Manuscrip Human Hair NCR Phy Team PDF

Human Hair as Reinforcement to
Cement Bonded Composite
National Capital Region

Malabon National High School
M. Naval St., Hulong Duhat Malabon City
Researchers
IAN JONATHAN P. AUSTRIA
CAMILLE M. SUMANG
LOIS EVANGELINE R. ALAG
Project Adviser
MANOLO DAVANTES
Physical Team Category
Human Hair as Reinforcement to Cement Bonded Composite
Table of Contents
Page Number
Abstract ..
Introduction .
Rationale
Statement of the Problem
10
Hypothesis
11
Scope and Delimitation .
11
Review of Related Literature ..
12
Review of Related Studies
14
Methodololgy
a. Gathering of Materials ..
15
b. Preparation of Molders .
17
c. Preparations of Replicates and Control ..
17
d. Treating of Replicates before Testing ..
19
e. Testing ..
21
Presentation and Interpretation of Data

a. Simple Crashing Test ...
25
a.1 Statistical Treatment of Hypothesis for

Simple Crashing Test
29
b. Breaking Load of Flexure Test
30
b.1 Statistical Treatment of Hypothesis for

Breaking Load of Flexure Test
37
Page Number
c. Compression Test .
39
c.1 Statistical Treatment of Hypothesis for

Compression Test .
46
d. Water Absorption Test
48
d.1 Statistical Treatment of Hypothesis for

Water Absorption Test
53
e. Comparison of the Experimental Group

to the Control Group
55
Conclusion .
58
Recommendation ..
60
Acknowledgement .
62
Bibliography ..
64
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
TITLE
Page No.
Proportion of Components in each Replicates.
26
Physical Characteristics of the Replicates

Before and After Testing
26
Result of Crashing Test of Treated Replicates

Per Treatment. ..
27
Summary of Simple Crashing Test of Replicates

In Different Treatment...
28
Result of Breaking Load in Flexure Test

Of Treated Replicates per Treatment ..
29
Summary of Result for Flexure Test of

Replicates in Different Treatments ...
30
Result of Compression Test of Treated

Replicates per Treatment ..
31
Summary of Compression Test of Replicates

In Different Treatment .
38
Result of the Compression Test of Treated

Replicates Per Treatment
39
10
Summary of Swelling Test Results of

Replicates in Different Treatments ...
40
Comparison of Experimental Group Against

The Control on Various Test .
41
11
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No.
TITLE
Page No.
Bar Graph of Crashing Test for

Different Treatment ..
27
Bar Graph of Flexure Test for

Different Treatment .
36
Bar Graph of Compression Test for

45
Bar Graph of Flexure Test for

52
Line Graph showing the Percentage Difference

Of the Experimental Group Against
The Control Group
56
4
5
ABSTRACT
Human hair is non-degradable and has high tensile strength that can be utilized
as a fiber reinforcement material. This study examines the effect of human hair additives
in preparing cement bonded composites as a reinforcement to concrete building
materials. It aims to produce a concrete which can withstand strong pressure and prevent
swelling when submerged in water. Experiments were conducted on cement bonded
composites mixture with different proportions of human hair varying from 1.25%, 2.5%
and 3.75% by weight as the experimental groups and a standard composite as the control
group. The replicates go through different treatments such as heated, submerge in fresh
water and salt water. The treated replicates were subjected to several mechanical test
such as: simple crashing test, ASTM C293 flexure, ASTM C109 compression, and ASTM
D570 water absorption test.
Results of the test shows an increment in various mechanical property of the
treated replicates to the control. The experimental group shows a high percentage
difference against the control. Replicate C (3.75% hair) has the highest percentage
difference of 135.91% for crashing test, 44.74% for flexure test, 120.79% for
compression and 102.04% in swelling test. Analysis of variance reveals that there is a
significant difference on the strength, flexibility, compressibility and swelling of the
treated replicates as compared to the control group. Therefore, with the optimum amount
of human hair in the preparation of the concrete mixture it can add strength, flexibility
and resistance to water making it a better building material.
INTRODUCTION
At present there is a need to look for materials that can reinforce concrete
structures in order to avoid severe damage caused by natural or man-made events. The
Malabon City is called the Little Venice of the Philippines because it experiences
perennial floods. Most places in the area is below sea level that caused the flood to stay
for a long time before subsiding. Even a small amount of rain or a sudden rise in the tides
could cause floods that may reach 1 to 5 feet deep.
When concrete structure is submerged in water for a long time it can cause
corrosion of steel and could weaken the concrete slab due to swelling. This and other
factors could weaken the concrete are the following: concrete fatigue, exposure to
extreme heat, continuous or sudden strong vibrations, weathering, inadequate
maintenance and deterioration due to old age.
The most common factor affecting the concrete strength is porosity. This is a
condition in which voids of concretes are filled with air or water. The more porous the
concrete, the weaker it is. Concrete expands and contracts as temperature and moisture
changes that can cause cracks and breaks. Too much water (hydrostatic pressure) can
weaken the concrete which may lead to leaks, breaks or cracks.
Furthermore, extreme heat can also cause cracks because it makes the concrete
expand. Long exposure to the sun during the day expands it and at night it shrinks
because of low temperature. The retreat back of the concrete can cause cracks. Repeated
expansion and contraction can increase the gap of cracks.
The ultimate purpose of this study is to come up with a concrete mixture that
exhibits strength but less porous or almost water proof and has low expansion response
to heat.
RATIONALE
Reinforcing concretes is important so as to prevent the formation of cracks, breaks
or may cause structural failure. Usually steel bars are used to reinforce concretes by
builders. At present, there are many available materials used for concrete reinforcement
such as: steel bars, polymers, and wire mesh. However, these materials can add cost to
the production. The presence of reinforcement materials to concrete can add more
strength and prevent the widening of gap on cracks and breaks. Study (Jain, 2012) shows
that too much steel in the concrete can cause the concrete slabs to crack by restraining
normal concrete to shrink.
This study is conducted on Malabon City which is prone to frequent deep flooding.
The city is adjacent to the coastline of Manila Bay and is below sea level. Frequent high
tides and rains can submerge the concrete structures which can cause slow damage to
the concretes. It will swell as water is absorbed and may cause carbonatation in which
chloride is ingress to the steel bars causing it to corrode and weaken. Salt water also
cause surface powdering and flaking. The exposure to heat coming from the direct
sunlight can also aggregate the formation of cracks.
These are the reasons why the researchers conduct this study. Their aim is to find
an alternative fiber reinforce materials that can give additional tensile strength to the
concrete and at the same time prevent cracks and breaks brought about by extreme
temperature and water absorption. The researchers have decided to make use of the
human hair as an additive to cement production and test the composite mixture for its
tensile strength, flexure, compression and swelling capacity. The human hair was chosen
as the fiber reinforcement because of the following reasons: 1) it can be obtained readily
from different hair salons as a waste materials; 2.) it has high tensile strength, which can
sustain 40% of its own weight; 3) high hydrophobic power to resist swelling or avoid
water penetration; 4) high flexibility, it can stretch from 30% to 50% of its original length;
and 5) it has low decomposition rate.
The research is deemed to be beneficial because it provides a better, effective,
and cost efficient source of concrete fiber reinforcement materials. Structures built with
hair additives can take advantage of its increase strength, flexibility, compressibility and
low absorption of water. These make the infrastructure last longer. The general public
can take advantage of its cheap source for reinforcement materials in building structures.
It can also prevent less degradation caused by floods. The environment also gain benefit
because there will be no dumping of human hair and the emission of harmful chemicals
can be prevented.
10
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study is conducted to investigate the reinforcement ability of the human hair
as additive to cement bonded composite mixture.
Specifically this study sought to answer the following questions:
1. What concentration of human hair gives favorable result in crashing , flexure,
compression and swelling test of the cement bonded composite:
1.1
1.25% concentration,
1.2
2.50% concentration, and
1.3
3.75% concentration?
2. What concentration of human hair yielded the best result in crashing test, breaking
load of flexure, compression test and water absorption test in terms of the
following treatment:
2.1
no treatment,
2.2
heated,
2.3
submerged in fresh water, and
2.4
submerged in salt water?
3. What is the percentage difference of the experimental groups in terms of: crashing
test, flexure, compression and swelling test as compared to the control?
4. Is there a significant difference in the mechanical properties of the treated
replicates to the control?
11
HYPOTHESIS
NULL:
There is no significant difference in the mechanical properties of the treated
replicates to the control.
ALTERNATIVE:
There is significant difference on the mechanical properties of the treated
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

