CASR PART 60 Amdt.0

REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION
CIVIL AVIATION SAFETY REGULATION (CASR)
PART 60
SYNTHETIC TRAINING DEVICES
LAMPIRAN PERATURAN MENTERI PERHUBUNGAN

NOMOR
: KM 56 Tahun 2010
TANGGAL
: 12 Oktober 2010
CIVIL AVIATION SAFETY REGULATIONS

(C.A.S.R.)
PART 60
REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION
PART 60
Page
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUBPART A - GENERAL..............................................................................................1
60.1
Applicability ..........................................................................................1
60.3
Definition...............................................................................................1
SUBPART B - FLIGHT SIMULATORS AND FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICES ................3

60.5
Qualification levels...............................................................................3
60.7
Application for flight simulator qualification or flight training

device qualification ..............................................................................3
60.9
Initial evaluation and qualification 4
60.11
Issue of flight simulator qualification certificate or flight training

device qualification certificate. 4
60.13
Period of validity of flight simulator qualification or flight training

device qualification. 4
60.15
Recurrent evaluation of qualified flight simulator or qualified flight

training device.................. 5
60.17
Variation, revocation or suspension of flight simulator qualification

or flight training device qualification.. 5
60.19
Reserved ...............................................................................................5
60.21
Quality system......................................................................................5
60.23
Ongoing fidelity requirements ............................................................6
60.25
Modification of qualified flight simulator or qualified flight

training devices ....................................................................................6
60.26
Operation with missing, malfunctioning, or inoperative

components 7
60.27
Change in qualification level of qualified flight simulator or

qualified flight training device.............................................................7
60.29
Deactivation, relocation or reactivation of qualified flight

simulator or qualified flight training device.......................................7
60.31
Change of operator of qualified flight simulator or qualified

flight training device ............................................................................8
60.33
DGCA Evaluation..................................................................................8
60.35
Records.................................................................................................8
60.36
Applications, logbooks, reports, and records: Fraud, falsification,

or incorrect statements 9
Table of Contents
APPENDIX A - General Requirement Level of Synthetic Training DevicesAeroplane 10

APPENDIX B - General Requirement Level of Synthetic Training DevicesHelicopter 30
Table of Contents
ii
SUBPART A - GENERAL
60.1
Applicability
This Part applies to synthetic training devices that may be used by a person
to gain aeronautical experience.
60.3
Definitions
Full Flight Simulator (FFS) a replica of a specific type, make, model, or series
aircraft. It includes the equipment and computer programs necessary to represent
aircraft operations in ground and flight conditions, a visual system providing an
out-of-the-flight deck view, a system that provides cues at least equivalent to those
of a three-degree-of-freedom motion system, and has the full range of capabilities
of the systems installed in the device as described in part 60 of this chapter and
the QPS for a specific FFS qualification level.
Flight Training Device (FTD) a replica of aircraft instruments, equipment, panels,
and controls in an open flight deck area or an enclosed aircraft flight deck replica.
It includes the equipment and computer programs necessary to represent aircraft
(or set of aircraft) operations in ground and flight conditions having the full range of
capabilities of the systems installed in the device as described in part 60 of this
chapter and the qualification performance standard (QPS) for a specific FTD
Master Qualification Test Guide (MQTG) The authority approved test guide which
incorporates the results of tests witnessed by the authority. The MQTG serves as
the reference for future evaluations
Qualification Test Guide (QTG), for a synthetic training device, means a document
that:
(a) shows that:
(i) the performance and handling qualities of the synthetic training device agree,
within the limits set out in the Manual of Standards, with those of the aircraft
to which it relates; and
(ii) all applicable requirements in these Regulations have been met; and
(b) includes the following information that relates to the matters mentioned in
paragraph (a):
(i) data relating to the performance and handling qualities of the aircraft and
synthetic training device;
(ii) the validation tests, and all functions and subjective tests for the device.
Certificate holder is a person who seeks or maintains synthetic training devices
qualification and is responsible for the prescribed actions as prescribed in this
part.
CASR 60/Amdt. 0/ 12 October 2010
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Qualification level, for a flight simulator or flight training device, has the meaning given
by this part.
Statement Of Compliance (SOC) - Statement of Compliance and Capability.
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SUBPART B : FLIGHT SIMULATORS AND FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICES
60.5
(a)
Qualification levels
The qualification level of a flight simulator is the level met by the simulator
determined in accordance with the simulator standards level in the Appendices
CASR 60 mentioned in the following table :
ITEM
1
2
3
4
LEVEL
A
B
C
D
: (b) The qualification level of a flight training device is the level met by the simulator
determined in accordance with the standards in the Appendices CASR 60
mentioned in the following table:
ITEM
1
LEVEL
Level 1
2
Level 2
3
Level 3
4
Level 4
5
Level 5
6
Level 6
7
Level 7
60.7 Application for flight simulator qualification or flight training device

qualification
(a) The applicant of a flight simulator or flight training device may apply to DGCA, in
writing, for qualification of the simulator or device.
(b) An application must include:
(1) a Qualification Test Guide (QTG) for the simulator or device; and
(2) a document describing the quality system that the operator proposes to use to
satisfy this regulation.
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60.9
Initial evaluation and qualification
(a) If DGCA receives an application for the qualification of a flight simulator or flight
training device, DGCA must conduct an evaluation (an initial evaluation) of the
simulator or device, including consideration of:
(1) any inspection or trial of the simulator or device; and
(2) the data provided in the QTG; and
(3) information available from any test conducted during the initial evaluation.
(b) If, after the initial evaluation, DGCA is satisfied that:
(1) the operators quality system will be suitable for the simulator or device; and
(2)
the simulator or device meets a qualification level; DGCA must qualify the
simulator or device at the qualification level.
(c) DGCA may qualify a simulator or device that will simulate a new type of aircraft for
which fully validated aircraft data is not available at an interim qualification level that
is based on partially validated aircraft data.
(d) An interim qualification level applies for the period agreed between DGCA and the
operator of the simulator or device.
(e) If DGCA qualifies a simulator or device, it must at the same time approve the QTG
for the simulator or device.
60.11 Issue of flight simulator qualification certificate or flight training device
qualification certificate
(a) DGCA must issue a flight simulator qualification certificate to the operator of a flight
simulator, or a flight training device qualification certificate to the operator of a flight
training device, if DGCA qualifies the simulator or device.
(b) The certificate must include the name of the operator and:
(1) include information identifying the simulator or device; and
(2) specify the aircraft that is simulated by the simulator or device; and
(3) specify the qualification level for the simulator or device.
60.13 Period of validity of flight simulator qualification or flight training device
qualification
(a) (a) A flight simulator qualification or flight training device qualification is valid for:
(1) 12 months from the month of issue of the flight simulator qualification certificate
or flight training device qualification certificate; or
(2) if a shorter period is specified in the certificate that period.
(b) However, a qualification ceases to be valid if:
(1) the simulator or device is deactivated or relocated; or,
(2) there is a change of certificate holder of the simulator or device; or,
(3) it is revoked by DGCA; or,
(4) it is surrendered to DGCA
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(c) A qualification is no longer valid for the period of any suspension imposed by
DGCA.
60.15 Recurrent evaluation of qualified flight simulator or qualified flight training
device
(a) The certificate holder of a qualified flight simulator or qualified flight training device at
least 60 days before the expiry of the flight simulator qualification or flight training
device qualification, ask DGCA, in writing, to conduct an evaluation (a recurrent
evaluation) of the simulator or device.
(b) Subject to section 60.9 (c) and section 60.11 apply in respect of a recurrent
evaluation in the same way as they apply to the initial evaluation.
(c) During a recurrent evaluation, a qualified flight simulator or qualified flight training
device must be assessed against:
(1) the qualification level at which the simulator or device was qualified at the initial
qualification or accreditation of the simulator or device; or
(2) if DGCA has changed the qualification level since the initial evaluation the
qualification level as changed.
60.17 Variation, revocation or suspension of flight simulator qualification or flight

training device qualification
(a) DGCA may, by notice in writing to the certificate holder of a qualified flight simulator
or qualified flight training device, vary, revoke or suspend the qualification of the
simulator or device if:
(1) the simulator or device no longer meets the qualification level specified in its
qualification certificate; or
(2) the certificate holder has failed to comply with a requirement of this Part in
relation to the simulator or device.
(b) If an certificate holder receives a notice of variation or revocation under paragraph
(a) of this section, the certificate holder must return the qualification certificate to
DGCA at least 14 days after receiving the notice.
(c)
If DGCA varies a qualification, DGCA must reissue the qualification certificate

specifying the qualification as varied.
60.19 (Reserved)
60.21 Quality system
(a) The certificate holder of a qualified flight simulator or qualified flight training device
must establish and maintain a quality system that ensures the correct operation and
maintenance of the simulator or device.
(b) The quality system must cover at least the following matters:
(1) quality policy;
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(2) management responsibility;

