Korean J. Comput. & Appl. Math. Vol. 7(2000), No. 3, pp.

611 - 627

ON THE OSTROWSKIS INEQUALITY FOR

RIEMANN-STIELTJES INTEGRAL AND APPLICATIONS
S. S. DRAGOMIR

Abstract. An Ostrowski type integral inequality for the Riemann-Stieltjes

Rb
integral a f (t) du (t) , where f is assumed to be of bounded variation on
[a, b] and u is of r HHolder type on the same interval, is given. Applications to the approximation problem of the Riemann-Stieltjes integral
in terms of Riemann-Stieltjes sums are also pointed out.
AMS Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 26D15, 26D20; Secondary 41A55.
Key word and phrases : Ostrowski Inequality, Riemann-Stieltjes Integral

1. Introduction
In 1938, A. Ostrowski proved the following integral inequality [6, p. 468]:
Theorem 1. Let f : [a, b] R be continuous on [a, b] , differentiable on
(a, b), with its first derivative f 0 : (a, b) R bounded on (a, b) , that is,
kf 0 k := supt(a,b) |f 0 (t)| < . Then


Z b


1


f (x)
f (t) dt


ba a

!2
x a+b
1
2

kf 0 k (b a) ,
+

(1)

ba

for all x [a, b] .

The constant 41 is sharp in the sense that it cannot be replaced by a smaller
one.
Received January 4, 2000.
c 2000 Korean Society for Computational & Applied Mathematics and Korean SIGCAM.

611

612

S. S. Dragomir

For a different proof than the original one provided by Ostrowski in 1938
as well as applications for special means (identric mean, logarithmic mean,
plogarithmic mean, etc.) and in Numerical Analysis for quadrature formulae of Riemann type, see the recent paper [3].
In [4], the following version of Ostrowskis inequality for the 1-norm of the
first derivatives has been given.
Theorem 2. Let f : [a, b] R be continuous on [a, b] , differentiable on
(a, b), with its first derivative f 0 : (a, b) R integrable on (a, b) , that is,
R
kf 0 k1 := ab |f 0 (t)| dt < . Then






a+b 
Z b



x


1
1
2


f (x)
f (t) dt +
kf 0 k1 ,


ba a
2
ba

(2)

for all x [a, b] .

The constant 21 is sharp.

Note that the sharpness of the constant 12 in the class of differentiable

mappings whose derivatives are integrable on (a, b) has been proved in the
paper [7].
In [4], the authors applied (2) for special means and for quadrature formulae of Riemann type.
The following natural extension of Theorem 2 has been pointed out by S.S.
Dragomir in [1].
Theorem 3. Let f : [a, b] R be a mapping of bounded variation on [a, b]
and

b
W
a

(f) its total variation on [a, b] . Then







a+b 
Z b



x

 b
1
1
2 _



+
(f) ,
f (t) dt
f (x)


ba a
2
ba
a

(3)

for all x [a, b] .

The constant 21 is sharp.

In [1], the author applied (3) for quadrature formulae of Riemann type as
well as for Eulers Beta mapping.
In the recent paper [2], the following generalization of Ostrowskis inequality has been obtained:

On the Ostrowskis inequality

613

Theorem 4. Let f : [a, b] R be a p HH

older type mapping, that is, it
satisfies the condition
|f (x) f (y)| H |x y|p , for all x, y [a, b] ;
where H > 0 and p (0, 1] are given, and u : [a, b] R is a mapping of
bounded variation on [a, b] . Then we have the inequality


Z b




f (x) (u (b) u (a))
f (t) du (t)


a

#p
"
b

1
a + b  _

H
(b a) + x

(u) ,
2
2 

(4)

for all x [a, b] , where

Furthermore, the constant

Wb

a (u) denotes the total variation of u

1
is the best possible, for all p (0, 1] .
2

on [a, b] .