This study will utilize the human hair as the source of fiber that is incorporated to
the cement mixture in order to reinforce the concrete. The human hair is collected at
different hair trimming salons along the barangay of Hulong Duhat, Malabon City.
Analyses of the collected human hair as well as the type and chemical treatment it
receives will not be investigated. The length of hair collected will not be measured
because in the preparation of the replicates the hair will be cut into shorter length. The
ordinary type of sand and commercial Portland cement is used in the mixture of concrete.
Specific preparation of each replicate particularly the amount of hair added is strictly
followed. The researcher prepared the molder for the brick and cube to give the concrete
definite shape and form. All samples are treated first before subjecting it to the different
tests. The researchers subjected the replicates to only four standard test for building
materials. The simple strength test (impact force test), ASTM C293 breaking load of
12
flexure test, ASTM C109 compressional test, and ASTM D570 water absorption test.
Qualitative and quantitative observation are used in the conduct of the test. The
researchers prepared all the samples as well as the treatment of all the replicates. The
simple strength test is performed by the researchers themselves. The test of flexure,
compression and water absorption are performed by the DOST-ITDI because of the
unavailability of the equipment in the school. The researchers are not allowed to observe
and take part in the testing of the replicates at the DOST because the institution has a
bulk of requests for testing. Due to time constraint and for the quality assurance of precise
data, the analyst of the DOST-ITDI conducted the test requested. However, the
researchers are the one who tabulated the data, analyzed and interpreted the results
with the assistance of their adviser.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

WHAT IS FIBER REINFORCE CONCRETE?
Fiber reinforce Concrete is a cement composite that has mixture of cement, sand
and fibers. Fibers on the other hand is defined as a small piece of materials that can give
reinforcement capability due to its characteristics.
WHY USE HAIR FIBER AS REIFORCEMENT?
Hair is a strong organic fiber made from keratin which is estimated to be 80%
abundance and with a sulfur content coming from the amino acid cysteine. The major
composition of the human hair is protein about 95% and 32% water. The remaining is
13
lipids, pigments and other components. According to Velasco (2009), the hair cortex
keratin is responsible for its strength, flexibility, elasticity and hydrophilic power.
Hair has high resistance to stretching. The weight for a single thread of hair to
rupture is estimated between 50 100 grams. A person has an average hair around
120,000 and can sustain a twelve tons. Its ability not to break easily can be attributed to
its hair diameter.
Hair has high elasticity. The hair is estimated to stretch from 20 30% when dry
and may react to 50% when wet.
Hair has high hydrophilic power. The keratin of the hair can absorb up to 40% of
its own weight under liquid or steam form. Adding water or hydration can break the
hydrogen bond and can affect the fibers elasticity. The hair ability to resist swelling is due
to its molecular bonds which avoids the water penetration.
The geometrical shape of the hair depends on its lineage, Asian people have
circular hair while Caucasian hair is oval. African ancestry got elliptical hair.
The cortex of the hair is responsible for its strength and flexibility. Its stretching
resistance can range from 50 to 150 grams per strands. The hair breaking resistance
depends on its diameter. A person is estimated to have around 12,000 hair strands and
could sustain around 12 tons of weight. It is also said that the hair is elastic. It can stretch
up to 30% of its original length when exposed to dry condition, and around 50%
stretching limit when exposed to wet conditions.
Since the hair was proven to possess tensile strength it was a long practice to
incorporate hair to concrete and plaster based products.
14
A study (Wilson, A. Hair After Death. 2010) on the condition of the hair after death
stated that hair as well as nails is made of strong keratin which is almost resistant to
decomposition by proteolysis. The rate of decomposition is not the same for all types of
hair but studies shows that around 5% of the human hair decomposes for 100 years.
The rate of degradation is not uniform, it varies depending the condition of the
environment and microbial life.
WHY USE HAIR AS ADDITIVES TO CONCRETE PREPARATION?

The human hair is use as concrete reinforcement because of the following
reasons: First, it has high tensile strength. Tensile strength refers to the ability of the hair
to be stretch without breaking easily; Second, it is non-biodegradable thus can reduce
the possibility of dumping it as waste materials; Third, it is cheap and can be obtained
readily in large amount.
REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

HAIR FIBER AS REINFORCEMENT MATERIALS
A study about (Jain, Hair Fibre Reinforce Concrete. 2012) the comprehensive
compressive, crushing and flexural strength of concrete beams and cubes with human
hair additives for the purpose of reducing environmental problems. Hair is mix with
different proportions such as 0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5% by mass to the construction
of the concrete beams and cubes. The findings of the test showed favorable result in
reinforcing the product.
15
Another (Ganiron, T. Effects of Human Hair Additives in Compressive Strength of
Asphalt Cement Composite, 2014), experiment on the human hair added to asphalt for
the purpose of proving the worth of hair as an effective additive to asphalt in increasing
it compressive strength when to make roads and improve road pavements. Ganiron
prepared his asphalt composites having different concentration of 3% to 12% by mass
to bitumen. His study proves that human hair can be added to asphalt thereby increase
its compressive strength making it an excellent additive for asphalt effectiveness as road
pavements.
METHODOLOGY
I.
GATHERING OF MATERIALS
Human hair is obtained from different salons and barbershops in the area
of Hulong Duhat, Malabon City. The collected hair has a total mass of 1 kg.
Hair is weighed and separated in the following proportion: 6.25 grams (1.25%)
of human hair for Replicate A, 12.5 grams (2.5%) of human hair for Replicate
B, 18.75 grams (3.75%) of human hair for Replicate C.
16
Four kilograms of sand were brought in Philord Hardware located in

Hulong Duhat, Malabon City. Each replicate is prepared with the same
amount of sand proportion (250g) of sand for Replicate A, B, C and control.
REPLICATE A
REPLICATE B
REPLICATE C
CONTROL
Four kilograms of Portland cement were brought in Philord Hardware

located at Hulong Duhat, Malabon City. All replicates including the control
will have the same proportion of 250 grams of cement.
REPLICATE A
REPLICATE C
REPLICATE B
CONTROL
II.
17
PREPARATION OF MOLDER
The researchers used a prepared molder to give definite shape to
the product. It is made of cardboard and an acetate film. It is cut, shaped
and taped together to resemble a rectangular molder with the following
dimensions: 2.54cmx10.16x12.7cm. Twenty molders were made in a half
size illustration board and 5 pieces of acetate film. The rectangular molder
will be used to prepare the composite for crashing method test and flexural
tes
The molder to be used for the compression and water absorption
test is shaped in a dimension of 5.08cm x 5.08cm x 5.08cm area. A total of
32 molders were made out of a full illustration board and a 2 pcs of acetate
film.
III.
PREPARATION OF REPLICATES AND CONTROL