(3) document control;
(4) resource allocation;
(5) quality procedures;
(6) internal audit.
60.23 Ongoing fidelity requirements
must, progressively during the 12 months after the issue of the applicable flight
simulator qualification certificate or flight training device qualification certificate,
perform:
(1) all validation tests mentioned in the master QTG for the simulator or device; and
(2) all functions and subjective tests within the current (and any planned) training
program (or an equivalent sample approved by DGCA).
(b) The requirement of paragraph (a) of this section must be fulfilled on four-monthly
basis.
(c) The certificate holder must establish a configuration management system to ensure
the continued integrity of the equipment and software of the simulator or device.
(d) The certificate holder must maintain an on-going modification program to ensure that
the equipment, software and performance of the simulator or device accurately
simulates the aircraft specified in the certificate.
(e) The certificate holder must notify each user of the simulator or device, before its use,
if the simulator or device is unsuitable for any training, testing or checking sequence
specified in the certificate.
60.25 Modification of qualified flight simulator or qualified flight training devices
must notify DGCA, in writing, if it proposes to modify the equipment or software of
the simulator or device in a way that will change the characteristics of the simulator
or device.
(b) If DGCA receives a notice, DGCA may conduct an evaluation (a special
evaluation) of the simulator or device as it is proposed to be modified.
(c) Subject to paragraph (d) and (e), section 60.9 and 60.11 of this part apply in respect
of a special evaluation in the same way as they apply to the initial evaluation.
(d) If DGCA decides not to conduct a special evaluation:
(1) the operator may make the proposed modification of the simulator or device;
and
(2) the flight simulator or flight training device qualification continues to be in
force.
(e) During a special evaluation, a simulator or device must be assessed against:
(1) the qualification level at which the simulator or device was qualified at the
initial qualification or accreditation of the simulator or device; or
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(f) This regulation does not apply to the modification of a device for the purpose of a
change in the qualification level of the simulator or device.
60.26 Operation with missing, malfunctioning, or inoperative components.
(a) No person may knowingly use or allow the use of or misrepresent the capability of
an flight simulator or flight training device for any maneuver, procedure, or task that is to
be accomplished to meet training, evaluation, or flight experience requirements of this
chapter for flight crewmember certification or qualification when there is a missing,
malfunctioning, or inoperative (MMI) component that is required to be present and
correctly operate for the satisfactory completion of that maneuver, procedure, or task.
(b) Each MMI component as described in paragraph (a) of this section, or any MMI
component installed and required to operate correctly to meet the current Statement of
Qualification, must be repaired or replaced within 30 calendar days, unless otherwise
required or authorized by the DGCA
(c) A list of the current MMI components must be readily available in or adjacent to the
flight simulator or flight training device for review by users of the device.
Electronic access to this list via an appropriate terminal or display in or adjacent
to the flight simulator or flight training device is satisfactory. The discrepancy log
may be used to satisfy this requirement provided each currently MMI component
is listed in the discrepancy log.
60.27 Change in qualification level of qualified flight simulator or qualified flight
training device
may ask DGCA, in writing, to change the qualification level of the simulator or device.
(b) If DGCA receives a request under paragraph (a), it must conduct a special evaluation
of the simulator or device, applying the standards in the Appendices.
(c) If DGCA changes the qualification level, it must:
(1)
approve any resulting amendments to the master QTG of the simulator or

device; and
(2) issue a revised flight simulator qualification certificate or flight training device
qualification certificate.
60.29 Deactivation, relocation or reactivation of qualified flight simulator or
qualified flight training device
must notify DGCA, in writing, if the simulator or device is deactivated.
(b) A certificate holder must notify DGCA, in writing, before the operator reactivates or
relocates a simulator or device, and DGCA may then conduct a special evaluation
of the simulator or device.
(c) During a special evaluation, a flight simulator or flight training device must be
assessed against:
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(1) the qualification level at which the simulator or device was qualified at the initial
qualification or accreditation of the simulator or device; or
60.31 Change of certificate holder of qualified flight simulator or qualified flight
training device
must notify DGCA, in writing, of any proposed change of certificate holder of the
simulator or device.
(b) If there is a change of certificate holder of a simulator or device:
(1) the former certificate holder must give to the new certificate holder the records
mentioned in section 60.35 of this part that apply to the simulator or device; and
(2) the new certificate holder may apply to DGCA, in writing, for qualification of the
simulator or device.
(c) An application under paragraph (b) (2) must be accompanied by a plan of transfer
setting out in detail how the new certificate holder will comply with the requirements
of this part.
(d)
If DGCA is satisfied that the new certificate holder is able to comply with the
requirements of this part, DGCA must:
(1) approve the plan; and
(2)
issue a new flight simulator qualification certificate or flight training device

qualification certificate.
60.33 DGCA Evaluation Teams

DGCA may:
(a) Arrange for an evaluation mentioned in this section to be conducted by a DGCA
evaluation team; and
(b) DGCA will appoint a person to be an evaluation team leader, having regard to the
skills, qualifications and experience necessary to undertake the evaluation.
60.35 Records
must keep the following records relating to the simulator or device for at least 2
years after the simulator or device is decommissioned:
(1) the master QTG and Results of the qualification evaluations (initial and each
upgrade) since the issuance of the original Statement of Qualification.
(2) modification records;
(3) quality system records.
(4) A record of all discrepancies entered in the discrepancy log over the previous 2
years, including the following:
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(i) A list of the components or equipment that were or are missing,

malfunctioning, or inoperative.
(ii) The action taken to correct the discrepancy.
(iii) The date the corrective action was taken.
(iv) The identity of the person determining that the discrepancy has been
corrected.
(b) The certificate holder must also keep the results of each test carried out under
section 60.23 (a) for the simulator or device for at least 2 years after the test.
(c) If there is a change of certificate holder of a simulator or device, the new certificate
holder must keep the records and test results relating to the simulator or device that
were kept by the former certificate holder.
60.36 Applications, logbooks, reports, and records: Fraud, falsification, or

incorrect statements.
(a) No person may make, or cause to be made, any of the following:
(1) A fraudulent or intentionally false statement in any application or any
amendment thereto, or any other report or test result required by this part.
(2) A fraudulent or intentionally false statement in or a known omission from any
record or report that is kept, made, or used to show compliance with this part, or
to exercise any privileges under this part.
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APPENDIX A
GENERAL REQUIREMENT LEVEL OF SYNTHETIC TRAINING DEVICES AEROPLANE
(1) This paragraph describes the general simulator requirements described in table A1.
TABLE A1: Standard Requirement for Flight Simulator
Requirements
A B C D
Comments
1. GENERAL
a) Flight deck: a full-scale replica of the X X X X Flight deck observer seats
aeroplane simulated. Direction of
are not considered to be
movement of controls and switches
additional flight crew member
identical to that in the aeroplane.
duty stations and may be
Equipment for operation of the
omitted (See 1 f)) below).
cockpit windows should be included
Bulkheads containing items
in the flight simulator, but the actual
such as switches, circuit
windows need not be operable.
breakers, supplementary
Note:
The flight deck, for flight
radio panels, etc. to which
simulator purposes, consists of all
the flight crew may require
that space forward of a cross
access during any event after
section of the fuselage at the most
pre-flight cockpit preparation
extreme aft setting of the pilots'
is complete are considered
seats. Additional required flight crew
essential and may not be
member duty stations and those
omitted.
required bulkheads aft of the pilot
Bulkheads containing only
seats are also considered part of the
items such as landing gear
flight deck and shall replicate the
pin storage compartments,
aeroplane.
fire axes or extinguishers,
spare light bulbs, aircraft
document pouches etc. are
not considered essential and
may be omitted. Such items,
or reasonable facsimile, shall
still be available in the flight
simulator but may be
relocated to a suitable
location as near as practical
to the original position. Fire
axes and any similar purpose
instruments need only be
represented in silhouette.
b) Circuit breakers that affect
procedures and/or result in
observable flight deck indications
properly located and functionally
accurate.
X X X X
c) Flight dynamics model that accounts X X X X For Level A, generic ground

for various combinations of drag and
handling, flare and
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Requirements
thrust normally encountered in flight
corresponding to actual flight
conditions, including the effect of
change in aeroplane attitude, thrust,
drag, altitude, temperature, gross
mass, moments of inertia, centre of
gravity location and configuration.
A B C D
Comments
touchdown effect are
acceptable.
d) All relevant instrument indications

X X X X Numerical values shall be
involved in the simulation of the
presented in accordance with
applicable aeroplane to
ICAO Annex 5.
automatically respond to control
movement by a flight crew member
or external disturbance to the
simulated aeroplane, i.e., turbulence
or wind shear.
e) Communications, navigation and
caution and warning equipment
corresponding to that installed in the
applicable aeroplane with operation
within the tolerances prescribed for
the applicable airborne equipment.
X X X X
f)
X X X X
In addition to the flight crew member

duty stations, three suitable seats
for the instructor/observer and
authority inspector. The authority
will consider options to this
requirement based on unique flight
deck configurations. These seats
shall provide adequate vision to the
pilots' panels and forward windows.
Observer seats need not represent
those found in the aeroplane, but
shall be adequately secured to the
floor of the flight simulator, fitted
with positive restraint devices and of
sufficient integrity to safely restrain
the occupant during any known or
predicted motion system excursion.
g) Flight simulator systems to simulate X X X X

the applicable aeroplane system
operation, both on the ground and in
flight. Systems shall be operative to
the extent that all normal, abnormal
and emergency operating
procedures can be accomplished.
h) Instructor controls to enable the
operator to control all required
system variables and insert
X X X X
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Requirements
abnormal or emergency conditions
into the aeroplane systems.
A B C D
i)
Control forces and control travel

which correspond to that of the
replicated aeroplane. Control forces
should react in the same manner as
in the aeroplane under the same
flight conditions.
X X X X
j)
Ground handling and aerodynamic

programming to include:
X X X X SOC required. Tests

required.
1) Ground effect. For example:

round-out, flare and touchdown.
This requires data on lift, drag,
pitching moment, trim and
power in ground effect.
2) Ground reaction. Reaction of
the aeroplane upon contact with
the runway during landing to
include strut deflections, tyre
friction, side forces and other
appropriate data, such as weight
and speed, necessary to identify
the flight condition and
configuration.
Comments
For Level A flight simulators,

ground handling may
generically be represented to
the extent that allows turns
within the confines of the
runway and adequate control
on the landing and roll-out
from a cross-wind landing.
3) Ground handling
characteristics. Steering inputs
to include cross-wind, braking,
thrust reversing, deceleration
and turning radius.
k) Wind shear models which provide
training in the specific skills required
for recognition of wind shear
phenomena and execution of
required manoeuvres. Such models
shall be representative of measured
or accident derived winds, but may
include simplifications which ensure
repeatable encounters. For
example, models may consist of
independent variable winds in
multiple simultaneous components.
Wind models should be available for
the following critical phases of flight:
X X Tests required. See Section

3.2 Test 2 g).
1) prior to take-off rotation;

2) at lift-off;
3) during initial climb;
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Requirements
A B C D
Comments
4) short final approach.

