Feedback:

Which
1.
D)
Ans:
Ethics
What
Dstatement
isourtheconduct
systematic
bestand
describes
actions
study of
ethics?
should
what abeperson's
regardingconduct
what isandright
actions
and should
good be
regard to self, other human beings, and the environment; it is the justification
with
right
of what
or good
is and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be,
necessarily
What
2.
D)
notA situation
is an ethical
whatthat
they
dilemma?
requires
are. choosing between two or more undesirable alternativ
Ans:most
es
The
Feedback:
D difficult of all moral issues is termed a moral or ethical dilemma, whi
ch described
be
may
as being forced to choose between two or more undesirable alternati
The problem is not generally solved with a solution that is mutually satisfying
ves.
norlend
it
The
3.
doesitselfoftoallocating
practice
empiricalorgans
or delineated
for transplantation
facts.
based on a person's worth
society
to
D)
Ans:
Justice:
Feedback:
Justice
D isSeek
an fairness,
example oftreat
what equals
ethicalequally,
principleandfortreat
decision
unequals
making?
according to th
differences. Actions
eir
Beneficence:
Autonomy:arePromotes
taken inself-determination
an effort to promote
and good.
freedomUtility:
of choice.
The good o
f theonly
many
The
4.
outweighs
treatment
the alternative
wants or needs
leftoffor
theaindividual.
patient diagnosed with advanced cancer
rare,
insurance
is a highly
company
experimental
refuses to
boneauthorize
marrow transfusion
payment forwith
the $200,000
a 10% success
procedure,
rate. argui
The
that the money could be better spent providing well-baby screening for 2,000 res
ng
in Utility
idents
D)
Ans:
The
Feedback:
the
principle
D serviceofarea.
utility
Whatstates
does this
thatdecision
what is best
by theforinsurance
the common
company
good outweighs
reflect?
what for
best
is the individual. There is no indication of unethical or maleficence beha
viorpart
the
on of the insurance company. Paternalism would be characterized by the ins
company
urance
Which
5.
C)
Thestatement
identification
making treatment
regarding
anddecision
the MORALwithout
analysis
ofdecision-making
multiple
the patient
alternatives
model
having
isfor
input.
true?
action is requir
Ans: Cis a decision-making model that is useful in clarifying ethical problems,
ed
MORAL
Feedback:
and it the identification and analysis of multiple alternatives for action. Th
requires
e otherethical
options
Which
6.
are notframework
true statements
would most
regarding
likely be
thisused
decision-making
to arrive at the
model.
nurse's decis
ionDuty
work
B)
Ans:
The
Feedback:
toBovertime
duty
based
framework
in spite
saysofthat
previous
some things
socialshould
plans?be done just because there is a
dutythem
do
to or refrain from doing them. Utilitarianism states that the good of the m
outweighs the wants or needs of the individual. The remaining options are not re
any
to the situation.
levant

7. is the role of the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics and Interpret
What
B)
Statements?
ive
The
Feedback:
responsibilities
Ans:Functions
ANA
B Code of
as Ethics
athat
guideflow
outlines
to from
the highest
the specific
important
standards
role
general
ofofethical
being
values,
apractice
nurse
duties,
infor
andnurses
order
to a
chieve andthe highest standards. The document is not legally binding nor is it a
maintain
of Accepting
mandate
Which
8.
D)
behavior.
statement
someregarding
ambiguityethical
and uncertainty
decision making
are a part
is true?
of ethical decision makin
gAns: D decision makers choose between two or more undesirable alternatives, and
Ethical
Feedback:
because they can use only the information and resources available at the time, t
hey must
live
with some ambiguity and uncertainty. The remaining options are not true sta
regarding
tements
Which
9.
D)
Ans:
Intuitionist
Feedback:
Intuitionist
Dethical
thestates
ethicalthat
framework
decision-making
involves
each caseanweighed
individualized
process.
on a case-by-case
decision-making
basis to
framework?
determine
goals, duties, and rights. Utilitarian provides the greatest good for the greate
relative
st numberDuty
people.
of based is a duty to do something to refrain from doing something. Ri
based individuals have basic inherent rights that should not be interfered with.
ghts-

Feedback:
What
10.
A)
Ans:
Autonomy,
A Aperson's
does or
theself-determination,
moraletoprinciple
right
make hisoforisautonomy
her
alsoownreferred
govern?to as freedom of choice and ac
decision
the responsibility for one's choice. None of the other options addresses this co
cepting
Protecting
11.
ncept.
C)
Ans:
Confidentiality
Feedback:
self-determination
C
patient
is aconfidentiality
foundation of both
respects
medical
the and
client's
nursing
right
ethics,
to and it respe
cts the right to self-determination. While the other options are worthy of resp
client's
ect,not
are
Much
12.
theythe
of
associated
difficulty
withpeople
confidentiality.
have in making ethical decisions results from a la
ck of education about problem solving. Research at the University of Pennsylvan
formal
found what percentage of the nurses and social workers reported having no ethics
ia
C)
Ans:
Research
Feedback:
training?
25C done at the University of Pennsylvania found that nearly 25% of the nur
and social workers reported having received no ethics training.
ses