The cement bonded composite mixture with human hair is the experimental
group. Human hair is added to standard cement bonded composite mixture of 250g
18
of sand, 250g of cement and 110mL of water. Three different proportions of human
hair is added to the concrete mixture varying from 1.25% (6.25g of hair), 2.50%
(12.5g of hair), and 3.75% (18.75g of hair). The 1.25% concentration is labeled
Replicate A, the 2.50% concentration for Replicate B and the 3.75% concentration for
Replicate C. The control group has no hair. A total of 16 bricks were made out of 250
g of sand and cement.
For the preparation of each replicate for the experimental group, the sand,
cement, water and human hair concentration is mix in a plastic container thoroughly.
The mixture was transferred to the prepared molder and filled up the rim. It was set
to dry for 3 days under the heat of the sun form 8:00am to 3:00pm. Four samples of
this proportion was made to constitute each replicate.
19
For the control group a 250 grams of sand, 250 grams of cement and
110 mL of water mixed thoroughly in a plastic container. No human hair
was added. The composite was transferred to the prepared molder and
filled up to the rim. It was set to dry for 3 days under the heat of the sun
from 8:00 am to 3:00 pm. Four samples of this proportion was made to
constitute control. Physical description was observed for all 16 samples after
obtaining the samples.
IV.
TREATING OF REPLICATES BEFORE TESTING

The samples of replicates including the control undergo several
treatments before subjecting to different test.
TREATMENT NO. 1 No Treatment
TREATMENT NO. 2 Heated to 100oC.
A sample of each experimental group including the control
was heated to a temperature of at least 100oC for one hour using an
oven. After heating it was left to cool before subjecting the composite
to different mechanical test. Physical description of the samples were
recorded and tabulated.
20
TREATEMENT NO. 3 Submerge in Fresh Water

A sample of each experimental group including the control was
submerge in fresh water for 14 days under 0.5 meter deep using a
bucket. After 14 days all samples were set to dry before subjecting the
composite to different mechanical test. Physical description of the
samples was noted before and after the treatment.
These treatment is done to resemble the submerging of the
concrete caused by rain water floods.
REPLICATE
A
REPLICAT
EB
REPLICATE
C
CONTROL
21
TREATMENT NO. 4 Submerge in Salt Water

A sample of each experimental group including the control was
submerge in salt water for 14 days under 0.5 meter deep in the sea
inside a fishnet basket. After 14 days all samples were set to dry before
subjecting the composite to different mechanical test. Physical
description were noted before and after treatment
These treatment is done to resemble the submerging of the
concrete caused by high tides.
V.
TESTING
The method of test to determine the effectivity of the human hair as
reinforcement to composite are the following:
a. Simple Crashing Test,
b. ASTM C293 Flexure Test,
22
c. ASTM C109 Compression Test, and

d. ASTM D570 swelling test.
SIMPLE CRASHING TEST

The researchers performed the simple crashing test by dropping the samples
of each replicate at different heights with a 0.25m interval. The procedure is done
repeatedly until the concrete cracks or break.
The amount of impact force acted on the cement bonded composite at different
height of fall was determined using the formula:
=
Where:
REPLICATE A
1
2
2
F = force of impact
m = mass
vf2= final velocity squared
d = height of fall
REPLICATE B
REPLICATE C
CONTROL
23
ASTM C293 - BREAKING LOAD OF FLEXURE TEST

The researchers prepared 16 treated samples to be tested by the Department of
Science and Technology Industrial Technology Development Institute for the breaking
of load flexure test. The test was conducted by an analyst of the DOST-ITDI on October
20, 2014. When the researchers obtained the raw data from the DOST, it was tabulated,
analyzed and interpreted to form a conclusion.
ASTM C109 COMPRESSIONAL TEST and ASTM D570 WATER ABSORPTION TEST
To researchers again commissioned the DOST-ITDI to conduct the compressional
and swelling test of the 16 different treated replicates. The analyst of the DOST-ITDI
conducted the test last December 10, 2014. The obtained raw data was tabulated,
analyzed and interpreted by the researchers to form a conclusion.
24
PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Table 1
Proportion of Components in each Replicates
Replicate
Sand
Cement
Hair
Water
250 g
250 g
6.25 g
110 ml
250 g
250 g
12.5 g
110 ml
250 g
250 g
18.75 g
110 ml
Control
250 g
250 g
0g
110 ml
Table 1 shows the different amount of components used in the preparation

of the human hair bonded composite. It can be noted that the amount of sand
(250g), cement (250g) and water (110 mL) are the same for all replicates including
the control. In experimental group the replicate A contains 6.25g (1.25%),
replicate B has 12.5 g (2.50%) and 18.75 g (3.75%) for replicate C. The control
group has no hair.
Table 2
Physical Characteristics of the Replicates before and after Treatment
Replicate
A
B
C
Control
Before Treatment
After Treatment
Rough, uneven surface, light

gray color, mild pungent smell
Rough, uneven surface, dark
gray color, strong pungent smell
gray color, no pungent smell

Rough, uneven surface, dark
gray color, strong pungent smell
gray color, no pungent smell
25
Table 2 shows the physical observation of the treated replicates before and after.
It shows that in general no change in color, odor, appearance are observed before and
after the treatement.
Table 3
RESULT OF CRASHING TEST OF TREATED REPLICATES PER TREATMENT
Rank
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
A1 (1.25%)
392.20
397.20
393.04
396.36
537
0.75
394.7
B1 (2.50%)
730.68
734.3
730.35
734.65
598
1.25
732.5
C1 (3.75%)
1426.77
1427.43
1429.93 1429.27
583
2.5
1428.35
Control 1
555.75
556.24
557.15
554.85
556
0.25
136.22
A2 (1.25%)
701.05
702.27
705.25
704.03
574
1.25
703.15
B2 (2.50%)
C2 (3.75%)
Control 2
735.10
1550.87
136.33
735.30
1548.72
134.36
737.34 737.14
1548.39 1550.54
136.62 135.06
601
575
553
1.25
2.75
0.25
736.22
1549.63
135.59
2
1
4
A3 (1.25%)
945.51
943.89
944.43
946.05
551
1.75
944.97
B3 (2.50%)
C3 (3.75%)
Control 3
569.11
1004.29
288.76
569.53
1001.11
289.55
567.51 567.27
1002.27 1005.45
291.40 290.61
580
585
592
1
1.75
0.5
568.4
1003.28
289.95
3
1
4
A4 (1.25%)
290.04
288.16
288.44
289.76
590
0.5
289.10
B4 (2.50%)
C4 (3.75%)
Control 4
293.17
442.90
283.32
295.24
442.04
282.89
295.81
441.61
285.51
293.74
443.33
285.08
601
602
580
0.5
0.75
0.5
294.49
442.47
284.17
2
1
4
HEATED
NO TREATMENT
Replicate
SUBMERGE IN
FRESH WATER
Computed
Impact
Force
(Newton)
SUBMERGE IN
SALT WATER
Max.
Height
(meter)
Average
Mass
(grams)
Table 3 shows that result of the crashing test conducted on different replicates
for every treatments. For No Treatment, Replicate C1 (18.75g hair) breaks with a
calculated impact force of 1428.35 N. Replicate B1 (13g hair) ranked second with a force
of 732.55N followed by replicate A1 (6.25g hair) with 394.7N mean force. The control
breaks at the height of only 0.25 m with an impact force of 136.22N. This shows that
26
concrete mixture with higher human hair concentration exhibit greater impact force
strength.
For Heated, Replicate C2 (18.75 g) human hair recorded an impact force of
154.963N. Replicates A2 (6.25g hair) and B2 (12.5g hair) register a force of 703.15N and
736.22N respectively. The control ranked last with a total force of 135.59N. It can be
noticed that replicate A2 (6.25g hair) with less concentration of hair has little impact force
difference than Replicate B2 (12.5g hair). However, when compared to Replicate C2
(18.75g hair) an increment of impact force is noticed. The result indicates that a heated
replicates with greater concentration of human hair increases the composite crashing
strength.
For submerge in fresh water, Replicate C3 (18.75 g hair) breaks at an impact force
of 1003.28N. Replicate A3 (6.25g hair) ranked second with a force of 944.97N. Replicate
B3 (12.5g hair) ranked third with an impact force of 568.40N. Last in rank is the control
with a mean force of only 289.95N. Replicate A3 (6.25g hair) in this particular treatment
exhibit greater impact force as to Replicate B3 (12.5g hair) but when compared to
Replicate C3 (18.75g hair) the increment of strength is greater. Therefore it can be
inferred that higher concentration of hair in the cement mixture submerge in fresh water
provides greater resistance to high impact force.
For submerge in salt water, the result of crashing shows that Replicate C4 (18.75g
hair) got an impact force of 442.47N. Replicate B4 (12.5 g hair) has 294.49N. Third in
rank is Replicate A4 (6.25 g hair) has an impact force of 289.10N. The control has 284.17N
impact force. The data clearly shows that replicates with higher concentration of human
27
hair in the production of the cement bonded composite submerge in salt water strengthen
the concrete. It can be noticed that the height of fall in this group is lesser than in other
treatment. It indicates that concretes submerge in salt water breaks easily.
Table 4
Summary of Simple Crashing Test of Replicates in Different Treatment
A (1.25%)
B (2.5%)
C (3.75%)
Control
Mean
Rank
No
Treatment
(N)
394.70
732.50
1428.35
136.22
672.94
3
Heated
(N)
703.15
736.22
1549.63
135.59
781.15
1
Submerged in
Fresh Water
(N)
944.97
568.40
1003.28
289.95
701.65
2
Submerged in
Salt Water (N)
289.10
294.49
442.47
284.17
327.56
4
Mean
RANK
582.98
582.90
1105.93
211.48
2
3
1
4
Summary of Results for Simple Crashing Test of Replicates in