Note: The United States Federal
Aviation Administration (FAA) Wind
shear Training Aid, wind models
from the United Kingdom Royal
Aerospace Establishment (RAE),
the Joint Airport Weather Studies
(JAWS) project or other recognised
sources may be implemented and
shall be supported and properly
referenced in the QTG. Wind
models from alternative sources
may also be used if supported by
aeroplane related data and such
data are properly supported and
referenced in the QTG. Use of
alternative data must be coordinated
with the authority prior to
submission of the QTG for approval.
l)
Representative cross-winds and

instructor controls for wind speed
and direction.
m) Representative stopping and

directional control forces for at least
the following runway conditions
based on aeroplane related data:
X X X X
X X SOC required. Objective

tests required for 1), 2), 3).
Subjective check for 4), 5),
6). See Section 3.2 Test 1 e).
1) dry;
2) wet;
3) icy;
4) patchy wet;
5) patchy icy;
6) wet on rubber residue in
touchdown zone.
n) Representative brake and tyre
failure dynamics (including antiskid)
and decreased braking efficiency
due to brake temperatures based on
aeroplane related data.
X X SOC required. Subjective

test required for decreased
braking efficiency due to
brake temperature, if
applicable.
o) A means for quickly and effectively

conducting daily testing of flight
simulator programming and
hardware.
X X SOC required.
p) Flight simulator computer capacity,

accuracy, resolution and dynamic
response to fully support the overall
X X X X SOC required.
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Requirements
flight simulator fidelity.
q) Control feel dynamics which
replicate the aeroplane simulated.
Free response of the controls shall
match that of the aeroplane within
tolerance given in Section 3.2. Initial
and upgrade evaluations will include
control-free response (pitch, roll and
yaw controllers) measurements
recorded at the controls. The
measured responses shall
correspond to those of the
aeroplane in take-off, cruise and
landing configurations.
A B C D
Comments
X X Tests required. See Section

3.2, Tests 2 b) 1), 2 b) 2) and
2 b) 3).
See Section 3.3.1 for a
discussion of acceptable
methods of validating control
dynamics.
1) For aeroplanes with irreversible

control systems, measurements
may be obtained on the ground
if proper pitot static inputs are
provided to represent conditions
typical of those encountered in
flight. Engineering validation or
aeroplane manufacturer
rationale shall be submitted as
justification to ground test or to
omit a configuration.
2) For simulators requiring static
and dynamic tests at the
controls, special test fixtures will
not be required during initial
evaluations if the QTG shows
both test fixture results and
alternate test method results,
such as computer data plots,
which were obtained
concurrently. Repeat of the
alternate method during initial
evaluation may then satisfy this
requirement.
r)
Verify the relative response of the

Test required. See Section
visual system, flight deck
3.2, Test 4 a) and AC 60-3
instruments and initial motion
Section 11.
system response to ensure that they X X
For Level A and B simulators
are coupled closely to provide
the maximum permissible
integrated sensory cues. Visual
delay is 300 milliseconds.
scene changes from steady state
X X For Level C and D simulators
disturbance, i.e., the start of the
the maximum permissible
scan of the first video field
delay is 150 milliseconds.
containing different information,
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Requirements
shall occur within the permissible
delay. Motion onset shall also occur
within the permissible delay. Motion
onset should occur before the start
of the scan of the first video field
containing different information; but
shall occur before the end of the
scan of the same video field. The
test to determine compliance with
these requirements shall include
simultaneously recording the output
from the pilot's pitch, roll and yaw
controllers, the output from the
accelerometer attached to the
motion system platform located at
an acceptable location near the
pilots' seats, the output signal to the
visual system display (including
visual system analogue delays) and
the output signal to the pilot's
attitude indicator or an equivalent
test approved by the authority. The
following two methods are
acceptable means to prove
compliance with the above
requirement:
A B C D
Comments
1) Transport Delay. A transport

delay test may be used to
demonstrate that the flight
simulator system response does
not exceed the permissible delay.
This test shall measure all the
delays encountered by a step
signal migrating from the pilot's
control through the control
loading electronics and
interfacing through all the
simulation software modules in
the correct order, using a
handshaking protocol, finally
through the normal output
interfaces to the motion system,
to the visual system and
instrument displays. A recordable
start time for the test should be
provided by a pilot flight control
input. The test mode shall permit
normal computation time to be
consumed and shall not alter the
flow of information through the
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Requirements
hardware/ software system. The
transport delay of the system is
then the time between the control
input and the individual hardware
responses. It need only be
measured once in each axis.
A B C D
Comments
2) Latency. The visual system,

flight deck instruments and initial
motion system response shall
respond to abrupt pitch, roll and
yaw inputs from the pilot's
position within the permissible
delay, but not before the time,
when the aeroplane would
respond under the same
conditions. The objective of the
test is to compare the recorded
response of the flight simulator
to that of the actual aeroplane
data in the take-off, cruise and
landing configuration for rapid
control inputs in all three
rotational axes. The intent is to
verify that the simulator system
response does not exceed the
permissible delay (this does not
include aeroplane response time
as per the manufacturers data)
and that the motion and visual
cues relate to actual aeroplane
responses. For aeroplane
response, acceleration in the
appropriate corresponding
rotational axis is preferred.
s) Aerodynamic modelling that
includes, for aeroplanes issued an
original type certificate after June
1980, low altitude level flight ground
effect, Mach effect at high altitude,
normal and reverse dynamic thrust
effect on control surfaces,
aeroelastic effect and
representations of non-linearities
due to side-slip based on aeroplane
flight test data provided by the
aeroplane manufacturer.
X SOC required. See Section

3.3.2 and Section 3.2, Test 2
f) for further information on
ground effect. Mach effect,
aeroelastic representations
and non-linearities due to
side-slip are normally
included in the flight
simulator aerodynamic
model. The SOC shall
address each of these items.
Separate tests for thrust
effects and an SOC are
required.
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Requirements
t)
A B C D
Modelling that includes the effects of

airframe and engine icing.
Comments
X X A statement of compliance
shall be provided describing
the effects, which provide
training in the specific skills
required for recognition of
icing phenomena and
execution of recovery.
u) Aerodynamic and ground reaction

modelling for the effects of reverse
thrust on directional control.
X X X SOC required. Tests

required. See Section 3.2,
Test 2. e) 8) and 2. e) 9).
v) Realistic implementation of
X X X X SOC required. SOC should
aeroplane mass properties,
include a range of tabulated
including mass, centre of gravity
target values to enable a
and moments of inertia as a function
demonstration of the mass
of payload and fuel loading.
properties model to be
conducted from the
instructors station.
w) Self-testing for simulator hardware
and programming to determine
compliance with the simulator
performance tests as prescribed in
Section 3.2. Evidence of testing
must include flight simulator
number, date, time, conditions,
tolerances and the appropriate
dependent variables portrayed in
comparison to the aeroplane data.
Automatic flagging of out-oftolerance situations is encouraged.
X X SOC required. Tests

required.
x) Timely permanent update of flight

simulator hardware and
programming subsequent to
aeroplane modification sufficient for
the qualification level sought.
X X X X
y) Daily pre-flight documentation either

in the daily log or in a location easily
accessible for review.
X X X X
2. MOTION SYSTEM
a) Motion cues perceived by the pilot
representative of aeroplane
motions, e.g., touchdown cues
should be a function of the
simulated rate of descent.
b) A motion system:
X X X X
1) providing sufficient cueing which X

may be of a generic nature to
accomplish the required tasks.
SOC required. Tests

required.
Page 17
Requirements
2) having a minimum of 3 degrees
of freedom (pitch, roll and
heave).
3) which produces cues at least
equivalent to those of a six
degree-of-freedom synergistic
platform motion system.
A B C D
Comments
X X
c) A means of recording the motion

response time as required.
X X X X See Section 3.2, Test 4 a).
d) Motion effects programming to

include:
X X X X See Section 3.3.4 and

Section 3.4.
1) effects of runway rumble, oleo

deflections, ground speed,
uneven runway, centreline
lights, and taxiway
characteristics;
For Level A, effects may be

of a generic nature sufficient
to accomplish the required
tasks.
2) buffets on the ground due to

spoiler/speedbrake extension
and thrust reversal;
3) bumps associated with the
landing gear;
4) buffet during extension and
retraction of landing gear;
5) buffet in the air due to flap and
spoiler/speedbrake extension;
6) approach to stall buffet;
7) touchdown cues for main and
nose gear;
8) nose-wheel scuffing;
9) thrust effect with brakes set;
10) Mach and manoeuvre buffet;
11) tyre failure dynamics;
12) engine malfunction and engine
damage;
13) tail and pod strike.
e) Motion Vibrations. Tests with
recorded results that allow the
comparison of relative amplitudes
versus frequency are required:
X SOC required. Tests

