Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
2
Parts of a PC (External)................................................................................................... 3
Parts of a PC (Internal).................................................................................................... 4
Basic PC Troubleshooting ............................................................................................... 5
Maintenance.................................................................................................................. 15
Links............................................................................................................................. 16
Technology Services Directory ..................................................................................... 17
A tower model stands upright and is larger than a desktop unit. This allows for more
room for upgrades (such as internal zip drives and additional DVD-ROMs). Tower
models are the most common and most popular form of PCs today.
Desktop PCs are smaller than tower models but do provide extra space for a user’s desk
space. While a tower must be placed on, near, or under the desk (close enough that
peripherals can be plugged in), the desktop model can be placed under the monitor.
When referring to a computer, we are actually referring only to the case which houses all
data and drives, and to which all peripherals are connected. This is also commonly
referred to as the CPU or the box. Common peripherals connected to the computer are:
Monitor The monitor is the viewable area. A PC wouldn't be much good without a
monitor, but the monitor's only function is viewing. It houses no data and though the
computer is connected to the monitor, the two pieces of equipment have different power
sources. The monitor may also be referred to as a screen or a display.
Keyboard and Mouse: The keyboard and mouse are connected to the computer through
a PS2 or USB port. These pieces are used to input information.
Speakers: Speakers are more and more commonly located inside the computer, but
sometimes there are external speakers and even subwoofers connected. These pieces
allow us to hear sound.
External Zip Drive: An external zip drive is commonly connected to the computer
through a parallel cable. This device allows users to store a large amount of data. Zip
drives are also available internally (meaning, they may be located inside of the
computer).
Print Device: A print device is either connected to the computer through a direct cable
connection or via the network. Print devices are available in many shapes, forms, and
styles.
2
Computer
Monitor
Speakers
Mouse
Keyboard
3
CD Rom Drive
Power Supply
Drive bays
Fan
Hard Drive
Processor
Floppy Drive
Memory
Cables
Motherboard
4
You're having a problem with your PC. No matter what the problem, the first step
is always to reboot your computer:
? If in Windows and the system is not frozen, click start, click shut down, click
restart.
? If in Windows and the system is frozen, on your keyboard, hold down ctrl, alt,
and delete all at the same time. In Windows operating systems prior to Windows
XP, press ctrl, alt, and delete a second time. In Windows XP, if possible, click
Shut down.
? If these methods are unsuccessful or not viable, you may reboot manually. On
some systems, there is a reboot button located on the front of the PC. This is a
very small button, usually located beneath the power button. If there is no reboot
button or if the reboot button does not respond, press the main power button and
keep it held in for about five seconds. The PC should shut off automatically.
Once it does, boot the machine.
? The last resort is to unplug the power on the back of the PC. Wait a moment, then
plug it back in and try to reboot.
Once a computer has been restarted, if it does not work normally you should follow the
basic troubleshooting procedures listed below
DISPLAY
If the monitor screen is too dark or if the entirety of the screen is tinted, first try changing the display.
If this does not work, try changing the settings on your monitor. The brightness menu buttons are located
below the screen on most monitors. Try making the screen lighter or darker.
If this still does not work, the problem may be with either your monitor or the video card located inside the
PC. If another monitor is available, try hooking it up to your PC. If there are still problems, the video card
is to blame and must be replaced. If the problems are resolved, the monitor will need to be replaced.
5
If only a portion of your screen is tinted or warped in any way, the problem needs no troubleshooting as
your monitor's tube is going out. The monitor will need to be replaced.
Screen is Fuzzy
1. Remove any electronic devices such as fans or electric pencil sharpeners from the proximity of the
monitor.
2. Ensure the monitor is plugged tightly to the computer.
1. Ensure all power sources are plugged in and turned on. Check the power cord going from the
back of the monitor to the power strip and the power cord going from the power strip to the wall.
Make sure the power strip is turned on.
2. Try plugging the monitor directly into the wall. If the monitor then works, the power strip has
gone bad and will need to be replaced. If not, the monitor must be replaced.
This error means that the monitor is not plugged in to the PC. Double check the cable and make sure the
cable going from the monitor to the PC is plugged in and is in the appropriate place.
If you can neither send nor receive email and you are using Microsoft Outlook, the first step is to check
your network connection.
1. Open Internet Explorer and wait for the home page to load.
2. If the home page loads without incident, type the URL of the Columbia College web mail client:
http://www.ccis.edu/webmail/new. If the home page does not load, go to step five (5).
3. Try to send and receive email from the web mail client.
4. If you are able to send and receive email from web mail, the problem is occurring within the
Microsoft Outlook program on your PC. Go to step six (6). If you are unable to send and receive
email from web mail, call Technology Services.
