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This study presents the log analysis results of a suite of geophysical logs comprising gamma ray (GR),
resistivity (LLD), neutron (PHIN) and density (PHID) logs from six wells in Laja Field located in the
Niger delta. The analysis was carried out to evaluate the fields hydrocarbon prospect i.e. identify
hydrocarbon bearing reservoir(s) and study reservoir properties based on log data from the six wells.
Eleven zones of interest (sand bodies) were delineated and correlated across this field. Six of these
sands were further identified as potential hydrocarbon reservoirs. The computed petrophysical
parameters for the reservoir layers have porosity, range of 13% 38% and hydrocarbon saturation, Sh
range of 0.16% to 22.2%. The analysis indicates that reservoirs (sands) are encountered at depth range
of 4350m to 7650m with relative permeability to oil ranging from 314.0 to 18521.8md. These results on
the whole suggest that the reservoir sand units of Laja Field contain significant accumulations of
hydrocarbon
Keywords: Petrophysical parameters, hydrocarbon prospect, reservoir, log analysis, Niger Delta.
INTRODUCTION
LAJA Oil Field is an onshore field located within latitude
5.30 and 5.40N and longitude 6.00 and 6.20E in the Niger
Delta (Figure 1). The general purpose of well log analysis
is to convert the raw log data into estimated quantities of
oil, gas and water in a formation (Asquith and Krygowski,
2004). In this study, the objectives of using the gamma
ray (GR), resistivity, neutron (PHIN) and density (PHID)
logs includes the determination of lithologic units,
differentiating between hydrocarbon bearing and nonhydrocarbon bearing zone(s) within identify reservoir(s),
definition of reservoir geometry by means of well to well
correlation and determination of the petrophysical
parameters value of zones of interest (reservoirs) in the
field such as porosity, permeability, gross thicknesses,
water saturation and hydrocarbon saturation.
Geology of the Area
The Niger Delta which covers an area of about 7500 km2
Figure 1. The Map of Niger delta showing location of Laja field and insert is the Base map Indicating Well
Locations.
Figure 2. Geological Cross section showing Stratigraphic units of the Niger Delta (After
Michele et al., 1999).
And where
,
and are matrix density, formation
bulk density and fluid density respectively.
To calculate water saturation, Sw the method used in
this study requires a water resistivity Rw value at
formation temperature calculated from the porosity and
resistivity logs within clean water zone, using the Ro
method given by the following equation:
SAND
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
SAND
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
TOP
(m)
4560
5090
5290
5392
5516
5888
6020
6600
6855
7490
e
(%)
25.75
26.69
30.43
19.41
29.09
23.96
23.26
24.36
16.98
17.08
BASE
(m)
4980
5210
5310
5439
5798
5935
6272
6812
7140
7560
F
11.39
10.89
8.16
18
8.82
12.5
13.78
12.97
24.5
22.95
GROSS
(m)
420
120
20
47
282
47
252
212
285
70
Sw
(%)
97.98
99.44
98.71
99.62
100
99.24
99.71
71.88
99.86
99.69
NET
(m)
336
104.4
15.6
30.08
174.84
34.31
201.6
173.84
250.8
57.4
Sh
(%)
2.02
0.56
1.29
0.38
0
0.76
0.29
28.12
0.14
0.31
N/G
(%)
80
87
78
64
62
73
80
82
88
82
Swirr
(%)
7.55
7.38
6.39
9.49
6.64
7.91
8.3
8.05
11.07
10.71
GRlog
(API)
66.54
52.91
72.11
91.3
76.16
83.78
68.7
55.03
75.78
89.2
BVW
0.26
0.27
0.31
0.21
0.3
0.25
0.24
0.18
0.18
0.19
IGR
0.38
0.28
0.42
0.57
0.45
0.51
0.4
0.3
0.45
0.55
K
(md)
4525.96
5226.05
13183.63
1046.28
10257.03
3360.54
2459.22
2988.27
390.11
481.2
VSH
(%)
11.55
14.56
20.37
46.01
16.34
16.4
18.41
9.28
14.47
20.59
OMI
0.9838
0.9955
0.9897
0.997
1
0.9939
0.9976
0.7587
0.9989
0.9975
Table 2. Results of some of the obtained average petrophysical parameters across the six wells in Laja Field.
SAND
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
AVERAGE
GROSS
THICKNESS
(m)
222.50
126.83
22.17
47.67
241.67
55.33
266.17
203.50
251.83
78.50
143.00
AVERAGE
NET
THICKNESS
(m)
185.07
106.86
16.61
23.23
164.79
39.81
194.81
163.12
208.48
61.95
85.00
AVERAGE
N/G (%)
AVERAGE
POROSITY
(%)
74.00
84.00
76.83
43.00
68.83
70.33
73.50
68.67
81.83
80.00
59.00
26.31
28.82
30.79
24.60
25.90
23.68
20.97
24.23
22.62
20.64
16.58
AVERAGE
PERMEABILITY
(md)
6056.38
10185.83
18521.81
7067.72
5920.83
4479.83
1686.75
3056.63
2443.73
1784.56
314.02
AVERAGE
WATER
SATURATION
(%)
77.83
99.29
90.44
98.76
92.37
82.38
96.82
81.07
98.57
84.83
99.38
AVERAGE HYDROCARBON
SATURATION (%)
22.17
0.71
9.56
1.24
7.63
17.62
3.18
18.93
1.43
15.17
0.16
Figure 4. Bar-chart of Average Effective Porosity of various Sands encountered across the Study Area.
Figure 5. Bar-chart of Average Permeability of various Sands encountered across the Study Area.
Figure 6. Bar-chart of Average Hydrocarbon Saturation of various Sands encountered across the Study Area.