required.
See Section 3.3.4 and
Section 3.2 Test 3. e).
1) Characteristic motion vibrations

that result from operation of the
aeroplane, in so far as vibration
Page 18
Requirements
A B C D
marks an event or aeroplane
state that can be sensed at the
flight deck, shall be present. The
flight simulator shall be
programmed and instrumented
in such a manner that the
characteristic vibration modes
can be measured and compared
to aeroplane data.
Comments
2) Aeroplane data are also

required to define flight deck
motions when the aeroplane is
subjected to atmospheric
disturbances. General-purpose
disturbance models that
approximate demonstrable flight
test data are acceptable. Tests
with recorded results that allow
the comparison of relative
amplitudes versus frequency are
required.
3. VISUAL SYSTEMS
a) Visual system capable of meeting all X X X X
the standards of this Section,
Section 3.2 (Validation Tests) and
Section 3.4 (Functions and
Subjective Tests).
b) Continuous minimum collimated
visual field of view of 45 degrees
horizontal and 30 degrees vertical
field of view simultaneously for each
pilot.
Continuous cross-cockpit minimum
collimated visual field of view
providing each pilot with 180
degrees horizontal and 40 degrees
vertical field of view. Application of
tolerances require the field of view
to be not less than a total of 176
measured degrees horizontal field of
view (including not less than +/- 88
measured degrees either side of the
centre of the design eye point) and
not less than a total of 36 measured
degrees vertical field of view from
the pilots and co-pilots eye points.
c) A means of recording the visual
response time for visual systems as
X X
See Section 3.2 Test 4. b) 1).

A SOC is acceptable in place
of this test.
X X Consideration should be given
to optimising the vertical field
of view for the respective
aeroplane cut-off angle.
X X X X See Section 3.2 Test 4 a).
Page 19
Requirements
required.
A B C D
Comments
d) System geometry. The system fitted

shall be free from optical
discontinuities and artefacts that
create non-realistic cues, e.g.,
image swimming and image roll-off,
that may lead a pilot to make
incorrect assessments of speed,
acceleration and/or situational
awareness.
X X X X See Section 3.2 Test 4.b) 2.
e) Visual textural cues to assess sink

rate and depth perception during
take-off and landing.
X X X X For Level A, visual cueing

sufficient to support changes
in approach path by using
runway perspective.
f)
X X X X SOC required. Tests

required. See Section 3.4
Test 2. e).
Horizon and attitude shall correlate

to the simulated attitude indicator.
g) Occulting shall be demonstrated.
A SOC is acceptable in place

of this test.
X X
A minimum of ten levels of occulting.
X X
SOC required. See Section

3.4, Test 2. g) 4).
h) Surface (vernier) resolution shall be

demonstrated by a test pattern of
objects shown to occupy a visual
angle of not greater than 2 arc
minutes in the visual display used
on a scene from the pilot's eyepoint.
X X SOC required containing

calculations confirming
resolution. See Section 3.2,
Test 4. b) 5.
i)
Lightpoint size: not greater than 5

arc minutes.
X X SOC required. See

paragraph 3.3.5.1 d). This is
equivalent to a lightpoint
resolution of 2.5 arc minutes.
j)
Lightpoint contrast ratio: not less

than 10:1.
Lightpoint contrast ratio: not less
than 25:1.
k) Daylight, twilight (dusk/dawn) and

night visual capability as applicable
for level of qualification sought.
X X
SOC required. See Section

3.2, Test 4. b) 7.
X X
X X X X SOC required for system

capability.
The visual system shall be capable

X X X X
of meeting, as a minimum, the
system brightness and contrast ratio
requirements as identified in Section
3.2, Test 4. b).
Total scene content shall be
comparable in detail to that
produced by 10 000 visible textured
surfaces and (in day) 6 000 visible
X X Scene content tests are also

requiredsee Section 3.4,
Test 2.
Page 20
Requirements
lights or (in twilight or night) 15 000
visible lights and sufficient system
capacity to display 16
simultaneously moving objects.
A B C D
Comments
The system when used in training,

should provide:
1) In daylight, full colour presentations
and sufficient surfaces with
appropriate textural cues to conduct
a visual approach, landing and
airport movement (taxi). Surface
shading effects should be consistent
with simulated (static) sun position.
X X
2) At twilight, as a minimum, full colour

presentations of reduced ambient
intensity, sufficient surfaces with
appropriate textural cues that
include self-illuminated objects such
as road networks, ramp lighting and
airport signage to conduct a visual
approach, landing and airport
movement (taxi). Scenes shall
include a definable horizon and
typical terrain characteristics such
as fields, roads and bodies of water
and surfaces illuminated by
representative ownship lighting,
e.g., landing lights. If provided,
directional horizon lighting shall
have correct orientation and be
consistent with surface shading
effects.
X X
3) At night, as a minimum, all features X

X X
X
applicable to the twilight scene, as
defined above, with the exception of
the need to portray reduced ambient
intensity that removes ground cues
that are not self-illuminating or
illuminated by ownship lights, e.g.,
landing lights.
4. SOUND SYSTEM
a) Significant flight deck sounds which
result from pilot actions
corresponding to those of the
aeroplane.
b) Sound of precipitation, rain removal
equipment and other significant
aeroplane noises perceptible to the
X X X X
X X SOC required.
Page 21
Requirements
pilot during normal and abnormal
operations and the sound of a crash
when the simulator is landed in
excess of limitations.
A B C D
c) Comparable amplitude and

frequency of flight deck noises,
including engine and airframe
sounds. The sounds shall be
co-ordinated with the required
weather.
Comments
X See Section 3.3.6 and

Section 3.2, Tests 5.a), 5.b)
and 5.c).
d) The volume control shall have an

indication of sound level setting
which meets all qualification
requirements.
X X X X
(2) This paragraph describes the general Flight Training Devices requirements for level
1, 2, and 4, 5, 6 described in table A2.
TABLE A2 :
Standard Requirement for Flight Training Devices Level 1 and Level 2
Qualification General Technical Requirements
Maximum Credits
Level
1
Type specific with at least 1 system fully
Suitable for :
represented
Closed or open flight deck

(Note: Choice of systems simulated is
the
responsibility of the
seeking approval or
Organisation
Selective system
management
credits
(except for pilot manual
control handling skills) as
follow :
part of an approved
conversion/transition
course, recurrent training,
checking
re-approval for the course)

- Type specific
Suitable for :
- All applicable systems fully
represented
- Systems Management
- Closed flight deck
Initial and Recurrent
- Type specific or Generic Flight
training, checking and
Dynamics (but shall be representative
testing, (except pilot
of aircraft performance)
manual control handling
- On board Instructor station
skills i.e. those flight
- Significant sounds
manoeuvres executed via
- Control of atmospheric conditions
the pilots primary flying
- Navigation Data Base (sufficient to
controls).
support aeroplane systems)
Page 22
- Adequate test capability

- Primary flight controls which control
the
- flight path and be broadly
representative of aeroplane control
characteristics.
- CRM Training, as part of

approved course.
- LOFT (Route and area
familiarisation only where
at least
- Level A simulator visual
system fitted).
Standard Requirement for Flight Training Devices for Level 4, 5, and 6

Information
FTD
level
Entry
No.
General FTD requirements
456
Notes
1. General Flight Deck Configuration

1.a.
The FTD must have a flight deck that

is a replica of the airplane simulated
with controls, equipment, observable
flight deck indicators, circuit breakers,
and bulkheads properly located,
functionally accurate and replicating
the airplane. The direction of
must be identical to that in the
airplane. Pilot seat(s) must afford the
capability for the occupant to be able
to achieve the design eye position.
Equipment for the operation of the
flight deck windows must be included,
but the actual windows need not be
operable. Fire axes, extinguishers,
and spare light bulbs must be
available in the flight simulator, but
may be relocated to a suitable location
as near as practical to the original
position. Fire axes, landing gear pins,
and any similar purpose instruments
need only be represented in silhouette
X For FTD purposes, the flight deck

consists of all that space forward of
a cross section of the fuselage at the
most extreme aft setting of the pilots'
seats including additional, required
flight crewmember duty stations and
those required bulkheads aft of the
pilot
seats.
For
clarification,
bulkheads containing only items
such as landing gear pin storage
compartments,
fire
axes
and
extinguishers, spare light bulbs,
aircraft documents pouches are not
considered essential and may be
omitted.
Page 23
1.b.
The FTD must have equipment (e.g., X X

instruments, panels, systems, circuit
breakers, and controls) simulated
sufficiently
for
the
authorized
training/checking
events
to
be
accomplished.
The
installed
equipment must be located in a
spatially correct location and may be
in a flight deck or an open flight deck
area. Additional equipment required
for the authorized training/checking
events must be available in the FTD,
but may be located in a suitable
location as near as practical to the
spatially correct position. Actuation of
equipment
must
replicate
the
appropriate function in the airplane.
Fire axes, landing gear pins, and any
similar purpose instruments need only
be represented in silhouette
2. Programming
2.a.
The FTD must provide the proper X X

effect of aerodynamic changes for the
combinations of drag and thrust
normally encountered in flight. This
must include the effect of change in
airplane attitude, thrust, drag, altitude,
temperature, and configuration
Level 6 additionally requires the
effects of changes in gross weight and
center of gravity
Level 5 requires only
aerodynamic programming
generic
An SOC is required
2.b.
The FTD must have the computer X X X