Feedback:
Which
13.
solving?
A)
B)
Ans:
Outcomes
Outcomes
Decision-making
A,factor
Bshould
Select
should
allprocess
never
bebeconsidered
that
apply.as the
used
whensole
assessing
criterion
thefor
quality
assessing
of ethical
the quality
problemof
problem
ethicalsolving, because many variables affect outcomes that have no reflection
whether the problem solving was appropriate. Quality, instead, should be evaluat
on
ed the
by
bothoutcome and the process used to make the decision. If a structured approa
ch to solving is used, multiple alternatives are analyzed, and data gathering
problem
adequate, then, regardless of the outcome, the manager should feel comfortable t
is
hat the
best
available.
Collecting
14.
possible
Thedecision
data
satisfaction
about the
wasethical
made
of the
atproblem
that time
involved
andparties
with
identifying
theisinformation
notwho
a reliable
should
andbefactor.
resources
involved
decision-making
making
A)
Ans:
Massage
Feedback:
involved
inMassage
the
A model?
the
inthe
dilemma:
the
dilemma
process
decision-making
Collect
is accomplished
dataprocess.
about the
inOutline
which
ethical
phase
options:
problem
of Identify
theandMORAL
whoalternatives,
decisionshould
be
analyze
and
the causes and consequences of each. Review criteria and resolve: Weigh
options against the values of those involved in the decision. This may be done t
the
hrough a or grid. Affirm position and act: Develop the implementation strategy.
weighting
Which
obligations
C)
Ans:
In
Feedback:
15.general,
Legal
Cstatement
controls
in decision
legal
iscontrols
are
correct
clearer
making?
regarding
are
and
clearer
philosophically
theanddistinction
philosophically
impartial
betweenimpartial;
legal andethical
ethicalco
ntrolsless
much
areclear and individualized.

16. member of the health-care team is often placed in situations where they ar
Which
eexpected to be agents for patients, physicians, and the organization simultaneou
sly,
of
B)
Nurses
Feedback:
Ans:Nurses
which
Ballaremayoften
haveplaced
conflicting
in situations
wants andwhere
goals?
they are expected to be agents for p
physicians, and the organization simultaneously, all of which may have conflicti
atients,
needs, wants, and goals. The nature of the patient contact of a nurse is more di
ng
rectmake
involves
To
17.
andappropriate
more time than
ethical
the decisions
other members
the nurse-manager
of the health-care
must have
team.knowledge of w
items
hat
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
To
Feedback:
ethical
Organizational
Proven
Professional
Ethical
make
A,toprinciples
B,assist
appropriate
decision-making
principles
C,
D approach
inprocesses
making
and
ethical
and
frameworks,
that
decisions?
models
frameworks
1,eliminates
decisions
2 1,use
2,Select
then,
aandprofessional
trial
3the
alland
thaterror
manager
apply:
approach
must1,have
2, knowledge
that
3,eliminates
4.
of t
rial and
error
and focuses on proven decision-making models, and use available organizati
processes to assist in making such decisions. Knowledge of the involved parties'
onal
iswishes
not a focus of the decision-making process.

18. Using both a systematic approach and proven ethical tools and technology all
managers to make better decisions and increases the probability that they will f
ows
confident are
eel
functions
aboutinvolved
the decisions
in management
they have
ethics.
made.What
Leadership
is an example
roles and
of amanagement
leadership
D)leadership
role?
AAns:
Feedback:
Role
D modelsrole
ethical
is role
decision
modelsmaking,
ethicalwhich
decision
is congruent
making, which
with is
thecongruent
American wit
h the
American
Professional
Nurses
standard.
Association
Uses aCode
systematic
of Ethicsapproach
and Interpretive
to problemStatements
solving andanddecisio
nmaking when faced with management problems with ethical ramification, identifies
outcomes in ethical decision making that should always be sought or avoided, and
established
management
Using
19.
managers
uses bothtoafunctions.
ethical
make
systematic
better
frameworks
approachtoand
decisions
clarify
and
proven
increases
values
ethical
the
andprobability
tools
beliefs
andare
technology
that
examples
theyallows
of f
will
confident
eel
functions
D)
function?
Identifies
aboutoutcomes
are
involved
the decisions
in ethical
management
theydecision
have
ethics.
made.
making
What
Leadership
is anshould
that
example
rolesalways
and
of amanagement
management
be
sought o
ravoided
Ans:
Management
Feedback:
D
function identifies outcomes in ethical decision making that should a
be sought or avoided. Leadership roles include the following: Is self-aware rega
lways
own values and basic beliefs about the rights, duties, and goals of human beings
rding
; accepts
that
some ambiguity and uncertainty must be a part of all ethical decision makin
accepts that negative outcomes occur in ethical decision making despite high-qua
g;
problem solving and decision making.
lity