Different Treatments
1800
1600
1400
FORCE (N)
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
No Treatment
Heated
Submerged in Fresh Water Submerged in Salt Water
TREATMENTS
Rep A (1.25%)
Rep B (2.50%)
Rep C (3.75%)
Control
Figure 1. Bar Graph of Summary of the Crashing Test for Different Treatment
28
Table 4 shows the summary of the result of the crashing test conducted on each
replicates in four different treatments. In terms of concentration of hair in the concrete,
Replicate C (18.75g hair) got the highest mean of 1105.93N. Followed by Replicate A
(6.25g hair) with 582.97N. Third in rank is Replicate B (12.5g hair) with a mean score of
582.90N. Last in rank is the control with only 211.48N. The data shows that higher
concentration of hair in the concrete mixture gives additional strength. Although Replicate
A (6.25g hair) as compared to Replicate B (12.5g hair) register little increment but when
compared to Replicate C the increment of impact force is greater than Replicate A. It can
be inferred that greater amount of hair provides greater impact force to the concrete.
In terms of impact force received by different replicates on every treatment.
Heated replicates register a highest mean of 781.15N. Replicates submerged in fresh
water rank 2 with a mean of 701.65N while replicates with no treatment rank third with
a mean impact force of 672.94N. Replicates submerged in salt water got the lowest mean
of 327.56N. The data reveals that when concrete is immerse in salt water it reduces
strength while replicates that was heated the human hair reinforce the concrete. It can
be inferred that concretes that are wet reduces its strength in terms of impact.
29
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF HYPOTHESIS (Simple Crashing Test)

I.
Problem: Is there a significant difference in the crashing strength of the treated

II.
Hypothesis:
H0= There is no significant difference in the crashing strength of the treated
Hi= There is a significant difference in the crashing strength of the treated
III.
Level of Significance:
dfBET = k-1 4-1= 3
n-k 16-4=12
Tabular value at 0.5 significance= 3.49
IV.
Statistics:
No Treatment
Heated
Submerge in Fresh Water
Submerge in Salt Water
=
Replicate A
Replicate B
Replicate C
Control
X1
3
3
2
3
11
X2
2
2
3
2
9
X3
1
1
1
1
4
X4
4
4
4
4
16
12
9
9
4
9
31
X22
4
4
9
4
21
1
1
1
1
4
X23
X24
16
16
16
16
64
30
Analysis of Variance Table

Sources of
Variation
Between
groups K-1
Within groups
(N-1)(K-1)
Total N-1
V.
Df
Mean squares
Sum of
squares
18.5
12
5.5
0.46
6.17
F value
computed Value
13.41
3.49
13.41
3.49
15
Decision:
13.41 > 3.49, reject H, significant
VI.
Conclusion:
Since, the computed F value 13.41 is greater than the tabular value of
3.49 the null hypothesis is rejected .There is a significant difference in the
crashing strength of the treated replicates to the control.
RESULT OF THE BREAKING LOAD IN FLEXURE TEST

The researchers commissioned the DOST-ITDI to perform the breaking load
flexure test of the different treated replicates with varying human hair proportions. A total
of 16 composites were tested for flexure strength.
Flexure Breaking Load Test Conducted by the DOST-ITDI

A. Raw Data Sheet
31
B. Report of Analysis
32
33
34
Table 5
RESULT OF BREAKING LOAD IN FLEXURE TEST OF
TREATED REPLICATES PER TREATMENT
SUBMERGE IN
SALT WATER
SUBMERGE IN
FRESH WATER
HEATED
NO TREATMENT
Replicates
Length (mm) Width (mm) Thickness (mm) Load (N) Rank
A1 (1.25%)
127
96.00
22.49
1273
B1 (2.50%)
135
96.67
23.09
1336
C1 (3.75%)
128
102.67
22.87
1789
Control 1
127
102.00
22.54
1224
A2 (1.25%)
126
97.33
20.91
1458
B2 (2.50%)
128
102.33
23.43
1602
C2 (3.75%)
128
101.00
20.37
1861
Control 2
134
94.33
22.52
1061
A3 (1.25%)
129
99.00
21.78
1437
B3 (2.50%)
131
105.33
23.02
1499
C3 (3.75%)
124
96.67
22.24
1723
Control 3
131
101.67
22.00
1212
A4 (1.25%)
128
98.33
22.57
1783
B4 (2.50%)
131
105.00
22.20
1618
C4 (3.75%)
129
99.67
21.79
1814
Control 4
131
107.33
21.21
1062
Length of Span = 100 mm
Table 5 shows the result of the breaking load in flexure test of treated replicates
in different treatment. For No Treatment, Replicate C1 (18.75g hair) ranked first
withstanding a load of 1789N. Replicate B1 (12.5g hair) ranked second with a flexing load
of 1336N. Replicate A1 (6.25g hair) ranked 3 with a 1273N load. The control rank last
with only 1224N load before breaking. The data shows that the treated replicates with
35
greater hair additives manifest a greater flexure strength as compared to the control
given no treatment.
For Heated replicates, First in rank is Replicate C2 (18.75g hair) with a breaking
load of 1861N. Replicate B2 (12.5g of hair) ranked second having a 1602N. Replicate A2
(6.25g of hair) ranked third enduring a 1458N load. The control ranked last with only
1061N load before breaking. The following replicates were heated to 100oC of
temperature for one hour. The data shows that the heated replicates with greater hair
additives exhibit an increase in the flexure strength as compared to the control.
For Submerge in Fresh Water Treatment, replicate C3 (18.75g hair) ranked first
with a load of 1723N. Replicate B3 (12.5g hair) ranked second that has 1499N load.
Replicate A3 (6.25g of hair) ranked third with a 1437N load. The control ranked last with
only 1212N load before breaking. All replicates were submerged in fresh water for the
period of 14 days under 0.5 meter deep before undergoing flexure test. The treated
replicates shows an increased in the flexural strength as the concentration of the hair
increases.
For Submerge in Salt Water Treatment, Replicate C4 (18.75g hair) ranked first
with 1814N. Followed by replicate A4 (6.25g of hair) with a braking a 1782N. Replicate
B4 (12.5g of hair) ranked third with 1618N load. The control ranked last with only 1062N
load before breaking. The four replicates were submerged in salt water for a period of 14
days at the depth of 0.5 meter before subjecting to flexural test. The data shows a little
increment in terms of flexure difference between Replicate A4 (6.25g hair) as compared
to Replicate B4 (12.5g hair) but when compared to Replicate C4 (18.75g hair) the flexural
36
strength increases. This shows that the treated replicated with human hair additives with
higher hair concentration reinforce the concrete in terms of flexing strength as compared
to the control.
Table 6
SUMMARY OF RESULT FOR FLEXURE TEST OF REPLICATES
IN DIFFERENT TREATMENTS
Replicates
No
Treatment
(kN)
Heated
(kN)
Submerged
in Fresh
Water
(kN)
Submerged
in Salt water
(kN)
Mean
(kN)
RANK
A (1.25%)
1.273
1.458
1.437
1.783
1.488
B (2.50%)
C (3.75%)
Control
Mean (kN)
Rank
1.336
1.789
1.224
1.401
4
1.602
1.861
1.061
1.496
2
1.499
1.723
1.212
1.468
3
1.618
1.814
1.062
1.569
1
1.514
1.797
1.140
2
1
4
Summary of Result for Breaking Load of Flexure Test of Replicates