(analog or digital) capability (i.e.,
capacity, accuracy, resolution, and
dynamic response) needed to meet
the
qualification
level
sought
Page 24
An SOC is required.
2.c.
Relative responses of the flight deck X X The intent is to verify that the FTD
instruments must be measured by
provides instrument cues that are,
latency tests, or transport delay tests,
within the stated time delays, like the
and may not exceed 300 milliseconds.
airplane responses. For airplane
The instruments must respond to
abrupt input at the pilot's position
appropriate,
corresponding
within the allotted time, but not before
rotational
axis
is
preferred.
the time when the airplane responds
Additional information regarding
under the same conditions
Latency and Transport Delay testing
may be found in Appendix A,
Attachment 2, paragraph 15.
Latency: The FTD instrument and, if
applicable, the motion system and the
visual system response must not be
prior to that time when the airplane
responds and may respond up to 300
milliseconds after that time under the
same conditions
Transport Delay: As an alternative to
the Latency requirement, a transport
delay objective test may be used to
demonstrate that the FTD system
does not exceed the specified limit.
The sponsor must measure all the
delay encountered by a step signal
migrating from the pilot's control
through all the simulation software
modules in the correct order, using a
handshaking protocol, finally through
the normal output interfaces to the
instrument display and, if applicable,
the motion system, and the visual
system
3. Equipment Operation
3.a.
All relevant instrument indications X X

airplane must automatically respond to
control
movement
or
external
disturbances to the simulated airplane;
e.g., turbulence or winds
Page 25
3.b.
Navigation equipment
must be X X
installed and operate within the
tolerances applicable for the airplane
Level
6
must
also
include
communication
equipment
(interphone and air/ground) like that in the
airplane and, if appropriate to the
operation being conducted, an oxygen
mask microphone system
Level 5 need have only that navigation
equipment necessary to fly an
instrument approach
3.c.
Installed systems must simulate the X X X

applicable airplane system operation,
both on the ground and in flight.
Installed systems must be operative to
the extent that applicable normal,
abnormal, and emergency operating
procedures included in the sponsor's
training
programs
can
be
accomplished
Level 6 must simulate all applicable
airplane
flight,
navigation,
and
systems operation
Level 5 must have at least functional
flight and navigational controls,
displays, and instrumentation
Level 4 must have at least one
airplane
system
installed
and
functional
3.d.
The lighting environment for panels X X X Back-lighted panels and instruments

and instruments must be sufficient for
may be installed but are not
the operation being conducted
required.
3.e.
The FTD must provide control forces

and control travel that correspond to
the airplane being simulated. Control
Page 26
forces must react in the same manner

as in the airplane under the same
flight conditions
3.f.
The FTD must provide control forces X

and control travel of sufficient
precision to manually fly an instrument
approach
4. Instructor or Evaluator Facilities

4.a.
In addition to the flight crewmember X X X These seats need not be a replica of

stations,
suitable
seating
an aircraft seat and may be as
arrangements for an instructor/check
simple as an office chair placed in
airman and FAA Inspector must be
an appropriate position.
available. These seats must provide
adequate view of crewmember's
panel(s)
4.b.
The FTD must have instructor controls X X X

that permit activation of normal,
abnormal, and emergency conditions
as appropriate. Once activated, proper
system operation must result from
system management by the crew and
not require input from the instructor
controls
5. Motion System (not required)

5.a.
The FTD may have a motion system, X X The motion system standards set
if desired, although it is not required. If
out in part 60, Appendix A for at
a motion system is installed and
least Level A simulators is
additional training, testing, or checking
acceptable.
credits are being sought on the basis
of having a motion system, the motion
system operation may not be
distracting and must be coupled
closely to provide integrated sensory
cues. The motion system must also
respond to abrupt input at the pilot's
position within the allotted time, but
not before the time when the airplane
responds under the same conditions
Page 27
5.b.
If a motion system is installed, it must

be measured by latency tests or
transport delay tests and may not
exceed 300 milliseconds. Instrument
response may not occur prior to
motion onset
X The motion system standards set

out in part 60, Appendix A for at
least Level A simulators is
acceptable.
6. Visual System
6.a.
The FTD may have a visual system, if X X X

desired, although it is not required. If a
visual system is installed, it must meet
the following criteria:
6.a.1. The visual system must respond to X X

abrupt input at the pilot's position
An SOC is required.
6.a.2. The visual system must be at least a X X X
single channel, non-collimated display
An SOC is required.
6.a.3. The visual system must provide at X X X
least a field-of-view of 18 vertical /
24 horizontal for the pilot flying
An SOC is required.
6.a.4. The visual system must provide for a X X X
maximum parallax of 10 per pilot
An SOC is required.
6.a.5. The visual scene content may not be X X X
distracting
An SOC is required.
6.a.6. The minimum distance from the pilot's X X X
eye position to the surface of a direct
view display may not be less than the
distance to any front panel instrument
An SOC is required.
minimum resolution of 5 arc-minutes
Page 28
for both computed and displayed pixel

size
An SOC is required.
6.b.
If a visual system is installed and

additional training, testing, or checking
credits are being sought on the basis
of having a visual system, a visual
system meeting the standards set out
for at least a Level A FFS (see
Appendix A of this part) will be
required.
A
direct-view,
noncollimated visual system (with the
other requirements for a Level A visual
system met) may be considered
satisfactory for those installations
where the visual system design eye
point is appropriately adjusted for
each pilot's position such that the
parallax error is at or less than 10
simultaneously
for
each
pilot
An SOC is required.
X Directly projected, non-collimated

visual displays may prove to be
unacceptable
for
dual
pilot
applications.
7. Sound System
7.a.
The FTD must simulate significant

flight deck sounds resulting from pilot
actions that correspond to those heard
in the airplane
1 and 2 described in table A3.
Page 29
APPENDIX B
GENERAL REQUIREMENT LEVEL OF SYNTHETIC TRAINING DEVICES HELICOPTER
(1) This paragraph describes the general Flight Simulator requirements described in
table B1
TABLE B 1
Entry
No.
General simulator requirements
Simulator
levels
Information
B C D
Notes
1.
General Flight Deck Configuration
1.a.
The simulator must have a flight X X X For simulator purposes, the flight
deck that is a replica of the
deck consists of all that space
helicopter
being
simulated
forward of a cross section of the
The simulator must have controls,
fuselage at the most extreme aft
equipment, observable flight deck
setting of the pilots' seats
indicators, circuit breakers, and
including additional, required
bulkheads
properly
located,
flight crewmember duty stations
functionally accurate and replicating
and those required bulkheads aft
the helicopter. The direction of
of
the
pilot
seats.
For
clarification,
bulkheads
must be identical to that in the
containing only items such as
helicopter. Pilot seats must afford
landing
gear
pin
storage
the capability for the occupant to be
compartments, fire axes and
able to achieve the design eye
position
established
for
the
and aircraft documents pouches
helicopter
being
simulated.
are not considered essential and
Equipment for the operation of the
may be omitted.
flight deck windows must be
included, but the actual windows
need not be operable. Fire axes,
extinguishers, and spare light bulbs
must be available in the FFS but
may be relocated to a suitable
location as near as practical to the
original position. Fire axes, landing
gear pins, and any similar purpose
instruments
need
only
be
represented in silhouette
Page 30
1.b.
Those circuit breakers that affect X X X

procedures or result in observable
flight deck indications must be
properly located and functionally
accurate
2.
Programming
2.a.
A flight dynamics model that X X X

accounts for various combinations of
air speed and power normally
encountered
in
flight
must
correspond
to
actual
flight
conditions, including the effect of
change in helicopter attitude,
aerodynamic and propulsive forces
and moments, altitude, temperature,
mass, center of gravity location, and
configuration
An SOC is required
2.b.
The simulator must have the X X X

computer
capacity,
accuracy,
resolution, and dynamic response
needed to meet the qualification
level
sought
An SOC is required
2.c.
Ground
handling
(where
appropriate)
and
aerodynamic
programming must include the
following:
2.c.1. Ground
effect X X X Applicable areas include flare
Level B does not require hover
and touch down from a running
programming
landing as well as for in-groundAn SOC is required
effect (IGE) hover. A reasonable
simulation of ground effect
includes modelling of lift, drag,
pitching moment, trim, and
power while in ground effect.
2.c.2. Ground
reaction X X X Reaction of the helicopter upon
Level B does not require hover
contact with the landing surface
programming
during
landing
(e.g., strut
deflection, tire or skid friction,
Page 31
An SOC is required
2.d.
side forces) may differ with

changes
in
gross
weight,
airspeed, rate of descent on
touchdown, and slide slip.
The simulator must provide for

manual and automatic testing of
simulator hardware and software
program.
X X This may include an automated

system, which could be used for
conducting at least a portion of
the QTG tests. Automatic
flagging of out-of-tolerance
situations is encouraged.
(*)
2.e.
The relative responses of the motion

system, visual system, and flight
deck instruments must be measured
by latency tests or transport delay
tests. Motion onset must occur
before the end of the scan of that
video field. Instrument response may
not occur prior to motion onset. Test
results must be within the following
limits:
2.e.1. Response must

milliseconds of
response
be within 150 X
the helicopter
2.e.2. Response must

milliseconds of
response
be within 100
the helicopter
The intent is to verify that the

simulator provides instrument,
motion, and visual cues that are
like the helicopter responses
within the stated time delays. It is
preferable motion onset occur
before the start of the visual
scene change (the start of the
scan of the first video field
containing different information).
For
helicopter
response,
acceleration in the appropriate
corresponding rotational axis is
preferred.
X X
2.f.
The simulator must simulate brake

and tire failure dynamics (including
antiskid failure, if appropriate)
An SOC is required.
X X The simulator should represent

