charged particle moving in an uniform magnetic field
c) a wire carrying current
d) a positive charge
196.When a current carrying rectangular loop is placed in a magnetic
field the resultant of forces acting on the top and bottom of the
current loop is
a) zero
b) maximum
c) infinity
d) minimum
197.The voltage across the shunt resistance
a) is less than the voltage across the galvanometer
b) is greater than the voltage across the galvanometer
c) is equal to the voltage across the galvanometer
198.The product of the current and the loop area is called
a) magnetic induction due to current loop
75
b) magnetic moment of the current loop

c) magnetic induction of the centre of the current loop
d) magnetic amount of the solenoid
199.If an electron is projected along z axis with constant velocity in
the presence of an applied magnetic field along X axis, the force
on it is
a) along Z axis
b) against Y axis
c) along Y axis
d) against Z axis
200.At the centre of circular current carrying coil, the magnetic lines of
force are
a) straight
b) circular
c) zig zag
d) irregular
II. IMPORTANT UNITS

1.The unit of Peltier co-efficient is
2.The unit of Thomson coefficient is .
3.The unit of permeability of a medium is
4.The unit of relative permeability is
5.The unit of magnetic flux is
6.The unit of magnetic flux density or magnetic induction is ..
7.The unit of reduction factor of the tangent Galvanometer is ..
8.The unit of magnetic Lorentz force is .
9.The unit of angular velocity is
10.The unit of time period is .
11The unit of galvanometer constant is ..
12.The unit of water equivalent is ..
13.The unit of torsional couple per unit twist is
14.The unit of gyromagnetic ratio is ..
15.The unit of angular momentum is .
16.The unit of Plancks constant is .
17.The unit of Bohr magneton is

1.The percentage of lead and tin in fuse wire is
2.Melting point of tungsten is ..
76
3.Thomson effect for lead is ..

4.The tangent galvanometer is sensitive for a deflection of
5.Suspended coil galvanometer can measure current of the order of
6.The value of gyromagnetic ratio is
7.The value of Bohr magneton is .
8.The value of Plancks constant is

1.According to Joules law the heat produced in a conductor is
2.In any thermocouple the neutral temperature is ..
3.The quantity of heat absorbed or evolved at one junction of a thermocouple
is
4. According to Biot-Savart law , the magnetic induction at a point is .
5. According to Biot-Savart law , the magnetic induction at a point in the
vector form is .
6. Magnetic induction due to infinitely long straight conductor is .
7. Magnetic induction along the axis of a circular coil carrying current is
..
8. Magnetic induction at the centre of a circular coil is
9. Current through a T.G. is .
10. Reduction factor of a T.G. is .
11. Magnetic Lorentz force on a charge moving in magnetic field is ..
12. Radius of a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field is
13. Angular velocity of a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field

is..
14. Frequency of a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field is
.
15.Time period of a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field is
16. Force on a current carrying conductor placed in magnetic field is ..

17. Force between two long parallel current carrying conductor is .
18. Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field is .
19. Deflecting couple on a moving coil galvanometer is
20. Restoring couple by a moving coil galvanometer is .
21. Current through a moving coil galvanometer is ..
77
22. Galvanometer constant is .

23. Current flowing through an ammeter is
24. Current sensitivity of a galvanometer is ..
25. Voltage sensitivity of a galvanometer is
26. The shunt resistance of an ammeter is
27. Effective resistance of an ammeter is ..
28. The resistance to be connected in series to convert a galvanometer
into voltmeter is .
29. The effective resistance of a voltmeter is .
30. The magnetic moment of a revolving electron is ..
31. Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron is ..
32. Bohr magneton is .
I. DEFINATIONS:
1. Define Peltier coefficient.

2. Define Thomson Coefficient.
3. Define ampere.
4. Define voltage sensitivity of a galvanometer.
5. Define current sensitivity of a galvanometer.
6. Define the magnetic moment of a current loop.
7. Define neutral temperature.
8. Define temperature of inversion.
9. Define gyro magnetic ratio.
10. Define Bohr magneton
11. State Joules law.

12. State Maxwells right hand screw rule.
13. State Biot-Savart law.
14. State right hand rule.
15. State Seebeck effect.
16. State Peltier effect?
17. State Thomson effect.
18. State right hand palm rule.
19. State end rule.
78
20. State Flemings left hand rule.

21. State Tangent law.
22. State the principle of a moving coil galvanometer.
23. State the principle of cyclotron.
24. State Amperes circuital law.
III.ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES (LIMITATIONS)
DRAW BACKS.
25. Mention the limitations of cyclotron.

IV.PROPERTIES (CHARACTERISTICS)
26. What are the characteristics of heating element used in electric

heating device?
27. Why is nichrom used as a heating element?

28. Increasing the current sensitivity does not necessarily increase the
voltage sensitivity. Explain
29. Why lead is used as one of the metal to form a thermocouple?
29. Why an ammeter is always connected in series in a circuit?
30. Why do we use phosphor bronze suspension wire in the moving coil
galvanometer?
31. Why a voltmeter is connected in parallel in a circuit?
32. Mention the difference between Peltier effect Joules effect.

33. How will you increase the current sensitivity of a galvanometer?

34. How will you convert galvanometer into ammeter?
35. How will you convert galvanometer into voltmeter?
36. What is a fuse wire? How does it work?
37. What is shunt?
38. What is magnetic Lorentz force?
39.What are thermo couple and thermo electric current?
th

1.The heat developed in half a minute in a resistor of resistance 5 is
15000 J. Find the current through the resistor.
2. 5A current flowing through a resistor for 2minute produces 3000J
of heat .Calculate the value of the resistance.
3.The Peltier coefficient of a thermo couple is 3mV.The heat liberated or
absorbed in any one junction is 3.6 J when a current of 4A is sent
through the thermo couple. What is the time of flow of current?
4.In a thermo couple the temperature of the cold junction is 1000C and
the neutral temperature is 5000 C. Calculate the temperature of
inversion.
5.In a given thermo couple , the neutral temperature is 2600C and the
temperature of inversion is 4800C. Then find the temperature of the
cold junction.
6.Calculate the magnetic induction at the centre of a circular loop of
diameter 20 cm carrying a current 5A kept in air.
7.What is the reduction factor of a tangent galvanometer having 6 turn
coil of diameter30 cm if the earths magnetic induction is 6.28x10-5T.
8.A current of 2A flows through a circular coil of area
4x10-2m2.Calculate the magnetic field at the centre of the coil.
9.When a current of 9A is passed through a coil 15cm radius a
magnetic field of 37.68x10-5 T is produced at the centre of the coil.
Find the number of turns of the coil.
10.What is the current passing through a coil of radius 8cm having 50
turns, when the magnetic induction at the centre of the coil is
15.7x10-5 T.
12.A current of1A flowing through a T.G. produces a deflection of
300.Calculate the current needed to produce a deflection of 450.
13.A solenoid of 1.5m length and 4 cm diameter possesses 100 turns per
cm. A current of 5A is flowing through it. Find the magnetic
induction along its axis inside the solenoid.
14.A proton enters into a magnetic field with a velocity of 2.5x107ms-1
making an angle of 300 with the deflection of the magnetic field of
2.5T. Then find the force on the proton.
15.An - particle enters into a magnetic field of 1T with a velocity
106 ms-1 in a direction perpendicular to the field . Calculate the force
th
on -particle.
16.Two conductors each of length 16m , parallel to each other with a
distance of 10 cm between them carry the same current in the same
direction in air If the force tending to pull them is 0.5 N. What is the
current in them.
17.A current of 2A flows through two long straight conductors. They are
placed parallel to each other at a distance of 10 cm. Calculate the
force per unit length on each conductor
18.An ammeter of resistance 0.8 can measure current up to2A. What
must be the shunt resistance to enable the ammeter to measure
currents up to 10A?
19.A galvanometer has internal resistance of 20. It gives maximum
deflection for a current of 30 mA. Find the resistance to be connected
in series to convert it into a voltmeter of maximum reading of 3V.
20.A galvanometer of resistance 100 is shunted by 0.1 which gives
maximum deflection for a current of 1mA .Calculate the range of an
ammeter.
21.A current of 2A flowing in a coil of moving coil galvanometer
produces a deflection of 100. Find the galvanometer constant.
22.In a T.G. a current 1A produces a deflection 300. Calculate the
current required to produce a deflection of 600.
24.A current of 2A flows through a coil of area 0.02 m2. Find the
magnetic moment of the loop.
23.A circular coil of 80 turns carries a current of 5A .If the diameter of
the coil is 16 cm. Then calculate magnetic intensity produced at its
centre.
25.The amount of heat liberated at one of the junction of a thermocouple
when 1A current flows for 1 minute is 6J. Calculate the Peltier
coefficient.
1. Write notes on Seebeck effect.
2.Write short notes on neutral and inversion temperature.
3. Explain Thomson effect.
4. Explain thermopile with the help.
81
5. State and explain Biot-Savart law.

6. What is magnetic Lorentz force? Discuss the special features of the force.
7. Obtain an expression for the force between two long parallel current
carrying conductors.
8. Explain how will you convert a galvanometer into an ammeter?
9. Explain how will you convert a galvanometer into voltmeter?
10. Deribe an expression for magnetic dipole moment of a revolving
electron
11. Deduce an expression for the force on a current carrying conductor
placed in a magnetic field.
VIII. ESSAY TYPE QUESTIONS( 10 MARK)
1. Explain Joules calorimeter experiment to verify Joules laws of
heating.
2. Obtain an expression for the magnetic induction at a point due to an
infinitely long straight conductor carrying current.
3. Deduce the relation for the magnetic induction at a point along the
axis of a circular coil carrying current.
4 Explain in detail the principle, construction and theory of a tangent
galvanometer.
5.Explain in detail the principle ,construction and theory of moving coil
galvanometer.
6.Explain the motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field.
7.Describe the principle ,construction and working of a cyclotron. Derive
an expression for the frequency of rotation of an accelerating particles.
8.Derive an expression for torque experienced by a current loop in a
uniform magnetic field.
KEY-3 LESSON
1
2
3
4
5
d
a
a
b
c
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21
22
23
24
25
c
a
c
a
c
41
42
43
44
45
a
b
c
a
b
61
62
63
64
65
d
d
b
c
b
81
82
83
84
85
b
b
a
b
a
101
102
103
104
105
c
b
d
b
c
121
122
123
124
125
d
b
b
d
141
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143
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145
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b
b
b
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161
162
163
164
165
d
b
d
b
c
181
182
183
184
185
d
b
b
d
b
6
7
8
9
10
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12
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14
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20
c
c
c
a
b
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b
c
c
a
c
d
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
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40
c
c
c
a
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c
b
b
a
a
c
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
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57
58
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60
b
c
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c
a
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c
c
66
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b
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d
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b
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a
b
106
107
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d
d
c
b
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c
b
a
126
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140
c
a
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b
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b
b
d
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160
b
a
d
a
c
a
d
d
a
a
c
a
a
d
d
166 a
167 a
168 c
169 d
170 b
171 c
172 c
173 a
174 d
175 b
176 c
177 d
178 a
179176
a
180 b
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
4.ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING

