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CONTENTS

1IJe WYFR Story...... 12

.. Odober 1998

Vol. 17, No. 10

By Hans Johnson
The largest private shortwave station in the
United States. WYFR , is ce lebrating its 25th year
of broadcasting, but the station's prior history goes
back several incarnations-as experimental station WIX AL; World Radio University for the
Listener (WRUL), which was taken over by the ..
US government durin g WWII ; and as commercial
station WNYW.

Cryptography - Language of Spies

18

By Dan Veeneman
Cryptograph y is the science of secure communications in the
presence of adversaries, and it can be as simple or as complicated
as you want to make it. The author walks you through a simple, but
very effective example. Encryption is also a very hot issue for

Cover Story

business, law enforcement, and Internet users, and Congress is in

Unlocking the Seaets

on Shortwave Radio
~

By Larry Va? Horn

Bleep, bleep, bleep ... bra-a-aap ... tweedle-deedl e-deeet It's
enough to scare off any beginner to
shortwave listening, but most of
these noises are anything but
"spooky." I!'s thes ound of the everyday work world using the efficiency of digital communications
to carry out its business.
What kind of business is transacted on shortwave radio? What
kinds of digital modes are these?
Larry Van Horn helps to demystify
many of themostcommon modes,
and suggestsfrequencieswhereyou
can tune them in and say "Oh-h, so
that' s what that sound is!" Starts
page 8.
To represent our focu s on
"spooks," encryption, and other
weird and wonderful signals to be
found on your radio, ourcoverwas
specially designed by Ron Brown ,
PhotoGraphics, copyright: "

the middle of the controversy.

Now it Can be Told -and Toured

22

By Jesse Finkelstein
"Project Greek Island" is a relic of the Co ld
War - a giant com plex hidden underneath the
five-star Greenbri er Resort and intended to house
the entire U.S. Co ngress in the event of a nuclear
war. Legislation is pending to tum it into a casino.

Reviews:
The reviews you 've been waiting for: Parnass credits the AOR
AR8200 with flexibility , operational co mplexity, and richness of features (p.87): Magne says the brand new Sa ngea n ATS 404 is flexible to
tune and has a nice roster of features (p,88). Ham Band s co lumnist
Kerschner is smitten with the Kenwood VC-Hl
slow scan TV- small, self-contained, and reasonably inexpensive (p.70). Elliott finds the Kenwood
FreeTalk FRS radios great for beginners (p.7 1).
Donnell gives the Radio Max scanner control
software program a successful workout (p.S5), and
Catalano does the hardware conn ections to test the new,
external, PC-based WiNRADiO WR1SOOe (p.90).

MONITORING TIMES

IISSN, 088953 41;

( PC IPN Sa les Ag ree ment # 12534921 is
published month y by
Grov e Enterprises , lnc.,
Bra sstown, North
Ca rolina , USA.

~EPARTMENTS
Wa shington Whispers .................." ."", 4
In /he Data Stream

On the Ha m Bands .."." ."""""".""" 70

Communications .................................. 6

And More! ......... ...... .... ........ ............ 71

Scanning Repa rt ............ ..................... 26

Random Scanning
Copyr ight 1998 . Periodica ls postage paid
a t Brasstown , Ne, and a dditio na l moil ing
offices. short exce rpts may be rep rinted
wi th appropria te cre di t. Co mpl ete article s
may no t be reproduce d w itho ut permiss ion .

P.o. Box 98, 7540

Address'

Highway 64 Wes l,
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fund s. lo bel indicates la st issue of subsc rip
tion. Seepag e 95 for subscription infonn ation.

Pos tmast e r:
Send add res s cha ng e s to Moniforing Times,

P.O . Box 98 , Bra sstown, NC 28902-0098 .

Disclaimer:
W hile Monitoring Times ma kes o n effort to
e nsu re the info rma tio n it p ubl ishes is accurate, it ca nno t be held liable fo r the co nte nts.
The reader assu mes a ny risk fo r perfo rming
mo difi ca tio n or constructio n p ro jects p ub lished in Monitoring Times. Opi nio n or
co nclusio ns e xp re sse d a re no t nece ssari ly
the view of Monitoring Times or G rove
Enterprises . Unsolicited ma nusc rip ts a re
accepted . SAS E if ma te ria l is to be return e d .

O w n ers
Bob a nd Judy Grove
judy@grove.net
P u b lis h e r
Bob G rove , W 8JHD
bgrove@grove.ne t

Ma n agi n g Ed it or
Rache l Bau ghn , KE40 PD
mted ito r@grove .net

A s s ista n t Ed itor
Lor ry Von Ho rn, NSFPW
Art Director
Belindo McDonald
Advertising Sv c s .
Beth Le inba ch
(8 28) 389-400 7
bel h@grove.nel

MON ITORING TIMES

Oclober ' 998

Utility World ..."""" .......... ..." .."".... 30

Spook Radio: Trick or Treat'
Digital Digest
" " " " " " ."",,,
33
w ho Uses Digital Modes?
Global Forum ........ .... ............... .... ..." 34

Two Views on Clean Signals

QSL Repart " " " ." ......... ..................." . 38
An unbeatable OX seaso n
English Lang SW Guide
.""". 39
Propa ga tion Conditions " ....." ." ..._.. 60

Ionospheric Modification
Programming Spad ight ""...." .""
61
Shortwave a s a Learning Experience
Beginner' s Corner ".".".".""""""
62
"Spooky" Radio listening
Ask Bab
""" .." "
" . 64
l isten an d See your Infrared Control
Below 500 kHz
66

Better Beginnings
America n Bandscan .." ." " " "
The Expanded-Band Times
""
Outer Limits

"

67
68

The Kenwaod VC-H1

Kenwaod's Easy-to-Use FreeTalk
Antenna Tapics ..... ...... ........" .".".".. 72
Same Hard-to-Spy Antenna s
Experimenters Warkshop ""."""".""" 74
Automafic NiCd CellDischarger
PeS Frant Line
76

Cellular Cryptography and GSM

Federal File .............. ......" ..".." "."" 78
FBI to Obtain New Ra dio System
Plane Talk " ....." ......."""""."_". ",,. 80

Coming to Terms with Radar

What's New ..... ..................."" .""".. 82
Review " ."" ."."" " " ."""" .""" ,_"." " " . B5

Future Scanning Systems' Radio Max

Sca nning Equipment
AORAR8200 Scanner
Magne Tests
" " .""
Sa ngean ATS 404 Economy Portable
Camputers & Radio .."
First look at WinRadio 's WR1500e
Letters ."""."""" ".".",,,,,
,,
Stack Exchange .." " .."
Closing Comments ._
legisla tors above the la w?

86
88
90
92

94
96

WREC Retires From Broadcasting

I
EDITORIAL STAF F
I

Correspondence to columnists mey be moiled c/o Monltoflng

TImes, ony request for 0 reply should include an SASE.

Frequency Manager .
.... Gayle Von Horn
gayle@grove.net
.... Da vid Da tko , Mark J. Fine
Frequency Mon itors ....
Prog ram Manoger .
..
Jim Frimme J..
.
frimmeJ@sta r telegra m.com
Ame rica n Bandscon . .
Do ug Smith, W 9WI
w9wi @bellsout h.net
And Mor e! .
.
Jock Elliott KB2GOM
Iigh tkeep er @sprintmai l.com
.. c1emsmal@bilterroot.net
Antenna Topics
W. Clem Small, KR6A
Beginner' s Co rne r
T.J. Are y, WB2GHA
. tja rey @home .com
..
Kev in Ca rey, WB2QMY
Io wba nd @ga lewa y.ne t
Below 500 kHz .
Co mpute rs an d Radio
John Ca ta lono
i- ca ta lano@conk ne l.com
Digital Digest ..
.. Bob Evans
revan s@tel a1.net
bche ek@san .rr .co m
Expe rime nter's Wks hp
Bill Cheek
Federa l File .. .
..
John Fulford, WA 4V PY .
.. JO HN F04 13 @ao l.com
K.I.S. Rad io
Richard Arla nd , K7SZ
k7sz @juno .ne t
Megne Te sts ..
..
La wren ce Magne
Milcom ..
.. Lo rry Von Ho rn N5FPW
Ior ry@g rove .net
.. Ike Kersch ner , N3 lK
O n the Hom Band s . .
O uter limits.
.
Geo rg e Zeller
Ge o rg e .Ze ller @acclink. com
PCS Front li ne
Don Veenemcn
dan @decode .com
.... Jean Baker , KI N9DD
Plan e Talk ..
Prog ramm ing Spotlight
John Figliozzi , KC2BPU
jfiglio l @nycop .rr.com
Propagation .
.
Ja cqu e s d' Avig non
mon itor @ra c .co
QSL Corner ..
..
Gayle Va n Horn
ga yle@grove .net
Sca nning Eq uipment .. ..
Bob Pcmo ss. AJ9S
Sca nning Report
Richa rd Barne ll
Sca nMas ter @ao l.com
SW Broadcasting
G lenn Hau se r
ghauser@hotma il.com
SW Broadcast Log s
Ga yle Von Hc m ..
..
gayle@grove .ne t
Utility World
Hugh Stegmo n, NV6 H
d river B@nelco m.co m
Wa sh ington W hispers
.... Fred Maio , W5Y I
fma ia@internetMCI.com

NOTE: The Grove Enterp rises inte rnet add res s ha s changed . To find all your favo rite pages fo llow the
linb from www.g rove .ne tor try the new address www.q rc ve -e nt.cc rn 10 find the M on ito ring Times
web pages.

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By Fred Maia, W5YI

fmaia@;nlerneIMCI.com

In the Data Stream

A mess age encoded by th e U.S .
Government's 56-bit d ata en cryption s ta n d ard has been b roken in a co mputer indu str y
co ntest in less than thr ee d ays. A cus tom-bu ilt
comp ute r tested 88 bill ion diff erent co mb ination s each second for 56 hours until it fou nd
the co rrec t o ne . Pre vio us co ntes ts e nli sted
computers linked together throu gh the Internet.
hut took weeks or eve n mont hs to comple te.
Th ree da ys is a ne w record.
Th e co ntest wa s inte nded to alert the govern ment that the on ce -tho ug ht- secure stand ard is in j eopardy o f bei ng deciphered by
enemy gove rnme nts at wh im.
Th e answe r, say co mp ute r expe rts: " I t's
time for those 12X-, 192- and 25 6- b it ke ys..'
S prea d S pectru m (SS) is a techni qu e
w he reby microscopi c h its o f the trans mitted
radi o sig nal arc dist ribu ted over a wide segmen t o f s pec tru m a nd rea ssembl ed accord ing
to a formul a. T he sig nal po we r den sity is
typ ica lly very low and the durati on of a tran smi ssion o n any frequ ency in the seg ment of
the spec tru m can be hut a frac tio n ofa sec o nd .
T he b ig ad vantage o f SS syste ms is that they
ca n share spectru m desp ite a numbe r of stations already occupying the band. Spread Spe ctrum was or igi na lly de veloped for the U.S .
militar y as a way of tra nsm itt ing undetectab le
communications unde r the no ise le vel.
Th e FCC sa id they we re workin g 0 11 a
No tice of Pro po sed Ru le mak ing to e liminate
rules that rest rict amateur statio ns to transm ittin g only frequ en cy hoppi ng and di rect sequencin g sp read ing techni q ues. Ado pt io n is
a ntic ipated.
FlU say s it mu st st a y curre n t with e volv in g techno log y. The Justi ce De pt. h,IS aske d
C o ngress to ad d lan gu age to an appropria tio ns
bill tha t wo u ld provi de pol ice with the prec ise
locati on o f ce ll ular telepho ne use rs.
T he sur ve illance informatio n wo uld be p rov ided witho ut a co ur t orde r w he n there is
susp ic ion o f a felony , pursu it of a fugi tive or
w he re human safety is in jeopard y.
A trian g ula tio n sche me cu rrently being
depl oyed by 9 11 e merge ncy ce nter s is used to
pinpoint users by measuring variances in signal st reng th. Civi l- libert ies ad vocates are ca ll-

MONITORING TIMES

October ' 998

ing it a dan gerou s an d un con sti tuti onal invasio n o f pri vacy.

T he FCC has entered into a n agreement

with A I)CO wh ich look s toward resolvi ng
in terfe ren ce co mp lain ts plaguin g po licc and
pu bl ic safe ty rad io. A PeO is the Associatio n
o f Pub lic Safet y Communication s Offi ci als .
Unde r the ag ree men t. A PCa wi ll foll o w
an FCC techn ica l and ad nuni strat ivc standard
to co llec t a ll information relevant to process a
com pliance or inter fe ren ce matter.
Th is is the second such I:CC/industry agre eme nt th at the Co m miss io n has entered into . A
s im ila r M e mo ra ndum of U nd crstandi ng
(M O U I was recent ly sig ned wi th the Indu strial Te lecommu nication s Ass o ciation. Inc ..
co ve ring inter fere nce to busi ness band users
caused hy non -compl ian t andlor unli censed
o perator s.

O n .luly 29th, t he FCC approved the us c

of s tra tos p heric plat forms as telecommuni cat io ns s tations. They will operate in the47.24R. 2 G H z hand w hic h the FCC w ill auctio n.
C O MSA T has bee n aw arded the co ntract 10
prov ide the proprie ta ry high -sp eed Intern et
and da ta sys te m aboard the Sky S tation.
T he S ky S tatio n sys tc m is a ne twork o f
lig hte r-than -air p lat fo rms (each aboutt he size
o f a football fiel d ) which arc held in a geos tation ar y po sitio n abo lit 70 .000 feet ab o ve the
Eart h. It is basically a re pe ater ab oard a ze ro pres sure ha lloon ho verin g o ver maj or metro po lita n areas. Ultimately ut lea st 250 Sky
Stat ion pl utfonns will he d ep loy ed worldw ide
o ve r large c ities .
Ea ch 1.000 kilom eter foot print is expec ted
to prov ide service with in three yea rs to mil lio ns of s ubsc ribe rs. In tern et speeds arc
p lanned to be 2 Mb ps (up link) and 10 Mbps
(down li nk )- mo re than 300 times faster tha n
mo st o f toda y' .s d ial-up mo de ms.
The IT U last ye ar d esignat ed 60() M Hz o f
s pectrum wor ld wide for lise by h ig h alt itude
S tratosph eric Tel ecomm unic ati on s Sys te m
(STS ) pl atfor ms.
T h e FCC h a s a d opted r ul es that protect
Ve h icl c Radar C o llis io n A voidance Sys tems from interfere nce by amat eur statio ns in

the 76 -77 G Hz hand . A mateur operat io n is

bei ng s us pended - at least te mp ora rily - in
th is portion of the -t-milfimcrcr ban d.
To o ffset a ny pot ent ia l impact 0 11 amateu r
se rvice o pe rat io ns resu lting from this s us pen s io n. the FCC has amende d its rules to establish a co-primary allocat ion in the 77 .5- 78
G H z ban d for the A mat eur and A mate urSatellite Se rvices.
Th e Co mm issio n stat ed its intenti o n to
re visit the issue of w hethe r the 76-7 7 G Hz
band can be shared with amate ur sta tio ns or
other users withi n fiv e yea rs and that i fit wer e
to become appa ren t that partic ular ty pes of
rad io se rvice s or devices will not interfe re
with ve h icle radar sys te ms or if adeq uate
sharing criteria can be es tab lished. the restri ction cou ld be lifted.

T he futu r e of the multi bill ion-dolla r

S02-ton I nte rna tion al Spa ce S ta ti on (ISS )
is in doubt. T he fi ve-year co nstructio n proje ct
is o ff 10 a had sta rt and Co ngress wa nts so me
answers. W h ile sixteen coun tries are in vol ved.
the primary co nt rac tors arc the United Stat es
and Russia. It w ill lak e so me 45 Am eri can
sh uttle Il ig hrs a nd 15 R uss ia n rocket la unches
to build the ISS.
The first two [SS modules. the Func tiona l
Cargo Blo ck a nd the U nity Node mad e by the
Un ited States are no w du e to he lau nche d in
Novembe r with the third ele ment due for lift o ff in A pri l. But comp letion of the c ritica l
Russia n-funded and construct ed Service Mo dulc is way behind sched u le du e to chro nic
fina ncing pro blems.
Th e Ru ssia n Space Age nc y needs $ 100
m illio n no w. hut the R ussian gov er nmen t has
ye t to pro vide the money. To hail Russia o ut.
NASA want s 10 "borrow" mo ne y from its
fiscal 1999 appro priat io ns to " le nd" to Russia
to get the proj ect bac k on trac k. NASA a lso
has plans 0 11 the back burner to make a S 170
m illi on subs titute mo del callcd the Inte rim
C o ntro l Mo d ule if Russ ia re neges.
S pace stat io n critics wa nt to kill the project
entirel y. Meanw hile. the end is near fo r the
troubled l z-ycar o ld Russian Mil' space station . It will be retired - di tch ed in the ocean
- in Jun e 1999 . six mo nths ea rlier than ex pect ed.

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October ' 998

MONITORING TIMES

COMMUNICATIONS

Monitoring Times ond

Satellite Times to Merge
Satellite Times, our sister magazine.
was intended to address space communications. the emerging frontier. It was an
outstandin g vehicle for unique, high-quality articles on space-related stories from
spy satellites to the space shuttle 10 astronom y.
Unfortunately. its sphere of influence
was more limited than we expected, and
subscriptions never met the level req uired
to sustain it. W ith an impending cos t increase in paper and postage, we were forced
10 termi nate the project. As Bob Grove, the
pu blisher. para phrased an old j oke wryly,
"T he operation was a success, but the patient died!"
We di d atte mpt to find an interested
party 10 mai ntain the magazine' s momentum, but the businesses we contacted had
their ow n pressures and deadlines.
In the end. the " Monitoring Ti mes"
sty le of magazin e that treats techn ical topics in a read ab le, straig htforw ard m anner
seems to rem ain our own, unique vis ion.
and it is a log ical so lution fo r the magazi nes to joi n forces.
Next mo nth you will begin to see th e
results o f th is merger as we ad d more pages
and wide n the co verage of MT s alre ad y
broad spectru m. We we lcome Sat ellite
Times readers to the "new " Monito ring
Times. We invite all o ur reader s to bask in
the wealth of information now available to
you in our pa ges, support our new ad vert isers, and to contact us about add ition al
top ics yo u' d like to see in com ing mon ths.
And if yo u hav e qu estions about any of
these areas o f comm unications , plea se feci
free to wr ite to our edito rs fo r cl arifi cations.
..MT is an education," one rea der wrote
rece ntly - but we hope you' lI agre e that
ir s also a heck of a lot of fun !

What Privacy?
We've received numero us cl ipp ings from
ne wspapers and magazines th at refute the notion that our lives ar e priva te. O ur e-m ail. com pu ters. pho nes. ba throoms. dressi ng rooms, and
even the com pany wat er cooler may he bu gged .
videotaped, viewe d or tap e recor ded . Computer
files and e- mail you tho ught you de leted ca n be
recreated. A nd we all know about the vulner ab ility o f cor d less and ce llular phon es.
As surve illance equipme nt ge ts sma ller and
more affordable (an d our soc iety gets more
litigiou s" ) mor e and more or d ina ry peopl e are
spy ing o n ea c h ot her. We have met Big Brother
... and he is us!

MONITORING TIMES

Odobe, 1998

Octobe r 2-4: Ha milton, ON

Th e O ntario D X A ssociation in vites radio
enthusiasts of all interests and all levels to
Radio Fe st 98, themed "Comm unications Into
O ur Future." Spec ial guests will include Larry
Magne, John Figliozz i, Kim A ndr ew Ellio tt
and Bruce Elv ing. Locati on : Mo ha wk Co llege. Ex hib its, used equip me nt. sem inars,
Sa t. banq uet (ke ynote speak er, Larry Ma gnc).
S un. breakfast (s peake r. Dr. Elving) . $ 15 for
the entire co nve ntion, $5 for one-day attendance . Ta lk-in 44 2.800+. For furt he r info rmat ion : wnw.durhamradio.caJodxal Email:7{).JOO.2660 @comp userve.com.O ntario
DX Associatio n, P.O . Bo x 16 1, Station A.
Willowdale, Ontario M2N 558. Canada

October 4: Queens, NY
Hall of Science ARC hamfesr at the NY Hall
of Sc ience parki ng lot. Fl ushing Meadow
Corolla Park. 47- 0 1 11Ith St. Talk-ill444.200
PL 136 .5. Ad miss ion by don ati on , 9 am. Info
(eve nings) Stephe n G reenba um WB 2KDG
(7 18) 898-5599, IVB2KDG @bigfoot.com

Oct ober 11: Walling ford, CT

6t h Annu al Nutmeg Ham fest (CT state convention) is be ing held at Mountainside. a
fantas tic new speci al event facility located o n
High Hill Road 2 miles from Exit 15off 1-95.
Gen eral adm iss io n $6. VE testing (p reregister with Joel Cumeal (203) 235-6932) Fo r
ot he r in form ati on co ntact Gordon BarkerK IBIY. 9 Edge Wood Rd. Portl and, CT
06480, (860) 342 -325 8 or www .q sl.n et/
nutm eghamlest, nu tmeghamf est @qsl.net

Hackers, Hackers Everywhere

Every yea r the re arc a bout 250.000 attempt s
to hack pa st the Pentagon' s sec urity, accord ing
to congress ional rese arche rs. T his past year '1Il
or gani zed e ffort successfully accessed unc las sificd Pentagon payroll and per sonnel data. It
was thou gh I to he the wo rk o f youthfu l hacker s:
"Hac king tod ay is a recogni zed spo rt: ' sa id
Strass mann. the Pentagon ' s te rmer i nformation
techn ology ch ie f.
Pagers have been a favor ite target of hacker s
of an other kind . White Hou se pa gers have not
only been intercep ted in Wash ingto n. D.C.. but
so appare ntly we re page r messages fro m law
enforce me nt age nc ies protecting the Presiden t
\V h~ 11 he visite d Dallas th is past su mmer. <1(; cording to an W fAA TV report.
The hacker who contacted WFAA said he

Oc tober 18: Sell ersville, PA

RH Hill A RC is sponso ring a hamfest at the
rebuilt Sellersville Fire Hou se, Rt 152. 5 mi .
S ofQuakertow n, 8 mi. N of Mont gomery ville.
Talk-in 145.3 1. VE testin g 10- 1, bring doc uments. Adm iss ion $5. Info : Linda Erdman
KA3TJZ (21 5) 679-5 764. 2220 Hill Rd.
Perkiomen ville, PA 18074 , www.rfhill.am
pr.org

Ca nceled : T he Pa lm Beach Cou nty. FL

Harnfest scheduled fo r Oc tober 17 and 18,
1998, has been cancelled due to co ntrac t
probl ems w ith the So uth Florida Fairgro unds
Exp o Ce nter. The searc h is un derway for a
new location fo r th e 1999 Hamfest.

CLUB NEWS:
New Club - Inland NorthWes t Ra di o Activity Networ k is a mo nitori ng gro up w ith an
interest in most communicat ions systems in
the W A. ID, O R area. The re is no cost; all yo u
need is an E-ma il box and to be a resident of
one of the three states listed . Send you r e nquiry to i.n.w.r.a.n tirj uno.com

Triangle Ar ea ScannerlS \V Liste ning

Gro up: Meets the th ird Monda y of each
month at the EI Rod eo restaurant on Pleasant
Valley Road (off Glenwood Ave . in Raleigh) .
Meal at 6 :30 and m eet ing starts 7:30. Monday
nigh t net is tempora rily suspended until 146.64
repeater is ba ck in service. T here are no dues
o r fees fo r participating in the Tri ang le Sca nnerlSW L S IG . Info: e- ma il Bob Zeher
(k e4jvy @juno .com) o r Ke ll y M ill s
(ae4f g @j uno .c:om)

wanted (0 expose sec urity flaws 10 force co mpanies to bett er protec t data and privacy. Page Ne t
said new secu rity measures wo uld be in place by
the end o f th is year.
Sec urit y against hackers was of ver y high
co ncern during the President ' s recen t testimo ny
to the G ra nd Ju ry. according to a CNN story.
Even though no part of the s ignal was tra nsmitted by wirele ss means. the pict ure bei ng show n
the jury co uld he vulnerable unless shielded.
Rad iation fro m a T V or monitor scree n is vulncra blc to the "Tempest re ceiv er." which ca ll he
bought or buil t using information off the Internet.
T hen there arc the hackers that boasted to a
Se nate committee tha t they could cripp le the
Internet in a half-ho ur. In the o pinion o f Se nator
Jo hn G lenn. " ' n some ways it' s a w ho le new
way of ma king warfare. I don 't thi nk tha t ove rs tates it o ne hit."

COMMUNICATIONS
Hacking with the NSA

Under an agreement 0 11 shared security

interests, Britain 's Men with Hill serves as a
remote monitoring post f or th e NSA .
In June of 1997 the Na tional Sec urity Agency
(NS A) demonstrat ed that they could hack into
the Pacitic Com ma nd 's battle-ma nagement co mputer s and U.S . power grids. Now the Na tio nal
Aeronau tics and Space Adm inist ration (NAS A)
ha s asked the NSA to try to pe netrate its networks (0 ex pose vulnera bi lities .
Th e study breaks new gro und for the NSA.
si nce it is barred fro m part ici pating in domestic
ac tivi ties un less invited . John Pike of the Fed eration o f A mer ican Sc ient ists sa id, 'T his is the
next big step in NSA 's ex panding role in dome stic in for mation sec urity ... Th ere arc conce rns
about the pot ential for ab use o f this type of
activ ity:'
T he NS A 's usual act ivity is g loh al snoo ping .
Accordi ng to a Euro pean Commi ss ion report
quo ted by The Weekly Telegraph. "W ithin Euro pe all e- mail, tele phon e and fax co m munications are routinely inte rcep ted by the United
States Nationa l Se curity Agen cy .....
Th e rep ort, enti tled Axsessillg the Techno!ogies oj Political Control, wa s the first so lid
co nfi rma tion of a sa te llite network d ubbed Echclan . 'T he Ec he lon sys tem wo rks by indiscrim inate ly interce pt ing very large q uantities of
co m munica tions and then s ipho ning out wha t is
valuab le using art ificial intelligence aids ... to
lin d key wor ds."
T he rep or t reco mm end s: "T he Euro pean
Parl iament should reject pro posa ls from the
United S tates for making private messages via
the g loba l co m munications networ k (Interne t)
acc ess ible 10 US inte llige nce age nc ies."

Bruce Sc hne ier, a cry ptog raphe r and critic of

the gove rn ment's insisten ce o n access to encry ptio n, sa id the panel fa iled beca use of the
impossib ility of meeting the needs of both law
enforcers and industry, according to a Reu ters
re po rt.
T he batt le is shap ing up w ith law enforcement agencies (who fear stro ng encryption will
be used for crim inal pu rposes) insisting on ga ining access, being p itted agai nst indu stry grou ps,
Intern et user s. and Co ngress ionalleaders pushing for stro ng privacy prot ect ion .
Acc ording to the Reu ters article by Aaron
Pressman , foreign govern me nts are also co nce rne d that the poli cy will enable U.S. gove rnmen t age nc ies to read their e- ma il. ... (G uess
what? Looks like they alrea dy do !)
For more di sc uss io n o n all these issues and
propo sed legislati on , visit the Ce nter for Dem o cra cy and T echn ol o g y w eb s ite at
www .cd t.orglcr ypto

Felons tracked bysatellite

G loba l Positioni ng Sate llites have a new use.
Th ey ca n enable correct ions officers to trac k
vio lent fe lons or sex o ffenders wi thi n five feet
of thei r locatio n. W es ley Way ne Mill er was
co nv icted of a particular ly gruesome m urder of
a high -school classm ate. No w. aft er s ixtee n
ye ars in prison he ' s occas ionally allo wed to
leave his ce ll in T arra nt Co unty, Texas, bu t he
we ars an elec tronic m onit or on one ank le and a
satellite tracking device o n the other.
O hio has also j oined Texas. Ne braska. and
New Jer sey in trying this sys te m which is also
be ing used to keep tab s o n sus pects aw aiting
trial and those se rv ing se ntences o utside o f
prison . T he sys te m req uires the wea rer to remai n w ithin a fe w feel o f a tra nscei ver pack.
Oh io says the cost of tracki ng via satel lite is less
expe nsive than the $40-70 per day co st of a day
in j ai l.