Some applications of this inequality to the approximation problem of

Riemann-Stieltjes integrals in terms of Riemann-Stieltjes sums have been
pointed out as well.
In this paper we obtain some new generalizations of (3) for the RiemannR
Stieltjes integral ab f (t) du (t) where f is of bounded variation and u is
of Holder type. Applications to the same problem of approximating the
Riemann-Stieltjes integral on [a, b], are also given.
2. Some Integral Inequalities
The following result holds:

Theorem 5. Let f : [a, b] R be a mapping of bounded variation on [a, b]

and u : [a, b] R be of r HH
older type. Then for all x [a, b] , we have
the inequality
| (f, u; x, a, b)|
"

H (x a)

x
_
a

(f) + (b x)

b
_
x

(f)

(5)

614

S. S. Dragomir


#
"

W

x
b
b

W
W
r
r



1
1

H
[(x

a)
+
(b

x)
]

(f)

(f)
 ;
(f)
+

2 a
2 a


"
!p # 1

p
p

x
b

W
W
qr
qr 1q

H [(x a) + (b x) ]

(f)

1
1

+
=
1;
if
p
>
1,

p
q


ir W
h

H 12 (b a) + x a+b

(f) ,
2

(f)

where

(f, u; x, a, b) = (u (b) u (a)) f (x)

f (t) du (t)

is the Ostrowskis functional associated to f and u as above.

Proof. As u is continuous and f is of bounded variation on [a, b] , the following
Riemann-Stieltjes integrals exist and, by the integration by parts formula,
we can state that
Z

(u (t) u (a)) df (t) = (u (x) u (a)) f (x)

f (t) du (t)

(6)

f (t) du (t) .

(7)

and
(u (t) u (b)) df (t) = (u (b) u (x)) f (x)

If we add the above two identities, we obtain

(f, u; x, a, b)
Z

(8)

(u (t) u (a)) df (t) +

(u (t) u (b)) df (t)

for all x [a, b] , which is of importance in itself as well.

Now, using the properties of modulus, we have:
| (f, u; x, a, b)|

(9)


 Z b

x
 

(u (t) u (a)) df (t) +  (u (t) u (b)) df (t)


a
x

sup |u (t) u (a)|

t[a,x]

x
_
a

(f) + sup |u (t) u (b)|

t[x,b]

b
_
x

(f) ,

On the Ostrowskis inequality

615

and for the last inequality we have used the well-known property of the
Riemann-Stieltjes integral, i.e.,
Z

d
 d

_



p (t) dv (t) sup |p (t)| (v) ,
 c

t[c,d]

(10)

provided that p is continuous on [c, d] and v is of bounded variation on [c, d] .

Now, as u is of r HHolder type on [a, b] , we can state that
|u (t) u (a)| H (t a)r , |u (t) u (b)| H (b t)r
and then
sup |u (t) u (a)| H (x a)r
t[a,x]

and
sup |u (t) u (b)| H (b x)r .
t[x,b]

Now, using (9) , we can state that

"

| (f, u; x, a, b)| H (x a)

x
_

(f) + (b x)

b
_

(f) ,

for all x [a, b] , and the first inequality in (5) is proved.

Further on, define the mapping M : [a, b] R, given by
M (x) = (x a)r

x
_

(f) + (b x)r

It is obvious that
M (x) max

(x
_
a

"x
1 _

(f) ,

b
_
x

b
_

(f) .

(f) [(x a)r + (b x)r ]

b
_

x
#
b
_

_

=
(f) + (f) +  (f) (f) [(x a)r + (b x)r ]


2 a
x
a
x


" b
#
x
b

_
1_
1 _

=
(f) +  (f) (f) [(x a)r + (b x)r ] ,

2
2
a

and the first part of the second inequality is thus proved.

Using the elementary inequality of Holder type,
1

0 + (p + p ) p ( q + q ) q , , , , 0, p > 1,

1 1
+ = 1,
p q

616

S. S. Dragomir

we obtain
M (x) [(x a)qr

"
#p " b
#p 1p
x
_
_
+ (b x)qr ]
(f) +
(f) ,
1
q

and the second part of the second inequality is proved.

Finally, we observe that
r

M (x) max {(x a) , (b x) }

"x
_

(f) +

= [max {(x a) , (b x)}]r

b
_

b
_

(f)

(f)

"

#r


1
a + b 

(b a) + x


2
2 

b
_

(f) ,

and the last part of the second inequality is proved.

The following corollaries are natural consequences of (5) .

Corollary 1. Let f be as in Theorem 5 and u : [a, b] R be an LLipschitzian
mapping on [a, b] , that is,
|u (t) u (s)| L |t s| for all t, s [a, b] ,

(L)

where L > 0 is fixed.

Then, for all x [a, b] , we have the inequality
| (f, u; x, a, b)|
"

L (x a)

x
_

(f) + (b x)

h W

L 21 ba (f) +

(11)

1
2

(f)

1
2

W
i
W
 x

 a (f) bx (f) (b a) ;

L [(x a) + (b x) ]
if p > 1, 1p + q1 = 1;
L

b
_

(b a) + x

1
q

h W
x

i W

a+b 

2

b
a

(f)) +

(f) .

