A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system designed to capture, store,

manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical data. The acronym GIS is
sometimes used for geographical information science or geospatial information studies to
refer to the academic discipline or career of working with geographic information systems
and is a large domain within the broader academic discipline of Geo informatics.
GIS can be thought of as a system that provides spatial data entry, management, retrieval,
analysis, and visualization functions. The implementation of a GIS is often driven by
jurisdictional (such as a city), purpose, or application requirements. Generally, a GIS
implementation may be custom-designed for an organization. Hence, a GIS deployment
developed for an application, jurisdiction, enterprise, or purpose may not be necessarily
interoperable or compatible with a GIS that has been developed for some other application,
jurisdiction, enterprise, or purpose. What goes beyond a GIS is a spatial data infrastructure, a
concept that has no such restrictive boundaries.
In a general sense, the term describes any information system that integrates, stores, edits,
analyzes, shares, and displays geographic information for informing decision making. GIS
applications are tools that allow users to create interactive queries (user-created searches),
analyze spatial information, edit data in maps, and present the results of all these operations.
Geographic information science is the science underlying geographic concepts, applications,
and systems.
The first known use of the term "Geographic Information System" was by Roger Tomlinson
in the year 1968 in his paper "A Geographic Information System for Regional Planning"
Tomlinson is also acknowledged as the "father of GIS".

Applications :
GIS is a relatively broad term that can refer to a number of different technologies, processes,
and methods. It is attached to many operations and has many applications related to
engineering, planning, management, transport/logistics, insurance, telecommunications, and
business. For that reason, GIS and location intelligence applications can be the foundation for
many location-enabled services that rely on analysis, visualization and dissemination of
results for collaborative decision making.
GOOGLE MAP:
Google Maps is a desktop and mobile web mapping service application and technology
provided by Google, offering satellite imagery, street maps, and Street View perspectives, as
well as functions such as a route planner for travelling by foot, car, bicycle (beta test), or with
public transportation. Also supported are maps embedded on third-party websites via the
Google Maps API, and a locator for urban businesses and other organizations in numerous
countries around the world. Google Maps satellite images are not updated in real time;
however, Google adds data to their Primary Database on a regular basis, and most of the
images are no more than 3 years old.

The opt-in redesigned version of the desktop application has been available since 2013,
alongside the "classic" (pre-2013) version. The redesigned version was met by user criticism
regarding hiding some common functions, removing a scale bar, and lack of other features
that include My Places and sharable customized links to parameterized split Street View and
Map views.
Google Maps uses a close variant of the Mercator projection, and therefore cannot accurately
show areas around the poles. A related product is Google Earth, a stand-alone program which
offers more globe-viewing features, including showing polar areas.
Google Maps for mobile is the world's most popular app for Smartphone, with over 54% of
global smartphone owners using it at least once during the month of August 2013.
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Sijin k raj
Maneesha b nair
Hafiz Ansari