in Different Treatment
2
1.8
1.6
LOAD (kN)
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
No Treatment
Heated
Submerged in Fresh Water
Submerged in Salt water
TREATMENTS
A (1.25%)
B (2.50%)
C (3.75%)
Control
Figure 2. Bar Graph of Flexure Test Result for Replicates in Different Treatments
37
Table 6 shows the summary of the result for the breaking load in flexure of
replicates in different treatments. For varying hair concentration, Replicate C (8.75g hair)
ranked first with a flexural strength of 1.797kN. Second in rank is Replicate B (12.5g hair)
with a flexural strength of 1.514kN. Replicate A is third in rank with flexural strength of
1.488kN. The control ranked last with only 1.140kN flexural strength. It can be inferred
that greater concentration of hair in the concrete mixture can increase the flexural
strength of the concrete.
Among the different treatments conducted on the replicates before testing,
replicates submerged to salt water register a mean score of 1.569kN. Followed by
replicates that are heated got a mean of 1.401kN. Third in rank are replicates submerged
in fresh water with a mean score of 1.468kN. Replicates with no treatment got a mean
score of 1.401kN. This shows that replicates submerged in salt water are better
strengthen in terms of flexural strength with the addition of human hair. The graph shows
(figure 2) that replicates C (18.75g hair) have high mean score as compared to other
replicates.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF HYPOTHESIS (Breaking Load Flexure Test)

I.
Problem: Is there a significant difference in the flexural strength of the treated

II.
Hypothesis:
H= There is no significant difference in the flexural strength of the treated
38
Hi = There is a significant difference in the flexural strength of the treated

III.
dfBET = k-1 4-1= 3
n-k 16-4=12
IV.
Statistics:
No Treatment
Heated
Submerge in Fresh Water
Submerge in Salt Water
=
Replicate A
Replicate B
Replicate C
Control
X1
3
3
3
2
11
X2
2
2
2
3
9
X3
1
1
1
1
4
X4
4
4
4
4
16
12
9
9
9
4
31
X22
4
4
4
9
21
1
1
1
1
4
X23
X24
16
16
16
16
64

Sources
of
Variation
Between
groups K-1
Within groups
(N-1)(K-1)
Total N-1
V.
df
3
Sum
squares
18.5
12
1.5
of Mean squares
15
Decision:
49.36 > 3.49, reject H, significant
6.17
F value
computed Value
49.36
3.49
0.125
49.36
3.49
VI.
39
Conclusion:
Since, the computed value 49.36 is greater than the tabular value of 3.49
the null hypothesis is rejected .There is a significant difference in the flexure
strength of the treated replicates to the control.
Result of the Compression Test

The researchers prepared a total of 16 pieces 2x2x2 inches treated concrete
composites to the DOST-ITDI for compression test. The raw data obtained from the
DOST-ITDI was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by the researchers to formulate a
valid conclusion.
Raw Data of the Compression Test performed by the DOST-ITDI
40
RESULT OF THE WATER ABSORPTION TEST

CONDUCTED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYINDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE
RESULT TO BE RELEASED ON DECEMBER 19, 2014
41
42
43
SUBMERGE IN
SALT WATER
SUBMERGE IN
FRESH WATER
HEATED
NO
TREATMENT
Table 7
RESULT OF THE COMPRESSION TEST OF TREATED REPLICATES
PER TREATMENT
Replicates
Length
(mm)
Width
(mm)
Thickness
(mm)
Area
(mm2)
Load
(kN)
Compression
A1 (1.25%)
52.07
49.81
50.54
2593.61
5.110
1.97
B1 (2.50%)
53.00
53.31
48.34
2825.43
5.917
2.09
C1 (3.75%)
53.87
54.52
53.67
2936.99 21.039
7.16
Control 1
56.04
54.26
50.82
3040.73
2.139
0.70
A2 (1.25%)
53.10
52.50
51.42
2787.75 21.458
7.70
B2 (2.50%)
56.73
53.96
49.48
3061.15 28.357
9.26
C2 (3.75%)
54.18
53.38
48.93
2892.13 32.300
11.17
Control 2
53.36
50.59
51.10
2699.48
4.349
1.61
A3 (1.25%)
52.99
49.92
51.85
2645.42
6.560
2.48
B3 (2.50%)
52.41
51.37
51.01
2692.30 10.922
4.06
C3 (3.75%)
50.62
50.68
48.46
2565.42 46.705
18.21
Control 3
55.00
53.37
51.01
2692.30 10.922
4.06
A4 (1.25%)
56.18
55.75
49.22
3132.04 26.635
8.50
B4 (2.50%)
52.82
53.44
51.08
2822.70 29.292
10.38
C4 (3.75%)
52.79
52.96
49.20
2795.76 38.814
13.88
Control 4
50.93
51.25
49.35
2610.16 16.853
6.46
MPa
Rank
Rate of Load = 1.8kN/sec

Table 7 shows that result of the compression test performed on treated replicates.
For No treatment, Replicate C1 (18.75g hair) ranked first with the highest compressional
strength of 7.16MPa. Replicate B1 (12.5g hair) ranked second and has a compressional
value of 2.09MPa. Third in rank is Replicate A1 (6.25 g hair) with a compressional strength
of 1.97MPa. The control having no hair is last in rank with 0.70MPa. It shows that greater
44
amount of human hair to the concrete mixture can increase the compressional strength
of the composite.
For Heated, Replicate C2 (18.75g hair) with a compressional strength of 11.17MPa.
Second is replicate B2 (12.5g hair) with 9.26MPa. Replicate A2 (6.25g hair) ranked third
with a compressing strength of 7.70MPa. The control ranked last with 1.61MPa. Heated
Replicates that has higher concentration of hair exhibit greater compressing strength.
For Submerge in Fresh Water treatment, Replicate C3 (18.75g hair) is ranked first
with a compressional strength of 18.21MPa. Second in rank is replicate B3 (12.5g hair)
with 4.06MPa. Replicate A3 (6.25g hair) ranked third with 2.48 MPa. The control has a
compressional strength of 4.06 MPa. It can be inferred that greater hair concentration on
replicates that are submerged in fresh water give greater compressional strength.
For Submerge in Salt Water treatment, Replicate C4 (18.75g hair) ranked first with
a compressional strength of 13.88MPa. Second in rank is replicate B4 (12.5g hair) with
10.38Ma and Replicate A4 (6.25 g hair) ranked third with 8.50MPa. The control ranked
last with a compressional strength of 6.46MPa. Again, it can be concluded that increasing
the amount of hair in the mixture of the concrete can increase the compressional strength
of the replicates submerge in salt water.
45
Table 8
SUMMARY OF COMPRESSION TEST OF REPLICATES IN DIFFERENT TREATMENT
A (1.25%)
B (2.50%)
C (3.75%)
Control
Mean
Rank
No
Treatment
(MPa)
1.97
2.09
7.16
0.70
2.98
4
Submerged in
Fresh Water
(MPa)
2.48
4.06
18.21
4.06
7.20
3
Heated
(MPa)
7.70
9.26
11.17
1.61
7.44
2
Submerged
in Salt water
(MPa)
8.50
10.38
13.88
6.46
9.81
1
Average
Rank
5.163
6.448
12.605
3.208
3
2
1
4
Summary of the Compressional Test Result for Replicates in