Tracking Tripp
Monicu Lewinskys friend, Lind a T ri pp. was

Neighborhood Tormenter
Sentenced
In Virginia Beach. Virg inia. John A. Halstead.
Jr. was co nvic ted of 21 offenses and sent ence d
to 40 mont hs in jai l for invadi ng the private
phones and lives of his neigh bo rs.
Usi ng a sc anne r, Halstead intercep ted ce llular and co rd less phon e calls, deciphered thei r
touch ton e sec urity co des. and map ped out the
neigh bo rhood. For two years he co ntro lled the
te lephones and answer ing machines and d isrup ted the lives of the ne ighborhood with
harrassing. sometimes po rnographic , and so metimes threaten ing messages and co nstant ly ringing pho nes. He gai ned such expe rtise that , had
he no t bra gged about his ex p lo its. he migh t
never have be en caug ht. acc ording to the pro sec utor.
It was a s ituatio n th at had no sen tenc ing
guidel ines, said Ci rcu it J udge Frederick Lo we.
A psychologi st testified that Halstead (w ho in
the fina l mont hs before he was ca ught rarely left
his bedr oom ) suffered fro m a sc hizo id-type
per so nality disor der.
" Communications" is com p iled and edited by Rachel Ba ug h n, wi th help from the se
fine fo lks who sen t in cl ippings from their world
of rad io: Anonymous. NY; Bill from Kent: Harry
Ba ughn. NC; Gracmc Browni ng. COT ; E.
Hochstancr. \V A: Maryanne Kehoe . GA: Gerald
Kercher. CT: Kevin Klein. WI: Michael Lenanc,
1'1.; Larry Magne. PA: Doug Robertson, CA: Ed
Savage, AR: Ed Schwartz, IL; Bob Scott. VA;
Richard Sklar. \V A; Gayle and Larry Van Hom, NC.

Wanting it Both Ways

Rel iab le sec urity and lim ited access ma y be
mut ually excl usive. A US governme ntal panel
tasked with design ing a feder al com puter system [hat wou ld inclu de " bnck doors" was unabl e
to do so by the two-year de adline. T he gro up
(w hich referred to itself as " Hob" instead of
T ACD FIPSFKMI) said it "e nco untere d some
significant tec hnical prob lems that, without reso lut ion . prevent the developmen t of a usefu l
FIPS" (Fede ral Info rma tion Processin g Standard ).

the hottest sto ry in Washingto n fo r a time, and

every repo rte r wa nted to ge t to her. In a phone
interview with the Kansas City Star , T rip p ' s
lawyer Jim Mood y cl aimed tha t a trac king ch ip
was found in a bouq uet of flowe rs inte nde d for
her . " I thin k it was j ust a re port er trying to fi nd
o ut whe re Lind a was hiding: ' he said.
Mood y said he decid ed to ha ve so me fun by
tossing the chip into a luggage rack on a tra in
bound for Florida.

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October 1998

MONITORING TIMES

... ...,

..

"

.....,

o
By Larry Van Horn
MT Staff Writer

h ink back 10 the first lime yo u ever

sal dow n in fro nt o f a sho rtwave
radio . As yo u turned that radio dial
for the fi rst time . a pletho ra o f non -verbal rad io
sig nals co uld be heard co ming fromt he speake r.
In fac t. the o ne thing that impresses and sca res
most ne wcome rs is the lar ge varie ty of w histles .
ton es. gru nts. squeals and othe r audio rad iati ng
fro m yo ur sho rtwave rad io speaker. W hile these
noi ses can co nfound and co nfuse the new co me r. they a lso add a ce rtai n amou nt of mystery and intrig ue 10 spanning the world via
shortwave radio.
W here do these signals come from and wh at
arc all those wei rd no ises that you hear o n yo ur
shortwa ve radio? It' s time to unlock some of
the mystery signals o n sho rtwave radio.

upper/lower sideband mode on yo ur recei ver. I

norm a lly tunc around the sho rtwave spectrum
in the uppe r sideband mode to look for both
voice and data sig nals.
T he re arc ce rtain types of signals that yo u
will ne ver decod e beca use they arc being se nt
by the U.S. m ilitary and arc encry pted (or
co ded) . T hese arc usua lly r adio teletype
(RTTY) wh ich arc bei ng sent at 75 word s per
minute (w pm} with X50 Hertz (Hz) shift. Tunc
aro und 12700 kHz d uring dayligh t hou rs and
42 80 kHz du ring the o vernig ht hou rs for e xamplcs of this so rt of transm issio n.
If yo u arc look ing for so me U.S. military
RTTY tran smi ssion s in the clcar funcncryp tcd ).
try tun ing in 3228 o r 5904 kHz d uring evening
hours in No rth Am e rica for the U.S. A ir Force

A WORLD FULL OF DIGITAL SIGNALS

Although there ' s plenty o n sho rtwave to
kee p us guessing, most of the mystery signals
that a newcomer encou nter s o n sho rtwave are
very ei.lsy to expla in. Th ey arc nothing more
than digita l transm issio n modes. These digital
modes ca rry text and graphic infor mat ion. and
if you have a suitable decoder and rece iver. yo u
can usually read or sec the infor mation be ing
transmi tted . So let ' s take a q uick to ur of some
of the easier to hea r signal type s and take so me
of the mystery o ut of listening to shortwave.
Hrg inner's fl int: When tun ing the sho rtwave bands for digital signals be sure to select
the BFO (beat frequency osc illator) sideband or

MONITORING TIMES

October 1998

GOES WEFAX image courtesy of OFS

weatherfa x

Ai r Weathe r Se rvice broadcasts from Offu tt

Air Force Base (AFR). You ca n also hea r other
RTTY AWS brondcnsts from U.S. Navy transminers in Key West. Flo rida. o n 7784, 98 30 .
11118. 12835 and 19359 HI,..
A nother co mmon signal the listener will
enco unter is the fa csim ile (fax ) broadca st. Most
peo ple arc familia r with the office fax machine.
and the sho rtwa ve vers ion of th is type of tran smission doc s pretty much the same thing . Fax
broadcasts on sho rtwave arc used primari ly to
se nd weathe r c harts and satel lite photographs.
The easiest fax signal to hear o n shortwave
is broadcast from the U.S. Nav y station in
Norfo lk. Virginia (NAM ). Loo k for the ir 120
revolut ions pe r minute (rpm) signal (standard
based on the dru m rotatio n speed of older
mechanical fax machincs)on 3357 . 8080 . 10865.
15959 and 200 15 kllz.
Anot her dig ital mod e that is still used in the
sho rtwave spectrum is Morse cod e. Yes. Bunky.
I said Morse code ! Morse code is the simples t
of digital mode s. since it is nothing mo re than
o n/o ff keying of the uu nsrniucr used in vario us
seq ue nces to form letters. numbers and punctua tion. Morse cod e o r co ntinuous wav e (CW )
transmissio ns can hefound throu ghout the sho rtW;' \ Vc spec tru m. but the y will be es pecia lly
co ncentrate d in the lower port ions of the high
frequ ency (HF) amateur rad io band s. C heck
OUI the follow ing freq uency ranges for C W
signa ls: 3500 -3750. 70lKl-7 150. 10 100- 10150.
14000- 141 50. IK06 K- IKI IO. 2 100 0-2 1200.

24890-24930. and 28000-283 00 kH z.

Co mputer enthusias ts arc fami liar w ith the
term AS CII (American Standard C od e for

Infur matlon Interchange) and this mode is

used in the H F wo rld primarily o n amateur
radio frequencies. One co nsisten t ASC II broadca ster is the American Radio Re lay League
(ARRL) in Newi ngton. Co nne cticut. Th e officia l League station W l AW se nds telepri nter
bulletins several tim es a day on 36 25. 7095,
14095, 18 10 2.5. 2 109 5, and 28095 kHz . WI AW
bulletin s arc se nt aI45,45-baud RTIY (Baudot)
and IOO-baud AMTOR . II O-baud FEC Mode
B. and ASC II. The ASC II broadca sts arc se nt
only :.IS time allows. Yo u ca n get a complete
sc hedule in the latest issue of QSTmagaz ine or
at the League web site : http://www.a rrl.o rg.

Am aleur radio
operators practice

packet comms
dur ing Fie ld Day
ill Carey, NC.
(Pho to by Harry
Ba ug hn)

A not her mode widely used by ama teur s and

some other utilit y stations is packet (Ax25). If
you wan t a taste of wha t packet signals sound
like. tunc through the fo llowing freq uency
ran ges: 3620-3 635, 7100-7105. 10140- 10150.
14 1IXl.5-1411 2. 180 15- 18 110. 2 1090-2 1100.
249 25-249 30 and 28120-28189 kHz .
Amateur operators also tra ns mit a form of
television signals called Slow Sca n TV (SSTV)
on shortwave freq uencies . If you wa nt to hear
w hat tho se signals sou nd like , tunc your reccivcr to the followi ng freque ncies: 3845. 7 171,
14 230. 21340 and 28680 k Hz .

ERROR CORRECTION MODES

SITO RA . also known as ARQ, TORlARQ
or AMTOR-A , is a co mmon sy nchronous tran smission and automat ic repetition d ig ital mode
used by amateurs. mar ine servi ces and so me
d iplomatic age ncies . You can find a large co nce ntration of S ITORA or SITOR B (see below ) signals in the narrowband d irect printi ng
mar ine sub-bands. Search the following frequency ranges with your receiver and decod er
for coas tal stations using the S ITOR modes:
42 10.5-4 2 19. 6 3 14.5-6 330, 84 16.5 -8 43 6.
125 79 .5-1 2656.5 . 16 80 7-1 69 0 2. 5 . 196 81 1970 3. 22 376 .5-22443.5 and 26 101-26120.5
kH z.
SITOR- II. also ca lled FE C . TOR/FEC,
AM TOR-B and NA VTEX , is primari ly used
for one -way broadcast informati on trunsrni s-

slons such as mar ine traffic lists, weather. and

navigation bull etins. A great freque ncy to test
your S ITOR -B tuning abi lity is the wo rldwide
NA VTEX (navigat iona l and meteoro log ica l
warnings and urgent info rmatio n for ship s)
freq ue ncy of 5 18 kl-lz, righ t be lo w the AM
broadcast band. Anot her NA VTEX frequency
to mo nitor using the SITOR-B mode is 4209.5
kHz.
Yo u will a lso find SITOR-B act ivity on the
following frequencies :

PACTOR is a sys tem designed to use the

burst capab ility of packet with the error correction techn iques o f S ITOR . Thi s mode is used by
amateur radio and m ilitary affi liate radio se rvice (MARS) op erations, gov ernment age nc ies. and age nci es s uch as the Uni ted Na tion s
and the International Red C ross.
If you wa nt to hear what AMTOR and
PACfOR modes so und like. try tu nin g in the
U.S. Navy MARS International Digita l Network (lDN). You will hear quite a bit of activity
on the freq uenci es noted in tab le o ne.

Distress and Safety: 2174.5,4 177.5 .

6268. 8376.5. 12520 and 16695 kHz
Ma rine Safety Informat ion :42 1O. 6 3 14.
8465. 12579. 16806.5, 19680.5. 22376
and 26100.5 kHz

Digita l Selective Calling (DSC) is a variation of the S ITOR-B mode, bu t it uses a spec ial
set of 127 sy mbols in addition to a IO-bit error
co rrection code. DSC signals are short, usually
lasting about 6-7 seconds. Thi s system is used
to establi sh initial contact betwee n sh ips and
shore stations. The se DSC tran smi ssio n arc
part of a bigger system known as the g lobal
mar iti me d istre ss and safety sys tem (G M DSS).
For more information on GMDSS . sec the story
Safetya t Sell Goes Hi-Tech by Jo n Van All en in
the Au gust 1995 issue of Monitoring Times.
The fo llo win g f re q ue nc ie s utilize the
G MDSS/DSC mode:
Coastllnter s hip : 2 177 kHz
Distr ess and Safety: 2 187.5 . 4207.5 .
63 12.84 14.5. 12577 and 16804 .5 kHz
S h ip St ation s ' 2 189 .5 . 4208 -4209.
6 3 12.5-63 13.5 . 84 15-84 16. 12577. 512578 .5. 16 8 0 5 -1 6 80 6 . 18 8 9 8 .5 18899.5.22374.5-22375.5 and 25208.525209.5
CoaSial Stat ions: 42 19.5-422 0.5 . 633 16 332, 8436.5 -8437 .5 , 12657- 1265 8.
16903 - 16904. 19703 .5-19704.5.2244422445 and 26 12 1-26 122 kHz

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Fax:'(318) 861 ~7068

MON ITORING TIMES

level experie nced o n HF radio frequencies. a ir

crew s usually prefe r (Q tu m 1.10\\'n the audio
le vel of their HF rece iver unt il ale rted via
selective ca lling (SE LC AL ) of a message specifically inte nded fo r their aircra ft.
Whc n an ae ronautica l g round stat ion wi shes
to communica te with an ai rcraft. they e nte r into
a SEL CAL encoder the -t-lcue r code of tha t
ai rcr aft. and tran smit that code over the as sig ned HF radi o channel. All aircraft monit or ing that channe l receive the SELC AL broad cast, but only those that have been programmed
with that -l-lctter codc will respo nd by so unding
a chime or otherwise ale rting the crew. Th e
c re w will then set thei r vol u me cont ro l hig her to
listen to the voice tra ffic from the ground stulion .
Each code co mp rises two pairs of ton es. the
first pa ir bein g transmitted for appro ximately I
sec o nd. and the seco nd pair bei ng tran smitted
for the same du rat ion fo llo wing a 0.2 sec ond
pause. T he individual tone frequ enc ies are
kno wn by a lette r desi gnator A through M. plus
P. Q. R and S. but no t incl udin g the letter I. Th is
allows for a tota l of 10,920 SE LC AL codes.
A typ ica l SE LCALcode is " AB-C D:' which
indicates that the frequenci es designat ed by

November / 9, /997 - A nytime ,

A nywhere. USS George Washington
ICVN?3) is enroute to th e Arabian Gulf
ill response 10 rising tens ions between
th e United Nations and Iraq . (V .S. Navy
photo bJ' Photographer 's Mat e Seco nd
Class Rob ert Catalano)

CIVILIAN AI RCRAFT BAND DIGITAL

SIGNALS
Aircraft band sc anner enthusiasts are familiar with the ter m AC A RS (A irc raft Com mu nica tion and Reporting Sys te m ). but recen tly
AC ARS testing has been co nducted in the HF
spectrum . ACA RS rela ys Aircraft Operat iona l
Contro l (AO C ), Airli ne Adm inistrative Co ntrol (AI\ C ). and Air T ra ffic Co ntro l (ATe )
messages between g round-based organizatio ns
and the ai rc raft coc kpit .
In add ition to the VHF (11 8- 136 MH Z )
AC AR S frequencie s wh ich scanner e nthus iasts arc familiar with. AC ARS coverage is also
a vail a bl e wo rldwi de thro ug h AR I NC ' s
G LOB ALi nk sate llite serv ice ( lnmar sa t l and
G LOBAl.in kfHF serv ice. It is e xpect ed that
G I.O BAI .inkfHP se rvice wi ll have worl dwide
coverage hy e nd of 1998 . Th e prim ary Irequcncy bein g reponed with HF ACARS mcssi.lging (or HF Datalink ) is 13340 k Hz.
If you tunc around the civi lian H F ai rcraft
freq uen cie s. yo u mig ht oc casio nally hear
grou nd stations sending ton es to various aircraft and receiving the answerback using voice
co mmunicatio ns. Due 10 the background noi se

Digital system s enab le aircraft to leave

routin e reporting and messagin g tasks
10 be don e au tomatically witho ut tying
lip valuab le air lim e.

.--;

Mailbox

Assigned

Dial

fruI

Mm

fruI

I.wl!an

NNNOMOA
NNNOMOJ

NMOA
NMOJ

NNNOMDE

NMOE

NNNOMDI
NNNOMDL
NNNOFLH
NNNOASL

NMDI
NMOL
NFLH
NASL

13540.0
13540.0
10259.5
14760 5
11070.0
14935.5
14935.5
14935.5
14935.5

NP
NP
NP
NP
NP

13538.8
13536.8
10256.3
14759.3
11066.8
14932.3
14932.3
14934.3
14934.3

Edelman, PA
San Diego, CA (SCA)
~A1ternate Frequency)
anAntonio, TX (STX)
tltemate Frequency)
anDiego, CA(SCA)
NASWhidbey Island, WA
Jacksonville, FL
Honolulu, HI

A=Amlor

P=Pactor

MONITORING TIMES

Oclobe, 1998

letters "A" and "B " wo uld be sent simultaneously for I second. follo wed . afte r a pa use of
0 .2 seco nds - by the simulta neous I seco nd
transmi ssion of tones "C' and " D." Duplicat e
letter s (tone s) arc not perm itted in either pai r.
since simultaneous transmi ssio n of two tones of
the same frequ ency wo uld not be d isti nguish able by the air craft' S ELC AL decoder fro m
any other co mbination o f ton es con taining that
freq uency. Al so , the:same to ne is not per mitt ed
to be used in both the first and second pai r.
A comprehens ive: SEI.C AL da taba se can be
found on the Irish Aviation Intern et web site at:

http://ireland.iol.ie/-mark zee/seJcaldb.htm
You ca n tunc throu gh the fo llow ing freq uency ranges for civ ilian aircraft co mmunicatio ns:
2850 -3025 . 34(XI-351XI. 46 50 -47IXI. 548 0-5680.
6525-66 83 , 8815 -8960. IOIXl5- IOlOO. 112701140 0. 13 260 - 13360. I79lXl-179 70. 2 1870 22000. and 232(XI-23350 kl-lz.

TWO GREAT RESOURCES

Table One: U.S. Navy MARS Interflational Digital Network

10

US Army
MARS station
manager Sgt
J oh n Norton
erects a
"sleeping Vee"
antenna at
Camp Freedom
in Kuwait Cit)',
as the oil fires
bum beh ind
him.

A
A

NP
NP

Unfort u nately, space doesn 't permit us to

include more of the mysterious and digit al signal s that can be heard on sho rtwa ve. But the re
are a co uple o f excel lent so urces of infonnatio n
if you wan t to co ntinue exp lori ng the HF spectrum . If you ha ve the Internet. he sure to stop by
the Worldwide Utility News we bsite ma intained
by Jason Bern at http://www.gem .netl-berril
wun/, Here yo u will lind an e xcell ent reso urc e
ca lled the Digital Signals f i\ Q writte n by Stan
Scalsky and f\1ike Cha ce. Th is FA Qi sagoldmine
o f information o n d igital signa l types fou nd in
the radio spectrum.
An excel lent frequ ency guide that o ugh t to
be on yo ur refer ence s helf is the Klinge nfuss
199B Guide to Utility Radi o Statio ns (available
from G ro ve) . Thi s by-frequ ency refe re nce will
hel p the mo nito r identify a wide variety of
digit al signa ls and redu ce the am ount of unkno wn signals that the rad io mon itor has to
co nte nd with .
So. li re up that shortwave rad io and g ive the
dial a spin. It' s time to take so me o f the mys ter y
out o f shortw ave radio listcning.

This computer -co ntrolled receiver ami spectr um display appe ar 0" YOllr com pur er screen ]

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The WYFR Story

.

By Hans Johnson

1C Am er ica n shor twa ve sce ne is no

stranger to e xcit e me nt. Statio ns co me
a nd go : so me arc beset hy co ntrove rsy.
wh ile other s strugg le simply 10 stay on th e air.
T he largest priva te shor twave statio n in the
Uni ted Stale s. WYFR . s l.IYs o ut of the lim e ligh t :.HH.I quiet ly nndcffcc tivc ly carries o ut its
wor k. 1998 is a specia l year fo r this statio n as
they cele brate their 25 th ye ar of broadcasting
Chri stian programs on shorwavc.
On e ca nno t te ll the sto ry of Your Family
Radi o (YFR) witho ut di scu ssin g the history
of the station's origi nal tran smitter si te in

that German y had uuuck cd Norway . Thi s gave

l)OO merchant ships the wamiug they needed

to avoid capture by the Nazis.
Th e United States gove rnment still d id no t
have its o wn shor twa ve facilities when it
entered Wor ld War II ill Dece mbe r 1941 . so it
loo k o vcr the private stat io ns in the United
Sta tes. inc lud ing \ VRUI.. The statio n res um ed
so me of its ow n programm ing in 1947 and
moved its studios to New York Cit y a few
yea rs late r. The station prom ot ed American
prod ucts to Latin Am erica and was the fifth
most po pul ar sta tio n in Latin Am erica.

Scituate. Massachuseus.The site's pre-\VYFR

histor y spans half u century and some pretty
intere sting things happe ned alo ng the wa y.
Unde rsta nding this histo ry is also the ke y to
unde rstanding WYFR 's man agement and subseq uent clo sure of Scituate.

In Service of its Country

In the Dep ression year of 1936. \V IXAL
mov ed from Boston to Sc itua te . Like the othe r
30 so me odd sho rtwa ve station s in the United
States. the station Wi.IS e xperi me nta l and no ncommercial. In 1939. the exper ime nta l de signati on e nded fo r a ll statio ns . Run by th e Unive rsi ty Cl ub of Bosto n. the statio n took the
cull letter s of W RU L or Worl d Radio Unive rsity for the Liste ner.
Dur ing thc early days o f World War II. its
broadca sts warne d Norwcg ia n ships at sea

12

MONITORING TIMES

October 1998

A close -lip of the / 6 m eter antenna

arrays .

W RU L' s be st know n prog ram was The VoiCl'

of Freedom, beamed to the t\1iddl c East and
Europ e. Th e VO A lease did no t co mplete ly
e nd until 1954.
Fami ly Radio sta rted its first statio n in
1959. hut its invol vem ent w ith sho rtwav e was
still ove r ;;1 decade awa y. In the meantime.
WR UL we nt thro ug h its most inte resting yea rs
eve r. As part of it!'> campai g n to o verthrow
Castro. the C IA used sho rtwa ve broadca sti ng.
While most of the se e ffo rts were o ver the
infamou s Radi o Swan. WR UL also played a
ru le. Con curre nt with its e ffo rts in es tablishing Radio Swan in ea rly 1960. the C IA used
P:'lI1 Am er ica n Bro adcastin g to make arrangement s for C uban exile g ro ups to purchase
tim e o ver W RUL. ' The C IA may have also
played a ro le in provid ing funding as well as
so me of the bro adcast materia l fo r the se prog r;'lms.1
A divisi on of the Mo rmon C hurch acquired the statio n in 1962 for le ss tha n two
milli on do lla rs. hu t only owned it for a fe w
month s when a ne w situatio n em erged. During the he ig ht of the Culla n m issile crisis. the
governm ent took over the sta tion for three
wee ks. using it for th c Spa nish service of
VOA . T he statio n later received a ci tation for
its se rvice.'1

An Uneasy Beginning
Freed ut last from go ve rnment service,

WR UL attem pted to become a Irue co mme rcia l stution. !n an attem pt to increase listeners.
WRUL mad e a rrangements with R. L. Dra ke
to have a simple-to-operate sho rtwa ve receiver bui lt. IVRUL became IVNYIV. Radi o
New York Wor ldwide, in 1966 as part of the
promotio n of its commercia l image.
The station fai led to draw listeners and
ult im ate ly so ld the sta tio n to WYFR in 1 9 7 3 :~
One of the thin gs that killed WNYW was
fire. Not one fire. but several fires due to
se ve ral causes. There was plenty of wood
around. both in the build ing and outside. The
open-w ire transmission line s arced because of
a marg inal design - and also from vanda lism
by loc als who were upse t about interfe rence
on their T V sets and threw bits of metal into
the lines 10 ca use a rci ng.
T he worst fire in 1967 dest royed all four of
th e s ta rio n '.s trans mitt ers a nd ca use d
$ 1.000 ,000 do llars in dam age. A nother large
lire in 1972 was the final nair in WNYW ' s
coffi n. They so ld the station to WY FR the
fo llowin g year,
For almos t a yea r prior to the purch ase.
WYFR had bee n buyi ng 16 tran sm itter hours
a da y on W RUL. T heil on Oc tober 20, 1973,
WYFR took ove r the station. havin g co mpleted seve ral years of negotiation s fo r its
purc hase. Th e site had four tra nsmitters, two
50 kIV and two 100 kIV co upled 10 nine
rhombic anten nas. Transmi ssion s co uld be
bea med to Europe, a nd by re versing the a nte nnas. 10 Lat in Ame rica . WY FR started with
broadcasts in English and Sp an ish.

Smart Moves

One of the Gates shortwave transmitters.

former tec hnical staff left as WY FR was not
able to offe r the sa me wages as WNYW . The
new staff, however. was qu ite ded icated and
one o f thei r first projects was 10 cu t undergrow th around the station so as to faci litate
maint e nance a nd improve sig nals. Station
e ngineers also personally dealt with inte rferen ce co mp la ints fro m nei ghbors . Ha rold
Camping, President of Family Rad io, laid out
WYFR' s strategy :
"We have no long ra nge goal that we want
to be so big or do so much . We try and ma ke
wise deci sion s. If so me proj ect ap pears to be
sound. then we proceed : '

Indeed. looking at any long range goals

was impo ssible as there was a maj or prob lem
with the Sci tuate site. Wh en built. the rad io
site at Sci tuate was in a rural a rea. But by the
I 970s. the 40 acre leased site was surro unded
by a res iden tia l area .
On such a sma ll site, thc a ntennas cxpcrie nced cross co up ling . Th ey also provided
insufficient gai n because they were too sma ll.
WY FR wanted to insta ll bette r antennas . but
the site simp ly did not have roo m to accommodate them. Th ey d id add a n addition al 100
kW transmitt er sho rtly afte r purchasing the
statio n.
T he searc h for a ne w sitc start ed and
O keec hobee. Florida, was soo n chose n. Here,
WYFR lensed 660 ac res abo ut 20 miles north
o f La ke Okeec hobe e.Thi s area of Florida wa s
settled qui te late, with settlers arrivi ng here
only in the 1930s. T hey clea red mu ch o f the
land , but tracts of virgin swamp a nd forest
rem ain eve n today on the site. WYFR shares
the proper ty with a local ranch er who grazes
his cattle here. Large citrus groves arc also in
this par t of Flor ida and sod grass is anot her b ig
crop.
WYFR moved carefully to the ne w site.
T he first tran sm itter, a 100 kW one. was

The WN Yl V transmitt er building ill

Scituate, Mass. (plus IJXers Mike
Mackell and Bob Butterfield)
Se veral c hanges occ urred imm ed iately as
the sla tion changed hands. Th e form at we nt
bac k to non-co mmercial. W YFR was (a nd is)
funded hy liste nerd onations to Fami ly Radio' s
ne twork of AM and FM stations. Most of the
O<:tober 1998

MONITORING TIMES

13

Pictures of the transmitter site in Okeechobee

in 1988, showing some of the dedicated staff
working 011 the Contin ental and Gates
transmitters, and the wooden support poles,
some of which were transported from the
Scitua te site.

moved fro m Scituate to O keec hobee in late

1977. The transm itter was co upled to a doubl e
rhombic anten na at the new site. broadcasting
to Europe and Sout h Ame rica . Th e transmittcrs were moved one by one down to Florida.
so WYFR ope rated two sites for a few years .
By late 1979 . WYFR had moved all the transmin ers to Oke ech obee, They also moved all
thc antennas and towers. plus some of the
woo d sup port poles. A rather unusual incident
did occ ur at Scituate before the move was
com plete. according 10 \VYFR doc uments:
"P ossib ly WYFR is the only radio station
eve r to have an antenna taken out of service by
a house.The station sat on a low hill overlooking the Atlantic with one antenna very close to
the ocean . During a sev ere 1978 winter sto rm,
enormous waves coming ove r the sea wall
tore a house off its fou nda tions . Th e rogu e
sma shed into a 90 fo ot tall rho mbic suppo rt
pole . snapping the pole in two ."
Wh at bec ame of Scitu ate. a site with ove r
40 years of sho rtwave radio history?
At the reque st of the lease-h older. WYFR
left some of the wood en support poles. Accordi ng to Chris Lobdell. a local Dxcr. the
site has been de velop ed into a rather nice

14

MONITORING TIMES

Odo ber 1998

se lection of up scale s in gle fami ly and

townhouse homes.
WYFR grew steadily thro ugho ut the yea rs.
adding more transmitters and targeting more
areas. An exa mpic would be the start of tran smissions to Western Ca nada in 198 1. T he
grow th was steady. planned . and very smar t.
A dram atic dem onstration of this smart
grow th occ urred on New Year ' s Day 1982.
WYFR surprised everyone with the start of
what it calls its radio trade alliance with the
Vo ice of Free China (now Radio Taipei International ) of Ta iwan. Using VOFC faci lities.
Family Radio now had several hours of program ming a day to India (English and Hindi )
and mainland Chin a (Ma nda rin). In exc hange.
the rece ption of VO FC to the Western Hem isp here vastly improved as they we re now
using \VYFR facilities for several ho urs.
After a trial pe riod of several mo nths. the
stations forma lized this arrangement that con tinues to this day. It was a bri llian t move by
both sides. Ind ia and China are diffi cult arcas
to reach . particul arly for a Christian broad cas ter. In one qui ck mov e. \VYFR had broadcas ts to both these areas. Ta iwa n. because of
its politica l status. would have had difficulties

in sett ing up time exchange agreements with

most stations. Now it had an excellent site for
covering North America. and a much better
one for cove ring Europe. Neit her station had
to invest in an addi tional transmitter site (thi s
was before the time purch asing revo lution)
and each ga ined many new listeners.
For reason s of con fidentiali ty. WYFR
won't di scu ss the detail s of this arrange me nt.
It is extensive. though. Rad io Ta ipei International has 27 tran smitter hou rs daily fro m
WYFR , while WYFR has 24 " day via RTI. '
WYFR literature describ es the arrangement as an exc hange of "co mparable combinati on of tran smitters and ante nnas."
WY FR pulled " similar co up with BBe in
1996. Alth ough a much smaller exc hange.
\VYFR programs in Arabic are transmitted
from a site in the United Kingdom. while SSC
programs in Eng lish arc carr ied via Florida.