CURRENT
1.The reverse effect of Oersted experiments is
a) Joule heating effect
b) electrostatic induction
83
c
c
d
c
b
c
b
b
d
b
a
c
b
b
a
c) Peltier effect
d) electromagnetic induction
2.The number of magnetic lines of force crossing a closed area is called
a) magnetic induction
b) magnetic flux
c) magnetic intensity
d) magnetic moment
3. The number of magnetic lines of force crossing a unit area normally is
a) magnetic flux
b) magnetic flux density
c) magnetic intensity
d) total flux
4.When 0.5A current passes through an inductor coil, the flux linked with it
is 0.15Wb.Then the self inductance of the coil is
a) 3H
b) 0.45H
c) 0.3H
d) 0.2H
5.A current of 10A produces a magnetic flux of 1Wb when passing through
a coil .The self inductance of the coil is
a) 0.1H
b) 10H
c) 1000H
d) 1H
6.In a coil an emf of 5V is induced when a current in the coil changes at the
rate of 100A/s. The coefficient of self inductances of the coil
a) 50H
b) 0.05H
c) 0.005H
d) 0.0005H
7.If the time rate of change of current is doubled in a coil , then the value of
self inductance is
a) doubled b) halved c) not changed d) increased exponentially
8.When 5A current is passed for 0.5s in the primary coil, the emf induced in
the secondary coil is 200V. The mutual inductance is
a) 10H
b) 20H
c) 2H
d) 4H
9.A current of 4A passing through a coil is cut off in 10-3s .Another coil has
a mutual inductance of 40 mH with the first one. The emf induced in the
second coil is
a) 80v
b) 100V
c) 120V
d) 160V
10.If two coils have a common axis, the coefficient of mutual induction is
a) small
b) zero
c) large
d) infinite
11.The mutual induction between a pair of coils is very large if they are
wound on
a) wood
b) copper
c) ebonite
d) soft iron core
12.Eddy current do not cause
a) damping b) heating
c) sparking
d) loss of energy
13.When the coil in an AC generator rotates at an angular velocity of 50
rad/s, the frequency of the induced emf is
a) 100Hz
b) 50Hz
c) 25Hz
d) 1000Hz
84
14.By making the core of the transformer laminated

a) ratio of secondary voltage to primary voltage may be increased
b) mass of the transformer may be reduced
c) rusting of the core may be avoided
d) energy loss due to eddy currents may be minimized
15.Which of the following quantities remain constant in an ideal step-down
transformer
a) current
b) voltage
c) power
16.When a transformer works ,sound is produced .This is due to
a) heating of the core
b) rotation of the core
c) vibration of the core d) none of the above
17.In long distance power transmission which plays a very important role?
a) resistor
b) transformer
c)capacitor
d) inductance
18.The heat produced in one cycle when AC flows through a resistor is
a) I2rmsRT
b) I20RT
c) I2rmsRT/2
d) zero
19.When a wire loop is rotated in a magnetic field, the direction of induced
emf changes once in each
a) revolution
b) 1/2 revolution c) 1 revolution d) 2 revolution
20.Resistance offered by a coil is called
a)resistance b) inductive reactance c) capacitive reactance d) inductance
21.The angular frequency of ACat which a coil of inductance 1mH has a
reactance of 1 is
a) 103 rad/s b) 10 rad/s
c) 10-3 rad/s
d) 1rad/s
22.The reactance of a coil
a) increases with increase in frequency b)does not change with frequency
c) decreases with increase in frequency d) is zero
23.Reactance of a capacitor of 1/ farad at 50Hz
a) 100
b) 10
c) 50
d) 10-2
24.In an LCR series circuit the effective voltage leads the current by a phase
angle when
a) XL=XC
b) XLXC
c) XLXC
d) XL=R
25.An Ac circuit contains 4 resistance in series with an inductance coil of
reactance 3.The impedance of the circuit is
a) 7
b) 5
c) 1
d) 4/3
26.For a sharply tuned circuit Q-values is
a) zero
b) low
c) very low
d) high
85
27.In an AC circuit , a resistance of R ohm is connected in series with an

inductance L. If phase angle between voltage and current be 45 0, the
value of inductive reactance will be
a) R/4
b) R/2
c) R
28.The relation represents magnetic flux
a) = B . A b) = B x A
c) = BA sin
d) (a) and (b)
29.The coefficient of mutual induction between two coils depends on
a) The susceptibility of the medium b) the area of cross section of the coil
c) The reciprocal of number of turns of coils d) size and shape of the coil
30.When the plane of the coil is parallel to the magnetic the emf induced in
it is
a) e = 0 b) e = NBA
c) e = Eo- sin t d) e = NBA cos t
31.When the phase of angle between the plane of the coil and the magnetic
field is /4, then the emf induced in the coil is
a) e = Eo / 2
b) e = 2 Eo
c) e = Eo / 2
d) e = 0
32.The phase difference between the emfs produced by a three phase
generator is
a)
b)
c)
d)
33.A magnetic field of 15 x 10-5 tesla is acting through the axis of the coil
of 25,000 turns and area of cross-section 250cm2 then the magnetic of
flux linked with the coil is
a)8.475 x 10-3 Wb
b) 9.375 x 10-2 Wb
c)5.225 x 10-3 Wb
d)11.5 x 10-3 Wb
34.Regarding Faraday experiment about electromagnetic induction which
of the following statement is incorrect?
a) Only a momentary deflection is held in the galvanometer.
b) The deflection will increase by moving the magnet faster.
c) When the magnet is stable within the coil the induced emf is maximum
d) When we change the poles of the magnet, the deflection
will be held in the opposite direction.
35.When the plane of the coil is kept parallel to the magnetic field, then the
emf induced is
a) Zero
b) Maximum
c) Minimum
d) Infinity
36. In an induction furnace, high temperature is produced by eddy currents
by using .. magnetic fields to melt the metals
86
a) high frequency and varying

b) high frequency and stable
c) low frequency and stable
d) low frequency and varying
37.To make the electromagnetic brake in the train when the wheels are
rotating a strong magnetic field is applied .. to the metallic drum
which is coupled to the wheels
a) Parallel
b) to the direction opposite to the rotation of wheels
c) Perpendicular d) to the direction of rotation of wheels
38. In a transformer, the eddy current loss is minimised by
a) using a solid core made of stelloy, an alloy of steel
b) using a laminated core made of stelloy, alloy of steel
c) using alloys like mumetal and silicon steel
d) using thick wires with considerable low resistance
39.The capacitance of capacitor which offers 1 k reactance to an AC of
frequency 50 Hz is
a) 3.182 x 10-6 F b) 3.185 F
c) 3.14 10-6 F d) 3.14 x 106 F
40. Find the self-inductance of a coil when 10 A current flows through it
produces the magnetic flux 0.8 weber.
a) 8H
b) 12.5H
c) 8 x 10-2 H
d) 800H
41. The power loss of a transformer having efficiency 60% and output
power 2400 W is
a) 4000W
b) 3200 W
c) 800 W
d) 1600 W
42. A step up transformer converts 220 V into 1100 V. If its output power is
1650 W then the value the input current is
a) 1.5 A
b) 0.15A
c) 7.5A
d) 0.75A
43. A solenoid of air core is having 20 cm diameter, 50 cm long and 1000
turns. the magnetic flux produced when 5A current flows through it is
a) 4 2 x 10-2 weber
b) 8 2 x 10-5 weber
c) 15.7 x 10-3 weber
d) 31.4 x 10-2 weber
44. When a bar magnet is moving towards a coil, then the deflection in the
galvanometer connected with the coil
a) will be high
b) is momentary
c) lasts as long as magnet moves
d) none of these
45. The coefficient of mutual induction between two coils is 4 H. When a
current 2A flows through one coil becomes zero at 4 x 10-2 seconds then
the emf induced in the other coil is
a) 200 V
b) 8 x 10-2 V
c) 2 x 10-2 V
d) 32 x 10-2 V
46.The reactance offered by a capacitor to the frequency of alternating emf
th
is
a) Zero
c) Infinity
b) inversely proportional to the frequency

d) directly proportional to the frequency
47. The unit equivalent to the unit Volt

a) Wb. A/s b) Henry/Ampere
c) Wb/s d) Tesla m-2/s
48. The current induced in a metal plate when it is oscillating in a non
uniform magnetic field
a) alternating current
b) direct current
c) eddy current
d) photo-electric current
49. In a transformer the ratio of primary voltage to secondary voltage is
2 :5. Its efficiency is 80%. Find the ratio of primary current to
secondary current
a) 25 : 8
b) 8 : 25
c) 100 : 4
d) 4 : 10
50. The impendence of the RLC series circuit with R= 15 ; XL = 5 and
Xc = 5 at resonance of
a) 15
b) 25
c) 375
d) 150
51. In a step up transformer the turns ratio is 100 : 1 when the current
flowing in the primary coil is 5 A, the current in the secondary coil is
a) 5.50 A
b) 500 A
c) 0.05 A
d) 4.95 A
52. A magnetic field of induction 0.6 T flows through a coil of 200 turns
and 0.02 sq.m of area of cross section reduces to 0.2 T in 0.02s. Then the
emf induced in it is
a) 120 V
b) 240 V
c ) 80 V
d) 300 V
53.Direction of eddy current is given by
a) Faradays law
b) Lenzs law
c) Biot Savart law
d) Flemmings right hand rule
54.If the secondary and primary voltages are 220 V and 11 V respectively
then the transformer ratio is
a) 2420
b) 20
c) 0.05
d) 4
2
55.The coil of area 0.1m with 50 turns is placed such that its plane is
parallel to a uniform magnetic field 0.5 T. the flux through the coil
a) 2.5Wb
b) 25 Wb
c) 0.25Wb
d) zero
56.The power over a complete cycle in a resistive AC circuit where
V = 200 V and 1 = 5 A is
a) 1000 W
b) 50 W
c) 2000 W
d) 0.025 W
57.The armature of an AC generator rotates with a speed of 3600 rpm. The
88
frequency of AC generator is
a) 50 Hz
b) 60Hz
c) 100Hz
d) 36 Hz
58.The peak value of an alternating current of 10 A is
a) 10 A
b) 1.414 A
c) 14.14 A
d) 7.07 A
59. If the peak value is 50V, then RMS value of voltage will be
a) 30 V
b) 70.7 V
c) 35.35 V
d) 7.07 V
60.The transformer ratio for which primary and secondary currents are 5 A
and 2 A respectively is
a) 2.5
b) 0.4
c) 10
d) 7
61. The ratio of peak value to rms value is
a) 1.732
b) 5
c) 1.414
d) 7
62. The magnetic flux () linked with coil is related to its area (A) as
a) A2
b) A
c) A1/2 d) A1/2
63. An emf e = 100 sin 200 t is connected across a resistance of 500.
The phase difference between current and voltage is
a) 0
b) 90
c) 180
d) 60
64. A transformer
a) transfers energy
b) transfers frequency
c) transfers electric power
d) generates emf
65. A transformer changes
a) electrical energy
b) frequency
c) voltage
d) emf
66. When an electric device X is connected to an ac voltage the current
through it is in the same phase as the applied voltage. What is X?
a) a capacitor
b) a resistor
c) a inductor d) a conductor
67. A transformer is used to light a 100 W, 110 V lamp from a 220 V
supply, if the supplied current is 0.5 A, the efficiency of the transformer
is
a) 30%
b) 50%
c) 80%
d) 90%
68. A generator produces an emf given by e = 141 sin 88 t. The frequency
and rms value of voltage are
a) 50 Hz and 99.7 V
b) 7 Hz and 49.5 V
c) 14 Hz and 99.7 V
d) 50 Hz and 49.5 V
69. An ideal transformer has a power input of 10 KW. The secondary
current is 25 A. If the ratio of number of turns in the primary and the
secondary coils is 5 : 1, then the potential difference applied to the
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primary is
a) 100 V
b) 200 V
c) 2000 V
d) 1500 V
70. If an LCR circuit, XL = 500, XC = 326.8, and R= 100 then
a) 60
b) 30
c) 45
d) 90
71.The co-effcient of Mutual inductance of a pair of coil is 4mH. If the
current in one of the coils changes from 0.6 A to 0.61 A in 0.02 seconds,
then induced emf is
a) 2 V in the same coil
b) 2 mV in the other coil
c) 2 V in the other coil
d) 2 mV in the same coil
72. AC frequency of 100 kHz to 100 MHz is required for
a) satellite purpose
b) domestic purpose
c) transmission of audio and video signals d) high transmission
73. Power dissipation on an AC circuit in which voltage and current are
given by e = 300 sin ( t + /2) and I = 6 sin t is
a) 0 watt
b) 750 watt
c) 375 watt
d) 1500 watt
74. A circuit will have flat resonance, if the Q value is
a) high
b) infinity
c) low
d) zero
75. 400 MW power produced at 15,000 V at power station is stepped up to
..before transmission.
a) 22,000 V
b) 2,30,000 V c) 110, 000 V d) 20, 000 V
76.Whenever a magnet is moved either towards or away from a coil, and
induced emf is generated, the magnitude of which is independent of
a) the strength of the field
b) the number of turns in the coil
c) the speed with which the magnet is moved d) the size of the magnet
77. A coil is connected to a source of emf through a tap key. Then emf is
induced
a) only during closing the tap key
b) both during closing and opening the tap key
c) Only during opening the tap key d)only when passing a steady current
78. The induced current flowing in a coil due to the decrease of magnetic
flux from 1 Wb to 0.1 Wb in 0.1 s is 90mA, the resistance of the coil is
a) 1 K
b) 100
c) 10
d) 1
79. To change the frequency of induced emf in an ac generator must be
changed
a) number of turns in armature
b) area of armature
d) speed of rotation of armature
80. With respect to magnetic field, the axis of rotation of armature is
th
a) parallel
b) making an angle 45
c) perpendicular
d) making an angle of 180
81. A 400 KW power is supplied through a transmission wire of resistance
0.75 . if the power loss is 300 W, at what p.d. the transmission should
take place?
a) 10 kV
b) 20 kV
c) 30 kV
d) 40 kV
82. The peak value of emf induced in a coil of cross section 0.025m2 with
20 turns when it is rotated uniformly at 600 rpm in a magnetic field of
10 T is
a) 220 V
b) 314 V
c) 222 V
d) 300 V
83. A coil of area 500cm2 with 1000 turns is rotated through 180 in 1/10s.
If the emf induced is 90mV, the magnetic field is
a) 0.9 T
b) 0.9 x 10-2 T
c) 0.9 x 10-3 T
d) 0.9 x 10-4 T
84. When an inductor is connected to an a.c circuit in series, the reactance
of the circuit is
a) increased
b) unchanged c) decreased
d) zero
85. In radio receivers, the circuit is tuned to the frequency of desired signal
by varying
a) resistance b) inductance c) capacitance
d) either of there
86. The polarity of AC voltage of frequency 50Hz is reversed in 1s by
a) 50 times
b) 100 times
c) 150 times
d) 200 times
87. In an LCR series ac circuit with the supply of 100 V, 50 Hz if the
inductive reactance, capacitive reactance and resistance respectively are
10, 7 and 4 the impedance is
a) 5
b) 10
c) 15
d) 20
88. An inductor coil is connected to 220 V, 50 Hz supply. If the peak value
of currents 2.2A, the inductive reactance
a) 141.4
b) 70.7
c) 282.8
d) 35.35
89. In an LCR circuit with impedance of 5, if the reactance is 3, the
resistance should be
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8
90. Quality factor of a resonant circuit determines
a) impedance at resonance
b) current at resonance
c) selectivity or sharpness of the circuit d) each of these
91. In an AC circuit, the current and emf are represented by
91
I = I0 sin (wt /3) and e = Eo sin (wt + /2). Here voltage leads the
current by a phase angle of
a)
b)
c) 5
d) 3
92.The angular velocity of the armature rotating with a speed of 300/2
turns per minute in an ac generator is
a) 5 radian/s b) 15 radian/s c) 22.5 radian /s
d) 10 radian
93.In a long solenoid , when its length and number of turns are doubled then
its self inductance is
a) halved
b) double c) remains same d)increased four times
94.The working of the transformer is based on the principle of law of
conservation of
a) charges
b) energy
c) momentum
d) mass
95.If the metallic plate with holes drilled in it is made to swing inside the
magnetic field
a) the speed of oscillation could not be damped
b) the speed of oscillation increases
c)the eddy current rapidly increases d) the speed of oscillation decreases
96.If the metallic plate with holes drilled in it is made to swing inside the
magnetic field
a) the eddy current is greatly reduced
b) the speed of oscillation increases
c)the eddy current rapidly increases d) the speed of oscillation decreases
97.The copper loss in a transformer can be reduced by using
a) thin wires having low resistance b) thin wires having high resistance
c) thick wire of considerably low resistance
d) thick wires of high resistance
98.The input power of a transformer is 50 W its output power is 20W. Then
its efficiency is
a) 20%
b) 50%
c) 70%
d) 40%
99.When an AC current of 50Hz frequency flows through a coil it offers a
reactance 942 , than the self inductance of the coil is
a) 314H
b) 3H
c) 18.8H
d)12.5H
100.A capacitor of capacitance 50F offers a reactance 31.84 for an AC ,
then the frequency of AC is
a) 100Hz
b) 50Hz
c) 25Hz
d) 5 Hz
92
101.The resonance frequency of L,C & R resonance circuit containing 4H