the motion (in the appropriate
axes) and the directional control
characteristics of the helicopter
when experiencing simulated
brake or tire failures.
2.g.
The aerodynamic modelling in the

simulator
must
include:
X X (*)
Page 32
(1)
Ground
effect,
(2) Effects of airframe and rotor icing
(if
applicable),
(3) Aerodynamic interference effects
between the rotor wake and
fuselage,
(4) Influence of the rotor on control
and
stabilization
systems,
(5) Representations of settling with
power,
and
(6)
Retreating
blade
stall.
An SOC is required.
2.h.
The simulator must provide for X X X

realistic mass properties, including
gross weight, center of gravity, and
moments of inertia as a function of
payload
and
fuel
loading
An SOC is required.
3.
Equipment Operation
3.a.
All relevant instrument indications X X X

helicopter
must
automatically
respond to control movement or
external
disturbances
to
the
simulated
helicopter;
e.g.,
turbulence or windshear. Numerical
values must be presented in the
appropriate units
3.b.
Communications,
navigation, X X X (*)
caution, and warning equipment
must be installed and operate within
the tolerances applicable for the
helicopter being simulated
3.c.
Simulated helicopter systems must X X X

operate as the helicopter systems
operate under normal, abnormal,
and emergency operating conditions
on the ground and in flight
3.d.
The simulator must provide pilot X X X

controls with control forces and
control travel that correspond to the
Page 33
simulated helicopter. The simulator

must also react in the same manner
as the helicopter under the same
flight conditions
3.e.
Simulator control feel dynamics must

replicate the helicopter simulated.
This must be determined by
comparing a recording of the control
feel dynamics of the simulator to
helicopter measurements. For initial
and upgrade evaluations, the control
dynamic characteristics must be
measured and recorded directly from
the flight deck controls, and must be
accomplished in takeoff, cruise, and
landing
conditions
and
configurations
4.
Instructor/Evaluator Facilities
4.a.
In addition to the flight crewmember X X X The team leader will consider

stations, the simulator must have at
alternatives to this standard for
least two suitable seats for the
additional seats based on unique
instructor/check airman and DGCA
flight deck configurations.
inspector. These seats must provide
adequate vision to the pilot's panel
and forward windows. All seats other
than flight crew seats need not
represent those found in the
helicopter but must be adequately
secured to the floor and equipped
with similar positive restraint devices
4.b.
The simulator must have controls X X X

that enable the instructor/evaluator
to control all required system
variables and insert all abnormal or
emergency conditions into the
simulated helicopter systems as
described in the DGCA approved
training program, or as described in
the relevant operating manual as
appropriate
4.c.
The simulator must have instructor X X X

controls for all environmental effects
X X
Page 34
expected to be available at the IOS

(Instructor Operating Station) ; e.g.,
clouds, visibility, icing, precipitation,
temperature, storm cells, and wind
speed and direction
4.d.
The simulator must provide the

instructor or evaluator the ability to
present ground and air hazards
X X For example, another aircraft

crossing the active runway and
converging airborne traffic.
4.e.
The simulator must provide the

instructor or evaluator the ability to
present the effect of re-circulating
dust, water vapour, or snow
conditions that develop as a result of
rotor downwash
X X This is a selectable condition that

is not required for all operations
on or near the surface.
5.
Motion System
5.a.
The simulator must have motion X X X For example, touchdown cues

(force) cues perceptible to the pilot
should be a function of the rate
that are representative of the motion
of descent (RoD) of the
in a helicopter
simulated helicopter.
5.b.
The simulator must have a motion X

(force cueing) system with a
minimum of three degrees of
freedom (at least pitch, roll, and
heave)
An SOC is required.
5.c.
The simulator must have a motion

(force cueing) system that produces
cues at least equivalent to those of a
six-degrees-of-freedom, synergistic
platform motion system (i.e., pitch,
roll, yaw, heave, sway, and surge)
An SOC is required.
5.d.
The simulator must provide for the X X X

recording of the motion system
response
time
An SOC is required.
X X
Page 35
5.e.
The simulator must provide motion

effects programming to include the
following:
(1) Runway rumble, oleo deflections, X X X
effects of ground speed, uneven
runway, characteristics.
(2) Buffets due to transverse flow
effects.
(3) Buffet during extension and
retraction of landing gear.
(4) Buffet due to retreating blade
stall.
(5) Buffet due to vortex ring (settling
with power).
(6) Representative cues resulting
from touchdown.
(7) High speed rotor vibrations.
(8) Tire failure dynamics
X X
(9) Engine malfunction and engine

damage
(10) Airframe ground strike
5.f.
(11) Motion vibrations that result

from atmospheric disturbances
X For air turbulence, general

purpose disturbance models are
acceptable if, when used, they
produce
test
results
that
approximate demonstrable flight
test data.
The
simulator
must
provide
characteristic motion vibrations that
X The
simulator
should
be
programmed and instrumented in
Page 36
result from operation of the

helicopter (for example, retreating
blade stall, extended landing gear,
settling with power) in so far as
vibration marks an event or
helicopter state, which can be
sensed in the flight deck
such a manner that the

characteristic buffet modes can
be measured and compared to
helicopter data.
6.
Visual System
Additional horizontal field-of-view

capability may be added at the
sponsor's discretion provided the
minimum
field-of-view
is
retained.
6.a.
The simulator must have a visual X X X

system providing an out-of-the-flight
deck view
6.b.
The simulator must provide a X

continuous field-of-view of at least
75 horizontally and 30 vertically
per pilot seat. Both pilot seat visual
systems
must
be
operable
simultaneously.
The
minimum
horizontal field-of-view coverage
must be plus and minus one-half (
1/2) of the minimum continuous
field-of-view requirement, centered
on the zero degree azimuth line
relative to the aircraft fuselage. An
SOC must explain the geometry of
the
installation
An SOC is required.
6.c.
The simulator must provide a

continuous visual field-of-view of at
least 146 horizontally and 36
vertically per pilot seat. Both pilot
seat visual systems must be
operable simultaneously. Horizontal
field-of-view is centered on the zero
degree azimuth line relative to the
aircraft fuselage. The minimum
Optimization of the vertical fieldof-view may be considered with

respect to the specific helicopter
flight deck cut-off angle. The
sponsor may request the team
leader to evaluate the FFS for
specific authorization(s) for the
following:
(1) Specific areas within the
database
needing
higher
resolution to support landings,
take-offs and ground cushion
exercises and training away from
a heliport, including elevated
Page 37
6.d.
relative to the aircraft fuselage.

An SOC must explain the geometry
of the installation. Capability for a
field-of-view in excess of the
minimum is not required for
qualification at Level C. However,
where
specific
tasks
require
extended fields of view beyond the
146 by 36 (e.g., to accommodate
the use of chin windows where the
accommodation is either integral
with or separate from the primary
visual system display), then the
extended fields of view must be
provided. When considering the
installation and use of augmented
fields of view, the sponsor must
meet with the team leader to
determine the training, testing,
checking, and experience tasks for
which the augmented field-of-view
capability
may
be
required
An SOC is required.
heliport, helidecks and confined

areas.
(2) For cross-country flights,
sufficient scene details to allow
for ground to map navigation
over a sector length equal to 30
minutes at an average cruise
speed.
(3) For offshore airborne radar
approaches (ARA), harmonized
visual/radar representations of
installations.
The simulator must provide a

continuous visual field-of-view of at
least 176 horizontally and 56
vertically per pilot seat. Both pilot
seat visual systems must be
operable simultaneously. Horizontal
field-of-view is centered on the zero
degree azimuth line relative to the
aircraft fuselage. The minimum
relative to the aircraft fuselage. An
SOC must explain the geometry of
the installation. Capability for a fieldof-view in excess of the minimum is
not required for qualification at Level
D. However, where specific tasks
require extended fields of view
beyond the 176 by 56 (e.g., to
accommodate the use of chin
windows where the accommodation
is either integral with or separate
from the primary visual system
display), then the extended fields of
X Optimization of the vertical fieldof-view may be considered with

flight deck cut-off angle. The
sponsor may request the team
leader to evaluate the FFS for
specific authorization(s) for the
following:
(1) Specific areas within the
database
needing
higher
resolution to support landings,
take-offs and ground cushion
exercises and training away from
a heliport, including elevated
heliport, helidecks and confined
areas.
(2) For cross-country flights,
sufficient scene details to allow
for ground to map navigation
over a sector length equal to 30
minutes at an average cruise
speed.
(3) For offshore airborne radar
approaches (ARA), harmonized
visual/radar representations of
installations.
Page 38
view must be provided. When

considering the installation and use
of augmented fields of view, the
sponsor must meet with the team
leader to determine the training,
testing, checking, and experience
tasks for which the augmented fieldof-view capability may be required
An SOC is required.
6.e.
The visual system must be free from X X X Non-realistic cues might include
optical discontinuities and artifacts
image swimming and image
that create non-realistic cues
roll-off, that may lead a pilot to
make incorrect assessments of
speed,
acceleration
and/or
situational awareness.
6.f.
The simulator must have operational X X X

landing lights for night scenes.
Where used, dusk (or twilight)
scenes require operational landing
lights.
6.g.
The simulator must have instructor X X X

controls
for
the
following:
(1) Visibility in statute miles
(kilometers) and runway visual range
(RVR)
in
ft.
(meters).
(2) Airport or landing area selection
(3) Airport or landing area lighting
6.h.
Each airport scene displayed must X X X

