Science

Presentation

Title

Human Blood

Group Members

Tan Lin Han

Kelvin Tan Chun Ming
Ng Yuan Shen
Toh Yan An
Kan Yeow Chun

Evidence

B6D3E1

Class

3A

 Constituents of Blood and their Functions

Human blood consists of :
a. Plasma
b. Red blood cells
c. White blood cells
d. Platelets

Plasma
Plasma contains blood cells and dissolved substances such
as amino acids, glucose, vitamins, minerals salts, excretory
products and carbon dioxide.
Plasma is the fluid component of blood which is light
yellow.
Plasma contains 90% water and 10% dissolved substances.
Plasma transports digested food to cells and transports
excretory products such as urea, from body tissues to
excretory organs.
Transports digested food such as glucose and amino acid to
tissues for assimilation and cellular respiration.
Transport excretory products such as carbon dioxide and urea
from tissues to excretory organs to be eliminated.
Distributes heat throughout the body to maintain body
temperature at 37 C

Red blood cells

Red blood cells have no nucleus.
The cell is red because contains haemoglobin (a type of red
pigment which contains iron and protein)
Red blood cells transport oxygen to the body cells.
Red blood cells are produced in bone marrow and can live
up to 120 days. Red blood cells that are old will be destroyed
in the liver and spleen.
White blood cells
White blood cells have nucleus.
It can defends the body against attack microorganisms.
Some can produce antibodies like antitoxins (to neutralise
poisons or toxins).
Produced in bone marrow and lymph nodes. The life span of
white blood cells varies from a few days to many months.
Old white blood cells will be destroyed in the circulation of
blood and eliminated together with urine and faeces.
White blood cells protect the body from infections caused by
microorganisms.
The lack of white blood cells causes deterioration in the
body resistance against disease.

 Uncontrolled and excess white blood cells will cause cancer

of the blood and known as leukaemia. A leukaemia patient
gets infected and this can be fatal.
Platelets
Platelets are small bits of cells in the blood that do not have
nucleus.
A life span of a platelet is about ten days. Old platelet are
destroyed in the circulation of blood
Platelets help clot blood.
Excessive lack of platelets in the blood causes haemophilia.
Haemophilia is a type of genetic disorder that can cause
continuous bleeding and prevent clotting which can be fatal.

Blood Group
Human blood can be classified into four groups. These are
A, B, AB and O.
A person with an O blood type can donate to people with O,
B, A and AB blood types.
Therefore, the O blood type is known as a universal donor.
A person with an O blood type can receive blood from only
group O.

 A person with an AB blood type can receive B, O, A, AB

blood.
Therefore, the AB blood type is known as a universal
recipient.
A person with an AB blood type can donate only to group
AB.
Mixing incompatible blood groups leads to blood clotting or
agglutination, which is dangerous for the recipient.

Compatibility of blood among blood donors and recipients

Importance of Blood Donation

Almost all serious health issues use blood donated by people
to save lives. Blood that is donated last a little more than 40
days. Then it must be disposed of. That means we need to
constantly replenish the blood so it is there when someone
needs it.
Holidays are usually when blood is in short supply. Maybe
next holiday season that could be our gift to a needing

person. Our blood could save a baby, a child, a mother, a

father, a grandfather, a grandmother.
They cannot make blood, it is a gift we all have inside of us
to give to those who are injured, sick, or in need. Those are
the best reasons to donate blood. Not everyone can save a life.
But we have an opportunity to.
BLOOD DONATION ALSO PREVENTS
ACCUMALATION OF IRON.
Reduce the risk of heart disease in men & stimulates the
generation of red blood cells.
As we donate the blood the body system has to regain it as
per requirements. Hence body systems get freshly energised
and its healthy for it.

How Donated Blood is Stored and Handled

All equipment use throughout the process of donating blood
are sterile and disposable to minimize the risk of infection.
Blood from each donor is collected in a separate sterile
plastic bag, which is sealed once enough blood is collected
from the donor.
The donated blood is screened for diseases such as malaria,
syphilis, AIDS/HIV and hepatitis.

 The blood group for each bag of bloods also checked and
noted.
Once the blood is cleared for use, it can be used immediately
or stored for future needs.
Donated blood is stored at a low temperature, under sterile
conditions, until the need arises .
Each unit of donated blood is usually separated into different
components.
1) The red blood cells are stored under refrigeration for
maximum for 42 days.
2) Frozen red blood cells may be stored up to ten years.
3)

The plasma can be kept frozen for up to one year.