The Quiet Broadcaster

with a Big Voice
Today. WY FR is broadca sting in II languages fro m thr ee different co untries.
The heart of the Okeechobee operation is a
80 1'1. by 200 fl. buildi ng that houses offices

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and transmitte rs. Th is building lies in the

center of the site. transmission lines running
out in many directions to the antennas erected
along the borders o f the site. A co mbination of
antennas is used. including a d ipole curtain.
log periodi cs, and doublc-rhombics. A total of
fou rteen 50 and 100 kW Continental and
Harris transmitters are used . including the
li ve Sci tuate transmitters. Although many o f
these transmi tters are on for lip to 14 hours a
day. WYFR is able to maintain and repair
them so that the station call broadcast its
ex tensive lineup.
Keep in mind tha t Okeechobee is WY FR ' s
transmitter facility only. T he station' s Christian programs are produced in Oakland. Ca lifornia. ami then se nt to Florida .
There arc some interest ing aspects to transmitti ng fro m South Florida. Power drop-outs
can be <I rea l problem du ring the summer
mo nths, whe n thunderstor ms are a da ily occurrence. Ligh tning will trip circuit breake rs.
and on a day with a lot o f thunderstorms the
staff can be quite busy resett ing the m. T he
station simply uses too much power to install
diesel ge nerators to prod uce powe r when the
local power is knocked out.

This section of Flor ida is quite dry from

November to April. Field s arc burned during
this lime o ft he yea r to d ear brush. Pieces of
carbonized grass ca n blow from fires miles
away onto WY FR' s site. Th is grass can land
on the transmis sio n lines. Operators ha ve to
be alert. perhaps even shutting a transmitter
down temporarily. to prevent arcing that could
burn up the transmission lines.
For Illany yea rs. the stat ion has en listed
listeners as monitor s. In the rail o f 1977. I
served as a moni tor for WYFR . Being <I moni lor was heady stuff for a teenager , so I took it
seriously. I ca n still reme mber filling out the
monitoring shee ts neatly. while listened to
\VYF R' s s ignal on my Pauaso nic RF-2200 .
Over 20 years late r. the mon itoring program
continues. Dan Elyeu. Station Ma nager o f
WYFR . elaborates:"The monitor ing prog ram
is still going at a fair level. but we rea lly need
monitors in Latin America."
S mart grow th turned WYFR into the largest private broadcaste r in the United States,
This grow th, co upled with alliances and exchange s. has also made this stat ion a very
effective broadcaster.
Th e author wou ld like In tha nk Dan Elyea.

Stat ion Ma nage r of WYF R. for his outsta nding assistance to the author in prepari ng this
art icle. I would also like to thank Nick G race
for his hel p on WR UL' s role in broad casts to
Cu ba. Thanks also to Richard Homcres of
WYFR and Ch ris Lobde ll for photogra phs.

This ap pa rently was the extent of Pan

American's involvement. Metro Media,
part of CBS, was the owner at this time,
according to most secondary sources.
Most of Pa n American's records, including
any that would hove shawn whichgroups
they brokered for, were destroyed yeors
ago when Pan American moved to
California. [Author' s interview with Pan
American, February 9, 1998.]
a See Clandestine Radio Broadcasting by
lawrence Soley and John Nichols for a
good account.
3 See The Image Empire by Eric Barnouw,
which seems to provide the most accurate
account of this takeover.
, See Broadcasting Bedfellows by Richard
A. Seifert in the August 1996 Monitoring
Times for on excellent account of the
Droke-WNYW partnership.
s See 1998 World Radio IV Handbook

PROGRAM
PERSONNEL
I

Thomas .S chaff maintains the global perspective as lnternational Program Manager. Programming is prepared ill Oakland,
Californ ia.

,t'\ ' . " 'I'.

~ "-.

, .. I

:.....

. ~$f:;", t.~.:. ; ..

'~~.,:" r

,-I';;'. .

..

16

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"il.

""

Alan Thay er, Program

anno uncer - Fr enc h progr llllH

lillie Hesse, Cor resp ondence.

announcer - Germa n pr ograms

vivian I/o . Correspo ndence.

an n ou nce r - Chi nese pr ogra ms

Isab ella .)jg h a m o ll )' ,

Cor respondence, alll/O lllicer lli" di program.\'

tteten isa Pizarro,

Correspondence, a mWIH ICt"Portugu ese programs

Guillermo Nava rrete,

Cor respondence - SpIll/ish mail

Taida Yefi mav, t'rogm m llIltWIIII Cer

- RIlH ;a" pr ogram s

Peter l'etrenk o. Program

producer an d duplicator

MONITORING TIMES

October 1998

GORDON WEST
HAM TEST PREP TAPES
WYFR Broadcasting Schedule

BOOKS'SOFTWARE'VIDEOS

For English see English l.onguoge5horlwove Guide, p. 39

Russia n to Europe and Africa
UK
Freqs kHz
0300-0400 7355, 9355
0400-0500 9355
1505 1705 9955
17001800 15600,17750
2200-2300 15695-1 5715

French to Canada

Spanish to Mexico and Centra l America

1100-1200 9605, 11725
1200-1400 11725, 15130,151 45
1400 1500 15 130
2200-OO
11740
oooo-rsoo 9715,11815
OSOO-06OO 9705, 11815
1000-1100 6085
11 00-1300 6085, 11970
1300 1400 6085
2200-0100 5985
0 100-0300 5985, 15255
03000500 5985

French to Europe ond Africo

060Qe07oo 9355, 13695, 15170
1800-1 900 15600, 17750, 21525
20002100 17750, 21725

UK
11 00-1 200
1200-1 300
2300- OO

10001100
2300-0100

Freqs kHz
9505
13695
6085
9625, 11970
15255

Prepare for your ham lest with -Gordo

W86NOA as your personal instructor.
THE THEQRY on audio cassettes
No- Code Technician (4 ta pes)
General Class (2 tapes)
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Leaming CW (6 tapes)
$29.95
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General Class CW (6 tapes)
Extra Clas s CW (6 tapes)
$29.95

STUDY MANUALS by "Gordo"

French to lesser Antilles

1000-1100 9625, 11970
2300-0100 15255

9550, 11 855
6175,9500, 11855
9370, 13695

Spa nish to Caribbean

1000-11 00
1100-1300
1300-1400
2200-0 100
01000300
0300-0500

6085
6085, 11970
6085
5985
5985, 15255
5985

Portuguese to Brazil
0800-0900 9605, 11770
0900-1000 6 175,9605,9625, 11 770
2200-2300 15130
2300-OO
17725
OO-0 100
15130, 17725, 17805
0 100-0200 17725

22002300

1510-1610

Chinese language to China

0300-0400
0400-0500
05000600
1700-1800
1900-2000
0600-0700
1800-1 900
2000-2100

9985
7355, 11580
7355, 9355
15665
7555,15715
9355, 13695,15 170
15600, 17750,2 1525
17750, 21725

2100-OO

11 02-1602
Arabic
0500-0600
1600-1700
1700-1 800
1800-1900

6300,9280
6300, 9280

13695,1 5170
15665
21525
13710

Source: WYFRwebsite http://www.framilrodioocom

Times a nd frequen cie s co n

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German to Europe a nd Africa

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Hindi to India
OO 0 1 00

Spanish to Europe

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Generat Class (3B) Code
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Portuguese to Africa
0400-0500 15170
1900-2000 21525

15215,17750,17845

17750

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Italian to Europeand N. Africa
06000700 7520, 11580
0700-0800 9355
1800-1 900 15715
2100-2200 15715, 17555

Spanish to South America

0800 1000
1000-1100
1100 1200
2300-0100
0100-0200

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October 1998

MONITORING TIMES

17

Cryptography
The Secret Language 01 Spies
By Dan Veeneman
"2 3 18 7 46 982 ... 6 9335 ...
15 948

f you' ve listened to shortwa ve for any

length of time you've probably run across

them. A mysterious vo ice announcing a

long series of numbers, perhaps destined for

some unknown spy in a foreign land.

Spy headquarters is preparing 10 send an

operative out into the field . During trainin g
the op"erative learned that most cryptographic
systems invo lve mat hematical ope rations,
where it's much easier to deal with numbers
than letters. Spy HQ has established a simple
codi ng scheme where each letter of'thd alphabet is assigned a number. The letter -A has a
1 value of I, the leller B has a value of 2, and so
on up toZ, which has a value of 26 (see T able
I ).

Plaintext

1
Encryption

Key- I Process

AI~

though shrouded in secrecy. these numbers

are assumed to be some kind of encrypted
message, making sense only after being decod ed by some clandestine listener.

Cryptography is the science of secure communication in the presence of adversaries. In

any encry ption system, the message to be
sent,called the plaintext. is encrypted in some
way to produce cipher/ext. which is then

Ciphertext

1
Key- D ecr y p tio n
P r ocess

One-Time Pad
T he only prova bly secure cry ptographic
system was created by Gilbert Vem am in
19 17, who originally developed it to protect
electronically transmitted messages. His invention automatically enciphered individual
characters as they were entered into a teletypewriter as well as automatically deciphering them at the receiving end. This kind of
chara cter-by-character encryption is called a
stream cipher, and Vemarn' s particu lar

:,'

transmitted. Encryption systems typically require a secret piece of information, called a

key. in order to scra mble the message. On the
receiving end, the key is used to decrypt the
cip hertext and produce the original plaintext.
Should the ciphertext be intercepled. an eavesdropper would be unable to decrypt it without
the proper key, even if the encryption method
was know n.
Despite the lack of concrete de tails abo ut
these mysterious numbers stations. over the
years it has been assumed that the numbers
are really messages encrypted using a onelime pad .

Plaintext
method is unbreakable if used correc tly. His
invention is now referred to as the one-time
pad cryptosystem, and has been exte nded 10
both manual and co mputerized operations.
TIle key in a one-time pad system is a series
of random numbers. Vernam' s invention used
long strips of paper tape, but in the manual
version of the system numbers are printed on
small pads of paper that are easily concealed.
Each sheet of pape r in Ihe pad is used only
once , then discarded and permanentl y destroye d. (It has been repo rted that the Central
Intelligence Agency has a special type of
paper that turns into chewing gum when it
contacts salivu.) There are two cop ies of the
one time pad: the perso n wishing to se nd a
message and the intended recipient both have
identical pads.

. An Example
With all that in mind. let' s take a look at a
co ntrived example.

Table I: Letter-number pairings,

!&!m!:
Value
A
B

1
2

26

In addition to a false passport and some

local currency, the opera tive is issued a sma ll
pad of pape r with a series of rando m letters
printed on each page. Thi s one-time pad co ntains the keys for the operative to decrypt
messages that will be se ru in the future, Spy
HQ keeps an identical copy of the pad. Some
time passes and the operative becomes active
in the target co untry. occas ionally listening to
shortwave radio for any messages that may be
destined for him.
At some point Spy HQ wishes to send a
message instru cting him to purch ase a particular magazine. Using the letter-to-number
con version table, Spy HQ co nverts the phrase
MO NITOR ING T IMES into the numbers 13
1514 09 2015 18 09 140720091 3051 9
(ski pping the space). Th is is the plaintext
message.
To encrypt the message Spy HQ will use a
page from the one-time pad. For this example
we'll say the next page of the pad has the key
SEC RET LIST ENERS written on it, although

in practi ce the key would be a ra nd om stri ng

o f numbe rs . Again ig noring spa ces, S EC R ET
LISTEN ERS is enco ded as 19 05 03 1805 20
120919 20 05 1405 18 19.
The sim ples t encryptio n met hod is to add
the plainte xt numbe r to the co rres po ndi ng key
number for each le iter in the messag e (see
Figurc 1,1.
13 15 1409 20 15 18 09 14072009 13 05 19
MONITORI NG TIMES
19 05 03 18 0520 12 09 19 2005 14 05 18 19
SECRET LISTENERS
32 20 17 27 25 35 30 18 332725 23 1823 38

FIGURE 1: Adding each plaintext /lI1I1/ber to the corresponding key number.

Sin ce the le tter e ncod ing sc he me only goes
up to 26, S py HQ "w raps around" the su ms
th at exc eed 26 by subtracting 26 and using the
difference (see Figure 2 ). Thi s ope ratio n is
ca lled taki ng the mod ulus a nd is do ne in many
situatio ns in vol ving co u nting. (For insta nce,
the re arc tw elve hours on the face of a normal
dock, and aft e r reachi ng 12 we "wrap aro und"
and co ntinue co un ting at I . T his is ca lled
tak ing the hour " mod ulo 12." )
32 20 1727 25 3530 18 33 272523 18 23 38
-~ _ -:12

-,22:12 _ .:12-:12

13 15 14-17 20-1108 09- 12-19 20 b9 13 05 -07

+26 " _+2Q_+2Q+~_+22+~":"
+22
13 15 14 09 20 15'18 09 1407 20 09 13 05 12

FIGURE 4: Taking the diff erence modulo

26.
Thi s gives th e operat ive thc original
plaintex t message of MO N ITOR ING TIMES.
An eavcsdroppcr listen ing to the same shortwav e statio n would ha ve just the number s 06
20 17 0 I 25 09 04 18 07 0 1 25 23 18 23 12.
spe lling FrQ A YJDRG AYWRWL. lf Sp y HQ
and th e operat ive arc fo llowing all the ru les to
mai ntain sec ur ity, the be st the eaves d ro ppe r
can d o is tryout every po ssib le key. Thi s
met hod is callcdb ruteforce decrypti o n, but in
acne-time pad sys tem wh ere the key is as lo ng
as the message , even that drastic step wo n't
help . Th e eavesdro pper. in fact. will en d up
with all po ssibl e so lutio ns.
For exa m ple, decrypting FTQA YIDR
G A YWRWL us ing t he key NSN VV HL
YTLKCJKM produ ce s th e resuli RAC E
CA R S
MO NT HLY
and
t h e ke y
RSWRJUC FMZECFRT w ill produce NATIONAL T ATILER. bot h of whic h mak e
se nse but neith er of whic h are correct. Since
any key in a sec ure one-time pad is eq ually
likel y, the ea vesdropper ha s no hop e of determi nin g the tru e plainte xt using b ru te for ce.

-:12

06 20 1701 250904 18 07 01 2523 18 23 12

Keeping it Secure

FIGURE 2: Takil/g the addition result

modulo 26.

In order for a on e-time pad system to

rema in sec ure, seve ral rules mu st be fol low ed :

So Spy HQ ' s enco ded messag e is 06 20 17

0 1 250904 1807 0 1 2523 18 2312 (the
no nse nsi c a l FTQ A Y IDRGA YWRWL ) .
which is tran smitted o ver the air at a time
when the o perati ve is sc hed uled to be listen ing.
On the rece iving end the operati ve use s the
ide nt ica l key from his on e-time pad to reco ver
the me ssage . Each key va lue is subtrac ted
fro m the corres po nd ing c iphe rtex t kiter to
produce the plaintext (sce Figure 3) .
06 20 17 01 2509 04 1807 01 2523 18 23 12

12Q>!l:ll.l!Q.l2QUQ2122!lQ2HQ.ll.l! .l2

Example One-TIme Pad

481 73
518 3 4
01 983
6 01 20

1 9 8 3 9 90 18 3
00 182 4786 5
4 7 3 62
987 54

First, the co nten ts 01" the o ne- lime pad s

must be kept secre t. Thi s is fairl y ob viou s. but
im portan t. Anyo ne di sco veri ng the pad s. if
they didn ' t shoo t the o wn er o n sight for being
a spy, could make a co py of th e pad and
d ecr yp t the mes sag es the msc lve s.ln tclligence
and law en force me nt age nc ies routin ely per form " blac k bag j ob s" to cov e rtly b rea k in and
steal keys used by embassie s, co rporatio ns,
a nd eve n private individual s. This is probably
the mo st damagin g situatio n fo r th e o ne- time
pad user, since th e only thing worse than no
sec uri ty is a false se nse of sec urity.
Seco nd, th e pad s mu st not be re used. T wo lime pad s arc not math em at ica lly sec ure, and
in fact the reuse o f pad s a llo wed th e Nat ional
Sec ur ity Age ncy (NSA ) to hr eak tho usands o f
Soviet KGB andGRU mes sag es in the 1940' s.
Third. the co nte nts o f the pad s mu st be
un pr ed ictab le . Regard less o f whet he r the spy
keep s the pad s a sec ret and d oesn ' t re use
them . if the number s a rc somehow predictable
it wo uld be the eq uiva le nt of the adve rsary
ha ving their ow n copy of the pad. Nu me ro us
mod ern software pro gr am s that o ffer "on etim e pad s" ha ve this we akne ss - thc ir method
o f creating " ra ndo m" number s is etten pre-

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Oc tober 1998

MONITORINGTIMES

19

dictablc. allow ing a snoop to reprodu ce the

key and decode messag es.

Digital Signatures vvith

Public K e y C ryptography

Rando mness

Key Length

In a secure one-time pad sys tem the key

must be as long as the message. If you want to
send a message con taining two thousand characters. you need a key that is also 2,000
ch aracters long. If you want to encrypt a
comput er file that is two megabytes (2 million
characters ) with a one-time pad. you will need
a key that is also two megabytes. If you want
to protect a d igital video signal that carries
hund reds of thousands ofcharacters eac h second. you probably won't use a one-time pad.
Creating. delivering . and secu ring large keys
is a very di fficu lt problem . limiting true onetime pad system s to very specific uses , such as
clandestine operatives in foreign countries.
For the rest of us. practical limits on the
amount of key infonnation we ca n handle
necessitate the use of other encryp tio n system s. In block: ciphers the key length is much
less than the length of the message. and is used
in a different way . The plaintext message is
broken up into small pieces called bloc ks. and
each block is encrypted hy the key. There are
a wide variety o f bloc k ciph ers that operat e in
d ifferent ways . but as a general rule the smaller
the key the less secure :'IIlYmessage encry pted
with that key will be.
Keys in modern cryptographic systems are
measured hy the number of bits they cont ain.
A bit is the smallest unit of informat ion. either

20

MONITORING TIMES

Bob

Alice

Do these numb ers seem random and unpred ictable: 2 12. 198. 216. 32. 175. IOO? If
you think so. you don't com mute on Inter state
95 north of Washington. D.C. These are the
Maryland route numbe rs. in order. o f the ex its
off nortbbound 1-95 after leaving the D.C.
beltway. They may look random . but they are
very predictab le once you know the pattern.
It' s surp rising ly difficu lt to ge nerate rea lly
unpredictable numbers . For those of you who
may be planning to use the random number
function availab le in most programming languages for cryptography , please think again.
Ju st like the Maryland route num bers. the
output from these functions loo k random but
are predictable and repeatable.In fact.a couple
of years agoa serious weakness in Nctscapc ' s
web brow ser was revea led after researchers
discovered the random number generator used
in the brow se r was very weak . Th is weakn ess
wo uld have allowed eave sdroppers to easily
decode protected web connections, including
the details of any financial transactions.

October ' 998

Pl a i n tex t

Digest

AliCl!! 's

Private
Kl!!y

Message

Diges t

IEncryption I

Digest

:;.~;c ~

IEncryption I
I
CiPhelrtext

a 0 or a I. The Data Encryption Standa rd

(D ES) . a popular cipher. uses keys that are 56
bits long, allowing approximately 72 quadril lion (72.057,594.037.927.936) possible keys.
As we' II sec. this isn 't nearly enough. Skipjac k, a cipher invented inside the NSA and
classifi ed secret until very recently, uses 80
bit keys . The International Data Encryption
Algoritbm (ID EA ) uses keys that are 128 bits
long. Other ciphers of varyi ng streng th and
co mplex ity ex ist as well, each with their own
key lengths. All other things being equal, one
add itional bit doubl es the amount of work
necessary to brute force a solution.
The United States gove rnment co nsiders
cryp togra phy to be an implement o f war. and
closely controls the export o f strong cry ptography , Until rece ntly, cip hers using more than
40 bits of key were usually den ied export
penn its with the j ustifica tion that such systems were too difficult for the gove rnment to
crack and would therefore jeopardize nationa l
securi ty. Even 56-bi t DES has been denied
expo rt in manycircumstances. despite its availabi lity ove rseas. In addition. domestic law
enforce mentrepresen tatives have been wringing their hands in public. fretting that the
wides pread use of strong cryptography would
ren der their wiretaps useless and frustrate
the ir investigative efforts. In an effort to con vince law makers o f the dan gers of strong
crypt ogra phy. the Federal Bureau of lnvestigation (FBI) has testified before Con gress
numerou s times about the imposs ibility of
crac king encry pted messages protected by
cipher systems such as DES.

DES Cracking

The Data Encryp tion Standa rd (DES) is a

Federal Information Processing Sta ndar d
(FiPS) approved by the Natio nal Bureau of
Stan dard s (now the National lnsritutc of'Standard s and Tech nology. NIST) in 1977. In the
intervening de cades it has been scrutinized by
numerou s expe rts in cry ptogra phy, none of
whom have found a sig nificant weak ness in
its fundamental de sign. What is weak is the
inadequate size of the key.
As menti oned above . brute force cracking
is the proces s of decrypting a message using
every poss ible key to find the one that wor ks.
To motivate practical research. in 1997 a
co mpany named RSA Data Security o ffered a
prize for crack ing a message encryp ted using
DES. Hundreds of volunteers ran cu stomized
key sea rch software in their spare time on
ava ilable co mputers. exchanging results and
passing key inform ation over the Internet.
The message was broken afte r five mon ths of
effort across several tho usand com puters. At
the beginning of this yea r the prize was offered again with a different message. and an
improved searc h method yielded the key in
only 39 day s. aga in broken by a grou p effort
of thousands of co mputers coordinated over
the Internet.
A third challenge was broken in July by the
Electronic Frontier Fou ndation (EFF), who
used a single custom-bui lt machine to cra ck
the code in less than three day s. For wel l under
$250.000 the EFF had buill a "DES Crac ker"
from a personal compu ter and an array of

custom microchips that co uld break a DES encrypted message in reasonable time without having to coord inate with anyo ne. They
also showed that the go vernment had been
playing fast and loose with the truth in their
testimony of how difficult it is to break DES
messages.
Publi c Key System s

Existing: encryption systems fall into two

categories. Private key systems, sometim es
called secret key systems, use the same key on
the sendi ng and the receivin g ends. One-time
pad and DES cipher methods are pri vate key
systems.
Public key systems, on the other hand,
make use of a public/pri vate key pair. The
public key is publi shed and availabl e for anyone to see while the private key is kept secret
by the owner. The public and private keys arc
mathematically related to each other. hut for
all practical purpos es it is impossible for an
adversary given the public key to determine
the private key,
For an overv iew of the use of a public key
system let me introduce some characters that
have becom e standard in the crypto logic literature. The protagonists in our story arc
Alice and Bob , who want 10 communicate
securely while an adversary, say Louis, wishes
to intercept and read everything they send to
each other.
To send a message in a public key system,
Alice create s a message destined for Bob. She
encrypts the message using Bob' s public key
and sends it 10 him. When Bob receives the
message he uses his private key and decodes
the message. Si nce no one else know s Bob's
private key, no one else will be able to decod e
the message.
Altho ugh Alice is sure that Bob is the on ly
one that can read the message, how can Boh be
sure the message really ca me from Alice?
Perhaps our snoop Louis has effected a ntan in-the-middle attack and intercepted Alice' s
message . alter ing it or replacing it with another message of his own creation before
sending it on 10 Bob.

called a message digest, a kind of digita l

fingerprint that identifies the conte nts of the
message. Th is digest is based on the exact
contents of the message , and no two messages
will have the same digest. Alice then encrypts
the digest with her private key and sends it
along with the encrypted message to Bob.
This is the equival ent of Alice signing the
letter, and in fact this called a digital signa ture .
As before, Bob receives the encrypted
messag e and decrypt s it using his priva te key,
He also decrypt s the encrypted dige st using
Alice ' s public key. Bobthen runs the plaintext
message through a message digest functio n to
produce a local fingerprint. If the digest decrypted with Al ice' s public key matches the
digest he ju st computed, Bob can be sure that
the message was not altered and was, in fact,
sent by Alice and not an impo stor.
All of these feature s are available in a
program called Pretty Good Pri vacy. which
was one of the first publicly-available programs to provide strong encr yption . POP uses
public key cryptography to protect message
confidentiality and assure authentication of
the sende r. (MT's Computers & Radio also
review ed a data encryption prog ram called
Cvbertnck in the August issue - ed.)

So far we'v e been talking about confidentiality , that is, keepin g the co ntents of the
message secret. Cryptograp hy can also help
us with authentication; that is, pro ving thai a
message rca lly came from a part icular perso n.
To foil Louis, Alice can take some additional steps that will prove to Bob she is really
the author of the message he receives . Before
sending the message, Alice generales what's

Further Reading

For more on the histor y of code making and

code break ing , David Kahn ' s The
Codebreake rs is an authoritative account of
the use and misuse of cryptogr aphy.
For those more techni cally inclined, Bruce
Schneier's Applied Crypt ography is one of
the most popu lar book sdeta iling modern cryptograph ic systems and how to implement them.
The American Cryptogram Association is
a non-profi t. volunteer organ ization dedicated
to the creation and solution of crypt ographic
challenge s of variou s sorts. More informatio n
on the ACA is available by writing to ACA
Treasurer, 11 18 Via Palo Alto, Aptos, CA,
95003.
All of this information and more is available on my website at www .decode.com.

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As a final chal lenge, see if you can decrypt

the fo llowing one-t ime pad message. Spy HQ
has se nt you th e message HABPFQH
WZGIRPFNWBCOS and the next key 00
your one-time pad is LISTENING AND
LEARNING.

