INCREASING STUDENTS LISTENING SKILL THROUGH A

MOVIES
Research Paper Proposal

By:
ANAM RAHMAWAN
12-88-203-236

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND PEDAGOGY FACULTY
TANGERANG MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY
2015

CHAPTER

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Problem

Movies, also known as films, are a type of visual communication which use moving
pictures and sound to tell stories or information (help people to learn). The first movies was
created in 1872, a man named Edward Muybridge began experimenting on capturing moving
images. This man placed twelve cameras on a race horse track, spread thread across the track,
and attached the thread into contact with a camera's shutter. Once the horse ran across the
track, it's legs broke the threads, causing the cameras to operate in sequence. The ending
results were 12 photos showing a horse's gait. With an invention of his called the
Zoopraxiscop, he was able to quickly project these images, creating what is known as motion
photography and the first movie to ever exist.
In 1885, two men named George Eastman and William H. Walker developed the very
first reel of film. Film was sensitized paper created with a gelatin emulsion. One year later it
was replaced by celluloid, which was a synthetic plastic material invented in the 1870's
which was used in the chemical compound cellulose nitrate.
The Kintegraph was created be Thomas Edison's British employee William Kennedy
Laurie Dickenson. It was a machine that could capture a sequence of images which was
similar to a camera only it automatically took a picture of the moving image every half
second. The images were then placed in his other invention, the kintescope. This device had a

motor and shutter mechanism that ran a loop of film past an electric light source. The
spectator would then peer through a small window to see the moving image.
After these two inventions were created, the Lumiere brothers ( Auguste and Louis)
created a light weight hand cranked mechanism called the Cinematograph. It could take
pictures and project large images quickly when it was linked with projecting equipment
familiar from magic lantern shows.
There are many kind of movies, such as action , adventure, animated, comedy,
dramas, horror, and also science fiction movies. The user of movie not only for entertainment
but it can use for another things, for example in education.

Movies can use as media to

support learning in the class, so the student could easily understood about the lesson. Film
viewers have the ability to actively participate in the images to which they are being
exposed (Lee, Kane, Drane, & Kane, 2009, p. 100). As a result of movie viewers ability to
engage with the images that are being shown, the audience can be motivated by a multitude
of responses. The uniqueness of movies, coupled with their ability to depict reality in a form
which differs from typical human understanding, allows viewers to visualise and recall
content presented (Champoux, 1999).
In learning process, teacher have to use all media to support the learning, so the
student can easy to understood about material that learn. There are four basic skill that have
we pass in learning English, that separate into two type receptive and productive, there are
speaking, listening, reading, and writing. All of this skill had connected between one to
another, so we cant just learn only one or two skill.

Students understanding about the listening lesson was very low, it can be happen
because the student not interested to the learning, specially if the teacher use an old method,
like giving explanation and then asking some question to students. Modern teacher need to
create interactive learning situation , that the students will fell interested and enjoy the lesson.
The simple way that can take by the teacher was by using a movie.

B. Identification of the Problem

Listening skill is ability which some one need to understanding all of the information
from the conversation (sound or movie). From this skill, the students have problem in the
listening process because they unusual to listen conversation in English. Dealing with the
background above, the researcher identifies the problem as follow :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The students listening ability is still low,

The students unusual to listen English in daily life.
The students had opinion that listening is easy, so it does not need to learn.
The teacher only have few method to learn (conventional method).
The school facilities do not support in learn listening practice.

C. Limitation of the Problem

Based on identification above, the researcher limit the problem on an application of
movies to learning listening.

D. Formulation of Problem

Based on the limitation of problem above, the researcher can formulate the problem as
follow:
1. What kind of problem that students have in learning listen?
2. What the method that teacher use to teach listening ?
3. How students ability to gap the information from the conversation?
E. Objective of the Research
This research has aim as mentioned bellow :
1. To find out the students problem in learn listening.
2. To describe and search the best method that can using by the teacher to teaching listening.
3. How to increase students ability in listening.

F. Use of the Research

1. Theoretically Use
Yagang (1994) stated that the problem in listening were accompanied with the four
factor : the massage, the speaker, the listener, and the physical setting.

Based on that opinion above, the researcher need to give opinion that listening is not only
hear what another people said, but listening is gapping a lot of information from the source,
that we can use to communication with the other.
2. Practical Use
In detail, the use of this research is to serve an information to serve an information to the
English teacher (specially in listening) about another method and also applicant that can use
to support of the teaching material. This also give description about some problem that find
in listening skill. So, the teacher can evaluate their teaching method and the applicant that
support the study. Next, it will give input to the teacher to be more creative in teaching
listening.