inductance and 25/2 F capacitance is
a) 100Hz
b) 220Hz
c) 25Hz
d) 50Hz
102.The angle between the area vector A and the plane of the area A is
a) b) 2
c) /2
d) zero
103.If N=1,(l=2m), I=0.5A, A=4m2, find the magnetic flux per turn of the
coil.
a)20 b) 40
c) 1/2 0 d) 0
104.Find the total magnetic flux when N=2,A=4m2, I= 1Aand l=2m
a)20 b) 40
c) 16 0 d) 80
105.If the flux associated with a coil varies at the rate of 1Wb/minute then
the induced emf is
a)1V
b) 0.2V
c) 0.1V
d) 0.017V
106.The self inductance of a coil is
a) directly proportional to N
b) inversely proportional to N
2
c) directly proportional to N
d) inversely proportional to N2
107.The coefficient of self-induction of a solenoid is independent of
a) the number of turns in coil b) the area of cross section of the coil
c) the length of the coil
d) the current passing through the coil
108.Energy or work done is stored in an inductor as
b) magnetic potential energy
c) electrical potential energy
d) heat energy
109.Which of the following set of two coils will have the maximum
coefficient of mutual induction?
a)placed perpendicular to each other
b) placed parallel to each other
c) placed side by side
d) wound on a soft iron core.
110.Find the coefficient of mutual induction of a solenoid having N1=N2=
3, l=6m and A=9 m2
a) 5 /3
b) 27 /2
c) 2/27
d) 18/7
111.If the flux associated with a coil varies at the rate of 1Wb/ min. Then
the induced emf is
a) 1V
b) 1/60 V
c) 60V
d) 0.60V
112.The emf induced in a coil is maximum when t is
a) 0
b) / 2
c)
d) 2
113.The angle between the induced current in a circuit and the change
that produces it is equal to
93
a) 00
b) 900
c) 450
d) 1800
114.If N=1 and l=1m, magnetic field , B is
a) 2I
b) 0I
c) 0/I
d) 4I/3
115.While emf is induced by changing the orientation of the coil, the
induced emf is a .function of time
a) linear
b) non-linear
c) decay
d) sinusoidal
116.In an a.c. generator , the induced current in the external circuit keeps
changing its direction for every.. rotation of the coil
a) one
b) half
c) two- third
d) one fourth
117.An alternator produces voltage waves equal to the number of.. used.
a) slip rings
b) winding
c) magnets
d)brushes
118.The alternators are widely preferred for transmitting large amount of
power with less cost and high efficiency is
a) single phase b) two phase
c) three phase
d) poly phase
119.The emf induced in each of the coil of a 3- phase alternator is separated
with a phase difference of
a) 900
b) 1200
c) 600
d) 2700
120.In a three phase AC generator , current in the three coils differ in phase
by
a) 0
b) /2
c)
d) 2/3
121.A solid metal mass moving in a non-uniform magnetic field produces
a) ac current b) dc current c) eddy current d) either ac or dc current
122.The direction of eddy currents is given by
a) Faradays law b)Lenzs law c)Joules law d)Amperes circuital law
123.Eddy currents produces in an induction furnace.
a) high temperature b) magnetic flux c) induced emf d) high voltage
124.Electromagnetic damping is produced in the deadbeat galvanometer by
a) ac current b) ac voltage c) eddy current d) dc current
125.The galvanometer whose coil is wound on a metallic frame is called..
galvanometer
a) light
b) heavy c) dead beat
d) oscillatory
126The eddy current in an induction motor, initially tries to . the relative
motion between the cylinder and the rotating magnetic field
a) increases
b) decreases
c) equalize
d) nullify
127.Induction motors are used in
th
a) TV sets
b) radio
c) fans
d) lights
128.The efficiency of an ideal transformer is
a) 0
b) 1
c) infinite
d) none
129.In electric power transmission , the wastage of power is
a) more at high voltage b) independent of voltage
c) more at low voltage d) low at low voltage
130.The quantity that changes with time in an AC current is
a) magnitude b) direction c) both magnitude and direction d) none
131.The average value of AC quantity for one complete cycle is
a) zerob) one
c) infinite
d) small
132.The rms value of the alternating current(AC)flowing through a resistor
is 5A . Its peak value is
a)3.536A
b) 70.7A
c) 7.07A d) 7A
133.The rms value of an ac voltage with a peak value of 311 V is
a) 100V
b) 220V
c) 50 V d) 70.7V
134.The voltage drop across the resistor in a LCR series circuit has phase
difference of . with the current (I)
a) /2
b)
c) 0
d) /4
135.In order to avoid wastage of power due to Joules heating effect through
a resistor, we use
a) a pure inductor b) a capacitor
c) photo-resistors d) thermistors
136.If Z=R in a series RLC circuit
a) L =1/C
b) L =1/ C
c) L =C
d) C = L
137.In LCR series AC circuit , the phase difference between current and
voltage is 300 . The reactance of the circuit is 17.32.The value of
resistance is
a) 30
b) 10
c) 17.32
d) 1.732
138.If R=2k, XL = 5k , XC = 2.3k , V=6V, the maximum current
through a LCR circuit at resonance is
a) 5A
b) 3.9mA
c) 3mA d) 2.7mA
139.In case of zero phase difference between the emf and the current in an
AC circuit, its average power is
a) 0
b) E0 I0/ 2
c) Erms Irms /2
d) E0 I0/ 4
140.A choke is
a) a resistor
b) a capacitor c) an inductance coil d) an LED
141.Chokes used in low frequency AC circuits are called .chokes.
95
a) UVb) RF
c) AF
d) HF
142. Chokes used in high frequency AC circuits are called .chokes.
a) AF
b) RF
c) TF
d) UF
143.The average power consumed by a choke coil over a complete cycle is
a) E0 I0/ 2
b) 0
c) 1
d) Erms Irms
144.Chokes used in low frequency AC circuits have . core
a) copper
b) air
c) dielectric
d) iron
145.The core used in audio frequency chokes is
a) iron
b) carbon
c) lead
d) air
146.If in an LCR circuit XL = 500 , XC = 326.8, R =100, then is
a) 600
b) 300
c) 450
d) 900
147.At what rate must the current changes in a 65 mH coil to have a 1V self
induced emf?
a) 25 As-1
b) 17 As-1
c) 25.4 As-1
d) 15.4 As-1
148.The equation of a 25 cycle current sine wave having rms value of 30 A
is
a) 30 sin 157t
b) 30sin150t
c) 302sin157t d) 30sin160t
149.How much current is drawn by the primary of an ideal transformer
connected to a 220V supply. When it delivers power to a 110V and
550W refrigerator?
a) 55A
b) 2.5A
c) 0.4A
d) 44A
150.The average power of an AC is also called . of the circuit
a) true power b) transtaneous power c) resonant power d) rms power
151.The product of magnetic flux density and area is
a) electromagnetic induction b) electromagnetic force
c) magnetic flux
d) magnetic induction
152.In a step down transformer , the following connection is satisfied
a) ES EP
b) K1
c) IP IS
d) NP NS
-2
153.A wire cuts across a flux of 0.2x10 W in 0.12s.What is the emf
induced in the wire.
a) 0.06V
b) 0.02V
c) 0.0167V
d) 0.24V
154.In a step-down transformer ,the input voltage is 22KV and the output
voltage is 550V. The ratio of number of turns in the primary to that in
the secondary is
a) 1:40
b) 40:1
c) 1:20
d) 20:1
155.Low frequency AC can be blocked with the help of
th
a) capacitor
b) inductor
c) resistor
d) choke coil
156. An emf of 12 V is induced when the current in the coil changes from 2
A to 6 A in 0.5 s. The coefficient self induction of the coil is
a) 1.5 H
b) 6 H
c) 0.3 H
d) 30 H
157. In an AC circuit average power consumed is 200W and the apparent
power is 300W. The power factor is
a) 1.5
b) 0.66
c)0.33
d)1
158.In a series LCR circuit ,at resonance
a) XL=XC
b) XLXC
c) XLXC
d) = 1/LC
159. In an AC circuit, a resistance of R ohm is connected in series with an
inductance L. If phase angle between voltage and current is 45o the
value of inductive reactance is
a) R
b) 2R
c)R/2
d) R/4
160.When the frequency of an AC circuit increases , the capacitive
reactance offered by capacitor connected in the circuit
a) increases b) decreases c) remains same
d) becomes zero
161.A rectangular coil is uniformly rotated in a uniform magnetic field such
that the axis of rotation is perpendicular to the direction of the
magnetic field. When the plane of the coil is perpendicular to the
magnetic field.
a) (i)magnetic flux is zero, (ii) induced emf is zero
b)(i) magnetic flux is maximum (ii) induced emf is maximum
c) (i) magnetic flux is maximum (ii) induced emf is zero
d) (i) magnetic flux is zero
(ii) induced emf is maximum.
162.In AC circuit , the voltage leads the current by a phase of /2, then the
circuit has
a) only an inductor(L)
b) only a capacitor(C)
c) only a resistor (R)
d) L,C and R in series.
163.The resonant frequency of RLC circuit is 0. The inductance is doubled
and the capacitance is also doubled. Now the resonant frequency of the
circuit is
a) 2 0
b) 0/2
c) 0/4
d) 0/ 2
164.The ratio between peak current and effective current is
a) 0
b)2
c)1.414
d) 0.707
97
165.The number of turns in a solenoid of length l is N. The self inductance