Kevin Carey
P.O. Box 56, West Bloomfield , NY 14585

The Advanced Scanning Solution

Listening Post 1.5 - Scanner Control Software

~~~~"~\!tI"0 1
0

0"

'.

, ,, . . .,

n
,""

I,
t. ...... , ... .... ,. '"

::::::,
:::LJ". ...... ,, ,......" ". ''''''
.. ....."","',.....
, ,,:" ~~'.::~~..
.. "'''''''.''' 0
.....,..
" ....
..." ,-"
~

"

.... t._

""

.....

. Jl;i

, ...,.. ... WSlrn

~ < 0 .

" ' "" , ..." D

"" d '-"""",,, "

", !j " .. . . .

1T~.';;;':~":7~.> ".
,. . , ,, ... ...... c t.. ..

... _ _

(O
,

,,,,

. ..... '~ '''.or

-..-",,'",,""'"

",,,. "To<,

, It . ..._," -

~ ," ~ Wi '"

. 11",. '. " ' " ''''

' ."ri
'.'-

l .,,~

" " " '.Il

....

,. ",..
,,,..- ""' ''''' ~
:~ " ' ~ ,>I."
T
" , . ,,"
"",. .,
T ~"' ~ ,,,,,,,
" " ,.""."'.
,f! ; c'-":',C:'O'_'" .."-". '~ ", . ~

"", , ~

:- . "-,, , ~

"" .. ,"
,,,",
""
,,, roo " .
"" .. 1.'

~ '~_ r .,..... ~ " ,.-

0 ' '0--' ''' ". ....

' 12 - ~ ,'

~,, ~

, _.<~"

~ ....., .. Q
~

. 1T.t; - '....,..a ,II".........,

Digital Signatures

What is Spy HQ trying to rem ind you? The

answer will appear in my PCS From Line
column in the December issue of Monitoring
Time s . For those of you who can' t wait. the
answer will also be available on my website,
which will also have a computer program to
assist you. Detail s below .

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.. .. ,

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Phone (512)260-3478 Call for more informa tion or se e us at www.lpcom.com

October 1998

MONITORING TiMES

21

Now u cs
Be Toldand Toured
A Look Inside the Secret
Congressional Cold War
Hideout
By Jesse A. Finkelstein
The five-star Greenbrier Resort proved
different sort.

hite S ulphu r Spring s. West Virg inia. has long been the home of
the 6500 ac re Greenbrier Reso rt. a
li ve star resort known for its golf courses.
te nnis courts. exe rc ise faciliti es and fine food.
How ever . until only a fe w years ago. on ly a
small number o f security-cl eared indi vid ua ls
were aware that the hotel also served as a
support facil ity for a giant sec re t underground
com plex intended to house the entire U. S.
Con gre ss in the e vent of nuc lear. biological or

G il

chemi cal war. Follo win g the 1995 decommi ssioning of the facility. code nam ed " Proj ect
Greek Isla nd : " it is now possi ble to to ur this
imp ortant piece of co lt! war histor y an rJ understa nd the critical comm unic ations functi on
that it \'\ '; \S inte nded to pro vide .
Projec t G ree k Isla nd beg un as the idea of
Pre- ern Eisenh ower. a frequent visitor to the
G reenb rie r. Th e ICJ5 X federa l budge t co nrained a $ 15 millio n e ntry for "Proje c t Greek
Island " without further ide ntifi cation. Con-

Entry from the hotel to the "Exhibition Hall." Note tile mu lti-layered cons truction
of th e doorway, which allowed the fa cility to be secured by a massive multi-toil steel
door.

22

MONITORING TIMES

October ' 998

effective cover for a retreat of a mucli

xtruction of the sec re t faci lity. whic h is the

size of two football fields distri buted a mo ng
three le vel s. took place ove r a three yea r
pe riod beginn ing in 1958. T he building act ivity was disgui sed as construc tio n o f a large
exh ihition hall an d under ground storage fac ility for the ho tel.
A portio n of the completed struct ure was in
fact used for cor porate e xh ibiti on activities
for a number of years. T his area . whic h had a
20 fool high ce iling. wo uld ha ve been filled
with desk s a nd offi ce eq uipme nt for cong ressio na l staffers in the e ve nt of a ll e me rgency .
Co nstruc tio n was deliberatel y stretched out
ove r a period of time. using do zens o f workers
in discrete team s to co mplete small port ion s
of the project in ord er to limi t the num ber of
peop le \1/110 wer e awa re of the en tire fac ility.
Project Gr eek lslund was built under-mountainou s te rrai n. with a ll porti on s between 53
anll 9:? feet underground. Desp ite the effo rts
to make the she lter as bombproof as possible.
it is unlik ely it woul d have survived a blast
c lose r than se ve n mile s aw ay .
When secured in " lock down " mode. Projec t
Gr eek Island could hold 1.100 peo ple. inc lud ing the e ntire me mbership of the U.S. Co ngress and the ir se nior support staffs. Supplies
on hand cou ld sustain this gro up for a period
01' 30 to 60days. To protect again st attack. the
\".' a lls consisted of six foot pour ed concrete.
w ith three foo t thic k concrete fl oors and ce ilings. Four large door s protected acce ss, the
largest of them we ighing 25 to ns. wit h 18 ton
hi nges. Despi te its we ight, thi s door was ba la nced so as to req uire on ly two pound s of

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October 1998

MONITORING TIMES

23

pressur e to close it. Pot entially cur io us on '{tl'r <'luxuriJ'~ls ~~ bedroom the
lookers wer e d issuaded from inv e stigation by
Speaker
oftile llouse
,
large sig ns warn ing tha t hig h vo ltage eq uip ment and wiri ng e nda ngered those who m ig ht
see k closer inspecti on .
Before deco mmi ssion ing Projec t Gr eek
Island, 33 tra iler tru ckload s of ma ter ials we re
tak en o ut o f the she lte r. Th e reds re mo ved no t
onl y all c las sified, but nea rly a ll usabl e el ec tro nic s. T hu s, a vis itor to the large co mm unica tio ns ce nter see s row s o f em pty racks. whic h
at o ne time ho used the most so phisticated
sate llite and ground-ba sed co m munica tion s
systems the n ava ilable.
T he sys tems in place d uring op erat ion a ling a winter sce ne. Another board is sto wed
lo wed for co ntac t with the Pre sident , oth er
away for usc in spring or summe r, and fo ur
go ve rn me nta l offices (to the ex te nt that they
sur vived) ,1I1d with the " Loo king Gl as s" pa- s imila r ho a rds co nt ain se as ona l ima ges of the
W hite Hou se . T he se bo ard s fo rm ed backtro l ofth e U. S. A ir Fo rce . which kept a flying
co m ma nd po st in the a ir 24 ho urs a da y d urin g g ro unds fo r videotapi ng stateme nts by co nthe co ld wa r. Apparently. a variet y of ante n- g ressio nal leaders. a llow ing the implicit inferen ce that Wash ing to n wa s still intact (rena s co uld he rai sed above g ro und or lo wered
by rem ote co ntro l to faci litate tran sm issi on ga rd less o f whatever de vastatio n and destrucand recep tio n in a num ber of modes. Unfo rt u- tion ma y ha ve occ urred) .
nat el y, the o nly vi sib le vestige of the co m m unica tio n
ce nter is an an tiquated te le pho ne o pe rator station. co mplete wi th patch cor ds.
O ne oft he most interesting
facets of co mm unicat ions at
Proj ect Gre ek Isl and is still
intact: the briefing roo m. T he
br iefin g ro o m contai ns a pod ium and scats fo r approx imate ly 30 peop le . O ne wa ll
feat u re s c loc ks d ispla yin g
GMT. as we ll as local time in
M osco w , T ok yo . Londo n,
Baghda d an d severa l o ther
c itie s.
S uspende d fro m thc ce ilThe House Chamber
ing is a ro ug hly 15 foot sq uare
pho to of the capita ldome, with
a tree d ispl ayin g fa ll fo liage in the fo reg ro und.
Th e co mmunicatio n roo m appare ntly d id
The re ve rse side is an ide ntical phot o, sho w- not ha ve a ny dir ect te levisi on broadcast capabiht y, and it was intended that any sta teme nts
The cafe teria
wou ld he tap ed for later d istr ibu tio n.
T he she lter di d 1/01 incl ud e spacio us living
quart ers. req uiri ng mem bers of co ng ress to
share hu nk bed faci litie s in 1R d or m itories.
Th e Sp eak er of the Hou se and the Senate
Maj o rity Lead er. ho we ver , we re given mor e
lu xuri ou s private bed ro om s with se para te sitting area s.
Po wer for the fac ility was provi ded by
three d iesel engines, eac h run in ro tatio n and
capable o f produ ci ng 7500 kW . Eac h gene ra-

o[

74

MONITORING TIMES

October 1998

tor pro duced enou g h pmver to suppo rt a sma ll

city of approx imat e ly 30, 000. T o pre ve nt detecti on , 13 fo ot lo ng mu ff lers dead en ed the
so und so that it was bare ly per cept ible at
gro undleve l. Th e fac ility ha s co nstantl y flo wing 72 degr ee filt er ed a ir. Det ect io n eq uipmc nt allo wed the eval uation of e xte rn a l co nd itions to determ ine whe the r the inte rnal wa ter supply was requi red .
Project Gr eek Isla nd sits
par tiall y und e r th e famed
G re e n br ie r C l ini c . w hic h
wo uld ha ve been the so urce
of med ica l personn e l (a ll previou sly sec ur ity cleared and
swo rn to secrecy) in the even t
tha t the she lter was used. During the fac ility ' s tenu re as an
active installati on , a ll med ica tio ns taken by any member
of co ng ress we re cata log ued
and stoc kp iled o n a regu lar
ba sis. Mai ntenance an d food
preparation per son ne l we re
sec uri ty c leared e mploy ees of
the G reenbrier .
Pe rhap s the mo st intere sting ro o ms are the aud ito riums se t aside for meeting of
the Ho use and Sen ate. Each aud ito riu m is
co nfig ure d with ind ivid ual m icro ph o nes, a llo wing Sen ato rs and Represe ntative s to ad dr ess the C ha ir fro m the ir scats . In furth er an ce
of hiding the pu rpose of the faci lity. th ese
a ud itoriums (w hich are located imm ed iate ly
adja cent to the e xhibitio n hall) were actually
used for conce rts and e mployee meetin gs over
the yea rs .
Altho ugh the G reen brier (w hich is ow ned
by CSX C or po rat ion) has mai ntain ed the fac ility for pu blic to urs 10 date , proposed legi slario n wo uld a llo w the co nve rs io n of the she ltcr int o a large und erg round cas ino .

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Richard Barnett
S!onMaster@aol.rom

Random Scan

o in me for so me ra ndo m thought s on scanning this mo nth ...

and speaking ofrando m sca nning. would n't that be an interesting feature for a scanne r? Let the scanner take over and do
whateve r it wants for a while - scan. search. serv ice sea rch. stop
and sit on any or channe l for a while. \Vhy not? \Ve let mach ines
do so much e lse for us in life nowadays.
Actually. it' s bee n a pet peev e of mine that scanners cannot
scan and search at the same time . Computer-contro l scan ning

prognnlls have long allowed us to sca n then search. then scan

again . all with the press of a co mputer key. Su re. a co mputer has
a ton more horsc powerthan a sc anner. but we' re only talking about
the ability to stop the scan and start a search, all without user
intervention.
When would you usc such a featur e? Sca nning and searching
at the same time goes 10 the heart of the purp ose of a scanner. With
scan and search. you co uld scan those frequen cies of primary
importance to you and searc h for new and interesting frequencies
as wel l. You co uld have a routine where yo u sea rch for active
cha nnels on a new sma ll band seg ment eac h day, such as 163-165
~lH z on day one and 165- 167 MHz on day two. etc . Thi s way. you
co uld hear what you need to hear during sca n, bU I at the sa me time
co nduct a thorough search for formerly unkn own activity in yo ur
area .
(I've raised this concept with the manu facturers: Let' s hope
that the)' lake the idea to heart. At first it was thought that
man ufacturers never incorporated this feature in a sca nner becau se

26

MONITORING TIMES

October 1998

they would prefer you to buy two scanners! Thi s isn't the case,
though . They simply never thought of it before.)

V Mobile da ta term inals (MOTs) are beco ming increasingly

prevalent nowaday s, but has scanning really been hurt? Manufacturers of MOTs may suggest to their publi c safety custo mers that
voice co mmunications are a thing of the past. Not only do newer
MDT co mmunications methods help insure privacy . but they a lso
streamline the data co llection and recording functions so onerous
to many police and fire departmen ts. Eve rythi ng today has to be
logged, and the na ture of the MDT operat ion insu res instant
loggin g of call s for assistance. addresses, response times, dispositions, etc.
Mobile data terminals arc an unquestioned asset to publi c
safety operations. Dur ing a ride-along I took so me years ago with
thc Massach usetts State Police in a two-man cruiser patroll ing
Boston area parkways , the offi cer in the front passen ger seat spent
much of the shift banging away on the key pad of his MDT
chec king any and all suspicious license plates that came into his
view.
Before MDTs, these officers had to be much more circumspec t
abo ut which license plate were called in to dispatch for a query .
There is only so much air time avai lable and only so much
manpower available at the dispatch er 's desk to run license checks.
For these simple inq uiries MDTs have been a godsend to law
en forcement in particular. Offic ers can check dozens of plates
during a shift and the voice two-way radio is not
clutt ered with the munda ne chatter of these reports . It
cert ainly must be much easier for patrol o fficers to kee p
their ears tuned to their regul ar two-way radi o when so
much of this non-essential co mm unication s is transm itted via the MDT.
Along with license plate check s. officers usc MOTs
to send private messages to one another. MOTs can be
used to send information. such as soc ial security numbers, a patient' s health informat ion, and similar se nsitive detai ls ove r a relatively secure, unrnon itorab le,
network.*
The Boston Police Dep artment is one exa mple of
many large city police forces that use MOTs to broadcast low-priorit y calls, such as "Take a report on a
vandalized car at such and such an address." These ca lls
will be queue d-up in an o fficer's MDT and, as he or she
has time, the offi cer will take ca re of these less-pre ssing
matters.
MOTs provide othe r functions as well. A po lice

offi cer can write up his repor t or an inciden t on the MDT and not
have to co me in to the statio n to do the work . A fire office r might
rece ive informa tion on the location ofall the hydrants surrounding
a fire scene. In the future (and in some cases even today), MDTs
will tra nsmit mug shots, fingerprints, and more.
So, what' s the total impact on scanning? Well. taken together,
yo u could we ll make the argu ment that MDTs have bee n a boon
to our hobby. Gett ing all this boring, non-emergency radio traffic
off the primary voice-channel air has made scanning more pleasant, for one. If we do n' t have to listen to license plate checks we're
less likely to get tired and bored of the radio. Seco ndly, if public
safety adm inistrator s know that they have a secure method to
transm it sensitive informatio n, then they may be less likely to seek
alternative mod es of voice com municat ions, such as digital or
encryption , to protec t this data .
Should we worry that all data , incl udin g emerge ncy broadca sts, may be sent via MDT one day? Just thi nk of the one-man
patro l car in the midst of a chase trying to inform othe r officers of
his location. Drinking and driving certai nly do n't mi x. Typin g and
drivi ng mix even less so!
(* Floating aro und the Intern et ther e are prog rams to deco de
transm issions from older MDT systems. Th is is not a big secret,
but it is illegal. as we under stand it, to lise this software, Newer
MDT systems incorporate encryption or other meth ods to deter
inte rception and decod ing of the data stream.)

II' Don't you ju st love sca nning a tru nked syste m (Motorola
ana log )? Ma ny peopl e have report ed that they prefer using their
Unide n Trun kTracker to scan and search a trunkcd system more
than a conve ntio nal two-way system ofa comparable-sized agency .
Why is that')
The TrunkTrackeroffers ne w challenges in scanning. Trunked
systems are so flexible that new "talkgroups" o f users con sta ntly
pop up and it beco mes necessary to try to dete rmine who is using
the new gro up. In a conventiona l syste m, if a new "channe l"
becomes active it means a new freque ncy must have bee n licen sed.
and therefore it' s very easy to find and identify (no t to mentio n that
new freque ncie s aren't licensed every day of the week for a
particu lar age ncy ). Perhaps it' s just the idea that we finally have
a method to monitor many of these systems that has us so giddy
about trunki ng.
T hese sca nners have to go one step further in the future,
thoug h. (There arc actua lly many steps we wou ld like to see taken ,
but some features are mo re desired than others). With the hundred s. if not tho usa nds. of active IDs on a trunking system. the user
needs a way to ide ntify talkgro ups and subfleets beyond the
nume ric, or in the case of some of the software avai lable, hexideci mal codes. We desperate ly need the ab ility to "alpha-tag" the
lOs. Even the high -end hobbyist will tire of trying to remem ber
that 32032 is the Springfie ld PD East Side Patrol channe l.
II' Wouldn't it be great if you co uld opera te a G PS unit on a
plane? I' ve often thought about tak ing a Delorme GPS on a flight
and sticking it in the window, attac hing that to my lap top and

running an FCC da taba se CD -ROM with which I load my AOR

AR-8000. I would love to know my exact position on a ni ght at
e very mome nt and then be ab le to scan (at least UHF and 800 MHz
which co me in great on an airliner). Delta and a few other carriers
allow you to use a sca nner, but, I' ve bee n told, a GPS receiver
pointed out a plane window would never see enough satellites
(altitude notwithstanding) to get a solid posit ion reading .

II' Why haven ' t the mainstream scanner manu fact urers (G RE
and Uniden) given us CTCSS and DCS operation in a scanner?
(CT CSS is Co nti nuous tone-coded sque lch system, also known as
PL or Privat e Line and DCS. Digital Coded Squelch or DPL.
Digital Private Line. ) RE LM has incorp orated this feature in a
mobile and portable model to great success.
RElM was wise not to introd uce j ust another "me-tau" prod uct, as RCA did in the ir early onits, CTCSS/DCS was the defining
fea ture for RELM along wit h alphanu meric s on their MS-200
mobile. The question for the larger scanner makers probab ly
co mes dow n to market interest vs. price ,
How many more customers would buy their prod ucts and
spend extra mo ney for them if they had CTCSS/DCS, feat ures
which cut down on interference and hel p you hear onl y thos e
communications you wish to hear'? The newbies to the scanning
Note to U,S, con sumers only: It is unlawful to import, man ufa cture, o r market
cellolcr-ccpcble or cellula r restorab le scanners into the u.s.

We have Scanners with

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Yupiteru MVT-9000, 7100, 8000
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WinRadio WR-1 OOOi, WR3000 i
rCOM R9000, R8500, R100 , R10 , PCR1000

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Ocrober J 998

MONI TORING TIMES

27

(continued)

don 't know they need it. Experie nced ho bb yists, as well as publi c
safety and news media professionals, demand it. We think it's
worth the added cost in any thing exce pt a lo w-end introductory
mod el.

And now for the rea lly rando m: Don 't yo u j ust love to

monitor the tire towers during the summer months? Unfortunately, many fire towers have closed d ue to budget constraints and
other factors, but those that arc left are still great to tune in. They
reportsmoke and then have to dete rm ine the exact position of the
fire. Local departments, along with state or county fire agencies.
arc called in to fight the blaze so activity springs up on numerous
frequencies.

Has anyo ne had much luck und erstanding and follo win g

the communications of casino security departments? The numerous times this editorhas monitored in Las Vegas the conversations
were very quick and muted while obscure casino lingo ami code
words made deciphering the activity quite diffi cult. Perhaps

someone who lives in Las Vegas or Atlantic City, who has a

trained ear forthis very unique type of radiotraffic, has had better
luck.

V Just what is the a llure of monitoring drive-through restaurantcommunications? "Two big Mac s and a side of fries please."
Snore. Yet, we know a number of peop le who do listen.
There ca n be only o ne an swer. If yo u look at the FCC database

today there are seemingly more frequencies for the driver to talk
with the order taker and the order taker to talk back to the driver
than there are police and fire licenses! Dairy Queen. McDonalds,
Dunkin' Donuts, Hardces, and on, and on. and on. Some individual fas t-food j oint s have dozens of licen ses (does each headset
in the store have a different freq uency ").
Hobb yists who listen to this dri vel must be undertaki ng the

challenge of figuring out which frequencies are actually used at a

particular location. Let's hope so, anyway.

New FCC Service Codes

This is the first year that the new FCC service codes are
appea ring and they're making editing the upcom ing year' s editio n
of Police Call a little more tricky. Here' s what' s going on: Th e

FCC, in an effort to streamline licensing and make more frequencies available to everyone , has created new license classifications.
"'PW"indicates public safety/public service. similarinmany ways
to the old PL (or local government) code. Police departments
which, for ex ample, had licensed 155.490 under " PP," now are

using this new "PW" design ator .

county orstate is using a frequency and, similarly, it makes it more

of a cha lle nge for the editor s of Police Call to add the "plug-in" of
explanatory data for the reader.
The most common new code found in the latest batch of
licensing data fromtheFCC is "IG" o r genera l business.This is not
simply a new design ator for " lB, " which has bee n aro und for years
and is used at 151 , 154 , 461 -470 MH z and other standard busin ess

frequencies. No, this new catch-all can be used by railroads

(commo nly LR), to win g (common ly LA), utiliti es (co mmo nly
IW ), and others. Workin g with IG licen ses makes ed iting efforts

more complex, but not impossible. You can, of course, read the
name or dba name of each IG licensee and quickly determine the
usage . For the most part, IG licenses at 45 1 MHz are utilities (as
they had been when they were identified as IW), IG licen ses at
150,845 and arc still tow ing, etc,

This is not always the case, though. One rare example we

spotted during the editing process involved the Checker Taxi
Association . WPLX895, with a transmitter site in Gretna in 51.
Charles Parish, Louisiana, with a licensee (company headquarters) address of Chicago, Illinoi s. Not only were the four taxi
licen ses in the 45 1 MHz band (instead of the sta ndard 452 MH z
UHF ca b frequ encies), they were also trunk ed ! (That is, we
assume they're trunked , since they were licensed under the YG
design atlon .)
This is one of the first clear examples we've seen of a business
trunked sys tem in the UHF ban d which is not ow ned and o pera ted

by a two-way company which is leveraging its multiple community repeater licenses by trunking them - and thus permitting
greater loading of their channels. Here, a single company is
trunking its own channels. At first we wondered why a cab outfit
wo uld do this. If a ca ll goes o ut for an available cab to go to a

customer's location, they would want all their taxis (Q hear the
broadcast. There is no need for multiple "talkgroups" in such a
business.
Then we recalled that many cab outfits have expanded to
provide wheelcha ir va n services, courierservices, andthe like. lt' s
conceivable that the unique taxi MDT units might also share time
on the system. It's feasible that a busy company, such as one ncar
the large city of New Orl eans, mig ht have di fferent talkgrou ps
which cover the city, others the suburbs, etc. It would be interest-

ing to hear this outfit. We would guess that they're using a version
of LT R (logic trunking radio) of so me sort , New Orleans has never
beena hotbed of scanning, but if a reader o ut there is in the are a and

would monitor the system for us, we certainly would appreciate

hearing any details.
With the new channels available (7, 5 kHz splits in VHF, for

example); new service codes with wider latitude allowable in

licensing to both public safety and business; new radio tech nolo-

While a freq uency such as 155.490 is ea sy to ide ntify as

gies: and the availability of funds in th is hea lthy ec o nomy, there

co mmonly police, there is a chance that a "Davis, City of' license

with the PW service code may be the sewer department and not a
police department channel (unless it is a license renewal which, in
almostall cases, indicates no change of usage). This makes it more

has been an explosion of new and changing licensing. Whether

yougo to published directories suchas Police Call, records on CDROMs. or electronic licensing records on the Internet, it will be
important to consult these licensing resources to update the new
channels in yourarea.

of a challenge for hobb yists to identify which agen cy within a city ,

28

MONITORING TIMES

Octooer 1998