5. Your network connection has been severed, either internally or externally. Check the back of your
PC to make sure the network cable is plugged in properly, then reboot. If both internet and email
services are out, call Technology Services.
6. Microsoft Outlook is in error. This can be caused by a virus on the PC or a corruption within the
program itself.
7. If the virus check runs and does not find a virus, the best method for curing the problem is to
reinstall Microsoft Outlook. This can be done by calling Technology Services.
Create New Profile Window or No Profiles Have Been Created Error Appears
If you see either of these on your computer, this means that either no profiles have been created or the one
that was created has been deleted. Basically, it means that Outlook no longer has the information necessary
to connect with the server (the piece of hardware that houses your email account).
6
Setting up an Outlook account is easy and very fast. Follow these steps and you will be able to view all of
your folders, email, and calendars. NOTE: If you do not have time to create your new profile right away,
you may use the Columbia College web mail client to send and receive email and view all other materials.
Go to: http://www.ccis.edu/webmail/new and type your user name and case sensitive password.
Your profile has now been set up and you should be able to use Outlook with no problem. If you have any
reservations about setting up your new profile, or if you receive errors when setting the profile or when
starting Outlook afterwards, call Technology Services.
DISK/DISK DRIVE
More and more often, floppy disks and floppy drives are being phased out of the computing world. The
reasons are 1) floppy disks do not have the necessary room to store large documents, and 2) floppy disks
are unreliable.
There are many errors associated with floppy disks. An error message may accuse the floppy disk of
having no content, of needing to be formatted, or of having a corrupt or partial file. In most of these cases,
there is little that can be done to save or restore the data on the disk. One option:
If a virus is found and able to be eradicated, the data may be able to be restored, at least partially. Another
option is to use a restore program to try to repair errors on the floppy drive. Please call Technology
Services if dire information is lost as we may be able to help restore the data (though no promises can be
made).
In order to avoid these problems, always save work on a hard drive or a zip disk as well as your floppy
disk. Do not assume that backing up data on two different floppies will be enough. Both floppies could
7
easily become infected with the same virus, causing all information to be lost. Also, before using any
floppy disk, format that disk (even if the box says the disks are preformatted). To format a floppy disk:
Other preventative measures: make sure to scan the floppy disk for viruses before each use and never
remove the floppy disk while the green light next to the drive is on.
1. Place a different CD or DVD in the drive. Try to read this disk. If the disk is readable, the
problem lies within the previously attempted CD or DVD Rom. If the disk is not readable,
continue to the next step.
2. Try opening and closing the drive. Look to see if a light comes on when the drive opens. If a
light does not appear (or if the drive will not open), call Technology Services for further
assistance. If a light does appear, continue on to the next step.
3. The CD/DVD Rom may need to be cleaned. Open the drive and, using a can of compressed air,
clear out any dust particles and try again.
Often located near the lower/middle section of the DVD or CD Rom drive is a small hole. This is not the
hole with an earphones symbol next to it. Find a paper clip and straighten it, then place it inside the small
hole until you feel resistance. You may need to move or wiggle the paper clip before any resistance is felt.
Press firmly, but not hard enough to break the paper clip. This should cause the CD or DVD drive to eject
manually.
A floppy disk may become stuck in the floppy drive if the metal casing of the disk is bent or if a
previous floppy disk was damaged and left behind some residue. To prevent this from happening, make
sure your floppy disks are not damaged before attempting to use them. To remove the floppy disk, the best
way is to use a flat head screw driver or a letter opener to keep the flap open and the floppy disk in view.
Then, using a pair of pliers, firmly grasp the disk and pull. If the metal casing on the floppy disk is bent, it
may become caught and break free inside the floppy drive. Please do not attempt to remove the metal
casing on your own.
A disk may become stuck in a drive for which it was not intended. Often, people become confused and
place a floppy disk in a zip drive or a small CD in a floppy drive. Using the methods above, you can
generally remove most of these items without causing any error to the PC. If you are at all uncomfortable
doing this, call Technology Services.
INTERNET
When you try to visit a page on the web and cannot, you may receive any number of messages:
8
Cannot Contact Host probably means that you are not connected. After you reboot your PC, try again.
Make sure to try at least two different web sites to ensure it is not the site that is down, rather than your
PC. If you continue to get the same message, check your email. If email works but the web does not,
contact Technology Services.
If both email and the web is not working, check the network cable in back of your PC. Unplug the cable,
then plug it back, then try checking your email/internet connection again. Make note of the light next to the
network cable (it will be either amber, green, or not lit) and call Technology Services.
Cannot Find Server probably means that either the web page URL was typed incorrectly or the site itself
is having difficulty. First, double-check the URL (did you enter .net when it should have been .edu?).
Next, check to see if you can enter another web site. If you can, wait a few minutes before trying the
previous web site.