of the solenoid is proportional to
a) N / l
b) N2/ l
c) N l
d) N2l
166.The reactance offered by a capacitor to an AC is X. When the
capacitance is doubled , the reactance is
a) 2X
b) X
c) X/2
d) X/4
167.A fuse is having rms value of current rating of 10A. Then the
peak value of the fuse wire is
a) 7A
b) 1A
c) 707A
d) 7.07A
168.The rms value of AC is times the peak value of AC
a) 70.7%
b) 1/2
c) 0.707
d) all
169.Q- factor of a circuit can be increased by having a coil of
a) large inductance and high current
b) large inductance and low resistance
c) small inductance and high resistance
d) small inductance and low reactance
170.Coefficient of self inductor of solenoid is independent of
a) number of turns in coil
b) the area of cross section of coil
c) the length of the coil
d) the current passing through the coil.
171.A current of 1A flowing through a coil of inductance 1H is
switched off in 1 millisecond. What is induced emf.
a) + 100V
b) 100V c) + 1000V
d) 1000V
172.A conductor moving in the magnetic field B the induced
current is I. If the magnetic field is doubled, the induced
current will
a) remain same
b) be half c) be double d) be four times
173.The self inductance of a straight conductor is
a) Zero
b) infinity c) very large d) very small
174.The induced emf is maximum in a coil when the plane of the
coil is to B.
a) at right angles b) acute angles c) parallel d) not parallel
175.The number of magnetic lines of force crossing unit area
normally is
a) magnetic flux b) magnetic induction c) induced emf d) total flux
176.Weber per ampere can be written as
a) farad
b) coloumb
c) henry
d) volt
th
177.Energy is stored in an inductor as

b) electrical potential energy
c) magnetic potential energy d) neither electric nor magnetic energy
178.Total number of magnetic lines of force linked with the
area of cross section of a coil is known as
a) magnetic flux
b) magnetic flux density
c) magnetic permeability
d) magnetic intensity
179.The strength of current produced in a generator is
a) directly proportional to the speed of revolution of armatures
b) inversely proportional to the speed of revolution of armature
c) inversely proportional to the magnetic field
d) inversely proportional to the area of coil
180.When the voltage is greater and current is less, the power
wasted in transmission line is
a) more
b) less
c) 0 d) infinite
181.In a step-up transformer induced voltage in primary is 220V
and secondary induced voltage is 11kv. The ratio of number
of turns in secondary to that in primary is
a) 20 : 1
b) 22 : 1
c) 1 : 50
d) 50 : 1
182.A d.c circuit contains 10 resistance in series with 10H coil.
The impedance of the circuit is
a) 10
b) 20
c) 1
d) zero
183.Resonance frequency of a circuit is f. If the capacitance is made 4 times
the initial value, then the resonance frequency will become
a) f
b) 2f
c) f/2
d) f/4
184.Eddy currents are produced, when
a) a metal is kept in varying magnetic field
b) a metal is kept in steady magnetic field
c) a circular coil is placed in magnetic field
d) all the above
185.The rms value of an altlernating current is .

a) less than zero
b) equal to its peak value
c) less than its peak value d) greater than its peak value
186.A transformer ..
a) changes energy
b) changes frequency
c) changes voltage
d) generates emf
99
187.The average value of alternating current over one complete

cycle is
a) Io
b) Io/2
c) 2 Io
d) zero
188.At resonance, the impedance of the AC circuit is ..
a) inductive b) capacitive c) resistive
d) combination of inductive and capacitive reactances
189.At resonance frequency in an LCR circuit the potential drop across LC
combination is
a)maximum b)minimum c) first increases and then decreases d) zero
190.At resonance VL and VC are
a) in phase
b) out of phase by
c)out of phase by /2
d) out of phase by 270 0
191.According to Faradays law of electromagnetic induction
a) an emf can be produced by time varying magnetic flux
b) a magnetic field is produced by time varying electric field
c) the charge is conserved
d) the magnetic field associated with the conductor is equal to the flux
192.When a varying current flows through a coil, an emf is induced in it.
This is
a) motor action
b) generator action
c) known as self induction d) known as mutual induction
193.When the coil in an AC generator rotates at an angular velocity
of 50 rad/s, the frequency of the induced emf
a) 100 Hz
b) 50 Hz
c) 25 Hz
d) 1000 Hz
194.The power factor of an AC in LCR series circuit at resonance is
a) zero
b) one
c)less than one
d) greater than one
195.A dc of 5 A produces the same heating effect as an AC of
a) 50 A rms current
b) 5 A peak current
c) 5 A rms current
d) 50 A peak current
196.In a resonant circuit at resonance
a) the current is minimum b) the impedance is maximum
c) the voltage and current are in phase
d) the voltage and current are in out of phase
197.The current in the LCR series circuit is maximum when
a) the inductive and capacitive values are numerically equal
b) the inductive and capacitive reactance are equal
c) the inductive reactance and resistance are equal
th
d) the capacitive reactance and resistance are equal

198.At resonant frequency in an LCR circuit the potential drop across LC
combination is
a) maximum
b) minimum
c) zero
d) first increases and then decreases
199.The orientation of a coil is at zero degree if it is .. to the magnetic field
a) parallel
b) neither parallel nor perpendicular
c) either parallel or perpendicular d) perpendicular
200.When a coil is rotated in a magnetic field with constant speed, then
a) a periodic emf is induced
b) emf is not induced
c) unidirectional emf is induced
d) rectification occurs
II. IMPORTANT UNITS
1.The unit of self inductance is
2.Henry is equal to
3.The unit of inductive reactance is ..
4.The unit of capacitive reactance is .
5.The unit of impedance is ..
6.The unit of frequency is .
7.The unit of induced emf is
8.The unit of mutual inductance is
9.The unit of magnetic flux is
10.The unit of magnetic field is .
11.The unit of inductance is ..
12. The unit of capacitance is .
13.The unit of resistance is ..
14.The unit of power dissipated is .
15.The unit of energy stored in the inductor is
1.The permittivity of free space is .
2.The self inductance of a straight conductor is .
3.In three phase AC generator , the three coils differs in phase by ..
4.Domestic power in India is supplied at a frequency of ..
101
5.RMS value of AC is .. % of the peak value .

6.Inductive reactance for direct current is
7.Capacitive reactance for direct current is
8.Voltage drop across inductor and capacitor differs in phase by .
9.Q-factor has value lying between .. to .. for normal frequencies.
1.Magnetic flux is .
2.Magnetic flux over the closed area in vector form is
3.According to Faradays law of electromagnetic induction the induced emf
is ..
4.According to Faradays law and Lenzs law the induced emf is .
5.Induced emf by changing the magnetic induction is
6.Induced emf by changing the area enclosed by the coil is
7.Induced emf by changing the orientation magnetic induction is
8.The induced emf across an inductor is
9.The magnetic flux linked with a current carrying coil is
10.The coefficient of self induction of a solenoid is .
11.Energy stored in a inductor (coil) is
12.Coefficient of mutual inductance is .
13.Mutual induction between two long solenoid is ..
14.Transformer formula is
15Transformer ratio is ..
16.Efficiency of a transformer .
17.Power loss is..
18.RMS value of AC current is
19. RMS value of AC voltage is
20.Expression for instantaneous value of voltage is .
21. Expression for instantaneous value of current is .
22.Inductive reactance is ..
23.Capacitive reactance is ..
24.Impedance in LCR circuit is .
25.Resultant voltage in LCR circuit is.
26.Phase angle between the voltage and current in LCR circuit is .
27. Resonant frequency of the series LCR circuit is
28.Average power consumed by the choke coil is
29.Q factor of a series resonance circuit is ..
102

I. DEFINATIONS:
1. Define magnetic flux.
2. Define coefficient of self inductance.
3. Define coefficient of mutual inductance.
4. Define henry.
5. Define rms value of AC.
6. Define alternating current and give its expression.
7. Define power factor.
8. Define quality factor.
9. Define efficiency of transformer.
10. Define inductive reactance.
11. Define capacitive reactance.
12. Define resonant frequency.
13. State electromagnetic induction.
14. State Faradays laws of electromagnetic induction.
15. State Lenzs law.
16. State Flemings right hand rule.
17. Give the uses of choke coil.
18. Give the uses of transformer.
VI.REASONING QUESTIONS
19. Why a DC ammeter cannot read AC?
20. A capacitor blocks d.c. but allows a.c. .Explain
21. Can a transformer be used for stepping up DC? Explain.
22. Why the efficiency of a transformer is always less than unity?
VII.DISTINGUISHING AND DIFFERENTIATING QUESTIONS
23. Differentiate between self inductance and mutual inductance.
24. Mention the difference between a step up and step down
transformer.
25. Differentiate between AF choke and RF choke.
26. Differentiate between inductive reactance and capacitive reactance.
VIII.THEORY QUESTIONS
103
27. State the methods of producing induced emf.

28. What is a poly phase AC generator?
29. What is eddy current? How will you reduce eddy current?
30.What is choke coil?
31. On what factors does the coefficient of mutual induction depend
on?
1.A coil of 20 turns and area 10-4 m2 placed perpendicular to a magnetic
field of induction 5 x 10-3 Wb / m2 . Calculate the magnetic flux
through the coil.
2.In a magnetic field , magnetic flux is 10 Wb, the magnetic flux density
is 0.1NA-1m-1 and the flux lines are perpendicular to the area . What is
the area of the magnetic flux?
3.The self induction of a coil is 5 mH and an electric current of 10 A is
flowing through it. Calculate the induced emf in the coil if the current
is reduced to zero from 10 A in 0.2 s.
4 .A coil has self inductance of 0.02 H. Calculate the value of induced
emf when the current in the coil is changing at the rate of 150As-1
5.When 0.5 A current passes through an inductor coil, the flux linked
with it is 0.15 Wb. Then find the self inductance of the coil .
6.Two coils of inductance 2 H and 3 H are connected in series Find the
effective inductance .
7.Two coils of inductance 2 H and 3H are connected in parallel. Find
the effective.
8. A current of 4 A passing through a coil is cut off in 10-3s . Another
coil has a mutual induction of 40 mH with the first one. Calculate the
emf induced in the second coil.
9.An emf of 60 mV is induced in a coil when current in neighbouring coil
changes from 11 A to 5 A in 0.10 second. Calculate their coefficient of
mutual inductance.
10.A coil of 1000 turns and area 0.02 m2 is placed normal to a uniform
magnetic field of induction 0.4 Wb/m2.Calculate the magnetic flux
through the coil .
11.A coil having 100 turns and a cross sectional area of 0.03 m2 in a
magnetic field which changes from 0.20 Wb/ m2 to 0.40 Wb /m2 at a
uniform rate over a period of 0.03 sec. What is the magnitude of the
104
induced emf in the coil?