include
the
following:
(1) Airport runways and taxiways
(2)
Runway
definition
(a) Runway surface and markings
(b) Lighting for the runway in use,
including runway threshold, edge,
centerline, touchdown zone, VASI
(or PAPI), and approach lighting of
appropriate colors, as appropriate
(c) Taxiway lights
6.i.
The simulator must provide visual X X X

system compatibility with dynamic
response programming
Page 39
6.j.
The simulator must show that the X X X This will show the modelling
segment of the ground visible from
accuracy of the scene with
the simulator flight deck is the same
respect to a predetermined
as from the helicopter flight deck
position from the end of the
(within established tolerances) when
runway in use.
at the correct airspeed and altitude
above the touchdown zone
6.k.
The simulator must provide visual X

cues necessary to assess rate of
change of height, height AGL, and
translational displacement and rates
during takeoffs and landings
6.l.
The simulator must provide visual

cues necessary to assess rate of
change of height, height AGL, as
well as translational displacement
and rates during takeoff, low
altitude/low airspeed maneuvering,
hover, and landing
X X
6.m. The simulator must provide for X X X Visual attitude vs. simulator
accurate portrayal of the visual
attitude is a comparison of pitch
environment relating to the simulator
and roll of the horizon as
attitude
displayed in the visual scene
compared to the display on the
attitude indicator.
6.n
The simulator must provide for quick

confirmation of visual system color,
RVR,
focus,
and
intensity
An SOC is required.
X X
6.o.
The simulator must be capable of

producing at least 10 levels of
occulting
X X
6.p.
Night Visual Scenes. The simulator X X X

must provide night visual scenes
with sufficient scene content to
recognize the airport, the terrain,
and major landmarks around the
airport. The scene content must
allow a pilot to successfully
accomplish a visual landing. Night
Page 40
scenes, as a minimum, must provide

presentations of sufficient surfaces
with appropriate textural cues that
as road networks, ramp lighting, and
airport signage, to conduct a visual
approach, a landing, and airport
movement (taxi). Scenes must
typical terrain characteristics such as
fields, roads and bodies of water
and
surfaces
illuminated
by
helicopter landing lights
6.q.
Dusk (Twilight) Visual Scenes. The

simulator must provide dusk (or
twilight) visual scenes with sufficient
scene content to recognize the
airport, the terrain, and major
landmarks around the airport. The
scene content must allow a pilot to
successfully accomplish a visual
landing. Dusk (or twilight) scenes, as
a minimum, must provide full color
presentations of reduced ambient
intensity, sufficient surfaces with
appropriate textural cues that
as road networks, ramp lighting and
airport signage, to conduct a visual
approach, landing and airport
movement (taxi). Scenes must
typical terrain characteristics such as
fields, roads and bodies of water
and
surfaces
illuminated
by
representative aircraft lighting (e.g.,
landing
lights).
If
provided,
directional horizon lighting must
have correct orientation and be
consistent with surface shading
effects. Total scene content must be
comparable in detail to that
produced by 10,000 visible textured
surfaces and 15,000 visible lights
with sufficient system capacity to
display 16 simultaneously moving
objects
An SOC is required.
X X
Page 41
6.r.
Daylight
Visual
Scenes.
The
simulator must have daylight visual
scenes with sufficient scene content
to recognize the airport, the terrain,
and major landmarks around the
airport. The scene content must
allow a pilot to successfully
accomplish a visual landing. No
ambient lighting may washout the
displayed visual scene. Total scene
content must be comparable in
detail to that produced by 10,000
visible textured surfaces and 6,000
visible lights with sufficient system
capacity
to
display
16
simultaneously moving objects. The
visual display must be free of
apparent
and
distracting
quantization and other distracting
visual effects while the simulator is
in
motion
An SOC is required.
X X
6.s
The
simulator
must
provide
operational visual scenes that
portray physical relationships known
to cause landing illusions to pilots
X X For example: short runways,

landing approaches over water,
uphill or downhill runways, rising
terrain on the approach path,
unique topographic features.
6.t.
The simulator must provide special

weather representations of light,
medium, and heavy precipitation
near a thunderstorm on takeoff and
during approach and landing.
Representations need only be
presented at and below an altitude
of 2,000 ft. (610 m) above the airport
surface and within 10 miles (16 km)
of the airport
X X
6.u.
The simulator must present visual

scenes of wet and snow-covered
runways, including runway lighting
reflections for wet conditions, and
partially obscured lights for snow
conditions
X X The team leader will consider

suitable alternative effects.
Page 42
6.v.
The simulator must present realistic

color and directionality of all airport
lighting
X X
7.
Sound System
7.a.
The simulator must provide flight X X X

deck sounds that result from pilot
actions that correspond to those that
occur in the helicopter
7.b.
Volume control, if installed, must X X X

have an indication of the sound level
setting
7.c.
The simulator must accurately

simulate the sound of precipitation,
windshield
wipers, and
other
significant
helicopter
noises
perceptible to the pilot during normal
and abnormal operations, and
include the sound of a crash (when
the simulator is landed in an unusual
attitude or in excess of the structural
gear limitations); normal engine
sounds; and the sounds of gear
extension
and
retraction
An SOC is required.
X X
7.d.
The simulator must provide realistic

amplitude and frequency of flight
deck noises and sounds. Simulator
performance must be recorded,
compared
to
amplitude
and
frequency of the same sounds
recorded in the helicopter, and made
a part of the QTG
1, 2, and 4, 5, 6, 7described in table B 2.
Page 43
TABLE B 2 :
Standard Requirement for Flight Training Devices Level 1 and Level 2
Qualification General Technical Requirements
Maximum Credits
Level
1
Type specific with at least 1 system fully
Suitable for :
represented
Closed or open flight deck

(Note: Choice of systems simulated is
the
responsibility of the
seeking approval or
Organisation
re-approval for the course)

- Type specific
- All applicable systems fully
represented
- Closed flight deck
- Type specific or Generic Flight
Dynamics (but shall be representative
of aircraft performance)
- On board Instructor station
- Significant sounds
- Control of atmospheric conditions
- Navigation Data Base (sufficient to
support aeroplane systems)
- Adequate test capability
- Primary flight controls which control
the
- flight path and be broadly
representative of aeroplane control
characteristics.
Selective system
management
credits
(except for pilot manual
control handling skills) as
follow :
part of an approved
conversion/transition
course, recurrent training,
checking
Suitable for :
- Systems Management
Initial and Recurrent
training, checking and
testing, (except pilot
manual control handling
skills i.e. those flight
manoeuvres executed via
the pilots primary flying
controls).
- CRM Training, as part of
approved course.
- LOFT (Route and area
familiarisation only where
at least
- Level A simulator visual
system fitted).
Page 44
Standard Requirement for Flight Training Devices for Level 4, 5, 6 and 7
Information
FTD
level
Entry
No.
General FTD requirements
4567
Notes
1. General Flight Deck Configuration.

1.a. The FTD must have a flight deck that is a
replica of the helicopter, or set of
helicopters
simulated
with
controls,
equipment,
observable
flight
deck
indicators, circuit breakers, and bulkheads
properly located, functionally accurate and
replicating the helicopter or set of
helicopters. The direction of movement of
controls and switches must be identical to
that in the helicopter or set of helicopters.
Crewmember seats must afford the
capability for the occupant to be able to
achieve the design eye position.
Equipment for the operation of the flight
deck windows must be included, but the
actual windows need not be operable.
Those circuit breakers that affect
procedures or result in observable flight
deck indications must be properly located
and functionally accurate. Fire axes,
extinguishers, landing gear pins, and spare
light bulbs must be available, and may be
represented in silhouette, in the flight
simulator. This equipment must be present
as near as practical to the original position
X X For FTD purposes, the flight

deck consists of all that space
forward of a cross section of the
flight deck at the most extreme
aft setting of the pilots' seats
including additional, required
crewmember duty stations and
those required bulkheads aft of
the pilot seats. Bulkheads
containing only items such as
landing
gear
pin
storage
compartments, fire axes and
and aircraft documents pouches
are not considered essential and
may be omitted. If omitted,
these items, or the silhouettes of
these items, may be placed on
the wall of the simulator, or in
any other location as near as
practical to the original position
of these items.
1.b. The FTD must have equipment (i.e., X X

instruments, panels, systems, circuit
breakers,
and
controls)
simulated
sufficiently
for
the
authorized
training/checking
events
to
be
accomplished. The installed equipment,
must be located in a spatially correct
configuration, and may be in a flight deck
Page 45
or an open flight deck area. Those circuit

breakers that affect procedures or result in
observable flight deck indications must be
properly located and functionally accurate.
Additional equipment required for the
authorized training and checking events
must be available in the FTD but may be
located in a suitable location as near as
practical to the spatially correct position.
Actuation of this equipment must replicate
the appropriate function in the helicopter.
Fire axes, landing gear pins, and any
similar purpose instruments need only be
represented in silhouette
2. Programming.
2.a. The FTD must provide the proper effect of X X X
aerodynamic changes for the combinations
of drag and thrust normally encountered in
flight. This must include the effect of
change in helicopter attitude, thrust, drag,
altitude, temperature, and configuration.
Levels 6 and 7 additionally require the
effects of changes in gross weight and
center of gravity. Level 5 requires only
generic
aerodynamic
programming.
An SOC is required
2.b. The FTD must have the computer (analog X X X X
or digital) capability (i.e., capacity,
accuracy,
resolution,
and
dynamic
response) needed to meet the qualification
level
sought.
An SOC is required
2.c.
Relative responses of the flight deck X X X The intent is to verify that the
instruments must be measured by latency
FTD provides instrument cues
tests or transport delay tests, and may not
that are, within the stated time
exceed 150 milliseconds. The instruments
delays, like the helicopter
must respond to abrupt input at the pilot's
responses.
For
helicopter
position within the allotted time, but not
before the time that the helicopter or set of
appropriate,
corresponding
helicopters respond under the same
rotational axis is preferred.
conditions
Latency: The FTD instrument and, if
applicable, the motion system and the
visual system response must not be prior
Page 46
to that time when the helicopter responds