CHAPTER
FRAME OF THEORIES

A. Definition of Movies

Grant Horner (2010: 63) stated that movies is a recording of moving images that
tells a story and that people watch on a screen or television.
Based on explanation above, the researcher analyzed how to increasing the
students listening ability through a movies.
B. Definition of listening
Howatt and Dakin (1974) define, listening

is the ability to identify and

understand what others are saying. This involves understanding a speakers accent and
pronunciation, his grammar and his vocabulary and grasping his meaning.
Emmert (1996:2) stated that listening is the process of receiving, constructing,
meaning form and responding to spoken and nonverbal massage.
Ommagio quoted ( in Persulessy 1986: 3) say that Listening and reading are both highly
complex process that draw on the knowledge of the linguistic code (language form), cognitive
processing skill (the skill to process in the mind), based understanding (background knowledge), and
contextual cues both within and outside the text.

C. Listening Method
Rixon (1986:28) differentiates between listening and hearing. There is an
everyday distinction between hearing and something and listening to it. Hearing is only
the recognition of sound, as we say, I am sorry, I did not hear exactly what you said.

Listening implies some conscious attention to the message of what is said, as when we
say, Are you listening to me?.
Rost (1991: 3) proposes that in order to define listening, we can ask two basic
questions: What are the component skills in listening? And what does a listener do? In
terms of the necessary components, we can list the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Discriminating between sounds

Recognizing words
Identifying grammatical grouping of words
Identifying pragmatic units experiments and sets of utterances which function

as whole units to create meaning.

e. Using background knowledge (what we already know about the content and the
form) and content (what has already been said) to predict and then to confirm
meaning.
f. Recalling important words and ideas
Rost (1994:4) says, successful listening involves an integration of these
component skills. In some case, listening is a coordination of the component skills, not
the individual skills themselves. This integration of these perception skills, analysis skills
and synthesis skills is what we will call a persons listening ability.
.Rost (1991:4) has also argued that even though a person may have a good
listening ability, he or she not always be able to understand messages, some conscious
actions is necessary to use this ability effectively in each listening situation. This action
that listener must perform is cognitive or mental, so it is not possible to view It directly.
Rost (1991:70) stated that there are four principles for developing listening ability:

1. Listening ability develops through face-to-face interaction. By interacting in

English, learners have the chance for a new language input and the chance to train
their listening ability. Face-to-face interaction provides stimulation for
development of listening for meaning.
2. .Listening develops through focusing on meaning and trying to learn new and
important content in the target language. By focusing on meaning and real reasons
for listening in English, learners can mobile both their linguistic and nonlinguistic abilities to master.
3. .Listening ability develops through work on comprehension activities. By focus
on specific goals for listening. Learners can evaluate their efforts and abilities. By
having well-defined comprehension activities, learner shave opportunities for
assessing what they had achieved and revised.
D. Movie in Classroom
Sarah and Patricia (2009) stated that, the imagery and sound of film has the power
to capture attention and spur thinking in a way that words dont, viewing an entire film
is necessary to explore a multilayered issue such as cultural proficiency.
According to Hu (2006), movies provide both audio and visual materials that help
the students understand the language more easily. When watching a film, students not
only listen to the characters, but also watch their movements. In addition, the scenes, the
props and other aspects make the communication so real that, by watching the film,
students seem to almost interact with the activities in the movies.
Xu and Guo (2007) stated that, for many students movies are much more
attractive, interesting, and impressive than common material printed in books or audible

material in tape, because of the visual nature and immediacy of the medium. It could
greatly increase a students enthusiasm and imagination.
E. The Advantages of Using Movies
In a research article Zhao (2009) holds that, an original movie can be very
motivating and interesting. In this way language learning will become more enjoyable.
In addition, audio-visual English movies can best mobilize a students enthusiasm to
visual listening, speaking and other senses, and greatly inspire the students curiosity.
Movies make learning English a natural and efficient expansion of human knowledge,
and improve English communication skills.
Xu and Guo (2007) argued that movies offer authentic voice material, varied
vocabulary and cultural material; it can be said that movies could be used as an
encyclopedia. But if teachers do not pay attention to their methods, there will be many
problems. For example, during the study, some students were unconsciously distracted
by the lively visual senses, they got distracted by the drama in the plot, and they then
forgot their real task.
According to Xing (2005), the various types of movies are produced for learners
of different levels of language proficiency. No matter what kind of language class,
appropriate movie materials can always be found.

Chapter
Research Methodology

3.1 Research Method

The research method that use in this research is qualitative method.
Qualitative research is descriptive method. According to Moleong (2004:4) stated

that qualitative research is certain in the real social science which is

fundamentally suspended based on the people observation in their area or
terminology.
This qualitative method used to identify and describe the analysis student
skill in the listening, as imperfect speaking caused by the students lack of
information from the source and also the benefit of using movies to increasing
their listening skill.
Dealing with the situation above, Bogdan and Taylor (in Moleong, 2005:4)
stated that qualitative research as a research procedure which procedure
descriptive data as written or speech from the people and habitual action which is
researched.
Based on explanation above the researcher analyzed the students listening
skill in senior high school and also the implementation of movie to support the
education process.