12.A helicopter rises vertically with a speed of 36 km / hr. If the helicopter
be a horizontal linear conductor of length 10 m and if the horizontal
component of the earths magnetic induction be 2 x10-3 tesla, Then find
the potential difference between the tips of the nose and tail of the
helicopter.
13.If a straight conductor of length l and of resistance R is moving
perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field of flux density B with a
velocity v then find the induced current.
14.A wire of length 50 cm moves with a velocity of 300 m/min
perpendicular to a magnetic field. If the emf induced in the wire is 2 V
Find the magnetic induction
15.When the coil in an AC generator rotates at an angular velocity of 50
rad /s . Calculate the frequency of the induced emf .
16.A current of 5 A flows through a conductor of resistance 3 . What is the
loss of power due to joules heating effect?
17.A transformer steps up 220 V to 2200 V. If the secondary coil of the
transformer has 200 turns, Calculate the number of turns in the primary.
18.In a step up transformer, the input voltage is 220 V and the output
voltage is 11 kV. Then find the ratio of the number of turns of secondary
to primary .
19.Calculate the current drawn by the primary coil of a step down
transformer which steps down 220 V to 22 V with an output power of
22W.
20.An ideal transformer has 50 turns on its primary and 250 turns on the
secondary. If at 12 V, 4 A current is passed through the primary, find the
current in the secondary.
21.A voltage rating of 220 V alternating current. Calculate the peak value of
incoming sinusoidal voltage .
22.A fuse having a current rating of 6 A. Calculate the peak value of
current flowing through it.
23.An alternating voltage is represented by e=100 sin 314 t. Calculate its
rms value .
24.The peak values of voltage and current in a circuit containing resistor
only are 240 V and 0.5 A respectively. Calculate the power.
25.Calculate the reactance offered by a 3 H inductor to an AC supply of
frequency 50 Hz.
105
26.When 100 V AC of frequency 50 Hz is applied to a coil, a current of 0.5

A flows through it. What is the impedance of it?
27.Calculate the frequency at which a 2 H inductor has a reactance of 20
to an AC circuit with the inductor only.
28.Calculate the reactance of a capacitor of 1 / farad and 50 Hz is.
29.An AC circuit contains 4 resistance in series with an inductance coil of
reactance 3. Calculate the impedance of the circuit.
30.Calculate the resonant frequency 0 of a series RLC circuit with L= 2H,
C = 32 F.
31.The capacitive reactance of a 15 F capacitor at a frequency of 2000 Hz
is 6.28 . Then calculate the inductance required to produce resonance
32.Calculate the reactance offered by a 1 henry inductor to an AC of
frequency 50 Hz .
33.How much magnetic potential energy is stored in a 20 mH coil carries a
current of 0.2 A?
34.Calculate the value of capacitance which offers a reactance of 1000 ohm
to an AC supply frequency of 50 Hz.
35.Calculate the value of inductance which offers a reactance of 628 ohm to
an AC supply of frequency 50 Hz.
36.Calculate the inductive reactance of a coil , if the current through it is
30 mA when the p.d. across it is 60 V.
37.The co-efficient of mutual inductance is 5H between the primary and
secondary of a coil. A current of 10A is cut off in 5 second. Calculate the
induced emf.
38.Calculate the frequency at which a 1 henry inductor has a reactance of
314 ohm

1.State Lenzs law and explain how is it in accordance with the law of
conservation of energy.
2.Explain how an emf can induced by changing the area enclosed by the
coil.
3.Obtain an expression for energy associated with an inductor.
4.Explain the principle , construction and working of a choke coil.
106
5.Explain varies losses in a transformer. How can these be minimized .

6.Derive an expression for Q-factor and explain variation of current with
frequency.
7.Obtain an expression for the rms value of AC.
8.Obtain an expression for the current flowing in a circuit containing
resistance only to which alternating emf is applied. Find the phase
relationship between voltage and current.
inductance only to which alternating emf is applied. Find the phase
relationship between voltage and current
capacitance only to which alternating emf is applied. Find the phase
relationship between voltage and current
11.Derive an expression for the average power in an AC circuit.
12.Explain self induction. Deduce the unit for self inductance.
13.Explain the phenomenon of mutual induction and calculate the
coefficient of mutual induction.
14.Explain the mutual induction between two long solenoids. Obtain an
expression for the mutual inductance.
VIII.TEN MARK QUESTIONS
1.Discuss with theory the method of inducing emf in a coil by changing its
orientation with respect to the direction of the magnetic field.
2.Describe the principle ,construction and working of a single phase AC
generator.
3.Explain the principle of transformer. Discuss its construction and
working.
4.A source of alternating emf is connected to a series combination of a
resistor R, an inductor L and a capacitor C. Obtain with the help of a
vector diagram and impedance diagram, an expression for (i) the effective
voltage (ii) the impedance (iii) the phase relationship between the current
and the voltage.
5.What are eddy currents? Explain their applications. How are they
minimized?
107
KEY-4 LESSON
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
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b
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21
22
23
24
25
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27
28
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30
31
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33
34
35
36
37
38
a
a
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c
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c
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41
42
43
44
45
46
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48
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50
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57
58
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c
a
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81
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158
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c
19 b 39 b 59 c 79 d 99 b 119 b 139 b 159 a 179 a 199 d

20 b 40 c 60 a 80 c 100 a 120 d 140 c 160 b 180 b 200 a
5.ELCTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND WAVE OPTICS

1.The angle between electric field and magnetic fields occur simultaneously
in the perpendicular plans and attain their maxima and minima at
a) 0.1 second between the field
b) 1 second between the fields
c) 10 second between the fields

d) the same time
2.The angle between electric and magnetic fields in electromagnetic waves
is
a)00
b)
c) /2
d) 2
3.What is the phase difference between electric and magnetic field vectors
in the electromagnetic waves?
a) 00
b)
c) /2
d) 2
4.The velocity of light is maximum in
a)diamond
b) water
c) vacuum
d) glass
5.If Vg, Vx and Vm are the speed of gamma rays, X-rays and microwaves
respectively in vacuum , then
a) Vg Vx Vm
b) Vg Vx Vm c) Vg Vx Vm d) Vg= Vx = Vm
6.The wavelength of microwave is
a) smaller than the wavelength of violet light
b) smaller than the wavelength of yellow light
th
c) larger than the wavelength of red light

d) larger than the wavelength of radio waves
7.A red flower seen in the light of mercury vapour lamp through a green
filter will appear
a) black
b) red
c)violet
d) white
8.The amount of bending of light depends upon the
a) wavelength
b) frequency
c) intensity
d) phase
9.The phenomenon responsible for the colour of the sky is
a) scattering b) refraction
c) reflection
d) dispersion
10.The blue colour of the sky is due to the scattering of of the sun rays
a) shorter wavelength
b) longer wavelength
c) all the wavelength
11.The Raman lines having frequencies lower than the incident frequency
called
a) unmodified lines
b) Stokes lines
c) Anti-Stokes lines
d)absorption lines
12.The waves are diffracted only

a) at higher wavelength b) at lower wavelength
d) at high speed
c)when the size of the obstacle is comparable to wavelength
13. When light passes from one medium into another medium, then the
physical property which does not change is
a) velocity
b) wavelength c) frequency
d) refractive index
14.The refractive index is directly proportional to
a)
b) 2
c) 1/2
d) 1/
15.In interference pattern , the width of the dark fringes 1 the width of the
bright fringe 2 is
a) 21= 2
b) 22= 1
c) 1= 2
d) 1+ 2 =1
16.What is the scattering ratio of two waves having wavelength ratio 2 :3

a) 81 : 16
b) 16 : 81
c) 81 : 64
d) 64 : 81
17.The spectrum obtained by the white light when it is allowed to pass through
dilute blood
a) Line emission spectrum
b) Continuous absorption spectrum
c) Band absorption spectrum
d) Line absorption spectrum
18. According to Huygens. light wave is
110
a) e.m.wave b) Transverse wave c) Longitudinal wave d) Light ray photon

19.The wavelength of light is and rate of scattering is S. According to
Rayleighs scattering law
a) S 1/4
b) S -1/4
c) S 4
d) S 4
20.The Raman frequency observed from Raman effect
a) is positive for Stokes lines
b) is negative for anti-Stokes lines
c) does not depend on the frequency of incident light
d) all the above
21.Which property of light changes when it travels from one medium to other
medium.
a) Frequency b) Wavelength c) Velocity
d) Both (b), (c)
22.The amplitude ratio of two coherent waves is 5 : 2 Then their ratio of
maximum and minimum intensities
a) 25 : 4
b) 49 : 9
c) 4 : 25
d) 9 : 49
23. In Youngs experiment. When a light of wavelength 4800 A0 is used. the
width of the fringe obtained is 2.4mm. Find the fringe width when a light of
wavelength 5600 A0
a) 1.8 mm
b) 2.8 mm
c) 2.1 mm
d) 2.55 mm
24. The wavelength of light in vacuum be a and in water medium be w, then
refractive index of water is given by.
a) = a x w
b) = a / w c) = w / a
d) = a - w
25. As n increases, Newtons rings
a) get closer b) get broader
c) disappear d)none of these.
26. When a light ray of wavelength 6000 Ao travels from air into a medium of
refractive index 1.5 , its frequency will be
a) 4 x 1014 Hz
b) 7.5 x 1014 Hz
c) 5 x 10 14 Hz
d) 6.4 x10 14 Hz
27. In Newtons rings. the radius of nth dark band in air is rn and in liquid is m
then the refractive index of liquid is given by
a) = rn / rm
b) = rm/ rn
c) = rn2/ rm2
d) = rm2 /rn2
28.Diffraction effect is pronounced more in sound than in light, because

a) Wavelength of sound is low
b) Wavelength of light is low
c) Velocity of sound is low
d)Velocity of light is high
29. When a plane polarized ray is allowed to pass through an analyser, and the
analyser is rotated through an angle 90 then the intensity of out coming ray
a) remains the same
b) changes from maximum to zero
c) changes from maximum to minimum d) changes from zero to maximum
30. According to Brewsters law
111
a) = tan -1 ip
b) = cot ip
c) ip = tan -1 () d) ) = (tan ip) 1/2
31. In Newtons rings experiment the radius of 2nd dark ring is R. then radius of
8th dark ring is
a) 2 R
b) 4 R
c) R/2
d) R/4
32. In double refraction crystal the extra ordinary ray produces wave
front.
a) spherical
b) plane
c) cylindrical
d) elliptical
33. In Newtons rings experiment the thickness of the air film at which 4th dark
ring is produced when wavelength of light used is 5000 A0
a) lm
b) 20 x 10-7 m
c) 8 x10-6 m
d) 6.5 x 10-7 m
34.A light ray incident on a reflecting surface at an angle 53 4. If the reflected
ray is completely plane polarized then the sum of incident angle and refracting
angle is
a) 106 8
b) 2656
c) 90
d) 11656
35.The shape of wave front going to diffract in Fraunhofer diffraction
a) Spherical
b) cylindrical
c) plane
d) elliptical
36. In a plane transmission grating the width of slit is 300 nm and
width of line is 200 nm, then N value of grating is
a) 6 x 105 line/meter
b) 2 x 106 line/meter
c) 1.5 x 109 line/meter
d) 6.5 x 109 line/meter
37.The makers formula N of a grating is 6000/cm then the grating element is
a) 6 x 105 m b)1.66 x 10-6 m c) 2.8 x 10-5 m
d) 3.5 m
38.The refractive index of water is 4/3. Then its angle of polarization is
a) 52.5
b) 57.5
c) 53.4
d) 60
39.Which of the following is an optically active substance?
a) NaCl
b) sugar crystals
c) turpentine oil d) all of these
40.The scientists who suggested light rays are transverse
a) Foucault, Huygens
b) Huygens, Fresnel
c) Newton, Einstein
d) Fresnel, Young
41.If S1 , S2 are the rate of scattering of two light rays, then their wavelength
ratio is
a) 1/ 2 = (S1/ S2 )4
b) 1/ 2 = (S1/ S2 )1/4
c) 1/ 2 = (S1/ S2 )
d) 1/ 2 = (S2/ S1)1/4
42.Raman effect supports
112
a) Quantum theory
b) Corpuscular theory
c) Wave theory
d) Electromagnetic theory
43.When a light ray photon is incident on an excited atom. gain some energy
from it and scattered. the wavelength of scattered photon
c) does not change d) becomes zero
44.The phase difference between the successive particles of a wave front
a) /2
b)
c) 3/2
d) 0
45.Which property of light could not be changed when reflection, refraction of
light occurs?
a) velocity
b) frequency
c) wavelength
c) all these
46.The light waves emitted by two same type monochromatic light sources could
not be coherent because the light waves are not having
a) same wavelength b) same amplitude c) same phase d) same frequency
47.Condition for getting sustained interference is
a) the two source could be coherent b) two sources should be very narrow
c) two sources should be very close to each other d) all the above
48.The colours appeared by interference due to reflection of light rays on thin
film depends upon
a) The thickness of the film
b) density of the film material
c) The angle of incidence of light
d) Both (a) and (c)
49. A ray of light traveling in air and getting reflected at the surface of denser
medium undergoes a phase change of
a) 0
b) /2
c)
d) 2
50. When a light is allowed to pass through an analyser. and rotate the analyser
from 0 to 90 as if intensity of out coming ray varies from maximum to
minimum then the ray is
a) an ordinary ray
b) a plane polarized ray
c)a partially plane polarized ray d) none of these
51.A plano convex lens of radius 3 m is placed on the optically flat glass plate
and is illuminated by monochromatic light. The radius of the 8th dark ring is
3.6mm. Then the wavelength of light is
a) 5600 A
b) 540 nm
c) 4800 A
d) 5890 A
113
52.The optical rotation does not depend on

