Reference : CPHEEO manual on water supply

Pipe Dia, D
Pressure, P

900 mm
11 Kgs/cm2

Bend,
Concrete Density,
Soil Density, s
Weight of fluid
Angle of internal friction,
Pipe cover
Coefficient of Friction

45 deg
2300 Kg/m3
1800 Kg/m3
1000 Kg/m3
30 deg
1m
0.3

Horizontal thrust
F = 2 P A Sin
A=
P=

/2

Sin /2 =
F=

6361.725 cm2
11 Kgs/cm2
0.382683
53.5596 Ton

1) Lateral resistance to counteract the horizontal thrust

Try a thrust block of size
L
3.2 m
W
3.2 m
H
3.2 m
Weigh of thrust block =
75.3664 Ton
Weight of water in the pipe =
2.03472 Ton
Weight of earth =
5.184 Ton
Total weight =
82.58512 Ton
Total force available considering frictional resistance of soil
24.77554 Ton
2) Lateral resistance of soil against the block

Sin =
By assuming cohession C as 0
fp
Total lateral resistance =
Total horizontal thrust =
Factor of safety =

0.5
88.4736 Ton
113.249 Ton/m2
53.55959 Ton/m2
2.11445
OK

Reinforcement

The minimum surface reinforcement in all thrust blocks shall be 5 Kg/sqm (as per IRG 21-1972 Arti
The spacing of these bars is not to exceed 500mm. Hence provide 10 tor bars at 200 c/c which is m

Coefficient of friction

per IRG 21-1972 Article 306.4)

s at 200 c/c which is more than 5 Kg/sqm