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Otra presentacin:
Considerando adems que las UIA evaluadas para cada parmetro, son conmensurables, podemos sumarlas y
evaluar el impacto global de las distintas alternativas de un proyecto para obtener la ptima por comparacin.
Al mismo tiempo, sirve esta evaluacin global para tomar las medidas conducentes a minimizar el impacto
ambiental del proyecto y apreciar la degradacin del medio como resultado del proyecto, tanto globalmente
como en sus distintos sectores (categoras, componentes o parmetros).
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E.- MANERA DE OBTENER LOS DATOS.- Ejemplo : Determinar el ndice de calidad ambiental segn la cantidad de oxigeno libre en el agua.
Se mide el oxigeno disuelto en el agua de una laguna y se obtiene un valor de 4 mg/l. Mediante la curva de
calidad ambiental vs. Oxigeno disuelto (Figura N 2) se obtiene el indice de calidad (0.35). este valor se
multiplica por el peso de unidades ambientales (31) que se muestra en la Figura N 1 y se obtiene el ndice de
impacto ambiental para oxigeno disuelto (0.35 x 31 = 10.85).
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F.- VENTAJAS
Primer esfuerzo serio de valoracin de impactos que ha servido de base a mtodos posteriores.
Los parmetros o factores ambientales se transforman a unidades conmensurables (comparables)
representativas de la calidad del medio ambiente, lo que permite la adicin de las magnitudes de impacto para
cada accin y para cada factor ambiental.
Para cada parmetro pueden reflejarse los valores en unidades de impacto ambiental (UIA) correspondientes
con proyecto, sin proyecto y el referente al proyecto por diferencia de los dos.
Permite el clculo del impacto ambiental global del proyecto y la comparacin de alternativas al proyecto.
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G.- DESVENTAJAS
Fue diseado para determinar el impacto ambiental de proyectos hidrulicos. Para otro tipo de proyectos se deben
proponer nuevos ndices ponderales (UIP) y seleccionar las funciones de transformacin que sean aplicables.
Tiene el inconveniente de que las unidades ponderales de los parmetros (UIP) se asignan de manera subjetiva.
El rbol de factores ambientales y el de acciones-actividades se deben adaptar al tipo de proyecto y al medio
receptor.
En la vida real los factores ambientales son ilimitados y no es posible contar con todas las funciones de calidad
ambiental para todos los proyectos posibles.
Las funciones de transformacin que proponen los Laboratorios Batelle-Columbus son especficas para planificacin y
gestin de recursos hdricos
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5.- TEMPERATURA:
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7.- TURBIDEZ:
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8.- CULTURA:
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I.- PRESENTACION DEL MTODO BATTELLE-COLUMBUS.- De un EIA hecho en la repblica del Ecuador.
EVALUACIN DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL OCASIONADO POR LAS ACTIVIDADES ECOTURISTICAS EN EL
SENDERO EL AGUA Y LA VIDA. Y DISEO DE UN PLAN ECOTURSTICO . ECUADOR
1.- OBJETIVO GENERAL DEL PROYECTO.
Realizar la Evaluacin del Impacto Ambiental en el sendero El Agua y la Vida de la Reserva Ecolgica Cayambe
Coca para identificar los daos que las actividades ecotursticas causan al ambiente.
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2.- PRESENTACIN:
En este parmetro el ndice de calidad
ambiental, ha sido afectado en un
porcentaje mnimo, ninguna de las
actividades ecotursticas han alterado
significativamente a la vegetacin natural
del sector.
La construccin del sendero implic una
prdida de cobertura vegetal que alcanza
un 2% de la totalidad de vegetacin
natural existente, y la CA se ubica en 0,98.
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En el rea de estudio
no existen especies
que causen dao al
ambiente.
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Las actividades
ecotursticas, no
afectan
significativamente a
la presencia de aves
terrestres que tienen
su hbitat en el
sector; por esta
razn el ndice de
Calidad Ambiental es
de 0,99.
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COLIFORMES FECALES
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La pesca deportiva es la
actividad preferida de los
turistas que visitan el
rea, esto implica un
impacto a nivel ecolgico
en la laguna; con lo que
se tiene un ndice de CA
de 0,7 que an es
admisible.
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Este parmetro no ha
sido afectado por las
actividades
ecotursticas, ya que no
se ha observado ningn
cambio en la red
alimenticia de las
especies acuticas, por
esta razn el ndice de
Calidad Ambiental es
1.
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La concentracin de
Nitrgeno de Amoniaco
presente en la laguna es de
0,6.
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En Parcacocha los
sonidos que se pueden
percibir son producidos
por la avifauna presente y
el viento.
El ndice de Calidad
Ambiental es de 0,98.
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