a) thickness of the crystal
b) velocity of the incident light
c)density of the crystal
d) temperature of the solution
53.The path difference between two monochromatic light waves of wavelength
4000A0 is 1000 A0. The phase difference between them is
a)
b) 2
c) 3/2
d) /2
54. In youngs experiment the width of third bright band is 2 mm when a light
ray of wavelength 6000 A0 is used. Find the width of sixth dark band
a) 3mm
b) 6mm
c) 2mm
d) 4mm
0
55.Wavelength of light in vacuum is 6000A . Then its wavelength in a medium
of refractive index 4/3 is
a) 4000A0
b) 4500A0
c) 5x10-7 m
d) 3x108m
56.In Youngs experiment two light rays of wavelengths 4200A0 and 5400A0 are
used. Let D and d are taken as constants, the ratio of the band produced in
both cases is given by
a) 9:7
b) 8:3
c) 7:9
d) 3:8
57. In Newtons ring experiment when a light ray of wavelength 5000 A0 is used.
Calculate the thickness of the air film at which 18th dark ring is produced.
a) 5.5 x 10-7 m
b) 3.4 x 10-6 m
c) 5x 10-6 m
d) 4.5 x 10-4 cm
58. In youngs experiment the distance of the 5th dark band from the central
bright band is given by
a) xn =
b) x =
c) x =
d) x =
59. In youngs experiment blue colour light is used. If it is replaced by orange

colour light then the band width will be
a) decreased
b) doubled
c) halved
d) increased
60. Property of light explained by corpuscular theory is
a) Interference
b) refraction
c) diffraction
d) polarization
61.The refractive index of glass is 1.5 What is its refractive index with respect to
water?
a) 1.995
b) 0.8866
c) 1.125
d) 1
62.If 10000 rulings are present in one meter length of a plane diffraction grating
then the grating element is equal to
114
a) 1 x 105 m b) 1 x 10 -4 m
c) 1 x 10 3 m d) 1 x 10 7 m
63.A Nicol prism has its length and breadth in the ratio
a) 3 : 1
b) 2 : 1
c) 1 : 3
d) 2 : 3
64.When sodium light passes along the optic axis of a calcite crystal the
refractive index for extraordinary ray is
a) 1.486
b) 1.532
c) 1.615
d) 1.658
65.The wavelength of light used in Newtons rings when radius of first order ring
and radius of curvature of lens respectively are 1.21 mm and 3 m is
a) 4880 A
b) 5500 A
c) 3900 A
d) 7800 A
66.Harmful rays in solar spectrum are
a) Gamma rays
b) IR rays
c) UV rays
d) X-rays
67.Ration of radii of 4th and 25th rings of the Newtons rings is
a) 2.5
b) 0.8
c) 0.4
d)0.16
68.Two coherent sources have wavelength A and B. Then
a) A = B
b) A B c) A B
d) none of these
69.The critical angle for a medium is 30 . The angle of incidence for total
internal reflection is
a) equal to 30
b) less than 30
c) equal to 90 d)greater than 30
70.Which one of the following are not electromagnetic waves?
a) Gamma rays
b) X rays
c) Beta rays
d) Micro waves
71.The refractive index of the medium is 3. If the unpolarised light is incident
on it at the polarizing angle of the medium. then the angle of refraction is
a)
b)
c)
d)
72.Emission, absorption and interaction of light with matter are explained by

a) Corpuscular theory
b) Wave theory
c) Electromagnetic theory
d) quantum theory
73.When a Polaroid is rotated, the intensity of the light does not vary, then the
incident light is
a) un polarised
b) completely polarised
c) partially polarised
d) quarterly polarised
74. If an electromagnetic wave is propagating along x direction and electric
field variation is along y direction then the magnetic field variation will be
a) along x direction
b) inclined at an angle of 45 with x - direction
115
c) along y direction
d) along z direction
75.If the refractive index of second medium with respect to the first medium is
greater than one. then it implies that
a) first medium is rarer and the second medium is denser
b) first medium is denser and the second medium is rarer
c) velocity of light in the first medium is less than that in the second medium
d) velocity of light is same in both media.
76.Of the following optically active material is
a) sodium chloride b) calcium chloride c) sodium d) chlorine
77.In Raman effect. if the wavelength of the incident light and Anti stokes
lines are 5461 A0 and 5441 A0 the wavelength of the stokes lines will be
a) 5451A0
b) 5481 A0
c) 5461 A0
d) 5420 A0
78. If the velocity of light in a medium is 2.25 x 108 ms-1 then the refractive index
of the medium will be
a) 1.5
b) 0.5
c) 1.33
d) 1.73
79. If the wavelength of light wave in vacuum is 6.4 x 10-7 m, the wavelength of
light wave in water of refractive index 1.33 will be
a) 4 x 10-7 m b) 4 .8 x 10-7 m
c) 2.64 x 10-7 m
d) 5 x 10-7 m
80.The refractive indices for glass and water respectively is 1.5 and 1.33, then the
ratio of velocity of light in glass and water is
a) 4 : 3
b) 3 : 4
c) 8 : 9
d) 9 : 8
81.The distance between the two corresponding points in a grating is 2x10-4 cm.
The number of lines per meter width of the grating will be
a) 20000
b) 2000
c) 500000
d) 50000
0
82.The polarizing angle for water is 57 30 . If the light incident at this angle on
the surface of water and reflected, the angle of refraction in water is
a) 570 30 b) 32 50
c) 32 30
d) 32 10
83.The velocities of red light (600 nm) and violet light (400 nm) in free space are
in the ratio of
a) 2 : 3
b) 1 : 2
c) 3 : 2
d) 1 : 1
84.In a scattering experiment, the wavelength of stokes and anti stokes lines are
found to be 589.3 nm and 588.7 nm respectively. The wavelength of
116
unmodified lines is
a) 5890 A
b) 598 nm
c) 589.9 nm
d) 5881 A
85.In Raman effect, if is the frequency of incident light and
is the Raman shift, the frequency of anti Stokes lines is
a)
b) +
b)
d)
86.In Raman scattering with the incident photon of frequency 5.357x1014 Hz,
anti Stokes line is found to be at 5.556 x 1014 Hz. The frequency of Stokes
line is
a) 5.755 x 1014 Hz
b) 5.457 x 1014 Hz
c) 5.158 x 1014 Hz
d) 5.655 x 1014 Hz
87.The central fringe in youngs experiment is bright, because the path difference
is
a)
b) /2
c)2
d) zero
88. In youngs experiment by doubling the distance between the slits and screen
and by halving the distance between the slits, the fringe width becomes
a) doubled
b) halved
c) quartered
d) quadrupled
89. In Raman spectrum, stokes and anti Stokes lines are found at 5.84 x 1014 Hz
and 5.9 6 x 1014 Hz respectively. The frequency of Rayleigh line is
a) 5.9 x 1014 Hz
b) 6.0 x 1012 Hz c) 6.62 x 1014 Hz d) 5.78 x 1014 Hz
90.The value of ratio of amount of scattering by two waves of wavelengths
400 nm and 600 nm is
a) 0.66
b) 15
c) 5.1
d) 1.5
91.In youngs experiment, by using two sources of wavelengths 1 and 2 the
fringe widths are found to be 2 nm and 2.55 nm and if 2 = 6.65 x 10-7 m, what
is 1 ?
a) 8312.5A
b) 5215 A
c) 5948 A
d) 6850A
92.In a youngs double slit experiment, light rays of two different wavelengths
are used. If the ratio of the widths of the 3rd bands for the two rays is 7, what
is the ratio of corresponding wavelengths?
a) 1/71/3
b) 71/3
c) 1/7
d) 7
93.In diffraction of composite light by grating the zeroth order image is
a) yellow
b) red
c) white
d) multi colour
94.When a ray of light is incident on a glass surface at polarizing angle of
117
570 30,the angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray is
a) 570 30
b) 350 30
c) 115
d) 90
95.Unpolarised light passes through a tourmaline crystal. The emergent light is
analysed by analyser. When the analyser is rotated through 90 the intensity
of light.
a) remains uniformly bright
b) remains uniformly dark
c) varies between maximum and minimum
d) varies between maximum and zero
96.Which one of the following is not an electromagnetic wave?
a) X-rays
b) -rays
c) U-V rays
d) -rays
97. If C is the velocity of light in vacuum, the velocity of light in a medium with
refractive index is
a) C
b)
c)
d)
98. A ray of light passes from a denser medium into a rarer medium. For an angle
on incidence of 45, the refracted ray grazes the surface of separation of the
two media. The refractive index of the denser medium is
a)
b)
c) 2
d) 2
99. In Newtons rings experiment, light of wavelength 5890A0 is used. The order
of the dark ring produced where the thickness of the air film is 0.589 m is
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
100. In Raman effect, if the scattered photon gains energy, it gives rise to
a) Stokes line
b) anti-Stokes line
c) Stokes and anti-Stokes lines
d) Rayleigh line
101. A ray of light is incident on a glass surface such that the reflected ray is
completely plane polarized. The angle between the reflected ray and the
refracted ray is
a) 57.5
b) 32.5
c) 90
d) 115
102.The fringe width for red light as compared to that of violet light is almost
a) thrice
b) double
c) four times
d) eight times
103. In Newtons ring experiment, for the light of wavelength , the first bright
ring appears when the thickness of air film is
a) /2
b)
c) /4
d) 3/2
-3
104. If the radius of the first Newtons ring is 1.89 x 10 m, the radius of the
118
fourth Newtons ring is

a) 7.56 x 10-6 s b) 0.378 x 10-4 m
c) 0.378 x 10-3 m d) 3.78 x 10-3 m
105. Refractive indices of glass and water are 3/2 and 4/3 respectively. The ratio
of the speed of light in water to that in glass is
a) 1 : 1
b) 8 : 9
c) 9 : 8
d) 4 : 15
106.The overlapping in certain parts of the electromagnetic spectrum reveals that
the particular wave
a) can be produced by only one method b)has very high energy values
c) can be produced by different methods d) has very low energy values
107.The spectrum consisting of unbroken luminous bands of all wavelength
containing all colours from red to violet is given by
a) mercury in mercury vapour lamp
b)calcium and barium salts in Bunsen flame
c)carbon arc lamp
d) CO2 gas in molecular state in discharge tube
108.Soap bubbles exhibit brilliant colours in sun light due to
a) scattering of light
b) diffraction of light
c) Polarisation of light
d) interference of light
109.If i is the angle of incidence, the angle between the incident wave front
and the normal to the reflecting surface is
a) i
b) 900- i
c) 900 + i
d) i- 900
110.In a Nicol prism, the ordinary ray is prevented from coming out of Canada
balsam by the phenomenon of
a) reflection b) polarization c) diffraction d) total internal reflection
111.In Youngs double slit experiment , bandwidth contains
a) a bright band only
b) a dark band only
c)either a bright band or a dark band d) both a bright and a dark band
112.For a given angle of incidence , a refracted wave front is possible if
a) sin r 1
b) sin r = 1
c) sin r1 d) sin r =
113.Electromagnetic waves are generated by
a) varying magnetic field

b) electric charges which are at rest
c) accelerated electric charges d) accelerated magnetic poles
114.A carbon arc lamp, often used in cinema theaters, gives a
a) line spectrum
b) continuous spectrum
c) band spectrum
d) absorption spectrum
119
115.In an electromagnetic wave, variations in electric and magnetic

fields occur.
a) simultaneously in the same plane
b) at different instants in the same plane
c) at different instants in perpendicular planes
d) simultaneously in perpendicular planes
116.Line spectra are often obtained from
a) a discharge tube containing ammonia
b) a discharge tube containing xenon gas at high pressure
c) atoms in the gaseous state
d) carbon di-oxide lamp
117.The spectrum which can be used as a means of identifying an element
is
a) line spectrum
b) continuous spectrum
c) band spectrum
d) band absorption spectrum
118.A pure green glass when placed in the path of white light gives
a) continuous absorption spectrum b) line spectrum
c) absorption spectrum
d) line absorption spectrum
119.Solar spectrum is an example for
a) continuous absorption spectrum b) line spectrum
c) absorption spectrum
d) line absorption spectrum
120.If the velocity of light in vacuum is C ms-1, then the velocity of
light in a medium of refractive index 1.6 is
a) 1.6 cms-1
b) C/1.6 ms-1 c) 1.6/C ms-1 d) C ms-1
121.In which of the following media the velocity of light is
maximum?
a) water
b) air
c) glass d) salt water
122.When a ray of light enters a glass from air
a) its wavelength decreases
b) its frequency decreases
c) its wavelength increase
d) neither its wavelength nor its frequency changes
123.When interference of wave takes place, there is redistribution of
a) amplitude
b) frequency
c) intensity of light d) phase
124.If the path difference between two waves is x , then the phase
difference is
a) 2 x
b) 2x/
c) /2x d) 2x
120
125.If the path difference corresponding to a phase difference of