Different Treatments
20
18
PRESSURE (MPa)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
No Treatment
Heated
Submerged in Salt Water
TREATMENTS
A (1.25%)
B (2.50%)
C (3.75%)
Control
Figure 3. Bar Graph of the Compression Test for Replicates in Different Treatments
Table 8 presents the summary of result of the compression test of replicates in

different treatments. In terms of result in percent concentration of hair, Replicate C
(18.75g hair) has a mean pressure of 12.605MPa. Second is Replicate B (12.5g hair) with
46
6.448MPa and followed by Replicate A (6.25g hair) with a score of 5.163MPa. The control
got the lowest mean of 3.208MPa. The data shows that increasing the concentration of
hair in the concrete mixture can strengthen the compressional strength of the composite.
The graph shows that replicates submerged in salt water got a mean score of
9.81MPa. Heated replicates ranked second obtaining 7.44MPa and submerge in fresh
water replicates followed with a registered mean pressure of 7.20MPa. Replicates that
has no treatment showed the lowest compressional strength of 2.98MPa. From the data
it can be inferred that adding hair to the concrete can give higher compressional strength
to replicates that are submerged in salt water.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF HYPOTHESIS (Compression Test)

I.
Problem: Is there a significant difference in the compressional strength of the

treated replicates to the control?
II.
Hypothesis:
H= There is no significant difference in the compressional strength of the
treated replicates to the control.
Hi = There is a significant difference in the compressional strength of the
III.
dfBET = k-1 4-1= 3
n-k 16-4=12
47

IV.
Statistics:
Not treated
Exposed to extreme heat
Submerged in water
=
REPLICATE A
REPLICATE B
REPLICATE C
CONTROL
X1
3
3
3
3
12
X2
2
2
2
2
8
X3
1
1
1
1
4
X4
4
4
4
4
16
12
9
9
9
9
36
X22
4
4
4
4
16
1
1
1
1
4
X23
X24
16
16
16
16
64

Sources
of
Variation
Between
groups K-1
Within groups
(N-1)(K-1)
Total N-1
V.
Df
3
Sum
squares
20.00
12
18.00
of Mean squares
6.67
F value
computed Value
4.45
3.49
1.5
4.45
3.49
15
Decision:
4.45 > 3.49, reject Ho, significant
VI.
Conclusion:
the null hypothesis is rejected. There is a significant difference in the
compressional strength of the treated replicates to the control.
48
RESULT OF WATER ABSORPTION TEST

The researchers prepared 16 pieces of 2x2x2 inches treated concrete for swelling
test at DOST-ITDI. The raw data was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by the
researchers in order to come up with a valid conclusion.
49
50
Table 9
RESULT OF THE WATER ABSORPTION TEST OF TREATED REPLICATES
PER TREATMENT
SUBMERGE IN
SALT WATER
SUBMERGE IN
FRESH WATER
HEATED
NO
TREATMENT
Replicates
Original
Wet
Weight (g) Weight (g)
Increase in
Weight (%)
RANK
Observation
A1 (1.25%)
184.90
205.10
10.92
No change in Color and physical appearance
B1 (2.50%)
238.20
249.50
4.74
C1 (3.75%)
263.70
271.10
2.81
Control 1
237.20
263.60
11.13
A2 (1.25%)
238.20
251.30
5.50
B2 (2.50%)
272.20
285.80
5.00
C2 (3.75%)
270.80
281.80
4.06
Control 2
241.00
256.30
6.35
A3 (1.25%)
230.00
239.90
4.30
B3 (2.50%)
275.20
283.00
2.83
C3 (3.75%)
235.90
240.10
1.78
Control 3
243.50
259.50
6.57
A4 (1.25%)
271.90
277.00
1.88
B4 (2.50%)
305.60
308.20
0.85
C4 (3.75%)
323.70
325.10
0.43
Control 4
214.80
223.30
3.96
Table 9 shows the result of the water absorption of the treated replicates per
treatment. For No Treatment, Replicate C1 (18.75g hair) showed the least percentage of
weight increase of 2.81%, followed by Replicate B1 (13g of hair) with a 4.47% weight
increase. Replicate A1 (6.5g hair) ranked third with 10.92% weight increase and the
control obtained the highest weight increase of 11.13%. All replicates displayed no
change in color and physical appearance. Low increase in weight percentage indicates
less water is absorbed by the concrete. The data shows that replicates that are not treated
51
and with greater concentration of hair have less water absorbed indicating that the
concrete less porous.
For Heated treatment, Replicate C2 (18.75g hair) have the least percentage of
weight increase of 4.06%. Replicate B2 (13g hair) is second in rank with a 5.00% and
Replicate C2 (6.5 g hair) with 5.50% of weight increase. Last in rank is the control having
the highest weight increase of 6.35%. All replicates displayed no change in color and
physical appearance. The data revealed that concrete mixture with greater concentration
of human hair that undergo heating exhibits less water intake.
For Submerge in Fresh Water treatment, Replicate C3 (18.75g hair) showed least
percentage of weight increase of 1.78 %. Replicate B3 (13g hair) ranked second with
2.83 % and Replicate C3 (6.5g hair) followed next with 4.30 % weight increase. Last in
rank is the control having the highest weight increase of 6.57%. All replicates displayed
no change in color and physical appearance. Replicates with greater amount of hair has
less weight increase, meaning less water can penetrate the concrete. It can also observed
that replicates that are treated to water submersion before the test marks a decrease in
the percentage of weight gain as compared to treatment.
For Submerge in Salt Water treatment, Replicate C4 (18.75g hair) ranked first with
weight increase of 0.43%. Replicate B4 (13g hair) ranked second with 0.85% and
Replicate A4 (6.5g hair) followed next with 1.88% weight increase. The control ranked
last with the highest weight increase of 3.96%. All replicates displayed no change in color
and physical appearance. Data shows that greater amount of hair in the preparation of
52
the concrete mixture lessen the chances of swelling as indicated by a drop in the weight
gained.
Table 10
SUMMARY OF SWELLING TEST RESULTS OF REPLICATES
IN DIFFERENT TREATMENTS
Replicates
A (1.25%)
B (2.50%)
C (3.75%)
Control
Mean
Inc. Wt.
RANK
No
Treatment
10.92
4.47
2.81
11.13
7.4
Heated
5.50
5.00
4.06
6.35
5.23
Submerged in
Fresh Water
4.30
2.83
1.78
6.57
3.37
Submerged
in Salt water
1.88
0.85
0.43
3.96
1.78
Mean
Inc. Wt.
5.65
3.29
2.27
7.00
Rank
3
2
1
4
Summary of Swelling Test Result for Replicates in Different

Treatments
PERCENTAGE DIFFERENCE (%)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
No Treatment
Heated
TREATMENTS
A (1.25%)
B (2.50%)
C (3.75%)
Control
Figure 4. Bar Graph of Swelling Test Result for Replicates in Different Treatments
53
Table 10 shows the summary of the weight increase of treated replicates. For
concentration of hair, Replicate C (18.75g hair) have the least percentage weight increase
of 2.27%. Followed by Replicate B (13g of hair), Replicate A (6.25g hair) rank third with
5.65% increase. The control registered the highest increase in weight of 7.00%. Data
shows that the greater concentration of hair in the concrete mixture will reduce concrete
water absorption.
Among different treatments, replicates that are submerge in salt water register
the least weight increase of 1.78%. Submerge in fresh water replicates followed with a
3.57% and the heated replicates ranked third with 5.23% weight increase. The replicates
with no treatment showed the highest weight gain of 7.4%. The data shows that the
addition of hair in the concrete mixture exhibit less swelling concrete submerge in water.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF HYPOTHESIS (Water Absorption Test)