W
b

(f)

p i 1

On the Ostrowskis inequality

617

Remark 1. If f : [a, b] R is monotonic on [a, b] and u is of r HHolder

type, then f is of bounded variation on [a, b] , and by (5) we obtain
| (f, u; x, a, b)|

(12)

H [(x a)r |f (x) f (a)| + (b x)r |f (b) f (x)|]


h

H
|f
(b)

f
(a)|
+
f (x)

f (a)+f (b) 

2

[(b x)r + (x a)r ] ;

H [|f (x) f (a)| + |f (b) f (x)|p ] p [(b x)qr + (x a)qr ] q

if p > 1, 1 + 1 = 1;

p
q

H |f (b) f (a)| 1 (b a) + x
2

i r

a+b 

2

for all x [a, b] .

In particular, if u is LLipschitzian on [a, b] , then from (12) we get
| (f, u; x, a, b)|
L [(x a) |f (x) f (a)| + (b x) |f (b) f (x)|]

h

1

L
|f
(b)

f
(a)|
+
f (x)

f (a)+f (b) 

2

(13)

(b a) ;

L [|f (x) f (a)| + |f (b) f (x)|p ] p [(x a)q + (b x)q ] q ,

p > 1, 1 + 1 = 1;

p
q

L |f (b) f (a)| 1 (b a) + x
2

for all x [a, b] .

a+b 

2

Remark 2. If f : [a, b] R is Lipschitzian with a constant K > 0, then,

W
obviously f is of bounded variation on [a, b] and ba (f) K (b a) . Consequently, from the first inequality in (5) , we deduce
h

| (f, u, a, b)| HK (x a)r+1 + (b x)r+1

(14)

618

S. S. Dragomir

for all x [a, b] . If we assume that u is LLipschitzian, then from (14) we

get

1
a+b
| (f, u, a, b)| LK (b a)2 + 2 x
2
2

!2

for all x [a, b] .

(15)

The following corollary concerning a generalization of the mid-point inequality holds.

Corollary 2. Let f and u be as in Theorem 5. Then we have the inequality
| (f, u, a, b)| 21r H

b
_

(f) (b a)r .

(16)

where
(f, u, a, b) = f

a+b
(u (b) u (a))
2

f (t) du (t)

is the mid point functional associated to f and u as above. In particular, if

u is LLipschitzian, then
| (f, u, a, b)| L

b
_

(f) (b a) .

(17)

Remark 3. Now, if in (16) and (17) we assume that f is monotonic, then

we get the inequalities
| (f, u, a, b)| 21r H |f (b) f (a)| (b a)

(18)

and
| (f, u, a, b)| L |f (b) f (a)| (b a) .

(19)

Also, if we assume that in (16) and (17) f is KLipschitzian, then we get

the inequalities
| (f, u, a, b)| 21r HK (b a)r+1

(20)

| (f, u, a, b)| LK (b a)2 .

(21)

and

Another interesting corollary is the following one.

On the Ostrowskis inequality

619

Corollary 3. Let f and u be as in Theorem 5. If x0 [a, b] is a point

satisfying the property that
x0
_
a

(f) =

b
_

(f)

(E)

x0

then we get the inequality



Z b




f (x0 ) (u (b) u (a))
f (t) du (t)


a

(22)

b
1 _
H (f) [(x0 a)r + (b x0 )r ] .
2 a

In particular, if u is LLipschitzian on [a, b] , then we have



Z b
b


_
1


f (x0 ) (u (b) u (a))
f (t) du (t) L (b a) (f) .


2
a
a

(23)

Remark 4. If in (22) and (23) , we assume that f is monotonic and x0 is a

(b)
point such that f (x0 ) = f (a)+f
, then we have the inequality:
2


Z b




f (x0 ) (u (b) u (a))
f (t) du (t)


a

(24)

1
H |f (b) f (a)| [(x0 a)r + (b x0 )r ]
2
and



Z b




f (x0 ) (u (b) u (a))
f (t) du (t)


a

(25)

1
L (b a) |f (b) f (a)| .
2

The following inequalities of rectangle type also hold.