is
a) 2
b) /2
c) (3/2)
d) /4
126.The fringe width in Youngs double slit experiment can be
increased by decreasing
a) the distance between the slit and the screen
b) the distance between the slits c) the width of the slit
d) the wavelength of light
127.In double slit interference experiment, when yellow light is
replaced by a red light, the fringe width.
a)decreases b) increases c) remains the same d)becomes zero
128.The colour of oil spread on a patch of water on the road in a rainy
day is due to
a) polarization of light
b) diffraction of light
c) interference of light
d) reflection of light
129.When viewed a white light, soap bubbles show colour due to
a) interference
b) scattering
c)diffraction
d) total internal reflection
130.If a white light is used the centre of Newtons rings is
a) bright
b) violet
c) red
d) dark
131.The bending of light around the edges of an obstacle is called
a) dispersion
b) refraction
c) deviation d)diffraction
132.Diffraction of light is in accordance with
a) the corpuscular theory of light d)the quantum theory of light
c) the electromagnetic theory of light b) the wave theory of light
133.Diffraction effects are more in the case of sound waves than in the
case of light waves because
a) the wavelength of sound waves is less than that of light wave
b) the velocity of sound is less than the velocity of light
c) sound waves are longitudinal and light waves are transverse
d)the wavelength of sound waves is greater than that of light wave
134.In Fresnel diffraction, the wave front undergoing diffraction is
a) spherical or cylindrical
b) plane
c) elliptical
d) elliptical
135.Constructive interference takes place when the phase difference
between them is
th
a)2
b)
c) /2
d)3/2
136.In a diffraction grating, the grating element is
a) the total number of ruling drawn
b) the number of slits or opaque portions
c) the combined width of a ruling and a slit
d) the total width of the grating itself
137.The corresponding points on a grating are the points
a) on the extreme positions
b) which are separated by a distance equal to a grating element
c) lying on either side of a slit
d) lying on either side of a ruling
138.Grating can be used to determine
a) velocity of light
b) wavelength of light
c) frequency of light
d) amplitude of light
139.From Brewsters law, we find that polarizing angle depends on
a) the plane of vibration of the beam
b) the plane of polarization of the beam
c) the refractive index of the medium
d) the thickness of the medium
140.Double refraction is exhibited by
a) glass
b)gas
c) calcite
d) liquid
141.The velocities of the extraordinary ray and ordinary ray in calcite
crystal are
a) same in all direction
b)different in all direction
c) same in only one direction namely along the optic axis
d) zero in one direction and more than zero in perpendicular
direction
142.In a doubly refracting crystal, along the optic axis, the ordinary ray
and the extraordinary ray
a) travel with the same velocity
b) have different velocities
c) travel slowly
d) travel fast
143.Polaroids are used in aero planes
a) to reduce pressure
b)to increase incoming radiation
c) to reduce incoming radiation
d) to increase pressure
144.In Hertzs experimental set up the metal plates act as a
a) capacitor b) inductor c) resistor
d) conductor
145.In fluorescence atoms in excited state returns back to lower state
th
in a time
a) equal to 10-5s b)less than 10-5s c)greater than 10-5s d) 10-5s
146.The temperature of photo sphere of sun is
a) 14 million K
b) 6000K
c) 14000K d) 600K
147.The ratio of amount of scattering of two wavelength is 81:256 ,the ratio of
their wavelength is
a) 3:4
b) 4:3
c) 2:3
d) 3:2
148.The wavelets from a wave front reaches a point in 0.334s. The point is at a
distance of
a) 100m
b) 1m
c)100cm
d) 1cm
149.Coherent sources are obtained by
a) two independent sources
b) two sources
c) a single source of light
c) diffraction
th
150.The radii of n dark rings in Newtons ring experiment done in air and the
given liquid are respectively1.732 mm and 1.414 mm. The refractive index of
the liquid is
a) 1.33
b)1.5
c) 1.6
d) 1.7
151.In a grating there are 5000 lines per cm. The grating element is
a) 0.2m
b) 2m
c) 5m
d) 0.5m
152.In diffraction pattern the fringes are
a) equally spaced
b) of same intensity
c) unequally spaced
d) having full dark
153.Number of fringes obtained in diffraction is
a) less than that in interference
b) greater than that in interference
c) equal to that in interference
d) zero
154.Polarisation of light implies that light waves are
a) longitudinal b) transverse c) mechanical d) electromagnetic wave
155.Which is not a polarizer?
a) tourmaline crystal b) pile of plate c) Nicol prism d) diffraction grating
156.The instrument used to determine the optical rotation is
a) interferometer b) spectrometer c) polarimeter
d) mass spectrometer
157.Pile of plates employs the principle of
a) double refraction
b) polarization by reflection
c) Polaroid
d) total internal reflection
158.The wavelength of the electromagnetic waves produced by Hertz is
a) 5m
b) 6m
c) 6A0
d) 7m
159.The phenomenon of interference establishes that light
123
a) travel in straight line

b) requires a medium to travel
c) travels in the form of waves
d) is made up of particles
160.The transverse nature of light waves is demonstrated only by the phenomenon
of
a) interference
b) diffraction
c) polarization d) reflection
161.An electromagnetic wave has 5J of electric energy. The magnetic energy is
a) zero
b) 5J
c) 10J
d) 2.5J
162.The velocity of light in vacuum can be changed by changing
a) frequency
b) wavelength c) amplitude
163.Which one of the following groups of electromagnetic waves is in order of

increasing frequency?
a) microwaves, ultraviolet rays, X-rays
b) radio waves, visible light, Infra red radiation
c) gamma rays, visible light, ultraviolet rays
d) gamma rays, ultra rays, radio waves
164.Pick out the longest wavelength from the following types of radiations
a) blue light
b) gamma rays
c) x-rays
d) red light
165.Which of the following electromagnetic radiations has the smallest wave
lengths?
a) microwaves
b) ultra violet rays
c) X-rays
d) gamma rays
166.White light is passed through green glass, glass appears as
a) white
b) black
c) green
d) red
167.The wavelength of light diminishes times in a medium. A diver from inside
water looks at an object whose natural colour is green. He sees the object as
a) green
b) blue
c) yellow
d) red
168.If a glass rod is immersed in liquid of the same refractive index then it will
a) look bent
b) disappear
c) look longer
d) none of these
169.The speed of light in glass is
a) the same as in air
b) greater than the speed in air
c)less than the speed in air
d) less than the speed of sound in air
170.A ray of light takes 2s to pass through a medium of thickness 400 m. The
refractive index of the medium is
a) 1.333
b) 1.600
c) 1.732
d) 1.500
171.It is possible to observe total internal reflection when a ray travels from
a) air into water b) air into glass c) water into glass d) glass into water
172.Which of the following is conserved when light waves interfere?
124
a) intensity b) energy c) mass

d) amplitude
173.The phenomenon of diffraction cannot be explained by corpuscular theory
because
a) the corpuscles cancelled the effect of one another
b) the corpuscles have appreciable mass
c) some of the corpuscles are not in a mood to be deviated
d) the corpuscles traveling at high speed will not be deviated from its straight
line path
174.When a polarizer is rotated , the intensity of light varies but never reduces to
zero because light is
a) partially plane polarized
b) un polarized
c) completely polarized
175.The light emerging from a Nicol prism

a) has vibrations in all direction
b) has vibrations in one direction only
c) has vibrations in two mutually perpendicular directions
d) has no vibration mutually
176.Corpuscles are nothing but
a) ether particles b) electrons
c) protons
d) perfectly elastic , tiny ,weightless particles
177.Light behaves as
a) particles in high energy region and waves in low energy region
b) waves in high energy region and particles in low energy region
c) particles in high and low energy region
d) waves in high and low energy region
178.In Youngs double slit experiment , if one of the slits is covered , then
a) fringes will disappear
b) bright bands will be seen
c) dark bands will be seen
d) fringe width will increase
179.Corresponding points on a grating are any two points in adjacent slits
a) equal to 1/2 of the grating element b) equal to 1/4 of the grating element
c) equal to 3/4 of the grating element d) equal to grating element
180.Unpolarised light means light with
a) many wavelengths
b) many different amplitude waves
c) vibrations taking place in all possible directions
d) varying intensity at a given point
181.In an electromagnetic wave
a) power is equally transferred along the electric field and magnetic field
125
b) power is transmitted in a direction perpendicular to both the fields

c) power is transmitted along electric field
d) power is transmitted along magnetic field
182.In total internal reflection the angle of incidence inside the denser medium
a) is greater than the critical angle b) is lesser than the critical angle
c) is equal to the critical angle
d) is equal to 900
183.The relation connecting the critical angle C and the refractive index of the
denser medium is
a) = Sini /SinC
b) = SinC
c) = 1/SinC
d) =SinC/Sinr
184.Light waves pass through vacuum because they are
a) longitudinal in nature
b) transverse in nature
c) electromagnetic in nature
d)mechanical waves in nature
185.According to Huygens wave theory the angle of incidence is equal to the
angle between
a) the incident wave front and the reflecting surface
b) the normal and the incident wave front
c) the normal and the incident ray
d) the normal and reflected ray.
186.According to Huygens wave theory the angle of reflection is equal to the
angle between
a) the reflected wave front and the reflecting surface
b) the normal and the reflected wave front
c) the normal and the reflected ray
d) the normal and incident ray.
187.According to Huygens wave theory the angle of incidence is equal to the
angle between
a) the refracted wave front and the normal
b) the refracted wave front and the surface of separation
c) the refracted and the normal d) the reflected ray and the normal
188.The wave front emitted by a slit source is
a) plane
b)cylindrical
c) spherical
d) circular
189.The colours present in the spectrum depend upon the temperature of the
source
a) line spectrum
b) band spectrum
c) continuous spectrum
d) absorption spectrum
190.Corpuscular theory of light could not explain

a) polarization of light
b) rectilinear propagation of light
c) refraction of light
d) reflection of light
191.Assuming light waves to be longitudinal, . property of light
could not explained by Huygens
126
a) transverse b)dual c) rectilinear propagation d) particle

192.When a monochromatic beam of light passes from a denser
medium into rare medium, its
a) velocity decreases
b)frequency increases
c) frequency decrease
d) wavelength increase
193.The deviation of a ray of light in passing from one medium into
another medium is known as ..
a) polarization d) diffraction c) refraction d) interference
194.The frequency of light having wavelength 6000 A0 is
a) 0.50 x 1018 Hz
b) 0.50 x 1015 Hz
c) 0.05 x 1018 Hz
d) 5 x 1018 Hz
195.Continuous spectrum depends only on the of the source.
a) characteristics b) temperature c) density d) volume
196.The frequency of incident and scattering radiations are respectively
5x1014 Hz and 5.2x1014 Hz. The Raman shift and type of lines are
a) 2x1013 Hz Stokes line
b) 2x1013 Hz Anti-Stokes line
c) 2x1013 Hz unmodified line
d) 2x1012 Hz Stokes line
197.If the critical angle for total internal reflection from medium to
vacuum is 300, the velocity of light in the medium is
a) 3x108 ms-1 b) 1.5x108 ms-1 c) 6x108 ms-1 d) 1.732x108 ms-1
198.Time taken by sunlight to pass through a window of thickness
4 mm whose refractive index 3/2 is
a) 2x10-4 s
b) 2x108 s
c) 2x10-11 s
d) 2x1011 s
199.In Newtons rings experiment the path difference of interfering
waves is
a) the thickness of air film
b) twice the thickness of air film
c) half the thickness of air film d) the thickness of glass plate
200.The centre of Newtons rings appears dark because
a) the thickness of air film is not zero
b) the thickness of air film is zero
c) the thickness of air film introduce an additional path
differences /2
d) the thickness of air film introduce an additional path
differences /4
II. IMPORTANT UNITS
th
1.The unit of refractive index of a medium is .