I.
Problem: Is there a significant difference in the water absorption of the

treated replicates to the control?
II.
Hypothesis:
H= There is no significant difference in the water absorption of the
Hi = There is a significant difference in the water absorption of the
III.
54
dfBET = k-1 4-1= 3
n-k 16-4=12
IV.
Statistics:
Not treated
Exposed to extreme heat
Submerged in water
=
REPLICATE A
REPLICATE B
REPLICATE C
CONTROL
X1
3
3
3
3
12
X2
2
2
2
2
8
X3
1
1
1
1
4
X4
4
4
4
4
16
12
9
9
9
9
32
X22
4
4
4
4
16
1
1
1
1
4
X23
X24
16
16
16
16
64

Sources
of Df
Variation
Between
3
groups K-1
Within groups 12
(N-1)(K-1)
Total N-1
15
V.
Decision:
Sum
squares
20.00
of Mean squares
18.00
6.67
F value
computed Value
4.45
3.49
1.5
4.45
3.49
4.45 > 3.49, reject Ho, significant

VI.
Conclusion:
the null hypothesis is rejected. There is a significant difference in the water
absorption of the treated replicates to the control.
55
COMPARISON OF THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP AGAINST THE CONTROL GROUP

The obtained result of each test in different treated replicates will be analyzed
and compared against the control. Percentage difference will be computed to determine
the amount of effectiveness of each replicate against the control.
To compute for the percentage difference of the treated replicates to the control
from the different test conducted the following formulas are used:
Difference: first value second value
Average: first value + second value
2
Percentage Difference: between two values divided by the average of the two
values in percentage.
Difference value
x 100%
Average Value
Table 11
COMPARISON OF THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP AGAINST THE CONTROL
ON THE FOUR TEST CONDUCTED
Crashing
Test
% Diff
(kN)
Flexure
Test
Compression
% Diff
(kN)
Test
Swelling
% Diff
(MPa)
Test
% Diff
(%)
A (1.25%)
0.583
93.70
1.488
26.48
5.163
46.86
5.65
21.34
B (2.50%)
0.583
93.70
1.501
27.34
6.448
67.10
3.29
36.05
C (3.75%)
1.106
135.91
1.797
44.74
12.605
118.85
2.27
102.04
Control
0.211
1.140
3.208
7.00
56
Percentage Difference of Treated Replicates Against the Control

160
PERCENTAGE DIFFERENCE (%)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
% Diff
% Diff
% Diff
% Diff
TREATMENTS
A (1.25%)
B (2.50%)
C (3.75%)
Figure 5. Line Graph showing Percentage Difference of Experimental Group against the
Control Group
Table 23 shows the summary of the obtained value of different test conducted in
each replicates. The percentage difference of the treated replicates is compared to the
control. In the impact force test Replicate C (18.75g hair) register a percentage difference
of 67.09% as compared to the control. Replicate B (13g hair) mark a difference of
46.76%. Lowest percentage difference is obtained by Replicate A (6.25g hair) with
46.44%. This shows that human hair can increase the impact force strength of the
concrete by 67% when the mix with a 3.75% concentration by weight. Data also shows
that an increase in the amount of hair yielded favorable result in terms of impact force to
the concrete.
57
For the breaking load of flexure, Replicate C (18.75g hair) exhibit the highest
difference of 22.37% compared from the control. Replicate B (13g hair) follow next with
a 14.09% difference. Third in rank is Replicate A (6.25g hair) with only 0.38% difference.
A 22.37% difference of flexural strength on concrete can be achieved by incorporating
3.75% hair by weight of the composite. The result indicate an increment in the flexure
strength of the concrete as the amount of human hair additives increases in the
composite.
For the compression test, Replicate C (18.75g hair) register a difference of 82.19%
difference to the control. Replicate B (13g hair) got 49.82% difference and Replicate A
(6.25g hair) has only 47.57% difference. The result is parallel to the findings of the impact
force test. The greater amount of human hair added to the cement composite gives
additional compressive strength as compared to the concrete without hair. It can give as
much 82.18% increase in compressive strength if 3.75% hair concentration is added to
the percent weight of the concrete.
The water absorption or swelling test, shows that Replicate C (18.75g hair)
indicates a high percentage difference of 51.02% as compared to the control group.
Replicate B (13g hair) has a difference of 36.05% and Replicate A only has 10.67%. The
data indicate better prevention of water absorption can be achieve in concretes with
higher concentration of human hair. A 51.02% increase can be achieve using 3.75% hair
concentration to the preparation of the concrete mixture by its percent weight.
From the graph of percentage difference distribution (figure 5) it clearly shows
that Replicate C (3.75%) tops all the mechanical test conducted on the concrete.
58
Replicate B (2.5%) is at the middle and the Replicate A (1.25%) is at the bottom of the
chart. This indicates that the 3.75% concentration of hair is the best percentage weight
proportion in the production of concrete mixture that will give best result in construction
strong building materials.
CONCLUSIONS
1. Based on the obtained data, Replicate C (3.75%) concentration obtained the
highest mean in all test conducted. It obtained a mean of 4.42kN for crashing test,
1.797kN for flexural strength, 7.16MPa for compression test and 2.27% on swelling
test.
2. The concentration of human hair yielded the best result in the different mechanical
test for each treatment
2.1
No treatment - Replicate C (3.75%) obtain the highest mean for crashing

test (1.428kN), breaking load of flexure test (1.789kN), compression test
(7.16MPa) and lowest in the swelling test (2.81%).
2.2
For Heated - Replicate C (3.75%) again showed favorable result in the

crashing test (1.549kN), breaking load in flexure test (1.861kN),
compression test (11.17MPa) and lowest in the swelling test (4.06%).
2.3
Submerge in fresh water - Replicate C (3.75%) obtained the highest mean

for the crashing test (1.00kN), breaking load in flexure test (1.723kN),
compression test (18.21MPa) and lowest in the swelling test (1.78%).
2.4
Submerge in salt water - Replicate C (3.75%) obtained the highest mean

for the simple crashing test (442.47N), breaking load in flexure test
59
(1.814kN), compression test (13.88MPa) and lowest in the swelling test

(0.43%).
From the data presented it can be concluded that replicate C shows
favorable result in all treatment.
3. The experimental group recorded a percentage difference against the control
composite based on the following test:
3.1 Crashing Test.
Replicate C (18.75g hair) recorded a 135.91% difference to
the control. Replicate B (13g hair) and A (6.25g hair) has both
93.70%.
3.2
Breaking Load of Flexure Test.