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The HF Communications Spectrum

......L.....-_

Hugh Stegman, NV6H

driver8@nefcom.com

Spook Radio: Tricl< or Treat?

t' s Halloween. Let' s tal k abo ut "spook"

radio. the shadowy. shortwave world of
spies. agents. mo les. terronsts, drug run-

ners,money launderers,andother nice people.

Let ' s get into th ings so secret that no body

know s whether they're hoa xes a nd di versions (tricks) or rea l intelligence work (trea ts).
When the Co ld War ended and superpowe r tensions rela xed. most peo ple figured
shortwave (H F) spook rad io for dea d. Instead. age ncies add ed sched ules and frequ encies. as regi onal squabbles increased
the need for inte llige nce . We 've never heard
more intr ig ues . Let' s pu ll up the shee ts o n
some of this stuff.
Cuba
We 've ta lked abou t Cu ban nu mb e rs befo re . Cuba' s DO l (General Di rec to rate of
Int ell igen ce ) and its Elec tro nic Warfare Battal ion bot h run impressi ve rad io fac ilitie s. So
does Ru ssia, which intercept s U.S. co mm unication s from a hu ge ba se ncar Havana .
O ne statio n, th e " Atenc ion" (,'Atte ntion!") Spanish vo ice, is e sp ecia lly good fo r
begi nners, becau se of its paint-peeling power
leve ls. Broadcasts arc AM, j ust pla in o ld
amplitud e mo d ulation. At about 10 to 15
minutes before the hour. they'll ru n de ad
carrier , then they nearly alwa ys start talk ing
rig ht on the hou r.

Man y freq uenci es rep eat we e kly . John

Ma ky was nice enough to e- mail th is column
a great sched ule. whic h I ' ve been busy chec king o ut. 44 79 kl-lz is good on Wednesdays at
0300 UTe. o r Fr ida ys at 0400. Al so try 40 2X
at 0500 Fri da ys. or 772 6 at 0500 Wednesda ys and S undays . Keep in m ind that all
the se ea rly morning tim es com e the nigh t
before in the United Stat es. W hilc tuning. I
al so hit Oil 4329 . 6782. 678 6. 679 5. 6791 .
69 ~ 3 . und 915 3. a ll AM .
Ca m Ca st illo. a listener in Panama . re ports heavy usc of6980 k l lz, almost da ily. at
various tim es from 0200 to I 100 UT C . Rad io
tor Peac e Intern atio nal. a Co sta Rican bro ad c as ter, recently mo ved lO 6975 , cit ing interterence fro m this and ot her stations .
No t a ll Spa nish Lad ie s arc Fidel' s hand iwork. Th e Russia n on e , thought to at least
hav e a C uban re lay. so unds ve ry sim ilar.
Ho we ver. tra nsm issio ns e nd wi th ze ro es instead of the Cuba nJ;'ll/ (e nd ).
Cuban number s are e ntert aining . Th ey' re
foreve r on the thin edg e of to tal di sa ste r.
Tapes play backwards or chan ge in the
middle . Radio Havan a Cuba bleeds into o pen
carrie rs . So metimes . R II C itself broadcasts
bac kward o pera music. to nes. or eve n Radio
Rcloj . a C ub an new s net work. Arc the se also
spook message s'!
Ot he r Cubans co me uud go . T hey yell.
mumbl e . or ru n jamm ing tha t sound s more
like a m alfun cti o ning d iese l ge nerato r. Finall y. ther e' s the Morse code station. possibly DGI. th at mainta ins a large sc hed ule o n
frequencies suc h as 4027 kHz CW (co nt in uou s wa ve ). on or ne xt 10 the vo ice c ha nne l.
Li ke mo st C W spoo ks. the Morse station
uses "c ut" num be rs, wher e sho rte r letter s arc
se nt inst ead. O n occasion , I' ve hea rd sim ilar
num be rs se nt in audi o ton es a fte r a vo ice
messag e. Th e C u ba n lette r sub stitut io n.
tho ug h. is no n-int uiti ve. and great for co nfus ing newcom ers.
But then, con fus ion is what C ub an HF
ha s always don e be st.

so urces of spoo k tra nsmi ssio ns. Th e se were

usuall y in Morse code . RTTY. or th ei r
C yril lic-alp habet variatio ns.
The Afghanistan war wa s USSR ' s last
ga sp. Seve ra l nets o f Sov iet spies chec ked in
night ly in C W on dy ing radio s that made
eve ry possibl e so und except pro per code.
Today. Russia n spies tend to ha ve better
equipm en t. FA PS I. the Fed era l Age ncy fo r
Go vernm ent C o mm unica tio ns a nd Infor m anon. is perh a ps that co untry ' s best- fund ed
agency. Pre si de nt Boris Yelt sin c re ate d
FAP SI in 1993 ou t of the late KGB ' s elec tro nic inte llige nce o pe ratio ns. It e m ploys
tho usa nds . a ll ov er the wo rld.
FAPS I vo ice numbers co me in Russia n.
Czec h . G e rma n. E ng lis h. a nd S pa nis h .
Th ey 're in upp er sideband (USB). w ith or
w ithout a slightly reduced carrier. Th ere' s
still CW , and plen ty of RTTY . using th reeletter callslgn s. T ry 11 637. 13452. 13556 .
14 4 3 4 . 1 4 nI.14 ~4 3 .1 4941. 16218 . 1 7 464 .

19088. and 20 117 kl lz.

Europ e/Mideast

Russia
T he late USSR and its a llie s were gre at

30

MONITORING TIMES

October /9 98

Spo o k rad io started in Europe. and the

Iro n Cu rtain kept it go ing for decad es. T he n

th e curtain we nt aw ay, but the spoo ks didn' t.

Euro pe ans like to play fo lk so ngs, noi ses.
or mu sica l sca les whe n tran sm iss io ns begin.
Listeners' descriptive nam es for German lan gu age stat io ns inclu de "T yro lean Mu sk ,"
"Swedis h Rhap sod y." " T he Gon g, " and
" Sax o pho ne. "
Na mes o f Slavic lang uage broadcasts include "A ida," " Dru ms a nd Trumpet s," "R ussian Ma n," " Czec h Lady ," "T hree-Note Oddity," and "Zy t Zyt." Ro mania has the "Skylar k," nam ed for a nationa l so ng, T he re a re
also Hun garian and Poli sh lang ua ge tran sm ission s.
The M idd le Eas t ha s a mo tley ne w o f
spies. anti-govem mc nt c1 andestines, a nd the
Israel i Mossad , which we've ta lked abo ut
before. C urre ntly. Mossad is oft en o n 6840
kHz, a pop ular spo ok freq uen cy for ge ne ratio ns. Th eir voic e mar ke rs a nd we ird. phonetic lett ers ha ve pretty we ll run the U.S .
Ce ntra l Inte lligen ce Agency (CIA) off this
cha nne l.

I England
T wo large statio ns are run by the Secre t
Intelli gence Se rvice, better kno wn by its
othe r name of M I6 (Military Intel ligen ce ,
Gro up 6). Th ey are na med "T he Lincoln shir e
Poach er" and "C herry Ripe." fro m the tradi tiona l British folk the mes ru n at th e beg inning of every broad cast.
T he Poacher , w ith its hap py o ld o utlaw
tu ne. is tho ught to transm it from Cy prus, to
MI6 age nts in Iraq and /o r Iran . Due to re lentle ss j amm ing. it use s a be wi ldering nu mber
of para llel channe ls and hourl y sched ules on
wee kdays . Go od places to lurk arc 14487,
15682, and 16084 kHz, hourl y from 1000 to
1800 UTC , plus 5746, 6959, 7337, 925 1, and
11545, from 1600 hourl y to 2200 .
For a real te st of yo ur DX ear. try the
Poa c her' s favo rite hid ing spot. It' s the internation al m aritim e c hannel 124 8 o n 12603
kHz. Amid w ithering blasts of
the " le ga l" statio ns ' S ITOR
(RTI Y tele printing o ver rad io ).
o ur US B Poac her c hatte rs awa y.
Try each ho ur fro m 1400 to 1900
UTe. When yo ur brain give s
o ut, they' ll be par all e l o n at least
one of 7337, 11545, o r 13375.
C herry Rip e uses a differ ent
so ng, this o ne ab o ut a fa ir
maid en, but w ith a similar fo rmal. A n Asian or Pacifi c site is
suspe cted. Times arc curre ntly
0000, 0 I00, 1000, 1200, 1300 ,
2200, and 2300. Freq uencies will

be paralle l o n so me of these: 74 &4 , 8320.

9263,9884, 11570 , 12056, 13688, 13866,
144 69, 15624, 17499, 19884, 20474 , 21 866,
and 2346 1, Highe r frequ e ncie s are used in
the U.S . a fternoon.

I USA
"Cynthia," a play on the lett ers "C IA,"
ma int ai ns what most listene rs ca ll "T he
Co unting Sta tio ns." For wha tever reason,
broadca sts begi n w ith a repeated co unt fro m
one to zero . Th e y're usua lly fe male voices,
in Sp anis h. Eng lish. an d o nly rare ly in other
languages. T he on e in Ge rma n has apparently retired.
T he C o unter ha s e xpanded to a large week ly
cycle of so man y times a nd
freq uencies that the schedule wo uld fill this column .
For ye ars . thou gh . there ' s
bee n Spa nish at 01 00 UTC
from vario us locatio ns in the
so uthe as te rn U.S . One o f
the se is probab ly the Nat io na l Com m u n ic a t io n
Syste m ' s Warrenton Tra ining Ce nter. a possib le spook
han gout ncar Warre nto n a nd
nearby Rem ingto n. Virgini a.
An adj acent base. the closed
Vint Hill Farm , was used by KK N 50, a C W
statio n also suspec ted o r passing spoo k traffic at tim e s.
C urre ntly , the Co unte r is o n 15478 and
16050 kH z, We dnesday and Frida y. AtOOOO,
464 0 and 504 6 kHz arc a good bet for Engli sh. Jo hn Mak y re ports Englis h o n 10223
a nd 139 06 kHz se vera l wee kday s at 1200
UTC , and 75 47 and 105 29k Hz at1 300 UT C.
Nearly all Counter tran sm issio ns use R3E
e mission. T his is upper side ba nd with a rcd uced carrier, whic h so unds good in AM
mod e and e ve n bett er in US B.
In the U.S.. it' s po pular
to sus pec t th e C IA fo rj ust ab o ut
any thing stra nge o n the a ir.
W he n C ynthia 's recei vin g statio n in Liber ia was do wn, o ne of
the Vo ice of A merica's last HF
feed ers sent cl assical m usic. ev ery aft ern oon . witho ut any an ..~- - ::.;~~:.~ n o u ncc m e n ts , \V hen t he
Liberian rece ivers ca me ba ck
up. the mu sic sto pped. Wa s informat ion be ing encode d in to
tun e se lection or len gth. as VOA
has bee n suspec ted of doing in
the past ? In a ny eve nt. the C IA

ha s since found a mor e stable co untry fo r its

Africa n rad io operations.

I Just Plain Strange

As ian spoo ks lo ve to use lar ge. gove rnment bro adca ste rs. No rt h Kore a' s Radi o
Pyo ng ya ng, the last of the Cold War pro paga nda mills, a lso run s numbers. T aiwan ha s
the stra nges t station of a ll. New Star Broadcas ting. which plays mu sic a nd e nterta ins the
spooks w hile th ey get their code d me ssages.
T hen there ' s a ll the unide ntified no ise.
So me statio ns. like the " Bac kw ard Music"
o n 5 180 kl-lz. see m to be j a mmer s. in th is
case aime d at a Europ ea n
spy broad ca st. Ot hers , like
the " Whale So und Statio n."
are eithe r secre t U.S. m ilitary proj ect s or ju st malfu nctio ning trans mitters . In
the 75- me ter ha m band .
"T he Pip" has hee ped at
Europe ans for yea rs. Othe rs i ncl u d e " B uzze r ,"
"C rac kle," "Saw Wh ine,"
" Po lyton e ," an d " Bug le."
W ho a re th ese '! No bo dy
kno ws .
Finally we have all the
illegal ac tiv ities. By now .
j ust abou t eve ryo ne wi th
so me thing 10 hid e has tried sho rtw ave. Drift
netting is banned , but the lishing boat s ' radio
beacons are st ill hear d. T he who le spec trum
betwee n 26 MH z maritime and 28 MH z
a mate ur co me s a live every fall. Most of this
cha tte r is j ust hobb y skip-shoo ting. So me.
ho we ver, is th o ught to co me from drug run ner s and intern ation al terr orists . Ho w do yo u
tell the di ffer ence ? You don ' t.
Boo, Happy Ha llow ee n !

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October 1998

MONITORING TIMES

31

All transmissionsareUSB (uppe r sideband unlessotherwise indicated. All frequencies

are in kHz (kilohertz) and all times are UI (Coordinated Un iversal Time) .

41 68.0
4278.5

4460.0
4724.0
5038.0
5091.0
5178.0
5180.0
5245.0
5347.5
5365.0
5428.0
5680.0
5800.0
5914.7
6396.8
6458.5
6695.0
6739.0
6753.0
6797.0

6797.0
6900.0

32

ABJ -Ilalian Navy, Augusta. also AnY on 4169. at 2259. (Ary Boende rNetherlands)
AFN-American Forces Network , continuous reb roadcast of US military
radio program ming, simulcast on 12689.5, at 1348. (Larry Va n Horn-NC)
NAR, theU.S. Navy commstation in Key West, FL. is repeating thesatellite
downlink audio, in USB, on frequenciesallocatedfor shipCWandRTTY,
without theknowledge(or authorization!) of AFRTS, possiblyto tiff a hole
insatellitecoverage. AFNhasbeen offHFsincethe 19805. Real nicetohear
them back. Hugh
FTJ 2-Mossad , Israel, AM numbers at 2000. (Boender-Nelherland s)
Andrews-US Air Force GHFS. Andrews AFB, MD, with 128-character EAM
at 0550. (Jell Haverlah-TX)
FOY-French Air Force, Orleans, with RnY lest tape at 2205. (BoenderNetherlands)
JSR 2-Mossad, Israel, numbers in AM a1 2100. (Boender-Netherlands)
Unid-Backwards Music Station, strange lones at 2156. (Bnender-Netherlands) Possibly a jammer aimedat cnene on 5180. Hugh
Unid-Cherta numbers station at 2100. [Boender-Nettenands)
MAC01-Royal Air Force Cadets, England, big net at 1004. MAV92-Royal
Tournament, lond on, working several other stations at 1946. (BoenderNetherlands)
At -DutcnArmy.tacticaltraffic,also usingAnY on 5349,at2134.(SoenderNetherlands)
Unid-The Russian Man, numbers in AM at 2100. (Boende r-Netherlands)
Unid-CW numbers station, ended ~ O O O , ~ began 1900. (Boender-Netherlands)
Kinloss Rescue-weather traffic with Alpine 24, at 0640. (Boender-Netnerlands)
Juncture-USAir Force, raised Nightwatch01. theairbornecommand post,
at 0112. ~Haverla h -TX)
KAWN-U Air Force AWS. Saddlebunch Key. marine weather in Rny at
0550. (Bob Hall-RSA)
KAWN-USAir ForceAWS. Saddlebunch Key. aero weather in RnY at0559.
kHall-RSA)
FN-American Forces Network. different programthan4278.5and12689.5,
at 0600. (Hugh Stegman-CAl
U n id - ~Th e Whale Station" with creepy whale-like tones. at 1934. UnidBackwards Music Station. weird tones. also on 6753. at 2255. tgcenderNetherlands)
Offutt, US Air Force GHFS. Offutt AFB , NE, sent out seven EAMs in a half
hour, startinq at 0431. (Haverlah-TX)
Unid-Backwards Music Station. weird tones. also on 6695. at 2256
(BoenderNelherlandS!
UnidCuban"Atencicn" number station, AM. tape stops deadat 0550. One
minute later, the Cuban-style cut numbe r sequence. ~ G AG G A ? A A U A ~
(81881 ?1641) is sent once in audio-tone Morse. One minute alter this,
station drops carrier, at 0552. (Stegman-CAl
unro-cunancut numbers station, s-retter groupsin CWat0800. (BoenderNetherlands)
Lincolnshire Poacher, British numbers at 2000. (soenue r-aethenancs)

MO NITORIN G TIMES

October 1998

11 341.9
11401.7
11437.9
12141.0
12211.7
12689 5
13242.0
134400

13538.0
13551.5
14432.0
14487.0
16027.6
161 06.9
16335 0
16357.0
16453.5
16904 6
16947.5
17038.5
17055.0
171 39.0
17416.8
174230
17428.5
17430 5
18064.0
20925.0

UnidCuban "Atencion" station, AM numbers. heavy interference with

Hauser's ~ Wo rld of Radin" on AFPI , might beslrong bleedlrom6980, twice
at 0200. (Camilo Castillo-Panama)
Unid-Cuban ~ A l e nc ion " station, AM numbers, dilterentdaysat0205. 0210.
0800, 11 00. 1103. 1109. and 1110. All this activity ran RFPI olf the
frequency. (Castillo- Panama) These dallyappearances arestrange for this
station. -Hugh
MFJ04-Royal Navy Cadets , England , big net at 1043. (Boender-Netherlands)
saz.tusase Air, Zambia, ended RnY weather broadcast with "GUO NilE
STATION CLOSED: a1 1601.(Hall-RSA)
Reykjavik Air-Iceland ACARS data link. at 2215. (Bcender-Netherlands]
WAA 46USJoint Alternate Command Post, PA. signal checks andEAMs
with Nightwalch 01. Juncture. and Bear Trap, probably US Air Force.
starting at 0300. (Haverlah-TX)
Unid-BackwardMusic Station.weird lanesat 2254 . (Boender-Netherlands)
Unid-Pctytone station. weird tones. no message. at 0600. (BoenderNetherlands)
OOR-MFA Sofia, Bulgaria. encrypted AnY at 1623. (Hall- ASA)
Unid-Polytone station, weird tones. long message. at 0620. (BoenderNetherlands)
OZFG -MFA. Belgrade, Yugoslavia. wilh encrypted Rny traffic at 0952.
(Boender-Nethertands}
Slam51-USAir Force.with DSNpatch viaThuleAS10 Thu nderOps at0352.
Eagle Provider-USNavy shipafloat, also identifying with standard triqraph
"H-O-M." in patch via Thule to C-S-N, describedas a naval computer and
comm station, reporting all comms except HF down, at 0433. Frequent
interruptions from Oflull , US Air Force GHFS. with long EAM. Dark 51-US
Air Force, patch via Offutt to Bfue Thu nder at 1539. (Have rlah-Dq
MFA, Copenhagen, Denmark. with plain text RTTY at 0938 . (BoenderNetherlands)
Unid-Unlisted Piccolo. could not decode. at 1656. (Ha ll-RSA) Piccolo is a
multi-tone teleprinting mode with a semi-musical sound. associated with
the British military. -Hugh
MFA, Copenhagen, Denmark, with plain text Any at 0948. (BoenderNetherlands)
Unid-Polytcne station, weird tones, long message . at 0640. (BoenderNetherlands)
PWX33-Brazil Navy, nrrv bulletin al11 00. (Hall-RSA)
AFN-American Forces Network, continuous rebroadcast of US military
radio progra mming, in USB ,simulcast on 12689.5. bothUSB, at 1348. (Va n
Horn-NC) See my commentson 4278.5. -Hugh
WAA46-USJoint AlternateCP, working Nighlwatch01 at 2056. (HaverlahTX)
Air Force 2-US Vice-Presidential plane. in phone patch 10 Crown (White
House communications office), SAM (Special Air Mission) 4. Mike 4, and
CommNav, all trying to correct problemwith satellite link from aircraft. at
2230(Pete Costello)
ZR03-Pretoria Meteorological. RSA. FAX charts with good reception at
0727. IHall-R5A)
RHA-Ministry of Defense. Paris, France, Jist 01 staff promotions and
appointments in FEC-A. at 1721 . (Hall-RSA)
PfI. Lumumbashi. with ARO telex in French. headed ~ U R G E N l POUR
GECAMINES KINSHASA: at 0843. IHall-RSA)
lincolnshire Poacher. British numbers. also on 15682 and 16084, all
jammed. at 1200. lincolnshirePoacher, also on 15682. at 1400.(BoenderNetherlands)
NPN-U S Navy. Guam. FAX chart. poor transmission, at 1206. (HaU-ASA)
SAM-MFA, Stockholm, Sweden. Swed-AROtraffic 10 Damascus at 0752.
IHall- RSA)
FZS63-St Denis Meteorological. Reunion Island. weather in AnY at 1235.
IHall-RSA)
Ol l-MFA. Prague. Czech Republic. RTTY news at 0810. (Hall-RSA)
HGX21-MFA Budapest. Hungary, s-iener groups in DUPARO at 1556.
(Hall-RSA)
FUV-French Navy Djibouti. RnY AYs at 0906. (Hall-RSA)
sww-rrenen Navy, Dakar, Senegal. RTTY AYs. alsoon 16951 .2 and 16955,
at 0828. (Hall-RSAI
URl -Sevastopol. Russia, could not decode strange RTTY. not 3-shift
Cyrillic. at 0915. (Ha ll-RSA)
MGJ-Royal Navy. Faslane. Scotland. Am at 1645. (Hall-ASA)
GYA-Royal Navy Whitehall. England. Rny Ileet broadcast at 1618. (HallRSAI
SAM-,.,,'FA, Stockholm. SWED-AROto Addis Ababa and Djibouti, at 0730.
(Hall-RSA)
Minrex. Havana, Cuba.not listed anywhere. Spanish newsin Hl'l'r at0900.
(Hall-RSAI
SAM-MFA Stockholm. Sweden. s-ieuer groups in SWEO-ARQ at 1212.
(Hall-RSA)
9VF209-Kyodo, Singapore,Japanese newspaper FAX at 1043. (Hall-ASA)
MFA-Warsaw, Polish news in Pol-ARO at 1620. (HaU -RSA)
NDJX-French MFA, N'Djamena, AAO for Paris at 0930. (Hall- ASA)

Baudot and Beyond

Bob Evans
reevans@inferlogJom
hffp/ / www.interlog.com/-reevans

Who Uses Digital Modes?

elcome to anothe r Digita l Digest.

O ve r the past month . several MT
reader s hav e asked for a basi c ove rview of the types of statio ns ut ilizing d igita l
modes. speci fically in the shortwave bands .
as we ll as moni to ring equ ip me nt currently
avail ab le to the hobbyist toda y. In thi s month ' s
co lum n. we ad dress this reque st and tak e a
bri e f hiatu s from exa mi ning spec ific mo des .
Utility stations generally ope rate within
one of three broa d classifi cations: ae ronautica l. maritime. or poi nt-la -po int. Eac h of these
ma y be designated as eithe r fi-red or m obil e
with respect to location.
Unlike the internat ional shortwave broadca ste rs, utility station traffi c is inte nded only
for the parties involved, and is therefore co nfide ntial in nature.
Utility stations use a va riety of modul ation types. T hese include the " 3 Rs":

Radiotelephony (Voice - ISB, independent

side band)
Radi otelegraphy (Marse CodelCW)
Radi ateletype (RTTY and all other dig ital
modes)

Introduction to Digital Monitoring

Equipment

could be decoded by the early AEA, HALand

To monitor d igital transmission s you require a decoder. Decoders arc avai lable as
independ ent outboa rd units or as an integral
part of your personal co mputer syste m. In
either ca se, they take the aud io signal from
yo ur receiver and co nve rt it to intell igible
fonn to be displayed on a video mon itor or the
decoder ' s ow n "m a rqui s-l ike" display. Many
of tod ay ' s decoders arc also capable of trans-

Kuntronic s units - More sop histicated mo nitoring required mor e ex pe nsive equipme nt,
oft en in the form of surp lus co mme rcial hardwa re. Then in the 70's, Infotech introduced
its high end/high pr iced line o f decoders. The
Wa vecoru was introduced in Europe,hut neve r
ga ined muc h popu lari ty in North Ame rica .
And so RTIY monitori ng continued to be
a practi ce requiring add itio nal peri phe ral
equ ipment a nd muc h experime ntation until

lating Morse code (eW ) . Only very recently

have decoders beco me availabl e for AC A RS

and pager modes in the VHFIUHF bands.

A stable shortwave communications receiver is also required for serious non-voice
utility mo nitoring.
Many o f us "ol d- timers" in the hobby
originally started by listening to the internation al shortw ave broadc asters and gradually
began to tune to other AM tra nsmiss ions in
the shortwave bands . A lim ited nu mber o f
aeronautical stations and numerous Ca ble
and Wi reless transmi ssion s began to app ear.

The introduction of Single Side Band (SSB)

and the increasing po pularity of Baudot RTIY
on the airwa ves saw the introductio n o f outboard digit al decoders.

O nly the strongest and clean est signa ls

the 80's.
Per haps the mo st significa nt factor in the
rise o f popul arity o f dig ital communications
for the hobb yist wa s the introdu ct ion of the
per sonal computer. A relatively simp le interface, coup led with intelligent software, now
pro vides not only a mean s of decodin g but
also of ana lyzing digital transm issions. As
ne w d igita l communication pro tocols are introd uced, pro gressive so ftwa re engi neers ca n
imple ment new code routines to process the m.
In next mont h' s column we' ll take detailed look at the decoders c urrently availab le
for monitors today - both o utboard, selfco ntained units as we ll as the popul ar co mpu ter interfaces. So as they say in the bro adcasting business - stay tuned !

HF Communications Using Digital Modes

Aerona utical
Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunications Network
(AFTNI Stations
Aeronautical Actual and Forecast Weather
Terminal Area Foreca sts (TAf)
Aircraft Flight Plans a nd Arrival/Departure Messages
Notices To Airmen (NOTAMSI
ACARS (Air/ Ground aviotion Messogesand aircraft telemetryl
Maritime
Inland Stations
Great La kes Weather a nd Traffic
Telex Traffic to Individual Vessels
Coastal Stations
Wea ther Synopsis, Reports, Watches and
Wa rnings
Ice Berg Alerts (North Atla nticl
HYDROLANT/HYDROPAC Broadca sts
NAVTEX and NAVAREA Broodcasts
Telex Traffic 10Individual Vessels
News, Sports & Financial Reports

Vessels/S hips
Global Maritime a nd Distress System
AMVERPosition Reports
Telex Traffic ta Shore Stations
Soviet Fishing Fleet
PoinH o-Point
Military
World Air Forces, Navies and Armies
Coded cnd'ln-ihe-Clecr" Message Traffi c
Military Flight Plans and Routings
FAA Chartsa nd Mops (Weather and Tactica l)
Naval High Seas Weather Broadcasts
tv\ARS (Milita ryAffi liate Radio System)TrofFic
Coost Guard (American and Ca nadian)
Coast Guard Communication Statiom/CG Cutter
Traffic
FAX Weather Cha rts and Maps
Ice Berg Alerts (North Atlantic)
HYDROlANT/ HYDROPAC Broadcasts
NAVTEX and NAVAREA Broadcasts
Varioos Maritime Service Broadca sts
Satellite PhotoRebroadcosts
Press Agencies

International News Agency Broad casts

Newspaper Press Photos (FAX)
Non-lotin Alphabet Press (FAX)
Chinese, Russia n, Arabic, Japanese
Meteorological Stations (Worldwide)
Forecast and Actual Wea ther Broadcasts
Weather Charts and Mops
Orbiting Wea ther Satellite Phot/
Diplomatic/ Govemment Embassies
Inter-embassy Troffic
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Press Bulletins
low Enforcement
INTERPOLTra ffic
Police Communications
Science a nd Research
AntarcticResearch Stations
Astronomical Observatories
International ReliefAgencies
United Nations Agencies
International Red Cross/ RedCrescent Society
Point-to-Point Circuits
Intemational Bonks and Financial Agencies
Intemational BusinessCorporations
Pager Communications

October ' 998

MONITORING TIMES

33

Shortwave Broadcasting
Glenn Hauser, P.O.Box /6B4-MT, Enid, OK73702
f-moil:<gholl5elhoimoil.rom>; fox: (SBO) 233-2i4B, ArT:Houser

Two Viewson Clean Signals

Orban 9105a Splatter Generator
"All the stories of splatter I' ve been hearing lately: ' says Bob
Za notti of Switzerland in Review of International Broadcasting,
"a rc sure ly caused by im prope r usc of high- Icvcl a udio processing ,
probably from the Orban 9 105a. Tech nicians some times have no
idea about the weaknesses of their transmitters, since they were
never pushed this hurd before. The Orban is the best processing in
the wor ld . but it ' s guaranteed to br ing out every modulati on
anomaly in a transmitter.
"Complaints 10 'o ffen di ng" stations are the best approach.
Some suuio ns may already kno w about the problem, but don 't do
anything until complain ts are received. M ention ing that an Orb an
l) I 05a mi ght he invol ved Ill ay strengthen the arg ument and even
help the technicia ns solv e the prob lem. because adequate warn ings
about these prob lems arc suppl ied w ith every unit. Orb an also has
a Website wit h email access for fi rst-rat e technical suppor t. So no
CXC llSCS ~"

I A Modest Proposal to Clean Up Shortwave