2.The unit of wavelength is .
3.The unit of bandwidth is ..
4.The unit of grating element is
5.The unit of frequency is
6.The unit of specific rotation ..
7.The unit of velocity of light is
8.The unit of path difference is
9.The unit of phase difference is ..
10.The unit of radius of curvature of a lens is .
11.The unit of grating constant(No. of grating element per unit length)
is

12.In electromagnetic waves, angle between electric and magnetic field vectors is
13.The electromagnetic waves travel in vacuum or free space with a velocity of
14.The distance between two metal plates of Hertz arrangement is ..
15.Hertz with his experiment set-up produced electromagnetic waves of
frequency
16.The frequency of AM band ranges from to
17.The frequency of television waves ranges from to .
18.The wavelength two sodium lines formed in the sodium spectrum are .. and
19 The frequency of FM ranges from .. to ..
20.The wave length range of visible light is and .
21.The temperature of the photosphere , the centre core of the sun is in the order
of
22.The temperature of the chromo sphere, the outer layer of the sun is
23.The polarizing angle for glass is ..
24.The phase angles of the Nicol prism is
25.The refractive index for Canada balsam is .

1.Velocity of electromagnetic wave in vacuum is .
2.According to Snells law , the refractive index of medium is .
3.Refractive index of medium in terms of wavelength is ..
4.Refractive index of medium in terms of velocity is ..
5.The ratio of maximum intensity to minimum intensity is
6.In Youngs double slit experiment , the condition for constructive
interference is
128
7. In Youngs double slit experiment , the condition for destructive

interference is
8.Band width is ..
9.The condition for the constructive interference in thin films due to
reflected light is
10.The condition for the destructive interference in thin films due to
reflected light is
11.The condition for the constructive interference in thin films due to
transmitted light is
12.The condition for the destructive interference in thin films due to
refracted light is
13.In Newtons rings experiment the condition for bright image is ..
14. In Newtons rings experiment the condition for dark image is ..
15.The radius of the nth dark ring is
16. In Newtons rings experiment the wavelength of light used is ..
17.Using Newtons the refractive index of a liquid is .
18.According to Brewsters law , the refractive index is .
19. According to Brewsters law , the angle of refraction is .
20.The grating element is .
21.In case of plane transmission grating the wavelength used is
22.Specific rotation is .

I.DEFINATIONS:
1. Define wave front.
2. Define interference.
3. Define diffraction.
4. Define polarization.
5. Define plane polarized light.
6. Define optic axis of a crystal.
7. Define specific rotation.
8. Define bandwidth.
9. Define polarizing angle.
10. Define grating element.
129
11. Define corresponding point of a grating.

12. Define total internal reflection.
13. Define critical angle.
14. Define coherent sources.
15. State Rayleighs scattering of light.
16. What is Tyndal Scattering law.
17. What is Raman effect?
18. State Huygens principle.
19. What is the principle of superposition of waves?
20. State Brewsters law.
21. State double refraction.
22. State total internal reflection.
23. State the principle of pile of plates.
24. State the laws of reflection.
25. State the laws of refraction.
26. State the uses of Fraunhofer lines.
27. State the uses of Infra red rays.
28. State the use of pile of plates.
29. State the uses of Microwaves.
30. State the uses of Ultra Violet radiations.
31. State the uses of x-rays.
32. State the uses of -rays.
33. Give the applications of Raman Spectrum.
34. Mention any three uses of Polaroids.
IV.PROPERTIES(CHARACTERISTICS)
35. Give any three characteristics of electromagnetic waves.
36. Why the sky appears blue in colour?
37. Sun appears reddish at sunrise and sunset . Why?
38. Two identical monochromatic sources cannot be coherent . Why?
39. Why is the centre of the Newtons ring dark?
40. Distinguish between line spectrum and continuous spectrum.
41. Distinguish between corpuscles and photons.
th
42. Distinguish between Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction.

43. Mention the difference between interference and diffraction.
44. Differentiate between polarized and un polarized light.
45. Distinguish between plane of vibration and plane of polarization.
46. Differentiate between ordinary ray and extra ordinary ray.
47. What are the Fraunhofer lines?
48. What is fluorescence?
49. What is phosphorescence?
50. What are the conditions for total internal reflection?
51. Give conditions for sustained interference.
52. State the conditions for obtaining clear and broad interference bands.
53. What are Newtons rings?
54. How will you test a polarized light and partially polarized light?
55. What are uniaxial and biaxial crystals? Give examples.
56. On What factors does the amount of optical rotation depend?
57. State the reason for colouring of thin film. On what factors does the
colour of the thin film depend upon?
58. What is meant by plane transmission grating?
VIII DIAGRAMS,CIRCUITS.
59. Draw the diagram of Hertz arrangement for producing
electromagnetic waves.
1.Calculate the energy of a photon of red light of wavelength 6000Ao.
2.If the ratio of the wavelengths of two light waves is 5 : 2 . Then find the
ratio of the amounts of their scattered light .
3.In Raman effect if the wavelength of the incident light and Anti-stokes
lines are 5461 Ao and 5441A0 respectively. Calculate the wavelength of the
Stokes line.
4.A light ray of frequency 6.26 x 1014 Hz is scattered by a pure liquid. The
wavelength of the Anti- Stokes line is 4792 Ao .What is the wavelength of
the Stokes line?
5.Sodium D1 line (5896Ao) is incident on a liquid. The frequency of
scattered photon is 50 x1013 Hz. Calculate the Raman shift.
6.Refractive index of glass is 3/2. Calculate the time taken for light to pass
through a glass plate of thickness 7 cm.
131
7. If the velocity of light in vacuum is c then the velocity of light in a

medium of refractive index 1.6 is
8.If c is the velocity of light in vacuum, what is the velocity of light in glass
with refractive index 3/2?
9.Velocity of light in air is 3 x 108 ms-1. What will be the velocity of light in
a medium of refractive index 1.4?
10.Refractive indices of glass and water are 3 /2 and 4/3 respectively.
Calculate the ratio of the speed of light in water to that in glass.
11.If the critical angle for total internal reflection from medium to vacuum is
30o. Calculate the velocity of light in the medium.
12.In Youngs double slit experiment the distance of the screen from the
plane of the coherent sources is D = 2 m and the fringe width is 4 mm.
Calculate the fringe width when the distance D is increased to 2.5 m.
13.Youngs double slit experiment, the fringe width is found to be 0.4 mm.
Calculate the new fringe width if the whole apparatus is immersed in
water of refractive index 4/3 without disturbing the geometrical
arrangement.
14.In Youngs double sit experiment, light waves of wave lengths 1 and 2
are used keeping the distance between the distance from the slits
undisturbed. If the corresponding bandwidths are 2mm and 2.5mm if 2 is
6650 Ao. what is the value of 1?
15.The diameter of the 10th dark ring in Newtons ring experiment viewed
normally by reflected light is 0.6 cm. Calculate the radius of curvature of
the convex surface of the lens if the wavelength of light used is 6 x 10-5 cm.
16.What is the approximate radius of the plano-convex lens used in a
Newtons ring experiment if the wavelength of light used is 5645 Ao and
the radii of the 10th and 20th rings are 3.36 mm and 5.82 mm respectively?
17.In a Newtons rings experiment the radii of the kth and (k+8)th rings are
respectively 5 mm and 5 mm. What is the value of k?
18.In a Newtons rings experiment, the diameter of the 10th dark ring is
1.2 cm. If the wavelength of light used is 6000 Ao. Calculate the radius of
curvature of the lens surface in contact with the glass plate.
20.In Newtons rings experiment, the radius of a plano convex lens is 3 m. If
the radius of the sixth dark ring is 3 mm calculate the wavelength of light
21.A parallel beam of monochromatic light is allowed to be incident normally
on a plane diffraction grating having 5000 lines / cm and a second order
maximum intensity is observed at a diffraction angle of 30o. Calculate the
th
wavelength of the light source used.

22.A ray of monochromatic light of wavelength 6000Ao fallsnormally on a
plane transmission grating having 4000 lines per centimeter. The angle of
diffraction for a particular order maximum is found to be sin-1 (0.4800).
Then calculate the order of the maximum.
23.Monochromatic light of wavelength 5000 Ao is incident normally on
diffraction grating having 5000 lines per cm. Calculate the angle of
diffraction for the second order maximum.
24.If the grating element is equal to four times the wavelength of the light
used, then calculate the possible maximum order of the diffracted image
obtained.
25.In Youngs experiment , the width of the fringes obtained with light of
wavelength 6000A0 is 2 mm . Calculate the fringe width if the entire
apparatus
is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.33.
26.A light of wavelength 6000 A0 falls normally on a thin air film ,6 dark
fringes are seen between two points. Calculate thickness of the air film.
27. The polarizing angle for water is 53.40 . Calculate its refractive index.
28.The width of the rulings in a grating is 4x10-7 m . Calculate the grating
element.
29.Find the radius of curvature of the lens used in Newtons rings ,with the
light of wavelength 5890A0, the diameter of the first dark ring is 6 mm
30.In Youngs experiment , the width of the fringes obtained with light of
wavelength 6000A0 is 2 mm . Calculate the fringe width if the entire
apparatus
is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.33.
31.A light of wavelength 6000 A0 falls normally on a thin air film ,6 dark
fringes are seen between two points. Calculate thickness of the air film.
32.The polarizing angle for water is 53.40 . Calculate its refractive index.
33.The width of the rulings in a grating is 4x10-7 m . Calculate the grating
element.
34.Find the radius of curvature of the lens used in Newtons rings ,with the
light of wavelength 5890A0, the diameter of the first dark ring is 6 mm
V.SHORT ANSWER (5 MARK QUESTIONS)

1.Mention the characteristics of electromagnetic waves.
2.Explain Hertz experiment for the confirmation of the existence of
electromagnetic waves.
133
3.Explain the construction of wave front on the basis of Huygins principle.

4.Explain the phenomenon of total internal reflection by wave theory.
5.State and explain Brewsters law.
6.Explain piles of plates with diagram.
7.Explain the phenomenon of double refraction. Bring out the differences
between ordinary and extraordinary ray.
8.Explain the construction of Nicol prism.
9.Mention the uses of Polaroids.
10.Describe an experiment to demonstrate the transverse nature of light.
11.Describe an experiment to determine wavelength using a plane
transmission grating.
12.Explain Newtons corpuscular theory of light.
13.Explain the method of producing polarized light by reflection.
14.Describe the experimental arrangement and theory to produce Newtons
rings.
VI.ESSAY TYPE QUESTIONS ( 10 MARK)
1.Explain emission and absorption spectra.
2.Explain the Raman scattering of light with the help of energetic level
diagram.
3.Derive an expression for bandwidth of interference fringes in Youngs
double slit experiment.
4.Discuss the theory of interference in thin transparent film due to reflected
light and obtain condition for the intensity to be maximum and minimum.
5.Discuss the theory of plane transmission grating.
6.Using Huygens principle ,verify the laws of reflection.
7.Using Huygens principle ,verify the laws of refraction.
8.Derive an expression for the radius of nth dark ringin Newtons rings
experiment. Using it, determine the (i) wavelength of light and
(ii) refractive index of the liquid.
134
KEY-5 LESSON
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
d
c
a
c
d
c
a
a
a
a
b
d
c
d
c
a
c
c
b
d
135
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
d
b
b
b
a
c
c
b
b
c
a
d
a
c
c
b
b
c
d
d
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
d
a
b
d
b
c
d
d
c
c
b
b
d
c
b
c
d
b
d
b
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
c
b
a
a
a
c
c
a
d
c
d
d
a
d
a
a
b
c
b
c
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
c
c
d
a
b
c
d
d
a
c
b
d
c
c
d
d
b
c
a
b
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
c
b
c
d
c
c
c
d
b
d
d
b
c
b
d
c
a
a
d
b
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
a
c
b
b
b
b
c
a
d
d
d
d
a
a
c
b
b
c
c
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
c
a
c
a
b
a
b
a
c
b
b
c
a
b
d
c
b
b
c
c
161 b
162 d
163 a
164 d
165 d
166 c
167 b
168 b
169 c
170 d
171 d
172 b
173 d
174 a
175 b
176 d
177 a
178 a
179176
d
180 c
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
b
a
c
c
a
a
b
b
c
a
c
d
c
b
b
b
b
c
b
c

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