Innovative Logistics Solutions, Inc.

And
The Pyromex Group

MUNICIPAL, SOLID
WASTE TREATMENT
OVERVIEW AND
ASSESSMENT
ILS, Inc copyright @ 2003

Rev 1.3

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

MISSION
STATEMENT
To safeguard human
health and the
environment by using
the latest technology
to provide efficient
and cost-effective,
environmentally
friendly industrial
and domestic waste
management and
disposal.

TM

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

WASTE STATISTICS

ANNUAL WASTE ACCUMULATION

Country

USA

Canada

Netherland

Switzerland

Japan

Great Britain

Germany

Spain

France

1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0

Italy

kilos in 1989

PER INHABITANT IN KILOS

TM

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

WASTE STATISTICS

This picture illustrates the quantity

of trash produced by an average
American family per year
(over 3 tons)

TM

Innovative Logistics Solutions, Inc.

And
The Pyromex Group

COMPARISON OF
AVAILABLE
TECHNOLOGIES

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

LANDFILL

Inexpensive, but most dangerous

solution

Sooner or later uncontrolled chemical

reactions will occur

Creation of explosive methane gases

Great danger to ground water and the
environment

TM

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

SANITIZED
LANDFILL
A Ground Water
B Compacted Clay
C Plastic Liner
D Leach Collection Pipe
E Geotextile Mat
F Gravel
G Drainage Layer
H Soil Layer
I Old Cells
J New Cells
K Leach Pond

Costs are approx. US$ 40.-/ton

Monitoring of gases required for over

100 years

Ground water decontamination partly

prevented by expensive lining system
installed in the dump prior to filling

TM

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

TM

STANDARD
INCINERATION

C
A Waste Acceptance
B Combustion Chamber

C Slag Remover E Drier

G Active Carbon Filter
D Steam Boiler F Gas Scrubber

Proven technology for volume reduction

Creation of air pollution and highly toxic

ashes

Problematic disposal of created ashes

(approx. 25% of input)

Costs vary between US$ 200.-/ton and

US$ 600.-/ton

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

INCINERATION

WITH DIOXIN BREAKER

C
B
A
D
A
B
C
D

Waste Acceptance
Incinerator
Heat Recovery / Boiler
Gas Scrubber

Proven technology for volume

reduction

Air pollution is reduced at relatively

high costs

Problem of highly toxic residue ashes

remains

TM

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

STANDARD
PYROLYSIS
Waste
Reception

Pyrolysis

Scrubber

Ferrous and NonFerrous Metals

Char

Waste Water
Treatment

Sulfur
Salts
Heavy Metals

Relatively expensive

Problematic disposal of created char

residue (toxic)

Permanent operating problem with

tar and oils

TM

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

PLASMA ARC
Power
Supply

Rear
Water
Cooling
System

Cooled
Field Coil

Gas

Rear Insulator
Electrode

Vortex Gas
Injection Chamber

Front
Water
Cooling
System

Starting
Electrode

Front
Power Supply
Electrode

Totally destroys all organics, but shows

inefficient energy balance

Small throughput
Expensive operation and maintenance,
approx. US$ 1000.-/ton

TM

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

ULTRAHIGH TEMPERATURE

PYROLYSIS-HYDROLYSIS

PYR MEX

TM

1
2
3
4
5
6

5
3

Infeed
Cooled infeed auger
Reactor
Pyrogas
Solid particles outfeed
Oxygen free storage
tanks

4
6

No residues or toxic emissions

Very economical

Great efficiency in recovering 100% of

the energy contained in waste materials

TM

Innovative Logistics Solutions, Inc.

And
The Pyromex Group

ENVIRONMENTAL
REGULATIONS

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

ENVIRONMENTAL
STANDARDS

FOR AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION

The German environmental standards
for air pollution prevention are the most
vigorous in the world:
Caln base

O2

Dust

10 mg/Nm3 or less

HCI

10 mg/Nm3 or less

SOx

50 mg/Nm3 or less

NOx

200 mg/Nm3 or less

CO

50 mg/Nm3 or less

Dioxin

0.1 Ng-TEG/Nm3 or less

Hg

0.1 mg/Nm3 or less

Cd

0.1 mg/Nm3 or less

Pd

4 mg/Nm3 or less

TM

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

EMISSION LIMITS

FOR WASTE TREATMENT PLANTS

HCL (mg/Nm3)

50

50

24

30

41

HF (mg/Nm3)

---

---

---

SOx (mg/Nm3)

100

300

30

300

100

NOx (mg/Nm3)

240

---

514

350

200

CO (mg/Nm3)

100

100

63

---

---

Cd (mg/Nm3)

0.1

---

---

0.1

---

Hg (mg/Nm3)

0.1

---

---

0.1

---

Dioxin (TEQ-ng/Nm3)

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

---

TM

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

TM

LEGISLATION FOR
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

AUSTRIA aims to ban landfill of organics

(>5%) by 2004
SWITZERLAND bans landfill of
combustible waste
FRANCE bans landfill of combustible
waste by 2002
DENMARK bans landfill of combustible
waste
NETHERLANDS bans landfill of
combustible waste, paper and cardboard,
municipal waste landfill is banned since
2000
GREAT BRITAIN targets recycling of 25%,
currently achieves only 6%

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

ORGANICS
REDUCTION
Pyromex guarantees the reduction
of organics to less than >1%
(German laws require >5%)

<0.05

TM

Innovative Logistics Solutions, Inc.

