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Lecture 11:
- Water distribution
- Air pressure
Reminders:
HW5 due Thursday 9pm
Reading for Thursday: 16.1 / 16.2 Tuesday
Midterm 2: 2 weeks from Thursday
I will put up estimated final grades sometime this week or
weekend so you have an idea where you stand
Water distribution
Reading quiz
water tower
reservoir
pipe
pump
buildings
Where does the water flow?
What determines the water pressure in different homes/heights?
How fast does water flow out of a faucet?
How do you pump water out of wells?
ALL ABOUT CONSERVATION OF ENERGY!
GPE = mgh
KE = mv2
Gravitational PE
Kinetic Energy
PPE = PV
Pressure Potential
Reading quiz
1. Bernoullis equation is all about
a. Conservation of momentum
b. Conservation of heat
c. Conservation of water
d. Conservation of potential energy
e. None of the above
2. Bernoullis equation describes
a. How the temperature of water changes as it flows through pipes.
b. The different amounts of water distributed to houses and industry
in a typical city.
c. The relationship between pressure, velocity, and height of water in
a pipe.
d. The relationship between the thickness of water pipes and the
pressure of the water they contain
Pump up the pressure inside just a little bit and squirt. If we pump it up
more, the water coming out will be:
a. going slower than before, b. going the same speed,
c. going faster.
10/1/2014
Pump up the pressure inside just a little bit and squirt. If we pump it up
more, the water coming out will be:
a. going slower than before, b. going the same speed,
c. going faster.
You already know this from experience
Think conservation of energy.
- Pumping does work, energy in arm stored (potential) energy in tank
- When press trigger, PPE KE of water
5N
5N/m
5 N/m2
500N/m2
50,000N/m
50,000N/m2
Blaise Pascal
(1623-1662)
What the heck is pressure anyway?
Pressure = Force
Area
1 N/m2 is named 1 Pa (1
Pascal)
5N/m
5 N/m2
500N/m2
50,000N/m
50,000N/m2
5N
Influential mathematician,
inventor, physicist, philosopher
invented some of the early
modern calculators
Invented hydrostatics,
hydrodynamics, the syringe
(multiplies pressure)
Pressure
1. Pumping does work
transforming chemical
energy in my arm into
PPE.
Pressure
2. When I pull the
trigger, pressure does
work on the water.
What is
causing the
stream to
curve down?
10/1/2014
Bernoullis Equation
PV + mv2 + mgh = Etotal
But what mass of water are we talking about, what height?
rVv2
+ rVgh = Etotal
(r = mass/volume
= 1000kg/m3 for water)
We can divide through by V to get the standard form for Bernoullis equation:
P + rv2 + rgh = Etotal/V
More on pressure
voutside
Bernoullis Equation:
h=0
At surface: P = AP, h = 0
(constant)
v= 0
voutside is big
Etpv = AP
P?
At depth H:
AP + Ppump = AP + r voutside2
Ppump = r voutside2
P = AP + Pw, height = -H
Etpv = AP + Pw + rg(-H)
Faucet shut off, so
water is not moving.
Pw rgH
PH = AP + rgH
More on pressure
Atmospheric pressure
Bernoullis Equation:
P + rv2 + rgh = Etpv
Compare water at surface and at depth H
At surface: P = AP, h = 0
Etpv = AP
AP + rgH
Faucet shut off, so
water is not moving.
Etpv = AP + Pw + rg(-H)
Etpv constant AP = AP + Pw rgH
Pw = rgH
PH = AP + rgH
10/1/2014
a)
b)
c)
d)
PA < PB < PC
PA < PB = PC
PA = PB = PC
PA = PB > PC
a)
b)
c)
d)
PA < PB < PC
PA < PB = PC
PA = PB = PC
PA = PB > PC
A: AP
B: AP + rgH
C: same pressure as B because they
are at the same depth.