Corollary 4. Assume that f and u are as in Theorem 5. Then we have the
generalized left rectangle inequality:


Z b
b


_


r
f (a) (u (b) u (a))
f (t) du (t) H (b a)
(f) .


a
a

(26)

620

S. S. Dragomir

We also have the right rectangle inequality



Z b
b


_


r
f (b) (u (b) u (a))
f (t) du (t) H (b a)
(f) .


a

(27)

Remark 5. If we add (26) and (27), and use the triangle inequality, we end
up with the following generalized trapezoid inequality


Z b
 f (a) + f (b)



(u (b) u (a))
f (t) du (t)


2
a

H (b a)r

b
_

(28)

(f) .

Now, we point out some results for the Riemann integral of a product.
Corollary 5. Let f : [a, b] R be a mapping of bounded variation on [a, b]
and g be continuous on [a, b] . Put kgk := supt[a,b] |g (t)| . Then we have the
inequality


Z b
Z b




f (x)
g (s) ds
f (t) g (t) dt


a
a
"
#
x
b
_
_

kgk (x a)

(f) + (b x)

(29)

(f)


#
"

W

x
b

Wb
W



1
1

(f)
+

(f)

(f)
 ;
kgk
(b

a)

2 a
2 a


"

p

x
b

W
W
q
q 1

kgk [(x a) + (b x) ] q

if p > 1, 1p + 1q = 1;

kgk 12 (b a) + x

for all x [a, b] .

i W
b

a+b 

2

(f)

!p # 1

(f)

(f) ,

Proof. Define the mapping u : [a, b] R, u (t) := at g (s) ds. Then u is

differentiable on (a, b) and u0 (t) = g (t) . Therefore, u is LLipschitzian
R

On the Ostrowskis inequality

621

with the constant L = kgk . Since, by the properties of Riemann-Stieltjes

integrals, we have
Z

f (t) du (t) =

f (t) g (t) dt,

then, by Corollary 1, we deduce the desired inequality.

Similar results for f monotonic or f Lipschitzian with a constant K > 0

apply, but we omit the details.
Finally, we have
Corollary 6. Let f and g be as in Corollary 5. Put
Z

kgkp :=

|g (s)| ds

!1
p

, p > 1.

Then we have the inequality



Z b
Z b




f (x)
g (s) ds
f (t) g (t) dt


a
a
"
x
b
p1 _
p1 _

kgkp (x a)

(f) + (b x)

(30)
(f)

" b

x

b
p1
p1

1 W
1 W
p
p

+
(b

x)
(f)
+
kgk
(x

a)

(f)

(f)
 ;

2 a
2 a


! 1


1 x


(p1)
(p1)
b

W
W
p

+ (b x) p
(f) +
(f) ,
kgkp (x a)
a
x

where > 1, 1 + 1 = 1;


i p1 W
h


 p b

kgkp 12 (b a) + x a+b

(f) ,
2
a

for all x [a, b] .

Proof. Consider the mapping u as in the proof of Corollary 5. Then, by

Holders integral inequality, we can state that
|u (t) u (s)| =

Z t

Z t
1
p


1
p


q
g (s) ds |t s|
|g (s)| ds

s

|t s|

p1
p

kgkp ,

622

S. S. Dragomir

for all t, s [a, b] , which shows that the mapping u is of r HHolder type
with r = p1
(0, 1) and H = kgkp < .
p
The mapping u is also differentiable on (a, b) and u0 (t) = g (t) , t (a, b) .
Therefore, by the properties of Riemann-Stieltjes integrals, we have
Z

f (t) du (t) =

f (t) g (t) dt.

Using Theorem 5, we deduce the desired result (30) .

Similar results for f monotonic or f Lipschitzian with a constant K > 0

apply, but we omit the details.

Corollary 7. Let f and g be as in Corollary 6. Put kgk1 :=

Then we have the inequality

Rb
a

|g (t)| dt.



Z b
Z b



f (x)
g (s) ds
f (t) g (t) dt


a
a
Z

Z t
 x
b
 b
_

_




sup  g (s) ds (f) + sup  g (s) ds (f)


t[a,x] a
t[x,b] t
a

|g (s)| ds

kgk1
for all x [a, b] .

x
_

(f) +

"

|g (s)| ds

b
_

(f)

b
x
b

_
1_
1 _

(f) +  (f) (f) ,

2 a
2a
x

Proof. Put in inequality (9) u (t) =

Rt
a

g (s) ds, to obtain



Z b
Z b




f (x)
g
(s)
ds

f
(t)
g
(t)
dt



a
a
Z
 b
Z t
 x
Z b
 t
_

_




sup  g (s) ds (f) + sup  g (s) ds
g (s) ds (f)


a
a
a
t[a,x]
t[x,b]
a
x


Z t
 x
Z
b



_
 b
_
= sup  g (s) ds (f) + sup  g (s) ds (f)


t[a,x] a
t[x,b] t
a

(31)