Replicate C (18.75g hair) marks a 44.47% difference while
Replicate B (13g hair) and A (6.25g hair) has 27.34% and 26.48%
difference against the control.
3.3
Compression Test
Replicate C (18.75 g hair) got 120.79% difference of pressure
sustain against the control. Replicate B (12.5g hair) has 77.23%
while Replicate A (6.25g hair) has 54.19% difference against the
control.
3.4
Water Absorption Test.
60
Replicate C (18.75g hair) shows a 102.04% difference in

terms of restraining water to enter the concrete as compared to the
control. Replicate B (13g hair) got 36.05% while Replicate A (6.25g
hair) has 21.34% difference against the control.
4. Using the Statistical treatment which is One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) the
researchers have computed the following F value: 13.41 for the simple crashing
test; 49.36 for breaking of flexure test and 4.45 for both compression and water
absorption test. The computed value are all greater than the tabulated value of
3.49. The researchers have concluded that there is a significant difference in the
simple strength test, flexure test, compression test and water absorption test of
the treated replicates to the control.
RECOMMENDATIONS
After the result of the study and the obtained conclusion, the researchers come up
with the following recommendations for the future researchers:
1. Device a better way of uniformly distributing the hair in the mixture of the
concrete. This poses a problem on the consistency of the human hair throughout
the prepared samples. The researchers was force to distribute the hair manually
throughout the concrete making the process longer.
2. Determine if higher concentration of hair from 3.75% can still give a favorable
result on all test conducted.
61
3. Expose the concrete with hair to another treatment like freezing temperature and
windy atmosphere.
4. Use hair in reinforcing other materials such as plastics, rubbers, ceramics and
glass.
5. Combine the human hair with animals or plant fibers in making a reinforced
concrete.
6. Perform other test aside from the three standard test conducted to the concrete
like: Abrasion Test, Air-Entering for Cement Test , Alkali-Reactivity Test, Heat of
Hydration Test and Resistance to freezing test.
62
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Research work demands collaborative effort of many authorities and experts on
the focused fields as well as the service of librarians and staffs of archives. The
researchers wishes to express their deepest gratitude and appreciation to the following
persons who contributed to the successful completion of this undertaking.
Dr. Anna Samaniego, NCR Science Supervisor her encouragement and professional
assistance towards the completion and improvement of this study.
Dr. Ibanez, Division OIC Asst. Superintended, Mrs. Rufina Cuan, Education
Supervisor-Science for their assistance and encouragement to the researchers.
Dr. Fortunato B. Abude, Principal IV of Malabon National High School for his
untiring support and financial assistance for the conduct of laboratory test. Also for his
expert advice in the development of this research work.
Mrs. Anacoreta R. Trogo, MNHS Science Coordinator for her unselfish and
incomparable support in the development of this research work. Her assistance in every
competition this research work have gone through.
Mr. Mark Jason Collantes and Mrs. Myla German, for their valuable assistance in
the completion, submission and have supported the researchers in so many ways.
Ms. Mylene Jamendang, research teacher for her assistance in the computation of
the statistical data of this research.
Dr. Manolo C. Davantes Jr., our project adviser for his professional guidance and
expertise in field of research and for his scholarly advice that contributed much to the
improvement of this study. The untiring and unconditional support inspired the
63
researchers to achieve beyond their expected capacity. For giving us the needed trust,
encouragement and believe in ourselves.
The researchers friends and classmates, IV- their valuable support and
encouragement that gives them joy and strength to continue improving this research
work.
To all the members of the researchers family for their utmost concern, love and
cooperation which provided them the encouragement to complete this work.
Lastly, and above all, to God Almighty, the researchers gives thanks and praises
for His Divine favor in making this investigatory work come true.
IAN JONATHAN P. AUSTRIA

CAMILLE M. SUMANG
LOIS EVANGELINE R. ALAG
64
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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structure of human hair. Ultramicroscopy Amsterdam. Vol. 106, no. 8-9,
2006. pp. 755-764.
Double, D.D., et. al. The Solidification of Cement. Scientific American. July 1977.
Ganiron, T.U., Sustainable Management of Waste Coconut Shells as Aggregates in
Concrete Composite, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review,
Vol. 6, No. 5, 2013, pp. 7-14
Gainor, T.U. Investigation on the Use of Sosrabahu Technology as Road Construction
Technique. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology. Vol.
65. 2014, pp. 27-38.
Ganiron, T. U. Effects of Human Hair Additives in Compressive Strength of Asphalt
Cement Composite. International Journal of Advance Science and Technology
Vol. 67. Australian Institute of Geoscientist, Perth, Australia.
Gupta, Ankush. Human Hair Waste and Its Utilization: Gaps and Possibilities . 2014.
Hindawi Publishing Corporation. Journal of Waste Management Vol. 2014,
Article ID 498018. Retrieved from
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and%20Its%20Utilization%20%20Gaps%20and%20Possibilities.xhtml/8/14
Jain D. and Kothari A, Hair Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Research Journal of Recent
Sciences. Institute of Management and Science. Indore, MP, INDIA. Vol. 1
(ISC-2011), ISSN 2277-2502. Page 128-140. January 2012 Retrieved from :
www.isca.in
Li, Victor C. Field Demonstration of Durable Link Slabs for Joint less Bridge Based on
Strain Hardening Cementitious Composite-Phase 3. Michigan Department
of Transportation. January 2008
Lomborg, B. The Skeptical Environmentalist; Measuring the Real State of the World.
2001 P. 138. ISBN 978-0-521-80447-9
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Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 6. No. 5. 2013, pp. 7-14. Retrieve from
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Robbins, C.R. Chemical and Physical Behavior of Human Hair . 2012, XXIII, Springer.
ISBN: 978-3-642-25610-3 Retrieved from
Robles, M.V, et. al. Hair Fiber characteristics and Methods to Evaluate Hair physic
al and Mechanical Properties. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 45,
2009. Sao Paulo Brazil.
Wilson, A. Hair After Death. Archaeological Sciences. School of Life Sciences.
University of Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7.1DP.UK, 2010
Velasco, M.V. Hair Fiber Characteristics and Methods to Evaluate Hair Physical and
Mechanical Properties. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 45,
n.1. Jan/Mar, 2009. Retrieved from
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Gromicko, N. and Shepard K. Visual Inspection of Concrete. (August 2014). Retrieve
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66

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Human Hair as Reinforcement to

Cement Bonded Composite

National Capital Region

Human Hair as Reinforcement to Cement Bonded Composite

Statement of the Problem

Scope and Delimitation .

Review of Related Literature ..

Review of Related Studies

c. Preparations of Replicates and Control ..

d. Treating of Replicates before Testing ..

Presentation and Interpretation of Data

a.1 Statistical Treatment of Hypothesis for

b. Breaking Load of Flexure Test

b.1 Statistical Treatment of Hypothesis for

Human Hair as Reinforcement to Cement Bonded Composite

c.1 Statistical Treatment of Hypothesis for

d. Water Absorption Test

d.1 Statistical Treatment of Hypothesis for

e. Comparison of the Experimental Group

Human Hair as Reinforcement to Cement Bonded Composite

Proportion of Components in each Replicates.

Physical Characteristics of the Replicates

Result of Crashing Test of Treated Replicates

Summary of Simple Crashing Test of Replicates

Result of Breaking Load in Flexure Test

Summary of Result for Flexure Test of

Result of Compression Test of Treated

Summary of Compression Test of Replicates

Result of the Compression Test of Treated

Summary of Swelling Test Results of

Comparison of Experimental Group Against

Human Hair as Reinforcement to Cement Bonded Composite

Bar Graph of Crashing Test for

Bar Graph of Flexure Test for

Bar Graph of Compression Test for

Bar Graph of Flexure Test for

Line Graph showing the Percentage Difference

Human Hair as Reinforcement to Cement Bonded Composite

Human Hair as Reinforcement to Cement Bonded Composite

Human Hair as Reinforcement to Cement Bonded Composite

Human Hair as Reinforcement to Cement Bonded Composite

Human Hair as Reinforcement to Cement Bonded Composite

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

2.50% concentration, and

submerged in fresh water, and

submerged in salt water?

Human Hair as Reinforcement to Cement Bonded Composite

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

Human Hair as Reinforcement to Cement Bonded Composite

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Human Hair as Reinforcement to Cement Bonded Composite

Human Hair as Reinforcement to Cement Bonded Composite

WHY USE HAIR AS ADDITIVES TO CONCRETE PREPARATION?

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

Human Hair as Reinforcement to Cement Bonded Composite

Another (Ganiron, T. Effects of Human Hair Additives in Compressive Strength of

Human Hair as Reinforcement to Cement Bonded Composite

Four kilograms of sand were brought in Philord Hardware located in

Four kilograms of Portland cement were brought in Philord Hardware

Human Hair as Reinforcement to Cement Bonded Composite

PREPARATION OF REPLICATES AND CONTROL

Human Hair as Reinforcement to Cement Bonded Composite