" I' m not a DXcr. alt hough I did listen to you r shows on RCI.
Still, it see ms that there is not much being done for the silen t
maj orit y that is the SW L audience.
" No w that so many shortwave serv icesareavai lable on satellite

or on the SA P or audio subcarrier of satellite or cable televi sion, it

seems that there is less o f a need for those services 10hog so much
of the shortwave spectrum. It also seems that fewer frequencies
could work as well for them. if they were more int elligentl y chosen,
" I'd li ke to propose compiling via i nternet a N orth Am ericawid e database of li stening conditions for these statio ns, so that it
can be seen which frequencies are redundant and can be dropped,
or are problematic and should be moved or dropped, or are doing so
well their power can be cut. Most of these stations target North
America separately, and should be int erested in such information .
They may even be w ill i ng to pay seeing that they can' t monitor the
entire cont inent themselve s. W it h a bit of programming. and
compliance by our informants, the reports could be compil ed
automatic all y by computer.

'Til volunteer to monitor BB e and DW in the 49 metre band ,

si ncethey seem to be the worst offenders. Ult imately, I ' d li ke to get
them down to the point where I can pick them up on only two
frequenci es at any give n tim e, and hear what I've been mi ssing on
the vacated frequenci es. A lso, one of my gri pes with SSC fr equency changes. is that they usuall y seem to clo se down on
frequencies that are strong. and then continu e on those that are
weak. W hy not stay on the strong fr equency until it becomes weak?
A t least I won't have to change frequencies." (Edward "Maximo"
Lachman, tachmaem ei emait.uc.edu v

AFGHANISTAN R. Voice of Sharia. 7200v.theTaleban-g overnment station, heard

ed., Be-OX)
with En glish at 1645-1 700, Ne wsdesk and comments about theirvictoryin the
CANADA [non]R. VoiceofCanada,or 'RAC" changed frequenciesinJuly,including
north:mostly poo r,sometimes fair to eve n good reception (Mikhail Hmoteyev.
15245 ex-15560 at 2000-2200and nomore English a121 00. Theseguys have
Russia)
no business representing Canada tothe world, and I am draftingacomplaint to
ANTA RCTICA LRA36. Radio Nacional Arca nqel San Gabriel, 15476, is currently
the government (Ernie Behr. Ont., WORLDOF RADIO)
COLOMBIA Rdif. Nacional,4955,has anoth erEnglishprog ram inadditionto OnLine
broadcasting only Mons. Tu es & Fris ' 1230-1430' (ex-Men, Wed & Fn 19002100). InJuly thetemperatureis 20oG there!! (Gabrie l IvanBarrera. Argentina,
Tue-Sat 0200-030o-Un ingles en Bogota, presented by Johnny We lsh, the
BC-OX)
Press Officer 01 theBritishEmbassyin Colombia, scheduled Sat 2330-2400but
AUSTRALIA Cumbre OXwas able to follow up with Hugh MacKenzie of Australian
on July 19 aired 0130-0200. Despite the title, meaning "An Englishman in
Armed Forces Radio.whohad thistosay abou t hisstation: "Thereasonthat we
Bogota,"it is entirely inEnglish.And 4955has atransmitter problem. Manager,
are usingtwo frequencies isthatwe arenowbroadcasting totwodifferentareas:
MrsAthalaMorris.says she is appointing an engineerto takecareexclusive ly
14790U is a domestic service for forces exercising in Australia or ships in
of the SW; also, 15 megapesos have been setaside to replace the final lube
Australian waters. 15635U is directed to Papua New Guinea where we have
(Henrik Klemetz, OSWCI OX Window)
forces working in disaster relief and as peace monitors in Bougainville."
Clan destines:V.delaHesistencia.6239.8vissc heduled as 20002200 daily,
MacKenzie added that broadcasting on two frequencies was a ve ry sudden
on6226 kHz per theirownannouncements. Musiconlyduring the twofirsthalfdecisionand is atrial. Both are coming from Belconnen and the poweris 10kW.
hours. R. Patrialibre, 6250.0ina40-minutetransmissiononJuly 29sa id their
"Wealso have an additional broadcast onThursdaysfortheAustralian ships in
schedulelromthat dale onwardswouldbe 1800-1830and2200-2230 daily. But
the RIM PACexercise offof Hawaii." (viaHans Johnson, Copyright Cumbre OX)
was silent at 1800 on Aug 1 (Henrik xiernetz ibid.)
BELARUS R. Minsk. English sc hedulegiven last month confirmed, plus Tue & Thu
COSTA RICA TI AWRhas been runningWavescan24 hourslater thanbefore, UTTue
t 930-2000.2030-2100 on11960, 72t 0,all to Eu. one hour later in winter: see
after 0000 at least on 9725. 13750 (Jim Moats, gh)
http://www.nestor.minsk.by/rad iod/indexen.htrr(BBC Monitoring)
CZECH REPUBLICR. Prague since July has experimented with combining two 100
BULGARIAThe Friday broadcast of R.Va rna inBulgarian. 2100-2115relaysNational
kW transmitters. and based on reception reports will evaluate in October
service Horizc nt. 21 15-0100own program neuo Sea; is operating "incognito"
whetherto continue. Includes Spanish at 2300 on9485 to SAm, 0200 on 6200
on the Bulgarian Nat ional Rad io. The national
to CAm (Jo rge Aloy, Mundo Radia ~ Also Enorganizationisn't payingtorthatspecial broad glish??
All times UTe; AI/f requencies kHz; * before hr = sign
cast. TileSW freq ofv9774 .8isn't coo rdinated
ETHIOPIA [non] R. Rainbow. V. of Peace and
on, * after IIr = sign off; II = parallel programming,'
by theHFCC organization. TheSW transmitter
Brotherhood (Amharic: Kestedamena radiyo ye
+
=
continuing
but
not
monitored;
2
x
freq
=
2nd
isput together fromold former jammerparts,
sefamena yewendimamach dimtse), reportedly
with an estimated power of 100 kW. (Rumen harmonic; J -98=May-S eplj Z-98=Sum mer season; Wope rated by opposition Resea rch and Action
Pankov, Bulgaria, Be-OX) Reminds me, that 98=Winler season; [non] == Broadcast to or for /he listed Group for Peace inEthiopiaandtheHornof Africa
the azimuth of tne ex-jamming antenna is
(RAGPEHA). heard viahired transm itters inGercountry, but 110/ necessarily originating there.
about 10"towards Moscow(WolfgangBuschel,
many: c/o RAPEH GA. P Box 140 104, 53056

34

MONITORING TIMES

October 199B

Bonn. Weekly in Amharic: Sal Ol00-0200 Am 9B55. Sun 0900-1000 Eu 5910.

Thu 1600-1700 At 15105 (BBGMonitoring)
GEORGIA With Voice of Hope moved to Germany (see below), I doubt that the
Georgians will find new foreign clients for their bad -shaped Dusheti transmitters . Maybe they rent airtimetoragoodprice. butothe r companies offera much
higher technical standard (Kai Ludwig. Germany)
GERMANY Asof 1August 1998, High AdventureMinistrie s(The Voiceof Hope) has
suspended usEuropean servicefromDushetl. Georgiaon121 25and has begun
broadcastingits European service fromJillich,Ge rmany. The sched uleis:18002159 on 6015, Christ ian program s in English. High Adventure is also using
Germanylor ils Soulh Asia programs 1330-1530 on 1571 5. both 100 kW . OSL
if reports accompanied by IRes (Peter Darg. World of Radio)
If you wa nt to have a lookat the antenna field, transm itter hall and main
control room at Julich, check out the
subpages under http://www.telekom .de/
angebol/rundfunk/rsender/lmk/ where
,
Deutsche Telekom offers its "T-MediaBroadcast" services, which alsoincludes
"shortwave - broadcasting with future,"
as they headline therespective page (Kai
Ludwig,Germany, Review otInternational
Broadcasting)
HONDURAS La Voz deta Mosquitia, 4910, is repaired, but won't be back on until
Octo ber t st, when missionaries will return to teach a class and supervise the
station's operatio n, At this time, they will operate their "big" transmitter. exmilitary with a power of 500 watts, resuming sched ule of 2300-0300. Bulk of
prog rammi ng will be in Miskito, but there will still be English and Spanish.
Nominal schedule Will also be dependent on sutficient fuel for the generators,
which represent the station's onfy means of power. All this per Larry Hooker,
who helped repair thetransm itter earlier this year. The station tooka lightning
strike in 1997 thatknocked it off theair (via Hans Johnson, Copyright Cumbre
OX)
IRELAND [non] RTE Aug 4 add stwo new freq uencies to its daily SW transmissions
to give better coverage inAfrica and SEAsia, includingAu stralia. The half-hou r
news and sports bulletin goes to Africavia Ascension on 17885 at 1730 and to
SE Asia via Singapore on 11740 at 1000. The bulletin is already transmittedon
12160 at 1830 and 5070 at 1000 [WWGR J(Wesley Boyd. RTE)
ITALY I have set up the English version of the web site dedicated to the RAI
Shortwave Center 01Prato Smeraldo. You can find photos, information and
history of the biggestshortwave sitein Italy.The re are alot of photos ofthe SW
transmitterandtheantenna towe rsalso: hUp:l!www.mediasuk.org/rai(Andrea
Borgnino via Mari e Lamb, Cumbre OX)
KASHMIR Voice of Independent Kashmir. Organization: Kashmiri Mojahedin.
Address: P.O. Box 102, Muzaftarabad. Azad Kas hmir, Pakistan, Languages:
Urdu, Kashmiri. English. Identifi cati on: {Urdu] Ni sera-i fwrriyat-i Kashmir hai.
1530-17303835.5 300.6300 (Mekhonoshin. Russia via GSGvia Glandesline
Radio Watch)
KURDISTAN Voice of Iraqi Ku rdlstan (Kurdish: eradangikurdistana iraqiya: Arabic:
salVt st-tiit t: al-dimuqrati al-kurdistani ai-iraqi) broadcasts in support of the
Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) led byMas'ud Barzani. This schedule IS as
announced by the radio. Frequencies, times and duration of broadcasts are
subject tochange. Broadcastsmaybeonehour laterin winter. UK Address : KDP
Press Oltice. PO Box 7725. London SW IV 3ZD. UK. Tel: +44-171-931-7764:
fax:+44-171-931-7765;Email: kdpeurope@aol.comURL:hMp://www.kdp.pp.se/
Studioat Salah at-Din. Daily in Ku rdish/Arabic toMideast on 4085v: 0245-0500
& 16451900 (BBGM)
Voice of the People of Ku rdistan (Kurdish: aira dangi gelli kurdistana;
Ara bic: sawtsha'bkurdistan) was firstobserved on23rdOctober 1988, butmay
have been inexisten ceforsome timebeforethen. It supports the Patri oticUni on
of Kurdistan (PUK) led by Jalal Talabani. The radio has in the past used
freq uencies around 15060-v, 7270-v, 6295-v,5845-5880-v, 4000-4200-v and
3930-3960-v. PUK website: htlp:llwww.puk.orgE-mail: webmaster@puk. org
Allfrequenciesandtransmission timesarehig/lly variable. In Kurdish/Arabic to
Mideasl dally at 1445-1800 on 4060v. repealed at 0200-0500onsame. 11 30
1330 on 6015-6030v (BBGMonitoring)
KYRGYZSTAN Kyrgyz Radio First Program. Domestic Service, includes some
English newscasts III daytime and at 2310-2320 daily on 4050. 4010 as
monitored; one hour later in winter (BBCM)
MALTA Checking some links. I discovered that the Voice of theMediterranean now
has an "otticia! ' Web site at http://Vol.nel.ml/com/Vom/ VoM celebrates. if
that's the right word. 10 years of broad casting in September (Andy Sennitl,
DSWGI OX Window Gaugi1l tn the Web)
MEXICO RMI,9705. seems to haveimproved audio processing; sounds better now
(GeorgeThurman. Reviel'l Of InternationalBroadcasting) But stillslightlylowin
frequency, so presumably not 'new' transmitter (gh)
NEWZEALAND TheMinistryofForeign Affairs has approved cutbacks in Rad ioNew
ZealandInternational'sprogrammeand broadcastingoutput.WithNewZealand's
official shortwave voice already running on a ve ry tight budg et. the cut of
NZ$166,OOO (abo ut USS85, OOO ) or 13 percent reduction in anouat fund ing
- ~-

means a significant cutback in programming services. ~-:. ~oO&.r-,,".....,

The breakfast sessron will be retained but from G ~
10.30am lill l0 .15pm NZT (2230-1015 UT at midyear)
Co
RNZ I wnl relay Radio New Zealand 's 'National Radio'
-.::J.1
domesticservice. Theonly exceptionsare expected to be
-..
~
an RN ZI Pacific Islands news bulletin insert at 4.00pm
(0400 UT) and occasional Cyclo ne Wa rning Broadcasts. The Foreign Affairs
Ministry has made a small grant (USS9000) to en surethe latter unique se rvice
is maintained.
The only Pacif ic Island language programming to be retained will be the
local morning news broadcasts in Samoa n. Cook Islands Maori. Tongan and
Niuean.
Evening progra mming to be dropped includes the popular Pacific Islands
language music request program mes and a number of English language
featu res including Rudi Hill's Onthe March.
Speaking on be half of the NZ Radio OX League, the largest shortwave
listener organization in theSouthern Hemi sphere and presently celebratingits
50th anniversary. Bryan Clark notesthat1998 isalsoRNZl's 50th birthday.The
first offiCial shortwave broadcasts from the 7.5 kilowatt transmitters at Titahi
Bay north ofWellington tookplaceon25 September 1948. Bryan saystheyea rto-year funding review by the Foreign Affairs amou nts to a slow strangulation
of the broadcaster and its dedicated staff. who provides incredible value for
money with an annual operating budget of under USS700.000 (via Paul
Ormandy, swl@qth.net)
Mailbox broadcast times altered: UT Mon 21 35 on 17675, Wed 1735 on
6145. fri 1930 on9875 (Ad rian Sainsbury. RNZ I) Making II a101 harder 10 hear
in NAm ; best chance the first airing . All the Rudi Hill shows are gone, but
some one else's Band Programme airs Fri 0830 (gh)
RNZI Frequency Schedule until 25 October 1998
MonFri
Sun-Thu
Pri-Se!
SunThu
Fri-Sot
Daily
Daily
O FF-AIR
Occosioncl Use for Sporting Broadcasts

I.II

1650-1751
1752 -1951
17521958
1952045 8
19590458
0459-0705
0706-10 15
1015 1650
1206 1650

ME

6145
11675
17675
11905
9700
6100

RNZI has new address: info@rnzi.com and website cha nged to http://
www.rnzi.com (Adrian Sainsbury. Freq uen cy Manager, Rad io New Zealand
International)
NICARAGUA Updateon R. Miskut. 5770. Ope rations nowfeaturethenewtransmitler with full authorized power [previously given as 500 watts] to new dipole
antenna. Futureplans include the possibility ofadditional power.Newtowers are
currently under construction for new SW and FM antennas. The FM sister
operation, R. Bilwi on 104 MHz, is conti nuingand will have a powe r increase
during next year. Advert ising income or NGO sources of support for this
indigenous and unique broadcasting facility are essential if operations are to
continue. SW broadcasts currently run from 1200 to 0430UT (JohnFreeman.
Tech Systems)
PARAGUAY R. Nacional. 9737.6 in the clear with Singapore 9740 auroraled out.
Friday at 1044 tune in to mailbag, all in Spanish with letters from NY, NY; Italy;
David Martin in Australia: Argentina. many reporting"perfect" reception. Well.
it wou ldbe more"perfect" nowifthe modulati onwe ren't lowanddistorted. 1053
JD as"Onda Tricolor deRadio Nacional delParaguay" (gh)
NIGERIA [non] V. of Free Nigeria, not heard since ea rly July Sat at t 900 oneither
11645 or 12015 (Ernie Benr. Ont.. World 01Radiol
Voice of Free Nigeria - Mukhtar Dan'lyan. Pres of the Free Nigeria

DX Listening Digest
More broadcasting informati on by country compi led
by Glenn Hauser

Review of International Broadcasting

SW Programm ing , opinion , equi pme nt, sate ll ite moni t oring.
Samples $2.50 each (outside North America US $3 or 6 IRCs)
10 issue subscripli ons 526 in USA. or both lor 549
Glenn Hauser, Box 16B4-MT, Enid, OK 73702

October 1998

MON ITORING TIMES

35

. ..
the Global Forum (continued)
~

Movement, told Cumbre OX: "We ended our radio broadcasts a few weeks ago
after Abiola's death. Since Abacha's [former leader] died last June, Abu-Bakr
[present Nigerianlead er]has convinced most NigeriansIhatthings are goingto
be OK. Since Abiola's death, many who were elected with him are no longer
demanding totake office. People aresaying, Abacha's gone, Abiola's gone, the
problem (of tensionin Nigeria] is over.
"The Free Nigeria Movement will be holding a referend um in the coming
weekstodecidewhat our futuremessage, if any,will be. The oldmessage[end
of military rule] is simply no longer effective." Whenasked, he said that they did
not go off for financial reasons. Dan'lyan added that they were well heard in
Nigeria alth ough there had been a few attempts to jam them. They never did
receive any listen ers letters direct from Nigeria; all of these were confiscated
(they tried somethem selvesas atest),but theyd idreceivelettersfromNigerians
whowereabl etohavethem mailed from abroad. He didnotholdupmuchhope
of the stationreturningtotheair, butwouldn't say that itwouldneverreturn(via
Han s Johnson, Cumbre OXCopyright Aug 9)
ViaWGTG, 9400, Radio SNBShasstarted latethelasttwoSaturdays, 1936
or so. Usually a sh ortcommentaryonthe political situation by Maureen Gold,
followed upby theexact samethreesongs.Same problem as RadioNew Nigeria
had, not really ab le to prod uce sufficient prog ramming with eno ugh variety.
Some breaks in transm issions. still so unds likea telephone feed. Program cut
off in progress bathweeks at2000 (Hans Johnson, Cumbre OX)
ROMANIA ROMPRES, press radlotefetype onF1 B,50baud as monitoredinJuly: MF0900-0945 English, 0945-1030 French to Eu on YOJ27-9797; M-Sa 104011 30EnglIShtoAs onYOM21 -1211 0;M-F 1530-1615 & Sat 1530-1 600French;
Sat 1600-1630 & M-F 1615-1700 English all to Eu on YOG59-6972 (BBC
Monito ring)
SAINT HELENA Radio SI. Helena Oay, the updated dates and times for Radio SI.
Helena are Sat 24th Oct 199B, 11 092.5 usb mode, 1900-2300 (Art Preis via
Juergen Kubiak, BC-OX)
TAHITI Relieved to note RFO back on 15170, good strength and audio, popvocal
arou nd 0250 (Randy Stewart, MO, Review of International Broadcasting) But
still callously blocked by WYFR atter 0350 (gh)
rAJIKISrAN R. Dushanbe, 7245, 1636-1 759', Dari at the beginning, then Arabic
at 1700 and Persian at 1715,1 645-1659 English with opening 10 as "This is
Dushanbe - the capital of the Republic of Tajikistan," schedule and news with
major reports aboutDemocratic People's Party of Tajikistan and UN development program for Tajiki stan (Mikhail Timofeyev, Russia, DSWCI OX Window)
ExternalEnglish schedu led 0345-0400 on 11 620, 9905, 7245; 1645-1 700
7245 (BBCM )
Greetings fromRadio Tajikistan English Service. Dear friend. Hello. We all
arevery glad tohaveyourletter. We are verysorrytosendyouletterindue time.
We have send QSL card toyou. We hope you willreceive it soon. Anyway now
areveryseriousabout our listeners. Gouldyouinformus aboutyoumare. If it's
possiblethen sendsome OXclubse-mailaddresses. We wanttoco-operatewith
thempleasesendyour ownphotography. Takeasnap ofyour QSL collections.
We areeager to collect ourlisteners' pictures for our OSL collections. Our new
address: EnglishService, International Service, Radio Tajikistan, Post Box-108,
Dushanbe 734025, Tajikistan. With bestwishes. (Nasrullo Ramazonov. Parvez
Satter, Iiton@td.silk.org viaZacharias Lianqas. Greece, hard-core-dx)
TIBET [non] Clandestine from Lithuania: 9710, Radio Free Tibet of the Overseas
Chinese. I askedmywife.whoisfluent inChi nese,tolistentoarecording of this.
Exact announcementis Ziyou Xizang Huayi Diantai mea ning "Radio Free Tibet
of the Overseas Chinese. " The whole program at 1301-1 332 was in Standard
Chinese rathe r than in any kind of Tibetan dialect. Announced sc hedule:
Mondays and Wednesdays at1900 Lhasa time, 2100 Beijinglime, 1300 UT. No
addresswas given . They also announced something for Tuesdays and Th ursdays; somay be inStandard Chinese on MonlWed, Tibetan on TuefThu? Or are
thetransmissionsonTuefThu repeats of theones onMonlWed?Thisone needs
more research (Harald Kuhl . Germany, Cumbre OX)
TURKEY VOT made one frequency change Aug 1 for Englishto Asia at 12301330:
17B30 ex-15290 (TRT viaLarry Russe ll)
UK 0 GBAN I BBC is planning tocutbackon high brow rad ioprogrammes aimed
at themiddleclassesand channel themoneyintopop shows- moreresources
for Rad io One, less for speech-based Radio Fo ur and classical Radi o Th ree.
More money is alsoplanned for RadioFivelive, the sport and news service. A
BBG insider says"Thebig set programmeslikethe Promsan dtheReith Lectures
will survive, butthe intelligent, complex features, documentaries and dramas
willgo.lt isbei ng done by stealth." (Sunday Times viaTim ArnoldviaRick Lewis)
Referstodomestic services,butwe're apprehen sive about impact onthe Wo rld
Service (gh)
UKRAINE Following your reports on RUI I checked outthe 2100 transmission on
July 25. 1heard them on6020 71BO 72407380 7410 and13590. They had the
DXprogramme at 2145. At the end, the presenter announced that 12040 and
9550 had been off theair since lateJune. They were broadcastfromMykolayiv
toNAm. Transmissionsonthese frequencies hadceased duetothe failureof the
National Rad ioCompanytopay rental fees. Presenteralsosaid 7150and 12050

36

MONITORING TIME5

October ' 99B

at0400-1600 had ceased (Mike Barraclough, England, ReviewOflntemstionst

Broadcasting)
USA WBCa, Maine, authorized on7415at2200-0600from Sept 1(George Jacobs
& Associates viaJim Moats) BrotherStair nowexpected to buy littleif anytime
on WBCQ (Randi Steele via George Thurman)
WGTG -2 resu med testing Aug 9 on 9505 with 340-degree rhombic. This
unit was aboutto gointoregular service. Dave Frantz tells methat yetanother
FCC surprise inspection took place in July, and everything was OK. WGTG
continues to be harrassed, perhaps by land-development interests in the
neighborhood. He is gathering evidence that other stations posea far greater
riskof RFradiation.su chasWSB-750 whosetower isinthemiddleofashopping
center it owns; and WWBS Macon, GA, islikely to have even more severerisks
and problems transmitting from downtown rathe r than a rural area (gh)
AfterillicitlyphotocopyingengineeringandlegaldocumentsofWGTG while
"relieving" theFrantzes from constant running of the station, the Fundamental
BroadcastingNetwork, whichWGTG cancelledinMarch, hasappliedto bu ildits
own SW station at its North Carolina HO (Dave Frantz, WGTG)
WINB-l ookforthis station tocontinue as it has been,according to station
engineer,Fred Wise-mostlyChri stianmusic.Thestation isn't being marketed,
butcustomers do find it attimes nowthrough theE-mail add ress. The re areno
plans to either create another shortwave transmitter fromthe second transmitterWINBhas (actually WGY's oldAMtransmitterand purchased ove r 20years
ago) or torevivethelatin American antenna (taken outinan accident fouryears
ago).Wise mentions thatthey dostillreceive receptionreports fromEurope and
Mexico (theEuropean antenna was made switchableafter the accident), but50
kW doesn't get through like it used to, particularly during crowded band
conditions (via Hans Johnson, Gumbre DXCopyright)
WM LK upgrade plans fromJuly TheSacredName Brosdcsster. WMLKsays
that they have begun an upgrade process: 1. Improve the original 50 kW
(conve rted MW) transmitte r, and construct a new antenna capable of higher
power. 2. Convert their second 50 kW (MW) transmitter to 100 kW SW. 3.
Reco nditionoriginaltransmitter,andupgradeit to100kW .4.Thencombinethe
twofor 200 kW of power. They say they've "cutback onsome ofthebroadcast
time inorder to begin workonimprovingthetransmitter." WM lK has regularly
exposedthepagan origins of popular holidaysusing secular sources.They also
claim that Jesus was killed on a tree, not a cross. So maybe mainstream
Christianity. i ~ wrongabout the cross (la rry Russell, MI, World of Radio)
If youVISit the WRMI street address,you mayfindadark buildingevenwhen
WRM I is on the air. Although some production takes place there, tapes are
actually played from thetransmittersite, which is very hot and incorrectly airconditioned.The new log-period icantenna droops and looks rather flimsy; how
wIll It hold upto the next hurricane? (Re view OfInternationa l Broadcasting)
TheAFRTS relays from Key West on427B.5,645B.5, 126B9.5,whichmight
contmue until November, were unhelpful in providi ng a complete program
schedule; a few we monitored were subject to pre-emption by ball games
afternoons andevenings; Paul Harveynoon 0348-0359 still withallcommercial
breaks removed; Paul Harvey 'sRest of theStory0425 weeknights; Perspective
from ABC Sunday 11 30; NPR Weekend Edition Sat & Sun 1200-1400; NPR
Morning Edition weekdays 1000-1200, DSTtimings (gh)
VOA~chedu led o~ short noticespecial 2-hourradio dramas it produced, 3
consecutive Sundays mJuly and Aug ustat 1300-1 500 pre-empting News Now
(Communications World)
WORLD OF RAOIOonWWCR: addednewearlytimeolThu 1600 on156B5
for latestskedsee ourwebsitebe low. Remembe r thatall WWCRprogramming
shifts one UT hour later when standard time returns Oct. 25 (gh)
VENEZUELA Ecos del Torbes,4980,Satprogram Recordando: A Gozar Muchachos
at 2205-2300,produced byDr.Simon Zaidman. isgradually turningintoashow
whereconsiderableattention is given to listeners abroad independently of the
program they are reporting. Midway into it there is an En glish 10, and a few
weeks ago, a letter from ex-East Germany was read on the show, receivi ng
favorable comments by the people in the studio as the German DXer had
correctly given the names of various of the program hosts. A few Venezuelan
football narrators onassignment in France during the Football World Cupwere
amazed atthecrispsignal Ecosdel Torbesisputting intoEurope.AndontheJuly
25 Sh?w, arecording made byBertl arsson, in Hallsberq, Sweden, was played
(Henflk Klemetz, DSWCI OX Window)
VIETNAM The angel who has been putting all the Home (National) Service
transmitters back on even frequencies also knows how to fix modulation
problems. For years,the Hmong (National 3) se rvice has been adistorted mess