On the Ostrowskis inequality

sup

t[a,x] a

|g (s)| ds

|g (s)| ds

x
_

= max

(f) ,

= kgk1

"

b
_

) "Z

(f) +
(f)

t[x,b] t

(x
_

(f) + sup

x
_

|g (s)| ds

623

|g (s)| ds

b
_

(f)

b
_

(f)

|g (s)| ds +

|g (s)| ds

b
x
b

_
1_
1 _

(f) +  (f) (f) ,


2 a
2 a
x

and the corollary is proved.

3. An Approximation for the Riemann-Stieltjes Integral

Consider In : a = x0 < x1 < ... < xn1 < xn = b a division of the interval
[a, b] , hi := xi+1 xi (i = 0, ..., n 1) and (h) := max {hi |i = 0, ..., n 1} .
Define the general Riemann-Stieltjes sum as
S (f, u, In, ) :=

n1
X

f (i ) (u (xi+1 ) u (xi )) .

(32)

i=0

In what follows, we point out some upper bounds

for the error of the apRb
proximation of the Riemann-Stieltjes integral a f (t) du (t) by its RiemannStieltjes sum S (f, u, In, ) .
Every inequality in Theorem 5 can be used in obtaining an upper bound
for that error. However, we feel that the last inequality can give a much
simpler and nicer one. Therefore, we will focus our attention to that one
alone and its consequences.
Theorem 6. Let f : [a, b] R be a mapping of bounded variation on [a, b]
and u : [a, b] R be of r HH
older type on [a, b] . Then
Z

f (t) du (t) = S (f, u, In, ) + R (f, u, In, ) ,

(33)

where S (f, u, In, ) is as given in (32) and the remainder R (f, u, In, ) satisfies the bound
"

#r


xi + xi+1 
1
|R (f, u, In, )| H (h) + max i

2
2
i=0,n1


b
_
a

(f) .
(34)

624

S. S. Dragomir

Proof. We apply Theorem 5 on the subintervals [xi, xi+1 ] (i = 0, ..., n 1)

to get


Z xi+1


f (i ) (u (xi+1 ) u (xi ))
f (t) du (t)

xi

r x_


1
xi + xi+1  i+1
H hi + i
(f)


(35)

xi

for all i {0, ..., n 1} . Summing over i from 0 to n 1 and using the
generalized triangle inequality, we deduce
|R (f, u, In, )|


n1
X

f (i ) (u (xi+1 ) u (xi ))


i=0
n1
X

i=0

sup
i=0,n1

and

xi+1

xi



f (t) du (t)


 xi+1

xi + xi+1  r _
1

hi + i
(f)


xi




i+1
X x_

1
xi + xi+1  r n1

hi + i
(f) .
sup


i=0,n1

However,

 r


xi + xi+1 
1
hi + i

2
2


i+1
n1
X x_

i=0 xi


xi + xi+1 
1
(h) + sup i

2
2
i=0,n1

(f) =

i=0 xi

b
_

(f) ,

which completely proves the first inequality in (34) .

For the second inequality, we observe that



x + xi+1  1
i i
 hi ,


for all i {0, ..., n 1} .

The theorem is thus proved.

The following corollaries are natural consequences of Theorem 6.

Corollary 8. Let f be as in Theorem 6 and u be an LLipschitzian mapping.
Then we have the formula (33), where the remainder R (f, u, In, ) satisfies
the bound

On the Ostrowskis inequality

625

|Rn (f, u, In, )|

(36)


# _

 b
1
x
+
x
i
i+1

L (h) + max i
(f)

"

i=0,n1

H (h)

b
_

(f) .

Remark 6. If f is monotonic on [a, b] , then the error estimate (34) becomes

|Rn (f, u, In, )|
"

#


1
x
+
x
i
i+1
 |f (b) f (a)|
H (h) + max i

2
2
i=0,n1
r
H [ (h)] |f (b) f (a)|

(37)

and (36) becomes

|Rn (f, u, In, )|
"

#


x
+
x
1
i
i+1
 |f (b) f (a)|
L (h) + max i

2
2
i=0,n1
L (h) |f (b) f (a)| .

(38)

Using Remark 2, we can state the following corollary.

