Course Contents

Week Topic
1
Overview of Database Design
Introduction to Databases Design
Database Management System (DBMS)
Database Life Cycle (DBLC)
Database Components

Week 1 Learning Objectives

Students will be able to:

explain the purpose of database

system
define main components of database
environment
explain the functions of DBMS
define main phases of database design
in DBLC

Data Storage Approaches

File-Based System

Database Approach
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Files and File Systems

Database Systems
Shared collection of logically related data (and
a description of this data), designed to meet
the information needs of an organization.
System catalogue (metadata) provides
description of data to enable program data
independence.
Logically related data comprises entities,
attributes, and relationships of an
organizations information.

Database Systems
Database system consists of logically related
data stored in a single logical data repository
May be physically distributed among multiple
storage facilities

Database Management System (DBMS)

eliminates most of file systems problems
Current generation stores data structures,
relationships between structures, access paths
Takes care of defining, storing, managing all access
paths and components
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Database Systems

Why Database?
Arose because:
No provision for security and integrity, no
recovery, no provision for sharing
Definition of data was embedded in application
programs, rather than being stored separately and
independently.
No control over access and manipulation of data
beyond that imposed by application programs.
To be effective:
Database and the Database Management System
(DBMS) is introduced.

DBMS Environment

ANSI-SPARC Three-Level Architecture

DBMS Environment

Differences between the three-Level

DBMS Environment

A system that helps to understand the

real-world situation

Makes
comparisons
Thinks
about

A real-world
situation or
problem

Database Management System

(DBMS)
A software system that enables users to
define, create, maintain, and control access
to the database.
(Database) application program: a
computer program that interacts with
database by issuing an appropriate request
(SQL statement) to the DBMS.

Database Management System

(DBMS)

Components of a DBMS

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Database
Lifecycle (DBLC)

Will be focused

Note:
Section 9 -> 10
15

Main activities in DBLC

Stages

Main Activities

Database Planning

Planning how the stages of the lifecycle can be realized most efficiently and
effectively.

System Definition

Specifying the scope and boundaries of database system.

Requirement collection and

analysis

Collection and analysis of the requirements for the new database system.

Database design

Conceptual, logical and physical design of the database.

DBMS selection

Selecting a suitable DBMS for the database system.

Application design

Design the user interface and the application program that use and process
the database.

Prototyping

Building a working model of the database system.

Implementation

Creating the physical database definitions and the application programs.

Data conversion and loading

Loading data from old system to the new system.

Testing

Database system is tested for errors and validated against the requirements
specified by the user.

Operational maintenance

Database system is fully implemented and continuously monitored.

Parallel activities in the DBLC and SDLC

Why Database Design is Important?

Database design focuses on design of
database structure used for end-user data
Designer must identify databases expected use

Well-designed database:
Facilitates data management
Generates accurate and valuable information

Poorly designed database:

Causes difficult-to-trace errors
Increase costs, degrade performances

Database Design
Process of creating a design for a database
that will support the enterprises mission
statement and mission objectives for the
required database system.
The design is made up of three (3) main
phases: conceptual, logical, and physical.
A specific approach and model are applied
for designing a proper database system.
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Database Design Approach

Main approaches include:
Top-down, Bottom-up, Inside-out, Mixed

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Database Model
Main purposes of data modeling include:
to assist in understanding the meaning
(semantics) of the data;
to facilitate communication about the
information requirements.

Building data model requires answering

questions about entities, relationships,
and attributes.
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Database Model - Example

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Database Model - Exercise

Identify data to be captured !!!, Make a list

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END OF TOPIC 1
Questions?
Thanks