around 6164v. Notanymore. It is now on nominal 6165with good modulation
and signal. Heard at1215 with the tonal singing that these guys are famou sfor
and 115035. I say turnthis boyloosein theprovinces next. By wayof review4958/9v is nowon4960;5034visnowon5035(nominal is5030 thoughj;5924v
IS nowon5925,6164v isnowon6165, 10059v isnowon10060, 12035.2is one
I can't hear; cananyoneconfirmthatit is on 12035-even now? (Hans Johnson.
Cumbre DX)
Untilthe Next, Best of OX and73 deGlenn!
http:/twww.angelli re.com/ok/World crra di0

00 28 UTe on 496 0.1

DOM INICAN REP .: Radio Cima Cien. Spa nish. Merengue mu sic
prog ram ...with their dist inc tive heavy, up-t em po march beat and initial
drum roll. Tw o salsa tunes to "desde la Republica Dom inican a tran sm ite
Radio Cima Olen." (Gay le Va n Horn, Bra sstown, NC)
00 30 UTC on 5012
DO MINICAN REP .: Radio Crista! IntI. Classic jazz standards mu sic
program including Ain 't Misbeh avin 'and I Ca n' t Give You Anything But
Love. "Radle Cristal.. .la vo z de ta Repub lica Dornlnican a," frequency
quote and info to na tional an them an d 0 103 . (Van Hom , NC) Station
address: Apa rtad o Pos tal 89 4, Santo Domingo, Domin ican Repub lic.
(Don 't forget return postage -ed.)
00 58 UTC on 601 0
ITALY: AAI. Report on the film ex hibit ion in Rom e. (Bob Fra ser ,
Coh asset, MA) Station webs ite : <htt p://www.mediasu k .o rglra l>
0130 UTC
Rad io seteme. Spani sh. Ev ening co mmunica dos and announce ments
about cit y Santa Cru z. Occasional nat ion al news br ief and sound effect
bites. Stali on 10 to panpipe music. Stat ion is very we ak. (Fra nk Hinton,
Charle ston, SC)
0150 UTe on 6479.72
PERU: Radio Altur a. Spani sh. Anno uncer's chat at tune-in to mentions
of Huarmaca, Peru. Station slogans and jing les to frequency quote. 10
at 020 1, nu merous time checks, bes t to monitor in LSB (lowe r side
band) . Fairly we ak. (Da ve Valko. PAl The Four Winds) .
0155 UTC o n 4955
CO LOMBIA : Radiodifusi6n Nacion al. Closi ng Spa nish ta lk to Eng lish
prog ramm ing (0200 -0300/Mon-Sa t.) weak signa l and fair aud io level .
IDs, freq s and talk to promo "Badto Nac ional. ..to Colombia and the
world ." Very nice Col ombia n uptempo cu mb ia music. (Van Horn, NC)
Addre ss: Edif icio tnravision. CA N, Av. Eldorado, Santate de Bogota,
D.C., Colombia. (Van Horn , NC) - Replies slowly - ed .
0231 UTe on 61 15
PERU : Radio Uni6n. Spanish mentions of Lima into musical program.
Station 10 as, "ex itos en Union ta Rad io," audible to 024 7. Peru 's Rad io
Satellte audible on 6725 .5 at 0240. (Nicholas Eramo, Buenos Aires ,
Argentinal TFl'YJ
0245 UTe on 5010
ECUADOR: Radiof6nica s Populates . Spanish. Fair signal qu ality fo r
And ean music and chat. Stalion identification to time check . (Tom
Banks , Dalla s, TX)
030 2 UTe on 5960
CYP RUS : (no n) Radio Monte Carlo . Arab ic Pano rama new s show in
prog ress wi th items on Anka ra and Arafat. Station 10 to items on Beirut ,
Lebanon, Libya and Israel. News on Washington, DC , and Clinton 's
mess. Pan oram a menti on ed plus station 10. Music bridge to clos ing info
an d 032 0 . (Va n Hom , NC) th is station's programming is prepared in
Cyprus and tran smitted via Radio Can ada lntl's Sackville, Canada ,
transm itter.
0320 UTe o n 6105
BRAZIL: Radi o Cuttura. Portu guese. Ann ounc er's me ntion of city Foz
do Iguacu . Braz ilian music program to 10 as, 'voce es ta em la sim tonia
da Radi o Cultura." Brazil' s Ra dio Ed ucao Ru ral heard on 4755 at 0330
with IDs, and jingl es, 0400*. (Sam Wrigh t, Bilo xi, MS )
0344 UTC on 969 0
SPAIN : China Radio Inll rel ay. Discussion on world relig ions, clo sing
this segment of Focus program at 0345 . Signal strong and stea dy .
(Mich ael C. McCart y, Galloway, OH) Multilingual we bsite : <h tt p:"

-ea.

www.me.es
0416 UTe on 4914 .6
PERU : Radio Cora. Spa nish. Musical program , co mments from annou nc er on English mu sici an . Comme rc ia ls to 10 as , yo soy
Cora...amigos de Cora bten ventd os a esta cite can musica Arg entina ."
(Nico las Eram o, Buen os Aire s, Argentinal TFW)
07 00 UTe o n 595 0
T AIWAN : (non) Radio Taipei Inll via Okeechobee, FI. News to 07 14 ,
feature s and elementary Chinese prog ram . (Chris, Stroup, Norm an,
OK) Websi te: <htt p :// ww w .c bs .org .t w/en g/ e-e ng lis h.h t m>
M

0848 UTC on 6005

JAPAN: NHK-Sapporo. Home serv ice relay in US B (upper sid eban d)
with rad io drama, fair signal. BBC' s Vamats, J ap an relay hea rd on
6065 at 0900 , fading up to World Service English new scast. (Pau l
Orm andy, New ZealandlTFl-V)
1020 UTC on 11634
PHI LIPPIN ES: FEB C. Religious text to hy mns and voca ls. Stat ion 10 to
brief new scast , fair signal with fading. (Frank Hilll on , Ch arl eston, SC)
Website : <htlp:!fwww.feb c.or g/ >
1230 UTC on 13730
AUSTRIA: Radio Austria IntI. Profile on th e love letters of J ohann
Strau ss. (Fraser, MA) Multilingual website: <http://www.ort. at/ro il>
1442 UTC on 17630
GABON : Africa Numero Un . French service wi th ne ws of Bra zzaville
and Lib reville to Afr ican hilif e music. Musical jingle IDs to public service
announcements . Rech eck 1743 on 15475 to west Africa and ea st North
Ame rica , Male OJ's pop music and native mb ira instrumental. IDs,
freq s, and address. Time tips to 1859' . Sign-on 1900 0n 9580in French
with 10. (Hilll on, SC)
1708 UTC on 21460
COS TA RICA: Radio For Peace Inll . Disab ility Radio Worldwide program in progress at tune-in. Fair signal fo r Radio Nation prog ram .
(McCarty, OH) websi te : <htt p://www.c lar k.n et/p ublcw ilk ln s/ rt pi>
182 0 UTC o n 1526 5
UNITED ARAB EMIR ATE S: Radio Dubai. Arabic p rogramming to
"Hadio Oubai" 10 . Newsl ext to 1850. Good signa l qu ality . (Tom Banks,
Dallas, T X) UAE TV on C -band sa teffite Galaxy 7, transponder 10 with
Arab ic and English programming. - ed .
1847 UTC on 503 6
CENT RAL AFRICA N REP : RTV-Cenlral riqu e. French. Hard to co py
sig nal while male anno uncer speaks of a music festival. Time tip s at
1900 to cle ar "Centratriq ue. Ban gui" identif ication. Weak to poor qua lity . (Piel Pijpers, Ne the rla nd sl TFl'YJ
18 50 UTC on 500 9.5
MA DAGS CA A: Radio Madagasika ra. Fair qu ality for regional music
program to vernacular text. Nation al anlhem for 1902 sign-off. (Pijpers,
NlDITFl'YJ Address : Boite Postal 1202 , Antanan arivo, Madagascar.
Replies slowly, $1 .00 required.
190 5 UTe on 11990
KUWAIT: Hip-hop voca ls ( We Need to Hook Up) 10 canned 10 lor FM
service at 1910 . Still aud ible at 2020 rech eck with pop voca l tune from
Bel Biv Dev oe (Poison ). (David Neibauer, Lexington, KY) C-Band
service, Radio Kuwait TV ca n be se en on GE-2 (W2) transponder6 with
Arab ic a nd English programming . - ed.
1920 UTe on 957 5
MOROCCO: Radio Med i 1. Pop mu sic at tune -in to 2000 10. Arab ic
newscast of fair quality, aud ible pas12015. (Hillton, SC) French website :
<hn p :ltwww.medI1.c om/> {Harold Frodge, Midland ,MI)
2105 UTC on 502 5
BENIN : O ATB. Mentions of Benin and Parakou at tune in. Ethnic folk
tune to French te xt at 2 130 introducing rad io dram a . Slight interferen ces amid poor to fair sig nal qualily. (Pijpers , NLDITFW)
2115 UTe on 15135
RWAN DA: Deutsche We lle relay. Spo rtsca st to more on Clinton's
mess. Item on Tur kish criminal to be deport ed, and the Techno Music
Festival to 2150 . (Stroup , OK ) C-band sat effite for Deutsche Welle TV
on GE-' (WI) tran sp ond er 22 with Germa n and English programming.

-ea.

-ea.

2316 UTC on 990 0

EGYPT : Radio Cairo . World news topics to identifica tion, fair sign al
quality. (McCarty, OH) Real Audio avai lable: <htt p:// www.s ls .g o v.e g/
vldau di o/ ht mUau d lofm. htm>

n UIl1J.:.f to our contributars - HUI'e vou .w' fIt in YOUR IOM.f?

Send to Gayle Van Hom , c/o MOl/itoring Times (or e-mail gaylrr @grol'e.nel)
English broadcast unless otherwise limed.

October 1998

MONITORING TIMES

37

You Can't Beat It...No Way...No How...

HEY ! You wi th the headph on es on! Guess
hy no w you've noticed the summer radio static
is outta here -c- und isn 't it abou t time? Ready or
not. DX season is her e !
Have yo u checked yo ur antennas...and perhap s ad ded a few 11 l:,v OIll:S? Go t a ne w logbook.
how abo ut a stutiou/co um ry hit list?
Supp lies in order? l f not . Bill Plum ' s Stamp
Se rvice CUll send yo u his latest price list for a
se lf-addres sed e nvelope to : 12 Gl enn Rd ..
F lemington, NJ OXH2 2-3322 .
Did you update yo ur Passport to World Hand
Radio re feren ce hook for 1999? T his is a "must ha ve"
to every se rious sho rtwave listener. Call Gro ve Enterprises orde r line at I -HOO-43X-X 155 for pricin g informat ion ( BO K 18-99).
Nee d so me OX in fo'! Oc tobe r 24t h marks the annual
broadcast from Radio St. Helen a. starting 1900 -2J OO UTe o n
I 1.092 ]\11-1, USB. Th eir webs ite <h tt p:// www.s th clcna .se/>contain s link s and mor e regarding this popu lar bro adcast.
Don ' t fo rge t Hallo ween is this mont h. whic h menu s the be st
nigh t o f the yea r fo r the abs urd to pop up. Ch eck out George Zelle r' s
C A \ 1UO OIA
National Radio ofCarnbodi a. 11940 kl fz. Hand writt en ful l pcgc letter signed by
Kem Yam-Director of International Rela tion s. T wo station stickers and a
schedule enclo sed . Rece ived in (iOd.lYSforu n Eng lish report, one U.S. do llar, one
International Reply Coupo n (IRC) 1RC and Clevelan d postcard. Sta tion addre ss:
Monivong Boulevard No. 106. Phnom l'enh. Cambod ia. (Lee Silvi. Mentor. OH)

Outer Limits

l.:O IUIll I1 for maildrop addresses and more.

Th e World Har vest Radi o Q SL curds ha ve been completely rede sig ned for \VHRI and KWHR to co mple ment
W HRA. the newly acqu ired tra nsm itter s ite in Gree nb ush.
Mai ne. While cad} o ne is diffe rent. the y arc all
desig ned to work toget her as a set. Submit your
reception reports for each station to: Wo rld Harvest Rad io. P.O . Box 12. So uth Bend. IN 466 14 .
Fax (2 19) 29 1-9043 or ema il <wh r w tcsce.conc-

W hat a bou t snacks? Surel y you don't DX witho ut the m. Plent y of co ffee (o r cola ) ... and I'm not
talkin g decaf! If yo u reall y wa nt to ge t serious put
in a s lee ping ha g for quick na ps during an "a llnigh t session."
Did yo u rem emb er Radi o Austra lia <h tt p rwww/a hc. n et.a u/
> is bein g ver ified by the Australian Radi o D X Clu b Inc." (A RDXC)
A ll recep tio n re po rts sho uld he se nt to: c1o John Westland -Man ager.
G PO Box 42XG. Melb ourn e V IC 300 1 Austra lia.
So there yo u hav e it...a quick run throu gh to prep are yo u fur the
OX season plus so me QSLi ng tips. Here ' s ho ping your OX is
aweso me th is year...on e yo u ca n' t bcat.i. no wuy '
I.IUYA
Rad io Jam ah iriya, 1541 5 kHz. Full daI:. African Service color rainbo w QSL ca rd
unsig ned. Received in 77 day s for a taped repo rt and one U.S. dollar. QSL
address: European Brunch O ffice. P.O. Box 17. Ha rnrurn. Malta . (Randy
Stewart , Springfield, MO )
~IEIH UM

C ANADA
CBN-Newf\lu ntllandCKZN 6 160k Hz. Tbree Ox l.carcs unslgncd . Received for
English report s fro m a year ago and from 1996. Stati on address: Transmission &
Distribution Dcpt.. P.O . Box 120 1O-Station A, 5 t John' s NF Canada A I B 3T8.
(Sflvi, 01 1) Full dat a map card signed by S. W illiam s in 1'176 da ys for an Engli sh
repo rt. (C ha rlie W ashb urn . Nort h Perry, ME)

CIII J.E
Radio Voz Cristiuua. 2 1550 kHz Local QSL ca rd unsign ed. Receive d in 20 day .s
for an Eng lish report and mint s tamp s. QS L addre ss: P.O. Box 2889, Mia mi, FL
33 144. (Frank Hillton, Charles ton, sq.

I'M
WUCX-90. 1 MHz FM. Per sonal handw ritte n letter from Howard Sharpe r-P rod .
Manager. plus business ca rd. program info bookle t, 1m2 90 new slet ter, cover age
map and station so uvenirs. Recei ved for an En gli sh FM report. Station addre ss:
Delta Public Radio, Universit y Center, Bay City. M I 48710. (Israel D. Moore ,
Livingston, AL)
WRCT-RlU M Hz FM. Fu JIdata prepured Q 'Sl. uard signed by Nei l A. Don nell yGen. Man ager. Recei ved in 2 months for an Engli sh FM report and m int stamps.
Station address: 5000 Forbes Ave. . Pittsbu rgh. PA 15213. (Ro be rt Ross. London.
Out. Cana dalAmFmTI'iJx)

\VAVI<:

Adela ide 5FAN-89 1 kl-lz ,\ MlN ar.Lcoo rte SPA- I lll l kHz AM . Fu ll da ta cards
for each station. signed by Sue Town send-At). Station sou venirs enclosed.
Recei ved in 23 day s for a taped report. Station address: GPO 99 94 . Ade laide SA
Aus tralia 500 t. (Patri ck Martin, Seaside. OR )
C KT B-A M 6 10 kHz. Part ial da le verification on station letterhead sig ned by
Jamie O' Brien und Tim Den is-Oil Air Personalities duo , plus co veragc map.
Received in t 7 days for an AM report . Station addr ess: I SI. Paul Stree t-S uite
6 10. SI. Carhcrincs. ON Can ada L2R 7L2. (H arold Frod ge. Midland. M I)
W ILM-AM 1450 kHz. Full data Special DX 7"t'.~1 QSL 0 11 stati on letter head
signed by Allan Louden-Program Manager, plu s station stick ers. Received in
e ight day s foruu AM repo rt. Stat ion address: 12 15 French Street , P.O. Box II}(JO,
W ilmingto n. DE 19899- t990. (Frodgc, MI)
PIRATES
Anteater Radio. 6955 kHz USB . Fu ll data semi-truck and ani ca rd sig ned by Peter
Wo rth. Letter, truckers' sa fety pamp hle t and large rubber ant enclosed . Received
in 38 da ys for a pirate report and three mi nt stamps. QSL maildrop: P.O. Box I,
Be lfast. N Y 147 1t . (Bill Wi lkins , Spri ng lidd.MO )
Radi o Ec lipse. 6955 kil l. USB. Full dat a Season Finale card sig ned by Steve
Mann. Received in 231 days for a pirate report and three mini stam ps. QSL
maildrop : P.O. Box 2H413, Pro vidence, RI 0290 H. (Wilkins, M O)

LAOS
National Radio , bt 30 kHz. Part ial data verificatio n leiter signed by Miss
v ichitsavanh C bamhcry -Announccr tfinglish Section). Received in I66days for
.11\ Eng lis h report. tape recordin g, Maine postcard, used sta mps and two U.S.
do llars. Station add ress: P.O . Box 3 10, Vie ntiane, Lao Democratic Rep.
(wushbum, ME )
LIO

LEBANON
Voice of Hope . 11530 kllz. Verificat ion via emai l fro m Gary Hull-Station
Manager, within hours of sending report via emai l. Ema il rep ly indic ated they arc
cons idering a new 11 r.,'IHz frequen cy due to Radi o Free As ia interference. (Sitvi.
0 . ' ) Station we bsite: <h lt p:!lwww.h ighlld .en tu re.of1vuh _m idd .h tml>

38

MONITORING TIMES

October 1998

Free Hope Experien ce, 695 5 kHz USB . Full data UFO card sig ned by Maj .
Spoo k. Recei ved in 25 days for a pirate report and three mint stamps. QSL
muild rop: P.O. Box 109 , Blue Ridge Su mmit. PA 172 14 . (Anonymous, PAl

ST.IIEtENA
Radi o 51. Helena. 11092 USB kHz. Full data map/log o card signed by Derek
Richards -Manager . Rece ived in 269 da ys for an English report .1IId three IRCs.
Station addre ss: Th e Ca stle, Jamesto wn. SI. Hele na. South Atlan tic Ocean.
(W ashburn. ME; Wilkins, MO)

How TO USE THESHORTWAVEGUIDE .

Conv ert your time to UTe .
Eastern and Pacific Times are already convert ed to Coordinated
Universal Time (UTe) at the top of each pag e. The rule is: convert
your local time to 24-hour format; add (during Daylight Savings Time)
4, 5,G,or 7 hours for Eastern , Central, Mountain or Pacific Tim es,
respect ively.
Note that af dates, as well as times, are in UTe ; for example, a show
which might air at 0030 UTe Sunday will be heard on Saturday evening in
1:

America (8:3 0 pm Eastern , 5:30 pm Pacific).

Choose a program or st ation you want to hear.

Some selected programs appear on the lower half of the page for
prime listening hours- space does not permit 24-hour listings.
Occasionally program listings will be followed by "See X OOoo.nThis
information indicates that the program is a rerun, and refers to a previous
summary of the program's content.The letter stands for a day of the week,
as indicated below, and the four digits represent a time in UTC.
H: Thursday A: Saturday
S: Sunday
T: Tuesday
M: Monday
W: Wednesday F: Friday

2:

stati on name. Irregul ar bro adcasts are indicated 'tent" and program ming
w hich incl udes lang uages besi des English are co ded "vl" (vario us tan-

guages).
4: Choo se the most promising frequ encies for the time,
location and conditions.
Not all stations can be heard and none all the time on all frequencies. To help you find the most promising frequency, we've included information on the target area of each broadcast. Frequencies beamed toward
your area will generally be easier to hear than those beamed elsewhere,
even though the latter will often still be audible. Every freque ncy is followed by one of these target codes:
am: The Americas
na: North America
ca: Central America
sa: South America
au: Europe
af: Africa
me: Middle East

as:
au:
pa:
va:
do:
om:

Asia
Australia
Pacific
various
domestic broadcast
omnidirectional

3:

Find th e frequencies for the program or station you

want to hear.
Look at the page which corresponds to the time you will be listening.
Comprehensive frequency information for English broadcasts can be found
at the top half of the page, All frequencies are in kHz.
The frequency listing uses the same day codes as the program listings; if a broadcast is not daily, those day codes will appear before the

HOT NEWS . .
SI NGAPOR E. JuS!
rece ived at press time is a new
program lineup fo r Radio
Singapore International. New
features include Indonesia
Today. Currencies. Currency
Crisis for Beginne rs. Limeliglu. Eco-Destinations, /11
Trans it, and Lo ve Songs .
Broadcast times remain 11001400 UTC; frequency 60 15
kHz remains the same but
6 155 kHz is changed to 6 150
kH/..
NORT H CA RO LI NA.
Eric Rudolph, Atlanta bomb ing suspect and one of the
FBI's 10 most wanted
fugitives. was holed up in the
Nantahala National Forest
practically in M onitoring
Times ' backyard as of midAugust. Rudolph is thought to
be carryi ng a shortwave radio,
and speculation is that it might
be a BayGell wind-up radio.
WOR LD RADIO
N ET W O R K (WRN).
Baltimore's WJH U (88. 1 FM)

Consult the propagation charts. To further help you find the right
frequency, we've included charts at the back of this section which take
into account conditions affecting the audibility of shortwave broadcasts.
Simply pick out the region in which you live and find the chart for the
region in which the station you want to hear is located.The chart indicates
the optimum frequencies for a given time in UTC.

, COMPILED BY JIM FRIMMEL

became the fi rst public

broadcasting station in the
U.S. to carry WRN's overnight shortwave service. The
trial service commenced on
August I st and co uld be heard
from midnight to 5:00 am
Mon-Fri and midni ght to 6:00
am Sat-Sun. National Public
Radio (NPR) was expected to
offer the service to other
network stations in September.
Many stations were already
carrying BBC programs
during this same time period.
According to WRN. WJHU
has been receiving positive
response from their listen er s.

INT ERNET RA DIO. The

number of l i ve bro ad ca st s via

the internet climbed to 1549 in

August. (The breakdow n is

825 radio stations. 559
international broadcasters, 43
networks. and 122 internetonly broadcusters.) The
number of broadcasters with a
presence on the web has
skyrocketed to a total of 54tll .
American and Canadian
broadcasters accounted for
more than 79% o r these with
Texas having the most stations
rep resented (7 % ). The most
popu lar station format is
country (I K%).
PERSO NAL DIGITAL
ASSISTA NT (PDM US E RS.
The number of handheld
computers in use today has
increased dramatically. If you
are using your PalmPilot or
other PDA for radio-listening
purposes. we would like to
hear about it. Let us know
what you arc doing. the type
of PDA and [he software being
used, Send snail mail to Jim
Frimmel. c/o Monitoring
Times. or e-mail to
[ri mmeltiosturtext.net, We' II

follow-up with the results in a

future column.
SPO RT S ON SHOR:lc
' ''AVE. Shortv..'ave listeners
who are also baseball and
football fans have had many
opportunitics to hear play-byplay broadcasts since the USN
Communications Station in
Key West began relaying
Armed Forces Radio and
Television Service (AFRTS)
programming on 12689.5 kHz
in late Jul y. If you haven' ,
tuned in yet. you had better
hurry; transmissions are
expected to cease sometime
this month.

Odo ber 1998

MONITORING TIMES

39

SELECTED PROGRAMS. . . . . . . .

Sundays
0000

0004
0005
0010
0025
0030
0030
0033
0038

Australia. Radio: RANews.

Germany, DeutscheI elekom; The Overcomer Broadcast.
Czech Rep, Radi o Prague:Encore.
Australia,Radio: 01Sounds #2.
Spain. RExterior de Espana: Windowon Spain.
Netherlands, Radio (am): Insight
Australia, Radio: Correspondents' Report
Ecuador, HCJBQuito (am):Musical MailbaQ.
Spain, RExterior deEspana: Spanish Poparama.
Netherlands. Radio (am): Newsline.

0050

Italy, RAI: News.

0054

Netherland s, Radio (am): Weekend

oo

Mondays

0000
0000
0000
0003
0005
0005
0009
0011
0012
0015
0018
0036
0040
0049
0055

Czech Rep, RadiO Prag ue:News

Egypt, Radio Cairo: Egyptian Music.
YUQ oslavia. Radi o: News
North Korea, RPyongyang: News
CzechRep,Radio Prague: TheWeekin Politics.
Egypt, Radio Cairo: Islamic Civilization.
Serbia. RYugoslavia CulturalPanorama
Spain. R Exterior de Espana: Visitors Book
Czech Rep, Radio Plague: From theWe eklies.
Yugoslavia.Radio: Weekly Concert.
Czech Rep, Radio Plague: MeiliaCheck
Nettie rtands. RadiO (am): SincerelyYours
Spain. R Exterior de Espana: Radio Club.
Lithuania, Radio Vilnius:Folklore.
Netherlands, Radio (am): Sounds Interesl:ng

Tuesdays

0000
0000
0000
0003
0006
0009
0010
0012
0030
0030
0033
0038
0045

40

Australia, naco: RANews

Czech Rep, Radio Prague: News.
Spain, RErtenor deEspana: The News from Spain
Czech Rep, gadroPrague: Current Attans.
Czech Rep, RadioPrague: Press Review.
Czech Rep, Rallio Prague: Magazine'98.
Australia, RadiO: Asia Pacrnc
North Korea. R Pyongyang: Commentary
Ecuador,HCJBQuito(am): f ocus on the family.
Spain, RExteriordeEspana: PressReview.
Spain, RExierior lie Espana: Entertainment in Spain
Netherlands, Radio (am): Newsune.
Albania, Radio Tirana: News.

MONITORING TIMES

Ocfober /998

0045
0050

Spain, R Exterior de Espana: SpanishCourse by Radio.

Italy, RAI: News.

~~d~~a~a~la~io:
RANews.
Ecuador, HU BQuito (am) Insight for Living.

0000
oo

0000
0000
0015
0020
0030
0030
0030
0034
0039
0039
0040
0050

Spain, RExterior deEspana: The News 'rom Spain

USA, KTBN Salt Lk CityUT: Behinll the Scenes.
USA, WEWN Birmingham AL: MotherAngelica Live f amily
NIQht
Egypt. RadioCairo: News
North Korea, RPyongyang: Music
Ecuador, HCJB Quito (am): f ocus 011 the family
North Korea, RPyongyang: FeatureReport
Spain, RExteriorde Espana: SpanishMusic.
Spain, RExterior de Espana: Press Review.
Lithuania, Paco Vilnius: Press Review.
Spain, RExterior deEspana; Kaleidoscope.
Nelherlands, Radio(am):Newshne
Italy, RAI: News.

Thursdays
oo

0000
0000
oo

0003
0012
0015
0025
0030
0030
0030
0030
0030
0038
0050

Australia, RadIO: RANews

Ecuador, HCJSQuito (am): Insightlor living
Norlh Korea, R Pyongyang: Anthem
USA,WINSRed lion PA: The People's GospelHour.
North Korea, R Pyongyang: News.
North Korea, R Pyongyang: Commentary.
USA, KlBN Salt LkCityUT:Principles 01Biblical
Economics
Netherlands. Radio (am): Press Review.
Australia. Radio: Book Talk.
Ecuador, HCJB Quito (am): Focus on theFamily.
Lithuania. Ra dioVilnius: News.
Netherlands, Badic (am): l~e I'lS .
USA.WINBRed lion PA: Music.
Netherlands, Radio (am): Newsline.
Italy. RAI: News.

0005
0008
0012
0016
0025
0030
0030
0038
0050
0054

Czech Rep, RadioPrague: Current AHairs.

CZCl;h Rep, Radio Prague: Press Review.
CzechRep, Radio Prague: Economic Report
Czech Rep, Radio Prague: I'd LikeYou 10 Meet.
Netherlands. Radio (am): Press Review.
Ecuador, HCJB Quito (am): Focus on the family.
Lithuania. aeno Vilnius:/levIS.
Netherlanlls, Rallio (am): Nawsline.
Italy, RAI: NeVIS
Netherlands. Radio (am): Media Network

Saturdays
0000
0000
oo

0000
0003
0026
0030
0030
0032
0035
0038
0047
0050
0050
0057

Germany, DeutscheIelekcm: The Overcomer Broadcast.

North Korea,RPyongyang:Anthem.
Spain, R Extenor lie Espana: The Newsfrom Spain
Serbia, RVuljoslavia: News.
Norlh Korea, RPyongyang: News,
Spain, R Exterior de Espana:Press Revi ew
Ecuador, HCJBQuito (am): Focus on theFa m i~'
Lithuania, Radio Vilnius: News.
Spain, R Exterior de Espana: Arts Review.
Iran, Voice of: News.
Lithuania, Radio Vilnius: Local Scene
Iran, Voice of: Politicalccmmentary
lta ~. RAI: News
Spain, R Enenor de Espana: A Spanish Course by Radio
Iran, Voiceof:Listeners' Special.

PROI' ,\ GATlO:-i FORECASTING

J ACQUES

P ETERBOROUGH,

Fridays

0000
000('
oo

0000
0003

Australia, Radio: RA News.

Czech Rep, Radio Prague: News
Ecuador, HCJB Quito (am): Insight 'or Living
Germany, Deutschet eiekom The OvercomerBroadcast
North Korea, RPyongyanl/: News.

O' AVIGNON, VE3VI A

2 4 8 T OWERHIL L R OAD

ON K9H 7Nl

C ANADA

D ISTRIBUTOR

ASA PS

P ROFlAGA n ON S OFTWA RE

E - MA IL: MONI TOR @RAC . CA

FREQUENCIES.

. . . .

01(XH)200
0100-0200

Anguil!a.Caribbean Beacon
Australia. Radio

DIOD-02DOvl
0100-0200vi
0100-0200
0100-0200

Australia. VL8KKatherine