If you find you cannot get into any web site and are getting the same error message, follow the steps listed
under "Cannot Contact Host."
KEYBOARD
1. Check the back of the PC to make sure the keyboard is correctly connected. Remove the cable
and reconnect it, then reboot your PC.
2. If the problem persists, you will need a new keyboard.
1. Run your hand firmly over the keys to ensure none of the keys are stuck.
2. Follow the steps listed above.
1. Check to see if anything is resting on the keys and remove that object.
2. Follow the steps listed at the top of this page.
The keyboard is probably dirty. Lift the keyboard up, turn it over, and firmly tap to remove any excess
material that may resting beneath the keys. Then, using a can of compressed air, clean out the keyboard as
best you can. If the problem persists, the keyboard may need to be replaced.
This is a common problem that can be easily avoided. Please do not consume any food or beverages over
the keyboard and keep these things out of "spilling distance." Loose make-up should not be applied over
the keyboard. Pencils should be sharpened elsewhere as well.
9
MOUSE
Check the cable going from the mouse to the back of the PC to make sure it is connected appropriately.
Remove then reconnect the mouse and reboot the computer. If the mouse is still not recognized, try
another mouse in its place.
If the mouse is physically difficult to move, either the mouse pad has worn and needs to be replaced or the
mouse itself needs to be cleaned.
1. Turn the mouse over so that you can see the bottom
2. Remove the plastic holder covering the ball by twisting it clockwise until it comes off.
3. Remove the ball.
4. Cleanse the inner rollers with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol. You may also scrape off any
accumulated lint if no alcohol or swabs are available.
A slight move of the mouse causes it the cursor to fly across the screen. When you try to move the mouse
cursor to the left, it goes to the right. Any type of strange or sporadic movement can be attributed to bad
settings or a virus.
First, check your settings by going to the control panel. Assuming you cannot operate your mouse, use the
following keyboard shortcuts:
1. Press the Window key on your keyboard. This will open your start menu.
2. Press the up arrow key until Settings is highlighted.
3. Press the right arrow key and press enter.
4. Press the appropriate arrow keys until Mouse is highlighted. Press enter.
5. Press Tab until a dashed box appears around Buttons.
6. Press the right arrow key until the Pointer Options tab is in front.
7. Under Motion, ensure the pointer speed is set to about halfway between fast and slow.
8. To change the pointer speed using your keyboard, Tab until a dashed box appears around the
speed meter and use the arrow keys to adjust the pointer speed. Press enter.
If these steps do not resolve the issue, follow the steps for checking the PC for a virus.
NETWORK
10
Ensure you are typing the correct password and remember that the passwords are case sensitive. Check to
make sure caps lock is not turned on. Retype the password and if it is still not accepted, contact
Technology Services.
Check the back of your PC to make sure the network cable is properly connected. Check your email and/or
internet to make sure you have access. If the cable is connected properly and there is no problem with
email and internet access, try to map new network drives.
SOUND
No Sound
1. Check the speakers and make sure they are turned on and the volume is up.
2. Check to make sure they are plugged in and in the appropriate spots (the ports in which the
speakers should be plugged are color coded to match the end of the speakers on most machines).
3. If the problem is still not solved, continue with the steps listed below.
1. Go to the control panel and click sounds or sounds and audio devices.
2. Make sure the device volume is turned up and the mute checkbox is not checked.
1. Does this happen only with a particular sound or CD? If so, the file is to blame.
2. If the speakers crack often, make sure the volume is not turned too high. Turn the volume down
and play the sound again.
3. If the cracking continues, new speakers will need to replace the old ones.
11
START-UP
1. Ensure all power sources are plugged in and turned on. Check the power cord going from the
back of the PC to the power strip, the power cord going from the monitor to the power strip, and
the power cord going from the power strip to the wall. Make sure the power strip is turned on.
2. Make sure the problem lies within your computer and not your monitor. Check the front of the PC
(this is not the same as the front of the monitor). Look for a light near the power button. If there
is a light, either amber or green in color, the problem could be within the monitor. If another
monitor is available, try hooking it up to the PC and try booting again.
3. Try plugging the PC directly into the wall. If the PC then works, the power strip has gone bad and
will need to be replaced.
4. If there is no light on the front of the computer, or a light appears briefly then disappears, call tech
support.
This means there is a floppy disk stuck in the floppy drive. Remove the floppy disk and try again.
PC Sporadically Crashes
On pre-Windows XP systems (95, 98, ME) hit ctrl + alt + del one time. This will show the Task
Manager. Click on any task which says "not responding" and click end task. If the PC is still frozen, go
back into Task Manager and end any program that is not currently in use (Real Player, for example).