Corollary 9. Let u be as in Theorem 6 and f : [a, b] R be a KLipschitzian
mapping on [a, b] . Then the approximation formula (33) holds and the remainder R (f, u, In, ) satisfies the bound
|Rn (f, u, In , )| HK
HK

n1
Xh
i=0
n1
X

(i xi )r+1 + (xi+1 i )r+1

(39)

hr+1
HK (b a) [ (h)]r .
i

i=0

In particular, if u is LLipschitzian, we get

|Rn (f, u, In , )|
n1
X
X
1 n1
xi + xi+1
LK
h2i + 2
i
2 i=0
2
i=0

"

2 #

(40)

626

S. S. Dragomir

LK

n1
X

h2i LK (b a) (h) .

i=0

We have to mention that the best inequality we can get in Theorem 6 is

that one for which i = xi +x2 i+1 for all i {0, ..., n 1} . Consequently, we
can state the following corollary:
Corollary 10. Let f and u be as in Theorem 6. Then
Z

f (t) du (t) = SM (f, u, In ) + RM (f, u, In)

(41)

where SM (f, u, In) is the generalized mid-point formula, that is,

SM (f, u, In) :=

n1
X
i=0

xi + xi+1
(u (xi+1 ) u (xi ))
2


and the remainder RM (f, u, In) satisfies the estimate

b
_
H
r
(f) .
|RM (f, u, In )| r [ (h)]
2
a

(42)

In particular, if u is LLipschitzian, then we have the bound:

b
_
H
|RM (f, u, In)| (h) (f) .
2
a

(43)

Remark 7. If in (42) and (43) we assume that f is monotonic, then we get

the inequalities
|RM (f, u, In)|

H
[ (h)]r |f (b) f (a)|
2r

(44)

H
(h) |f (b) f (a)| .
2

(45)

and
|RM (f, u, In )|

The case where f is KLipschitzian is embodied in the following corollary.

On the Ostrowskis inequality

627

Corollary 11. Let u and f be as in Corollary 9. Then we have the quadrature formula (41) where the remainder satisfies the estimate
|RM (f, u, In)|

X
HK n1
HK
r
r+1
h

(b a) [ (h)] .
i
r
r
2 i=0
2

(46)

In particular, if u is Lipschitzian, then we have the estimate

n1
X
1
1
h2i LK (b a) (h) .
|RM (f, u, In)| LK
2
2
i=0

(47)

References
1. S.S. Dragomir, On the Ostrowskis integral inequality for mappings with bounded variation and applications, Preprint, RGMIA Research Report Collection, 2(1)(1999), 63-69,
http://matilda.vu.edu.au/~rgmia/
2. S.S. Dragomir, On the Ostrowski inequality for the Riemann-Stieltjes integral
Rb
f(t)du(t), where f is of H
older type and u is of bounded variation and applications,
a
submitted.
3. S.S. Dragomir and S. Wang, Applications of Ostrowskis inequality to the estimation of
error bounds for some special means and some numerical quadrature rules, Appl. Math.
Lett.,11(1998), 105-109.
4. S.S. Dragomir and S. Wang, A new inequality of Ostrowskis type in L1 norm and
applications to some special means and to some numerical quadrature rules, Tamkang
J. of Math., 28(1997), 239-244.
5. S.S. Dragomir and S. Wang, A new inequality of Ostrowskis type in Lp norm, Indian
Journal of Mathematics, 40 (1998), No. 3, 299-304.
6. D.S. Mitrinovic, J.E. Pecaric and A.M. Fink, Inequalities for Functions and Their
Integrals and Derivatives, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1994.
7. T. C. Peachey, A. Mc Andrew and S.S. Dragomir, The best constant in an inequality
of Ostrowski type, Tamkang J. of Math., 30 (1999), No. 3, 219-222.
Sever S. Dragomir received his Ph.D from West Timisoara University with a Thesis
in Best Approximation Theory in Normed Spaces. Presently, he is Chair in Theory of Inequalities at Victoria University in Melbourne, Australia and the Chair of the Research
Group in Theory of Inequalities and Applications (RGMIA, http://rgmia.vu.edu.au).
Professor Dragomir has published more than three hundred papers in Theory of Inequalities and Applications and is the Editor-in-Chief of the new Electronic Journal JIPAM
(Journal of Inequalities in Pure and Applied Mathematics, http://jipam.vu.edu.au).
School of Communications and Informatics, Victoria University of Technology, PO Box
14428, Melbourne City MC 8001 Australia
e-mail: sever@matilda.vu.edu.au