and may respond up to 150 milliseconds
after that time under the same conditions
Transport Delay: As an alternative to the
Latency requirement, a transport delay
objective test may be used to demonstrate
that the FTD system does not exceed the
specified limit. The sponsor must measure
all the delay encountered by a step signal
migrating from the pilot's control through all
the simulation software modules in the
correct order, using a handshaking
protocol, finally through the normal output
interfaces to the instrument display and, if
applicable, the motion system, and the
visual system
3. Equipment Operation.
3.a. All relevant instrument indications involved A X X X
in the simulation of the helicopter must
automatically respond to control movement
or external disturbances to the simulated
helicopter or set of helicopters; e.g.,
turbulence or winds
3.b. Navigation equipment must be installed A X X X
and operate within the tolerances
applicable for the helicopter or set of
helicopters. Levels 6 and 7 must also
include communication equipment (interphone and air/ground) like that in the
helicopter. Level 5 only needs that
navigation equipment necessary to fly an
instrument approach
3.c.
Installed systems must simulate the A X X X

applicable helicopter system operation
both on the ground and in flight. At least
one
helicopter
system
must
be
represented. Systems must be operative to
the extent that applicable normal,
abnormal, and emergency operating
procedures included in the sponsor's
training programs can be accomplished.
Levels 6 and 7 must simulate all applicable
helicopter flight, navigation, and systems
operation. Level 5 must have functional
Page 47
flight and navigational controls, displays,

and instrumentation
3.d. The lighting environment for panels and X X X X Back-lighted
panels
and
instruments must be sufficient for the
instruments may be installed but
operation being conducted
are not required.
3.e. The FTD must provide control forces and
control travel that correspond to the
replicated helicopter or set of helicopters.
Control forces must react in the same
manner as in the helicopter or set of
helicopters under the same flight
conditions
3.f.
XX
The FTD must provide control forces and X

control travel of sufficient precision to
manually fly an instrument approach. The
control forces must react in the same
manner as in the helicopter or set of
helicopters under the same flight
conditions
4. Instructor or Evaluator Facilities.

4.a. In addition to the flight crewmember X X X X These seats need not be a
stations, suitable seating arrangements for
replica of an aircraft seat and
an instructor/check airman and DGCA
may be as simple as an office
Inspector must be available. These seats
chair placed in an appropriate
must
provide
adequate
view
of
position.
crewmember's panel(s)
4.b. The FTD must have instructor controls that X X X X
permit activation of normal, abnormal, and
emergency conditions, as appropriate.
Once activated, proper system operation
must result from system management by
the crew and not require input from the
instructor controls.
5. Motion System
5.a. A motion system may be installed in an X X X X
FTD. If installed, the motion system
operation must not be distracting. If a
Page 48
motion system is installed and additional

training, testing, or checking credits are
being sought, sensory cues must also be
integrated. The motion system must
respond to abrupt input at the pilot's
position within the allotted time, but not
before the time when the helicopter
responds under the same conditions. The
motion system must be measured by
latency tests or transport delay tests and
may not exceed 150 milliseconds.
Instrument response must not occur prior
to motion onset
5.b. The FTD must have at least a vibration
cueing system for characteristic helicopter
vibrations noted at the pilot station(s)
X May be accomplished by a seat

shaker or a bass speaker
sufficient
to
provide
the
necessary cueing.
6. Visual System
6.a. The FTD may have a visual system, if
desired, although it is not required. If a
visual system is installed, it must meet the
following criteria:
6.a.1. The visual system must respond to abrupt X X X
input
at
the
pilot's
position.
An SOC is required
6.a.2. The visual system must be at least a single X X X
channel,
non-collimated
display.
An SOC is required
6.a.3. The visual system must provide at least a X X X
field-of-view of 18 vertical/24 horizontal
for
the
pilot
flying.
An SOC is required
maximum parallax of 10 per pilot.
An SOC is required
6.a.5. The visual scene content may not be X X X
distracting.
Page 49
An SOC is required
6.a.6. The minimum distance from the pilot's eye X X X
position to the surface of a direct view
display may not be less than the distance
to
any
front
panel
instrument.
An SOC is required
minimum resolution of 5 arc-minutes for
both computed and displayed pixel size.
An SOC is required
6.b. If a visual system is installed and additional X X X
training, testing, or checking credits are
being sought on the basis of having a
visual system, a visual system meeting the
standards set out for at least a Level A
FFS (see Appendix A of this part) will be
required. A direct-view, non-collimated
visual system (with the other requirements
for a Level A visual system met) may be
considered
satisfactory
for
those
installations where the visual system
design eye point is appropriately adjusted
for each pilot's position such that the
parallax error is at or less than 10
simultaneously
for
each
pilot.
An SOC is required
6.c.
The FTD must provide a continuous visual

field-of-view of at least 146 horizontally
and 36 vertically for both pilot seats,
simultaneously. The minimum horizontal
field-of-view coverage must be plus and
minus one-half ( 1/2) of the minimum
continuous
field-of-view
requirement,
centered on the zero degree azimuth line
relative to the aircraft fuselage. Additional
horizontal field-of-view capability may be
added at the sponsor's discretion provided
the minimum field-of-view is retained.
Capability for a field-of-view in excess of
these minima is not required for
qualification at Level 7. However, where
specific tasks require extended fields of
view beyond the 146 by 36 (e.g., to
accommodate the use of chin windows
X Optimization of the vertical fieldof-view may be considered with

flight deck cut-off angle. When
considering the installation/use
of augmented fields of view, as
described here, it will be the
responsibility of the sponsor to
meet with the team leader to
determine the training, testing,
checking, or experience tasks
for which the augmented fieldof-view capability may be critical
to that approval.
Page 50
where the accommodation is either integral

with or separate from the primary visual
system display), then such extended fields
of
view
must
be
provided.
An SOC is required and must explain the
geometry of the installation
7. Sound System
7.a. The FTD must simulate significant flight
deck sounds resulting from pilot actions
that correspond to those heard in the
helicopter
XX
(*) DGCA may qualify Helicopter FTD using the criteria, validation tests, and function and subjective
tests detailed in either:
1. The Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) Part 60 Appendix D, Qualification Performance
Standards for Helicopter Flight Training Devices; or
2. The Joint Aviation Requirement Flight Simulation Training Devices Helicopter Flight
Simulation Training Devices (JAR FSTD H).
MINISTER OF TRANSPORTATION
ttd
FREDDY NUMBERI
Page 51

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REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

CIVIL AVIATION SAFETY REGULATION (CASR)

SYNTHETIC TRAINING DEVICES

LAMPIRAN PERATURAN MENTERI PERHUBUNGAN

CIVIL AVIATION SAFETY REGULATIONS

SUBPART B - FLIGHT SIMULATORS AND FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICES ................3

Application for flight simulator qualification or flight training

Initial evaluation and qualification 4

Issue of flight simulator qualification certificate or flight training

Period of validity of flight simulator qualification or flight training

Recurrent evaluation of qualified flight simulator or qualified flight

Variation, revocation or suspension of flight simulator qualification

Ongoing fidelity requirements ............................................................6

Modification of qualified flight simulator or qualified flight

Operation with missing, malfunctioning, or inoperative

Change in qualification level of qualified flight simulator or

Deactivation, relocation or reactivation of qualified flight

Change of operator of qualified flight simulator or qualified

Applications, logbooks, reports, and records: Fraud, falsification,

APPENDIX A - General Requirement Level of Synthetic Training DevicesAeroplane 10

CASR 60/Amdt. 0/ 12 October 2010

CASR 60/Amdt. 0/ 12 October 2010

SUBPART B : FLIGHT SIMULATORS AND FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICES

60.7 Application for flight simulator qualification or flight training device

CASR 60/Amdt. 0/ 12 October 2010

Initial evaluation and qualification

60.17 Variation, revocation or suspension of flight simulator qualification or flight

If DGCA varies a qualification, DGCA must reissue the qualification certificate

(2) management responsibility;

approve any resulting amendments to the master QTG of the simulator or

issue a new flight simulator qualification certificate or flight training device

60.33 DGCA Evaluation Teams

(i) A list of the components or equipment that were or are missing,

60.36 Applications, logbooks, reports, and records: Fraud, falsification, or

CASR 60/Amdt. 0/ 12 October 2010

c) Flight dynamics model that accounts X X X X For Level A, generic ground

d) All relevant instrument indications

In addition to the flight crew member

g) Flight simulator systems to simulate X X X X

Control forces and control travel

Ground handling and aerodynamic

X X X X SOC required. Tests

1) Ground effect. For example:

For Level A flight simulators,

X X Tests required. See Section

1) prior to take-off rotation;

4) short final approach.

Representative cross-winds and

m) Representative stopping and

X X SOC required. Objective

X X SOC required. Subjective

o) A means for quickly and effectively

p) Flight simulator computer capacity,

X X Tests required. See Section

1) For aeroplanes with irreversible

Verify the relative response of the

CASR 60/Amdt. 0/ 12 October 2010

1) Transport Delay. A transport

2) Latency. The visual system,

CASR 60/Amdt. 0/ 12 October 2010

X SOC required. See Section

Modelling that includes the effects of

u) Aerodynamic and ground reaction