On Windows XP systems, hit ctrl + alt + del one time. Click Task Manager. If necessary, click
Applications and click on any task which says "not responding." Click end task. If the PC is still frozen,
go back into Task Manager and end any program that is not currently in use (Real Player, for example).
If the PC is still frozen, it will be necessary to reboot the computer using the steps detailed on the previous
page.
PC Sporadically Crashes
If a PC is sporadically crashing, it is most likely having problems with memory. Memory problems can be
caused either by having many applications running at once or by having a virus or hi-jacking program on
the computer.
12
1. Double Click the Norton Antivirus icon in the lower right corner of the screen (it looks like a
yellow shield)
2. In the left side column, click scan computer
3. In the right side column, click the check box next to any drives you wish to scan
4. Click scan
If a virus is found and can be eradicated, memory problems should be solved. Reboot your PC and work as
usual. If the problem is not solved, it is possible that the machine is infected with a hijacker. A hijacker is
a program that attaches itself to a computer, sometimes disguised as a legitimate program which one might
download (such as BonziBuddy) and sometimes downloads itself automatically when the computer user
hits a certain web site. Two programs, AdAware and SpyBot should be installed on the computer and be
run occasionally. Call Technology Services to have these programs installed.
If these steps have not solved the problem of a crashing computer, it may be time for a memory upgrade. A
typical PC should have absolutely no less than 64 MB Ram, preferably 128 or higher.
A PC that is running very slowly is a common error and one that may be difficult to pinpoint. First you
must determine:
What is slow?
Some people may feel their PCs are running slowly because they are used to using a PC with a faster
processor and/or more memory. Users should remember that not all PCs are created equally. There is also
a vast difference between using a 56k Connection (which many users have at home) vs. the LAN
connection we have on campus.
Now that you have answered some of these questions, you should be more accurately able to troubleshoot.
? If changes have been made to the PC, unchange them - meaning, remove any hardware or uninstall
any software to see if this is what is causing the problem with speed. Before installing any
programs/hardware it is necessary to know the required system specifications. For instance, a PC
with a Pentium II processor and 32 MB Ram could probably not hold many new programs without
causing significant delays in service.
? If the computer is only slow when many programs are running, you probably need a memory
upgrade.
? If the computer is slow only when a specific program is running, you should check the
specifications of that program or even contact the manufacturer to see if it is a known issue.
Sometimes, manufacturers issue patches which correct poor behavior in their programs. If the
program is one downloaded from the internet, it could be a hijacker which symptomatically slows
down a PC.
If none of the above problems pertain to you and your PC is running slowly for no apparent reason, you
may have a system error or a virus. First, run a virus scan.
13
1. Double Click the Norton Antivirus icon in the lower right corner of the screen (it looks like a
yellow shield)
2. In the left side column, click scan computer
3. In the right side column, click the check box next to any drives you wish to scan
4. Click scan
If a virus is found and can be eradicated, memory problems should be solved. Reboot your PC and work as
usual. If the problem is not solved, it is possible that the machine is infected with a hijacker. A hijacker is
a program that attaches itself to a computer, sometimes disguised as a legitimate program which one might
download (such as BonziBuddy) and sometimes downloads itself automatically when the computer user
hits a certain web site. Two programs, AdAware and SpyBot should be installed on the computer and be
run occasionally. Call Technology Services to have these programs installed.
Once all of these troubleshooting steps have been completed, if the computer is still running slowly it will
be necessary to call Technology Services as the problem may be within the Operating System or in the
hardware of the PC itself.
If you suspect your PC may have a virus, it is necessary to run a virus scan. It is a good idea to run this
scan once each week to maintain a healthy computer.
1. Double Click the Norton Antivirus icon in the lower right corner of the screen (it looks like a
yellow shield)
2. In the left side column, click scan computer
3. In the right side column, click the check box next to any drives you wish to scan
4. Click scan
While the virus scan is running, it is possible to perform any other needed tasks on the PC. The virus scan
may take a while.
This may seem like a joke, but it can actually happen. If the PC itself or one of its components begins to
smell of burning, or if smoke, sparks, or flames appear, the first step is to unplug the power from the
device. The best way to do this is to unplug the power strip from the wall. The presence of flames are
unlikely, but if they do appear, the fire should be handled in the same way as any other emergency fire
situation.
14
Routine Maintenance tasks should be performed by all PC users to ensure a healthy PC.
15
Troubleshooting
PC News
CNET .................................................................http://www.cnet.com/frontdoor/0-1.html
CNN Technology News ........................................................ http://www.cnn.com/TECH/
TechWeb................................................................................... http://www.techweb.com/
ZDNet News ........................................................... http://zdnet.com.com/2001-11-0.html
16
Andrew Blackman Computer Support Specialist 875-7327
17