A.1. Place of the Research

The research about Increasing Students Listening Skill Through Movies
conducted in elevent grade of SMAN 4 Tangerang, Banten. It is formal educational
institution located in Tangerang city.

A.2. Time of the Research

The time of the research held on July 19th 2014. Which are consist of only
one meeting. The research be divided into three section, first section was pre test

and the second section was the applying of movie in teaching process, the last
section was post test.

B. Data Collecting Technique

In the collecting data, the researcher used questionnaire, observation, and
interview. In the document technique, the researcher used all of

the facilitates of

component from test or interview used in qualitative research. Then in interview, the
researcher used interview the English teacher and give questionnaire to the student to get
some data about student listening ability.
B.1. Observation
Guba and Lincoln (1981:193) Observations carried out to obtain a real
picture of an event or events to answer the research questions. With this statement
Guba and Lincoln said that observation essentially an activity by using the senses,
can sight, smell, hearing, to obtain the information necessary to answer the research
problem.
Faisal (in Sugiyono, 2005:64) classified the observation became participant
observation, overt observation and cover observation, and unstructured observation.
The results of observations in the form of activities, events, object, condition
or specific moods, emotions and feelings of a person.
B.2. Interview
Sharma (1997:125) stated that interview is a systematic method by which a
person enter more or less imaginatively into the inner live of a comparative
stranger.
Estenberg (in sugiyono, 2005:72) stated that interview is a meeting of two
person to exchange information and idea through question and responses, resulting
in communication and joint construction of a meaning about a particular topic.

An interview used as data collecting technique if the researcher wants to

introduction study to find which must research, but also if the researcher wants to
know the deeper data from respondent.
B.2.1. Structured Interview
Structured interviews are used as data collection techniques, when a
researcher or data collector has to know accurately what information will be
obtained. Therefore, in conducting interviews, data collectors have set up a
research instrument of written questions that the answer was already prepared.
Based on the explanation above the researcher will choose this method because
the researcher wants to know the data accurately.
B.3. Questionnaire
Barr (1953:65) stated that questionnaire is a systematic complication or
question that are submitted to a sampling of population from which is desire.
Based on the above statement, it means that the questionnaire is one of the
techniques for data collection is quite effective.
C. Research Instrument
Callahan (2006:6) stated that data collection instruments refer to a tool such as
questionnaire, checklist, surveys, and scales that systematically gather data about
individuals, group or organization.
According to Arikunto (1997:151) research instrument is a tool or facilities used
researcher in collecting the data, so this research result is more accurate and systematic.
Based on explanation above is very important to use appropriate devices in this
research. Then for collecting data to support the research, the researcher used research
instrument that are interview, test and questionnaire.
D. Research Subject

This research conducted at SMA N 4 Tangerang, Banten. The subject of the

research those 30 students of eleventh grade years. The researcher choose 11th IPA 1 class
as a subject of the research. The researcher choose this class because it was regarded the
best class among second graded classes and the researcher believe that class given more
information that are needed during the research. Then for getting more information the
researcher giving interview to the teacher of SMA N 4 Tangerang is as informant and also
the students as the subject for sample of the research.
E. Research Validity And Reliability
Krefting (1991:214) stated that trustworthiness involves the following elements:
credibility, dependability, conformability and transferability.
Credibility exists when the research findings reflect the perceptions of the people
under study and then dependability term is reliability substitution term in qualitative
research. The reliability is achieved if the result is equal when two or several times
conducted repetition of a study in the same condition and essentially time.
Polit et al (2001:32) affirm that validity and reliability are justifiable in research
although qualitative researchers use different procedures to establish validity and
reliability. Internal validity is important in qualitative research, as researchers are able to
demonstrate the reality of the participants through detailed description of the discussion.
Further according to Polit et al (2001:315) conformability refers to neutrality or
objectivity of data. The issue of conformability focuses on characteristics of the data.
This means that the research findings are the result of the research and not the
researchers assumptions and preconceptions.

Based on explanation above the researcher provided a description about the

setting, the participants as well as the method of data collection so that the result of the
research were well received.
F. Research Procedures
In this research, the researcher has several steps or procedure in finding and
1.
2.
3.
4.

analyzing the data of this problem:

Giving questionnaire to the students about their listening skill.
Giving the test to students write some information that they get after see a movie.
Make an interview with the English teacher about students listening skill.
Analyzing all of the data from the student and also the teacher about listening.

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