And
The Pyromex Group

ENERGY
CONTAINED IN
WASTE

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

CALORIFIC VALUES
Secondary
Energy Material
Braun coal
Cardboard
Citrus peels
Car tires
Household waste (presorted)
Hospital waste
Manure (dried)
Neoprene
Nylon
Oil sludge
Paper
Paraffin
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Polystyrol EPS
Rubber
Sewage sludge (dried)
Tar and refinery residues
Tar acid
Textiles
Wood

approx.
kcal/kg
4,500
3,800
4,500
8,300
4,500
6,780
3,760
7,100
7,570
8,800
4,400
10,340
10,990
11,030
9,800
5,600
3,300
9,200
5.600
4,000
4,200

approx.
kW/kg
5.2
4.4
5.2
9.6
5.2
7,8
4.4
8.2
8.8
10.2
5.1
12.1
12.7
12.8
11.3
6.5
3.8
10.7
6.5
4.6
4.8

TM

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

TM

REALITY

1
CONTAINER

The energy of 1 container

of yogurt (0.3 ltr) keeps a
light bulb glowing for 1 hour

1
HOUR

The waste put into a dust bin over 1 year

contains enough energy to heat water
for
500 bath
or
3,500 showers
or
keep the TV on
for 500 hours

Innovative Logistics Solutions, Inc.

And
The Pyromex Group

MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE
TREATMENT

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

CONCEPT PLAN

FOR A MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

TREATMENT FACILITY
100%
Municipal
Solid Waste
Weigh
Bridge

Administration
Building

Recycled
Materials
to Market

Electricity
to Market

FE
NFE
AL

Storage

Sorting
Recycling
Shredding

Storage

Power
Generation

Inert
Sand

GASIFICATION

Gas
Storage

TM

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

PLANNING
Suitability of municipal, solid
waste as energy source
Plant sizing
Site selection
Calculation of recoverable energy
Negotiation of energy sales
agreement
Strategy for risk taking and
guarantees
Setup of Pyromex municipal solid
waste treatment plant beneficial
to all parties involved and
environmentally friendly

TM

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

TM

TECHNOLOGY SELECTION
CONSIDERATIONS

ENVIRONMENT

CO2 Control
DXNs Control
Emission Control
Landfill Control

ECONOMY

Cost Control
Profit
Growth

ENERGY

Energy Recovery
High Efficiency
Utilization / Sale

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

WASTE COLLECTION
Choosing the most suitable collection
method
Container with Cover System
Covered Container

Arm Roll

Dust Drum & Packer System

Dust Drum

Packer

Compactor & Container System

Container
Compactor

Arm Roll

TM

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

PRINCIPAL POINTS
OF PYROMEX
Treatment of waste materials, not
simply a reduction in volume!
Recycling of valuable materials and
energy recovery, not only waste
treatment!
A profitable business, not just a
break-even scenario!
An environmental education center,
not just a waste treatment plant!
Meeting highest and most severe
environmental rules and
regulations!

TM

PYR MEX

ILS, Inc.

PLANT LAYOUT

TM

50 t/d PLANT

A Storage area
B Control room
C Janitor

D Administration office
E Lab
3
16

2
1

C
8

5
6

E
10

15
13

14

18
13

9
11

12

70m

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Weigh bridge
Weigh control
Parking
Receiving bin
Preshredder
FE separation
NFE separation
Secondary shredder
Conveyors

10 Feed silo for reactors

11 Storage silos
12 Infeed system
13 Reactors
14 Collection of inorganics
15 Scrubber
16 Gas tanks
17 Gas engine and Generator
18 Induction coolers

26m

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

SUPPORT EQUIPMENT
Typical List for a 50 t/d Plant

Skip loader

5m3 dump truck

5 ton fork lift

5,000 gal. Water truck

Facility and parking lot Street Sweeper

Low profile shuttle with 3 trailers

6-cylinder pick-up truck

Fire prevention unit

Standard 4-door automobiles

Flatbed truck

On-site 8,000 gal. water tower

Stationary 53,000 gal. water tank for fire

Knuckle boom

TM

ILS, Inc.

PYR MEX

ESTIMATED MANPOWER
REQUIREMENT

Plant Engineer

Secretary

---

Accounting

---

---

---

---

Ground Maintenance

Helpers

TOTAL

15

18

TM