20. There are many terms used to describe moral issues faced by nurses, includin
g moral
uncertainty,
moral conflict, moral distress, moral outrage, and ethical dilemmas
. Which
statement
A)
Occurs when
describes
an individual
how moralisuncertainty
unsure which
occurs?
moral principles or values apply an
dmay even
Ans:
Moral
Feedback:
Auncertainty
include uncertainty
occurs whenasantoindividual
what the is
moral
unsure
problem
whichismoral principles or
apply and may even include uncertainty as to what the moral problem is. Moral di
values
occurs when the individual knows the right thing to do but organizational constr
stress
make it difficult to take the right course of action. Moral outrage occurs when
aints
individual witnesses the immoral act of another but feels powerless to stop it.
an
dilemmacharacteristic
Ethical
Which
21.
is being forced
of an
to organization
choose betweenhastwoinfluence
or more on
undesirable
the ethical
alternatives.
decisions i
managers'
ts
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The
Feedback:
Purpose
Societal
manager's
A, B,make?
Cconstraints
role
ethical
Selectobligation
all that apply.
is tied to the organization's purpose, and the
purpose
the
organization
of
is linked to the function that it fills in society and the cons
society places on it. So, the responsibilities of the nurse-manager emerge from
traints
acomplex set of interactions. Society helps to define the purposes of various ins
and the purposes, in turn, help to ensure that the institution fulfills specific
titutions,
However,
functions.
the specific values and norms in any particular institution determine t
he its
of
focusresources and shape its organizational life. The values of people within
influence actual management practice. The organization's societal status should
institutions
not be
considered
when making ethical decisions.

22. ethical principle associated with an adult child is legally given the righ
Which
t toPaternalism
medical
C)
Ans:
Paternalism
Feedback:
Cmakedecisions
is whenforonea individual
cognitivelyassumes
impairedtheparent?
right to make decisions for anoth
Justice requires that a person seek fairness, treat equals equally, and treat unequ
er.
according
als
to their differences. Fidelity involves the need to keep promises. Ben
involves
eficence
Which
23.
termactions
is usedthat
to identify
are takenainperson's
an effort
feelings
to promote
of powerlessness
good.
to stop unet
behavior
hical
B)
Moral
Feedback:
Ans:Moral
Boutrage
in another
outrage
occursperson
when anorindividual
institution?
witnesses the immoral act of another but
powerless
feels
to stop it. Moral uncertainty or moral conflict occurs when an individ
ual is which moral principles or values apply and may even include uncertainty a
unsure
s to the moral problem is. Ethical relativism suggests that individuals make dec
what
based only on what seems right or reasonable according to their value system or
isions
Ethical universalism holds that ethical principles are universal and constant an
culture.
d that decision making should not vary as a result of individual circumstances
ethical
cultural differences.
or

24. statement concerning autonomy and the employee is true? Select all that ap
Which
A)form
ply.
B)
C)
D)
AAns:
Feedback:
ItsA,isof
It
legal
B,supported
apersonal
based
form
C,
equivalent
Donofaliberty,
personal
by
person's
theisprocess
self
liberty
autonomy
right
determination
oftois
progressive
make
alsoa called
choice
employee
freedomdiscipline
of choice or accepti
ng the
responsibility
for one's choice. The legal right of self-determination supports
this moral The use of progressive discipline recognizes the autonomy of the empl
principle.
The employee, in essence, has the choice to meet organizational expectations or
oyee.
to be
disciplined
further. If the employee's continued behavior warrants termination,
principle of autonomy says that the employee has made the choice to be terminate
the
d by of his or her actions, not by that of the manager. Therefore, nurse-manag
virtue
erscognizant
be
must
of the ethical component present whenever an individual's decisiona
lcapacity is in question. To take away a person's right to self-determination is
a serious
but
Which
25.
sometimes
activitynecessary
best demonstrates
action. a nursing unit manager's attention to the ethic
sstandards
A)
Ans:
ANA
Feedback:
Membership
standards
A
of practice
on the
for
ethics
institution's
required
relatedoftothat
ethic
nurse
position?
board
administrators identifies participants
multidisciplinary
on
and interdisciplinary teams that address ethical risks, benefi
ts, and as a criteria measurement. The remaining options while addressing ethic
outcomes
behaviors on the administrator's part are not as directly identified by the ANA.
al