Australia, VL8T Tent Crk
Canada, esc N Quebec svc
Canada. CFAX Toronto
Canada. CFVP Calgary
Canada. CHNX Hallfu
Canada. CKZN $1John's
Canada. CKZU VaJlCOUVf:r
Canada. RCanada Inll

0100-0200
0100-0200
Ol(XHI200
01lXHJ200
0100-0129
0100-0000
0100-0105
0100-0200
0100-0127
0100-0200
01000150

Costa Rica.RF Peace Inll

ClOaha CroalianRadIO
Cuba, Radio Havana
czecn Rep, Radio Prague
Ecuador, HCJB
Germany, DeutscheWelle

01oo02DQ
0100-0115
0100-0130
010002GQ
0100-0125
0100-0200
0100-0110
0100-0200

Germany.Overcomer Minislr
anana. Ghana arcaoc Corp
Hungary, Radio Budapest
Indonesia.Voice 01
Iran. VDIRI
Ireland. urnChristian BC
Jtaly. RAl lnll
Japan, RJapanfNHKWorld

OHJo-0200
0100-0130
0100-0200
0100-0200vi
01000125

libena.LCN/R Liberia tnt

lithuania, Radio Vilnius
Malaysia. Radio
NamIbia NBC
Netherlands, Radio

01000200
0100-02COvl
0100-02GO
0100-0200

New Zealand, RNZ tnfl

Papua N~w Guinea, NBC
Philippines, FEBCtR Inll
Russia.Voice01RussiaWS

.
6090am
9660pa
17715pa
5025do
4910<10
9625do
607Odo

. .. . . . . . .
120803s

177503S

15240pa
17795pa

1541 53S

0100-0200

SingapOfe,RCorpSinoa~o re

21740pa

0100-0130
0100-0200
0100-0200
0100-0130
0100-0200

Slovakia, RSlovakia Inll

Spain, R Exterior Espana
Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Be
Swtzenand. SwissR Inti
UK. BBC AsianService

0100-0200

UK.BBCWorldService

0100-0200
0100-mOO
0100-0200

USA. KAUDallasIX
USA. KJES MesquiteNM
USA. KlBN salt LkCityUl
USA. KWHRNaalehu HI
USJ.. Voice01 America

603"'.

613Odo
616Odo
616Odo

5"""m

9535am

136703m
6975am

t!S05Q,m

"'''m
6000"
6200na
974503
61)40na
11810am
3975eu

3366<l.
9580na
95253s

","",

9755am

1171 5am

0100-<200
0100-0200

98_

13605na

7345na
12015na
6085na

21455am
6145na

9500as
491Sdo
11685na
11765as
9022eu

15510as
9685eu

9675na
11860as
17810as

11800na
1187DaI
17835sa

0100-0200 twnta

6150af
1559Das
21670pa
5100do
985Sam
7295do
3270a1
6020na
11655as
17675pa

328931
6165na
12090as

9845na

155703s
21610pa

9855as

9675do
154503s
7105na

71800a

12050na

. .. . . . . .
15520na
615Odo
59300a

15425na

0100-0200
010002001whla
01000200
0100-0200
01000200
0100-0200
0100-0200
01000200twhlas
0100-o20O irreg
0100-0200
010lJ-Q200
0100-0130
0100-0127
0125-0200
0129-01 59
0129-0159sm
01300200
01300150
0130-0200 mlvl
0130-0200
0140-0200

7300al
1190435

9885na

9905<>

5965as

61953S

94103$

11955 3S

15280as
5975am

1531(I<ls

15360as

6t75na

95""'m

I_sa

991 5sa
5810am
7555am
751Dam
175103s
711535
11725as
178203s

5995am

USA. Voice 01 Amenca

9775am
5825eu
5085am
5745am
11950am
7490na

USA, WEWN BirminghamAL

USA, WGTGMcCaySVilleGA
USA, WHRI Noblesville IN
USA. WINB Red LionPA
USA.WJCR uctcn KY
USA. WRMIIRMiami Inti
USA.WRNO NewOrleans LA
USA, WSHB CypressCrll: SC
USA. ';'{'NBS Macon GA
USA. WNCR Nashville TN
USA WYFR Ilkeechobee fl
UzbekiSlan. R tasnkenr
Vietnam, Voice 01
Netherlands, Radio
Canada, RCanada Inll
Canada, RCanada lnll
Albania, RTirana Inll
Greece, Voice of
Guatemala, TGNN R CUllura!
Sweden, Radio
Vatican State. VaticanR

944053

6055am
973035

5970sa

9640"

6200do

601"'"

. . . . . . . ..

9605as

7200as

96350,

11820as

152503s

11705as
177403s

6130am
13740am
13615na

7405am

9445am

7435am
15165as

13845am

9530..

97153s

7315am
1359503

9955<3
1355n>
1535.1m
11905na
3215am
6065na
7190as
594Dam
9655as

5"""m
9535am
6246na
7450na
3300do
9435as
59BOas

5070am
9505n;o

9375as
72SOam
11655as
9755am
11715am
7160na
9375na
1l98Sau
7335as

12090as
1367Qam
9420na

11645na

9650as

SELECTED PROGRAMS.

~~nd~rRAI: l etter lrom llaly.

0100
0100
0105
0105
0106
0106
0109
0114
0115
0115
0123
0130
0133
0152

Switzerland, Swiss Radio Inll: News.

Ecuador, HCJ8 Quito (amI: Latinand IntemaUonal News.
SNitzerland, Swiss Radio Inll: Newsnet
Australia, Radio: The Europeans.
Italy, RAI: lightMusic.
Germany, DeutscheWelle: Weekend Review.
Ecuador, HCJBQuito (am): HCJB OX Partyline.
Gumany, neutscne Wene: Spectrum.
Switzerland, Swiss Radio Inn: The NameGame (1).
Switzerland, Swiss Radio Inll: Capilallellers (214).
Spain. R Exterior de Espana: Distance Unknown.
Greece, VOice at News.
Spain. RExterior deEspana:SpanishPoparama.
Vatican Slate. Vatican Radio: News.

Mondays

OHIO
01110
OHIO
0100
0105
0106
0107
0111
0115
0130
0130
0136
0138
0150
0154

Germany. Deutsche Welle:News.

scae. RExterior de Espana: News.
Ecuador. HCJBQUito (am): Latinand ImemabonalNews.
USA, KAIJDallas IX: World University Networt .
Switzerland, Swiss Radio Inll: Newsnel
Germany, Deutsche Welle: Mailbag NorthAmenca.
canada, RCI Montreal: TheArts InCanada,
Spain, RExterior deEspana: VisitOis Book.
Germany, DeutscheWelle: Artson theAir.
Guatemala. TGNA: Music in the Post Meridian.
Netherlands, Radio: News.
Netherlands, Radio: WideAngle.
Spain. RExterior deEspana: Radio Club.
vatcanSlale. Vatican RadiO: The Backgroundet
~:tlerland$ , Radio: SirenSong.

Tuesdays

0100
OHIO
0105
0109
0110
0111
0111
011 1
0132

Spain, RExterior de Espana:TheNews fromSpain.

Canada. RCI Montreal: RCI News,
SWTtzerland. Swiss Radlolnll: Newsnel.
Czech Rep. Radio Prague: Magazine '98,
Australia. Radio: ScienceSIlow.
Canada. RCI Montreal: Spectrum,
Cuba. Radio HavanaCuba: StoriesMakingNews in Cuba.
Russia. VolCtl of: Commonwealth Update,
Russia, Voiceof: Folk Box,

0133
0133
0135
0138
0140
0146

Germany. Deutsche Welle: Manand Environment.

Spain. R Exteriorde Espana: Entertainment in Spain,
Cuba. Radio HavanaCuba: Timeout
Netherlands, Radio: Newshne.
Cuba. Radio Havana Cuba: Spotlight on meAmericas.
Albania. Radio Tirana: Feature Program.

~:d~.~~~'M",ic.
Croatia, CroatianRadio: News.

0100
0100
0100
0100
0105
0106
0110
0110
0130
0130
0130
0135
0138
0140

Czech Rep. Radio Prague: News.

Germany, peutscneWelle: News.
USA. KAIJ Dallas TX: WorldUn~tSitl Network.
Switzerland. Sv..iss Radio Ind: Newsnel.
Germany. Deutsche Welle: Newslin k,
Czech Rep. Radio Pra1lue: TafkingPoint
Etuador, HCJB Qurto(am): Studio 9.
Garmany, Deulsche Welle: Insiohl
Ecuador, HCJB Quito (am): 8 MundoFuluro.
Netherlands.Radio: News.
Cuba, Radio Havana Cuba: Timeout,
Nelherlands. Radio: Newshne.
Cuba. Radio Havana Cuba: DXers Unlimited.

Thursdays

0100
0100
0100
0100
0100
0105
0106
0110
0115
0117
0130
0130
0138
0145
0152

Switzerland. SwissRadio Inll: News.

Australia, Radio: RANews.
costa Rica, Rlor PeaCtl lnU: RFPl's M~ i1 bag .
Ecuador, HCJBQuito (am): News.
Japan. Radio: News.
Switzerland. SwiSS Radio Inll: Newsnet.
Germany. D!ulsche WeUe: NewsLink.
Ecuador, HCJB Ourto (am): Studio 9.
Japan, Radio: 44Minules.
Japan. Radio: Guesl Corner.
Germany, Deulsche Welle: livingin Germany.
Ecuador, HCJB Quito (ami: HamRadio Today.
Netherlands. Aacio: NewsJine.
VaticanStale, Valican Radio: Mailbox,
Vatican State, Vatican Radio: News,

Fridays

0100 Australia, Radio: RANews.

0130 USA, Voice 01America: News(Special English).

0100
0100
0106
0110
0115
0130
0130
0130
0130
0140

Ecuador. HCJ8 Quito (am): News.

USA. WINBRed Lion PA: WakeUpand Uve.
Germany, Deutsche Welle: Newslink.
Ecuador. HCJBQuilo (am): Studio 9.
USA. WlNB Red lion PA: Musk:.
Germany, Deutsche Welle: Spotlight on Sport.
Ecuador, HCJB Quilo (am): Woman 10Woman,
Greece, Voice01: News,
Albania, Radio Tirana: News,
vatcan State. Vatican Radio: UnitedNations Radio.

~~U~~~R
Okeectlobee Fl: Patternsin Music,
Spain. R EtIerior deEspana: TheNewsfromSpain.

0100
0100
01ClO
0100
0102
0105
0105
0106
0110
0130
0130
0130
0136
0150

Auslrafl3., Radio: RA News.

EcuaOOr. HCJB GuilD (am): News.
USA.. KAUDallas TX: WorldUniversity Network.
Italy, RAI: Ughl MUSiC.
SwitZerland, Swiss Radio InU: Newsnel.
Australia. Radio: Oz Sounds11.
Germany. Deutsche Welle: Newslink.
Ecuador. HCJBQuilo (am): Studio9.
Germany, DeutscheWelle: GermanbyRadio.
Austl1l.lia, Radio: ArtsAustralia.
Ecuador, HCJB Quito (am): Musicadel Ecuador.
USA, Voiceor America: CommunicationsWorld (fl).
Spain. R EtIerior de Espana: A SpanishCoursebyRadio.

RadioMap 'M
T,_ ....I><'f"

t.. _~ _~_"""'-r......u.r

",...." 1.1" II:! , II MI .

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October 1998

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~' ~ ll ,~, ~~\

MONITORING TIMES

41

FREQUENCIES .
0200-OJOO
0200-0300 twnta
0200-0300

AngUilla.carlbbean Beaton
Argenlma RAE
Australia, RadIo

'''''''m
11710am
9660,_

nssoas

15415as

15510pa

. . .

. ...
1208O<1s
I1715pa

15240pa
177SOas

02000300

Singapore.RCOIp Singapore

0200-0300
02000:nO
02lXHl3ao

SouthKorea, RKorea tnll

SnLanka, Sri l ankaBe
Taiwan. Radio Taipei Inll

2112Spa
0200-0300 vi
02{)(H)JOO vi
020G-0300 rnwtas
02()().{)300

AuWaha, VL8K Katherine

AUSlIal.a. VL8T Tenl erk
Belarus, R Belarus Inll

5025do

0200-0300 vi

.l91Odo
721Qeu

0200-0300
0200-0300

Bulgaria.RadIO

948503

0200-0300
0200-0300
0200-0300
O2OO-<l3OO

Canada. CBe NQuebec Svc

9625do
607Odo
603Odo
613Odo
6160<10
6160<10
9535am

Canada. CfRX Toranlo

Canada. CFVP Calgary

0200-0300
02oo-<l300
Q2()().{)229
0200.(1300 twhta
0200-<l3OO
0200-0205
0200-0300
0200-0300
0200-0300
0200-023::1
0200025::1

Canada , CHNXHalilax
cenaaa.CKZN St John's
Canada. CKZU Vancouver
cenaca. RCanada Inll
ColOmbia. Adll Nacional
cesu Rica.RFPeace Inll
Croatia.CroallanRadIO
Cuba. RajlO Havana
Ecuador. HCJB
Egypt RadiOCairo
Finland. VlE/R Finland
Germany, Deutsche Welle

0200-0300
0200-0300
0200-0Joo aslvl
02oo-0Joo
0200-0215I hlaNI
02000300
02000250
02000300 vi
0200-0225
02000300
02000230 m
02000300 vt
02000300

Germany.Overcomer Ministr
Ireland, Unt ChriSMnBC
llaly.IRRS
Kenya. KenyaBroadc Corp
Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyz Radro
Malaysia. Radio
Myanmar. RadiO
Namibia, NBC
Netherlands, Radio
NewZealand. R NZ Inll
Norway, Radio Norway Inll
Papua NewGuinea, NBC
Romanu. R Rcmarna Inll

02000300

aussu.vcce01 RussiaWS

1167Deu
11720na

9755am

ranzana. Radio
UK. SBC AIOc.1n Service
UK, SBC Asian Service

11 715.1m

13670am

15050am
9820na
1201 5na
11900am
9615as
12045<1s

,,00.,

13605na
21455am

,."",

119-l5as

4935do

3289af
11655as

12090as

11990na
9570na
15380as
7180na

615Odo

1275am

11725am

11810am

15575am

9730as

15425as
71JOas

9680",

11740am

595003
11825pa
5ll5Odo
6135al

1534535

960'"

11955as

15280as

15310as

5975am

6175113

6195eu

15360as

0200-0300

UK. BBCWand Service

S970sa
9-'lOeu

0200-0300
02000230
0200-0000
0200-OC{l()
0200-0300

USA, K.\U Dallas TX

USA. KJES MesqUite NM
USA. KTBNSaltlk CityUT
USA. K'NHR Naalehu HI
USA. voce 01America

5810am
7555am
7510am
17510as
7115as
11820as

0200-<l3OO
0200-0300 rwnta
02000300
0200-<l3OO
0200-0300
02()().{)300
020lH)300
02000300s
0200-0300h
02000300 Irreg
02QO.0300
02000300
021 5-0225
0225-0300
0229-0259sm
0230-0300
0230-0257
0230-0300
0230-0245
0230-0300vi
02300300
0230-0300
02300300
0250-D300st
0250-0300

USA. WEWN Birmingham Al

USA. WGTGMcCaysville GA
USA. WHRI Noblesville IN
USA. WINBRed lion PA
USA. WJCRUpton KY
USA. WRMliR MIami Inlt
USA. WRNONewOrleansLA
USA. WSHBCypressCrk SC
USA. WSHB Cypress Ctk SC
USA. WWBS Macon GA
USA. WWCR Nashville TN
USA. WYFR Okeechobee Fl
Nepal. Radio
Netherlands, Radio
Canada. R Canada Inll
Austria. RAuslria Inll
Czech Rep. Radio Prague
Hungary, Radio Budapest
Pakistan.Radio
Philippines. R Prhainas
Sweden, Radio
UK, BBC World Service
Vietnam, Voice01
Greece. Voice 01
Vatican Stale, Vatican R

582"'"
5085am

~955va

6975am
9925na
6<JOlJm
9745na
9475na
9780eu
7285as
11965as
3975eu
620Odo
712(}va
4885do
4050do
7295do
7185do
3270011
9855as
17675pa
11 600as
9675do
6155na
11940as
7105n3
15520na

9690as

11740as

12050na

15425na

5745am
11950am
7490001

99''''

7355na
585003
7535am
11905na
3215am
6065fla
5005do
9855as
9535am
9655na
94BOme
9840na
7485as
I 1885as
7135am
9895am
5940am
7450na
7305ca

"""m

7200as
152503s

9915sa

117053s
17740as

11725as
178203s

5070am
9505na
7165do
1I655as
9755am
9870sa
11600as
11910na
13510as
15120as
9495am

59J5am

743Sam

117150101
13730$01

1367Dam

9375na
9605am

9420na

7315am
1359503

15485015
15270as

11645na

SELECTED PROGRAMS.
Sundays

Germany, Deutsche teieeem TheOveltOmer arcaecast,

USA, Kl BN Salt l k City UT: Carman
USA, WYlCR , 1NashvilleTN: Open Bible DialOOue.
Australia. Racbo: FineMusic Auslralia.
AUSlralia, Radio: The ReligionReport
Greece, VOiCe 01: News
0250 Vatican State, Vatican Radio: With Heart and Mmd.
0258 Vatican State, Vatican RadiO: On-ttle-Air.

0200
0200
0200
0210
0230
0250

Mondays

0200
0200
0205
0206
0206
021 1
0215
0215
0215
0230
0230
0230
0230
0232
0236
0244
0250

Germany, Deutsche Wene: News.

Australia. Radio: RANews.
canada, N Quebec S-.c: Sunday ShOwCaSe.
Germany. Deutsche Welle: W~ke nd RIVIeW TW\:).
USA. WHRINoblesYlDe IN(Angel 2): Radio FreeAmerica
(live).
RIlSS13. Voice of: P.\oscow Mailbag.
Germany. Deutsche Welle: MarkS and P.1.'l rXelS.
Egypt RadIO cairo: News
Taiwan. Radio Taipei Inll: Jade Sells and Bamboo Pipes.
Bulgaria, Radio: HisloryClub.
Egypt RadioCairo: Music.
USA. KWHR Naalehu HI: The VOice01Power.
Sweden, RadiO: Sounds NordIC (214).
Russia. Voice01: Timelines.
Nelherlal'lds. Radio: SincerelyYours.
Bulgaria, gene: Answering Your Letters.
Vatican State. Vatican Radio: And SoTheycame 10 Rome.

Tuesdays
0200 Canada. RCI Montreal.CBC RadiONews
0200 Bulgana, Radio: News.
0200 USA, WEWN BirminghamAl: Catholic World Today.
0206 Germany. DeutscheWelle: Newslink.
0211 Canada, RCI Monlreal: Spectrum
0211 Russia, Voice01: Moscow Mailbag
0215 Taiwan. Radio Taipei Inll: People.
0230 Germany, DeutscheWelle: Manami Environment
0230 Taiwan, Radio Taipel lnU: Trends.

42

MONITORING TIMES

October 1998

0230 USA,WEWNBirmingham AL: IMRA Repor1 on

MISsionarieS
0235 Cuba, Radio HavanaCuba: Feature Report.
0245 Taiwan. Radio Taipei InU: l ets l earnChinese.
0247 seeeen. Radio: SportScan.
0255 Valican Slate, Vatican Ralho: AsRomans Tum.

~d~~~~ontreal: cec

Radio News
0200 Australia, Rallto: RA News.
0200 Cuba,Raij iQ Havana Cuba: InlernationalNews_
0200 USA, KAU Dallas TX: World UniverstIY Network.
0206 Germany. Deutscne Welle: NewsUl1k.
0211 Canada.. RCIMontreal: Spectrum.
0214 Cuba, Radio HavanaCuba: Stories Making rlews in Cuba.
0215 Bulgaria. Radio: Events and Deveh)pmenl.
0220 Cuba. Radio Havana Cuba: Spotlight ontheAmericas.
0223 Cuba. Radio HavanaCuba: Feature Report
0230 Germany. OelllscheWeUe: Insight
0230 Ecuador, HCJB Quito(am): Unshadded.
0235 Cuba. RadiOHavanaCuba: Be My Guest.
0242 Cuba, Radio HavanaCuba: Featuregepert.
0250 Vatican State. VatiCan RadiO: The Rome Report

Thursdays

0200
0200
0200
0200
0200
0206
0211
0222
0230
0230
0235
0239
0245
0250
0254

Canada. RCI Montreat: CBC Radio News.

Argentina. RAE: News.
Australia. RadIO: RANews.
Ecuador, HCJB Quito (am): RockSolidI
ValicanSlale. Valican Radio: WOIIld You Believe II?
Germany, DeutscheWelle: Newslink.
Canada, RCIMontreal: Spectrum.
Argen~na . RAE: MusiC,
Germany, DeutscheWelle: livmg in uermens.
Hungary, Radio Budapest: News.
tewan Radio TaipeiInll: HOi Spots
Argentina. RAE: nxe rs Spe<:ial.
Hungary, RadiO Budapest: Radio BudapestOXBlockbuster.
Vatican Slale, Vatican Radio: The Popeand the People.
Valican Stale, Vatican Radio: PilgrimCity.

Fridays

0200

tarwa. RCI Montteal: CBC Radio News.

0200 Finland. Radio: N8WSIWeatl'ler.

0200

Germany. Deutsche wee. News.

0200 Auslralia, RadiO: RANews.

0200
0206
0210
0211
0215
0215

0224
0230
0230
0230
0250

Taiwan, Radio TaipeiInU: News.

Germany, DeutsclMl Welle: Newslink.
Finla.'ld, Radio: Reports and Features on ute in Finlancl
Canada. RCI Montreal: Spectrum.
Butoaria, RadiO: Evenls and uee eement,
Taiwan, Radio Taipei InU: Taipei Magazine.
Finland. Radio: Finnish Press Review,
BUI~ , Raditl: Business arid Financt.
Ecuador. HCJB Quito (am). InspiratJonal Classics.
Ta ~. RadiOTaipeiInU: liIe onthe Outside.
Vatican State, vatcanRad,o: Then aRd Now.

Saturdays
0200
0200
0200
0200
0200
0200
0205
0205
0211
0215
0215
0217
0223
0230
0230
0236
0238
0250

Ctoaha. Croatian Radio: News.

Finland, Radio: N/!W$IWealher.
Argentina. RAE: News.
Austtalia, Radio: RANews
Ecuador. HCJB Quito (am): Inside HCJB.
Taiwan. Radio Taipeil nU: News.
Finland, RadiO: Feature Stories Irom last Week.
Australia, RadiO: Ocktlam's Razor.
Canada. RCI Montreal: Spectrum.
Finland. Radio: SlartlMJ f lllflish.
Bulgaria, Radio: Events andDevelopment
Soulh Korea, Radio Korea lnll: Sites andSounds.
Finland, Radio: Finnish Press Review.
Bulgaria. Radio: TheWayWe l ive.
Taiwan, Radio Taipei InO: senecncns.
Soulh Korea, Radio KoreaInti: GlobaliZing Korea.
Netherlands, Radio: Newsline.
Vatican Slate, vateanRadio: Echoes01anEra

fREQUENCIES.
DJOlHl4oo
D3OlHl4oo
0300-0400vi
OJOO-!J.400vl

AnQUIliaCanbbean Beacon
Australia. RadIO

0300 ~~OO

0300.()400vl
03000400
0300-0400

canaea. CBe NQuebec Svc

Canada. CFRXTOlOnlo
Canada. CFVP Calgary

03000400

Canada. CHNX Halifax

03000400

Canada. CKlN SIJohn's

6160do

0300-0400
03000400
03000400
03000305
03000400
03000327
0300-0400
03000330
03oo(!350

Canada. CKZU Vancouver

Cluna. China RadiOInti
CostaRlca.RF Peace mu
create. CroatianRadiO
Cuba. Ra dio Havana
Czech Rep, Radio Prague
Ecuador. HCJB
Egypt RadiOCairo
Germany. DeutscheWelle

6160do
9690na
6975am
9925na
6000na
7345na
9745am
9475am

0300,0330
0300,0400
03000400
03oo-o~oo

0300-O-:oovt
0300-0030
03000400

S Atnca. Channel Atnca

SingaPQre.RCorp Singapore
Snl anka, Sri l anka BC
Taiwan RadiOTaipei Inti

Ianzana . RadIO

Thailand, aaoc
Turkey. Voice 01

12080as
17715pa

15240p.1

15415,as

1775Oa5

21725pa

.
WO(HJ315 mtwhl

6<J9(Mm
9660pa
1551(}p;J
5025(10
491Odo

Auslralia, VL8K xatnenne

Auslralia. Vl8T tent Crk
eusnana.uetenseroees R

Germ.1ny,Overcomer Millistf
OJOO-<4llll
03OO{: 4oo
Guatemala.TGNA'R Cullura'
0300-0400meq
Iraq, RadiO Iraq Inli
0300-<>100
Ireland.Unl ChristianBe
03000400 .IsM
Ita~;, HRS
Japan, RJapaniNHKWorld
D3OlHl4oo
0300-0400
Kenya Kenya Broadc Corp
0300-0400 vt
Lesome. RadiO tesoirc
roOO-Moo
Malaysia. Radio
0300-0330 mtwhfa Me~lCo . RadIO Me~ lCo Inti
0300-0325
Moldola, R Moldova Inti
Namibia, NBC
ro OO04oovt
0300-0325
Netherlands, RadiO
0300-0400
rl ew Zealand, R Nllnll
0300-0400 vi
PapuaNew Guinea, NBC
03000330vi
Philippines. R Prlpmas
03000400
aussa.voice 01RussiaWS

.. . ..

1479035

. .

03fAH)400

Uganda. RadiO
UK, BBC Alncansev ce

0300-0400

UK. aBC Asian Service

0300-0330

UK. BBC World servce

6085'"

9640",
3975eu
3300do
11785eu
6200do
7120va
17685pa
4885do
4800do
7295do
5985na
7520na
3270al
9855as
17675pa
9675do
11885as
7125na
12050na
15455na
5955a!
6150do
9730as
5950na
153453s
505Odo
9655am
7270as

';976do
3255al
11730al
9605"
21660as
5970sa

9410eu
12095me

9625do
6070do
603Odo
613Odo

03000400

15050am
9820rla
9435na
12015na

21455am

6145na

6185na

9535na

15425as
96fOna

l1905am

9655"

USA.KAIJ DallasTX
USA. KTBN Salt l k City UT
USA, KVOH l os Angeles CA
USA, KWHR Naalehu HI
USA, Voiceof Amenca

0300-0330smtwn
03OO-Moo
0300-0400IWhla
0300-0400

USA. Voice 01America

US.\.. WEWN Birmlnotlam Al
USA WGTG McCaysvilleGA
USA. WHRA Greenbush ME
USA. WHAI Noblesville I ~
USA. WINB Red l ionPA
USA, WJCR UplonKY
USA. WMl K BethelPA
USA. WRMlIR Miami Inti
USA. WSHB Cypress CrkSC
US", \V'WBS Macon GA
US", WWCR Nashville TIl
USA. WYFR ceeecnobee Fl
Vali::an Slate. Vatican R
Zambia.Nail BC Corp
Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe BC
Vaticanstate. vatcan R
Czech Rep. RadiOPrague
Philippines, R Pilipinas
Sweden, Radi o
UAE. Radio Dubai
UK, BBC AlricanService
UK, BBCAsian Service
UK, BBC World Service

03000400
03000400

17855as

9705na
9665na
3289al
11655as
151203S
7180na
13640na
15595na

030DDlOO
03000400
0300-0400
0300-0400
0300-0400
13605na

'500>,
17325ca
4935do

Ukraine. R Ukraine Inti

15270as
9825na
13790na

11745as

15395na
17705as

12000na
15425na

11825as

0300-0400
0300-0400
O3QCHl.lOO m
03Q0-0400 twntas
0300-0400 Irreg
0300-0400
0300-0400
0300-0310
03oo-Q4oo
OJoo-Q400 vi
03100340
0330-0357
0330-0400 vt
03300400
03300355
03300400
03300400
03300400
03300400s
0330(}.l00
03400350
03450400
034s.Q400
03450400as
03560400

UK. BBC World Service

Vietnam. Voice 01

a reece. Voice 01
Burundi, Radio Natlonale
Tajik,slan. R Dushanbe
Uganda. RadiO
Zambia, Chllstian VOice

. . .

. .

60Zoeu
1204003
SalOam
7510am
9975am
17510as
6080al
7290al
11695.11
4960.11
5825eu
5085am

"""'"

6190al

""""'I

153l(b s

153GOas

17790as

59iSam
9895am

6175na

99ISS<!

6195eu
11760me

6080eu

7410eu

9550n3

7105af
9575af

7275a1
9885a!

5935am

7435am

13590na

6115al
734Qaf

94llllm,
5745am
11950am

,,-

7315am
13595na

9465am

995sea
5850"

11905na
3215am

6065",

5070am
9505na

7305ca
6165do
3306d0
7360.11
948!Na
13770as
9475am
12oo5na
9610al
11955as
5975am
12095me
618Qeu
5905am
7450na
6t 4Odo
7245as
4976do

.....m

333031

6ll65al

626510
482&10

966031
11600as
15330as
11665arn
13675na

17730as
15400na

15280as
6175na

15310as
9895arn

6195eu
7260am
9375na

941Qeu

942"'"

S905as

11620as

11760me

11645na

SELECTED PROGRAMS

!~nd~X~. Voice of:News.

0300
0300
0305
0306
0311
0314
0314
0319
0323
0330
0333
0338
OJ43

Australra, Radio: RANews

Gualemala,TGNA: Bm to the Bible
Australia. Radio: Feedback.
Germany, DeutscheWelle: WeekendReview.
Turkey, Voice 01: Review 01lhe Day's Turkish Press
Germany, DeutscheWelle: Spectrum.
Turkey, Voice 01: Outlook.
Turkey, Voice 01: Musicallntertude
Turkey, Voice 01: VOT OX Corner (biweekly).
Australia, Radio: Correspondents' Report.
Vatican State. Vatican Radio: Newsof the Cnurch.
Turkey, Voice01: Turkish Songs.
Vatican State, vancan Radio: AfricanNews Panorama

Mondays

0300
0300
0300
0304
0305
0306

Germany. DeutscheWelle: News.

Turkey. VOiCe 01:News
Australia. Radio: RANews.
Tuf1tI!y, VOIce of: ReVIewcute Day's Turtlsh Press.
Croalia, Croatian Radio: News.
Germany. DeutscheWelle: Rell9ionand Society
Q308
Turkey. Voice 01:TurkISh Customs andTraditions.
OJ10 Australia.Radio: TheWorldToday (Part2).
OJ15 Germany. Deutsche Welle: Artson the AilOJ18 l .trkey, Voice 01: Turkis.'l Songs
0320 vabcan Stale, Vabcan RadiO: News Irom theAlrican Church.
0330 vatican State, Vatican R.1dio: Alncan News Panorama
0331 Turkey, VOICe of: AstheWorldTurns
0340 Greece. Voice01: News.

Tuesdays

0300 Tuf1l.ey, Voice of: News.

0300 NewZealand, Radio NZInll: RNZNews.
0300 Taiwan, Radio Taipei InU: News
0305 vatican State, vatican Radio: Pesicarcs fromRome.
OJ05 crceue. Croatian Radio: News.
0306 Germany. Deutsche Welle: Newsllnk.

0307
0309
OJ11
0315
OJ15
0320
0322
0329
0330
0338
0342

CZech Rep, Radio Prague: Press R!View.

Czech Rep, Radio Prague: Magazine"98.
TUrkey, Voice 01: Review 01Ihe Oays Turkish Press.
Turkey, Voice01: Last Week.
Taiwan, Radio TaipeiInti:JadeBells and Bamboo Pipes.
vatcan Stale,Vatican Radio: tlews
Turkey, Voice of: Turkish Songs.
Turkey, Voiceof: Science in Turkey,
Germany, DeutscheWelle: Man and Environment.
Turkey, Voice 01: Turkish Portraits
Sweden, Radio: saor tscan

~:d~~~aKWHR
~~la~iuaso: renuHI:
RANews.
UPI Nem

0300
0300
0306
0306
0309
OJ10
0314
OJ15
0324
0330
0334
0336
0340
0342

USA.
USA, Voice01America: Daybreak Alrica.
Vatican State, Vatican Radio: WhatCan 1001
Germany. DeutscheWelle: NewsUrtk
Tuf1tey. VOice01: Review 01the Day's Turkish Press.
Australil. Radio: TheWortdToday (Part 2).
Turkey, vcc e of: ProminentTurks in History.
USA. KVOHl osAngeles CA: Stfe~ th for theOay.
TUrkey, VOice of:That Magnificienl Sultan Sulieyman.
Germany. eectscne Welle: Insight.
Turkey. Voice 01:In theWake of anEssayWrrlJng Contest.
USA. VoiCe of Amenca: Oatelille.
sreece. Voice of: News.
Turkey, Voice of: TurtUsh 5o"Os.

Thursdays

0300
0300
0300
OJ05
0305
0306
0307
031 0
OJ l0

Turkey, Voice 01: News

Australia, Rad:o: RANews.
Taiwan, BadmTaipei InU: News.
Vatican Stale, Vatican Radio: Postcards from Rome.
Croatia, Croatian Radio: News.
Germany, neu iscneWelle: Newsllnk
Czech Rep, Radio Prague: Press Review,
Czech Rep, Radio Prague: FromtheArchives.
Turkey, Voice 01: A Review 01the Foreign Media

0310 Aust.talia. Radio: TheWorldToday IPart2).

0315 Taiwan. Radio Taipei Inll: Taiway Today
OJ17 ceenRep, " dio Prague: TheArts
OJ19 TUBey, Voice01: l etter Bo~.
0330 Germany. Deutscne Welle: l Mng in Germany
0330 Tail'o-an, Radio TaipeiInU: MissMook's Big Countdown.
0338 Turkey, Voice of: Turkish DecoranveArts.
OJ40 Czech Rep, RadioPrague: From theArcllives.

Fridays

0300
0300
0305
0305
0306
0308
0310
OJ14
0315
0322
0330
0332
0337

AUslralia, Radio: RANews

Taiwan, Ra dioTaipei Inti: News.
Vatican Stale, Valican Radio: Think 01It Ihis Way.
Croatia. crcauan Radio: News.
Germany, Deutsche Welle: Nemlink.
Turkey. Voice01:Review 01 the Days Turkish Press.
Ausl1alia. Radio: The WorldToday (Part 2).
Turkey. Voice 01: I AmAntolia.
Taiwan. Radio Taipei Inti: Jade BellS andBambooPipes
Tuf1tey. VOice of: Impressions of Turkey.
Germany, Deutsche Welle: $potll9ht onSport,
Tuf1tey. Voice ot Elements of Anatolian Culture.
Turkey. VOICe at Turkish5o~s_

saturdayS
0300 South Afnca. CIlannelAfrica: Network Alrica
0300 Tuf1tey. Voice of: News
0305 Vatican Slate. Vatican RadiCl: Ask theAbbot.
0305 AUSlralia. Radio: Book Reading
OJ06 Germany, DeutscheWelle: Newslink.
0307 Turkey. VOice of: Review 01 theOat s TurtlshPress
0311 Turkey, voce 01: Turkish Album
0315 Taiwan, RadioTaipei Inti: Taipei MaoazjrlC.
0328 Turkey, Voiceof: Sacred Siles 01Turkey.
0335 Taiwan, Radio Taipei lntl: Lite on it e Outside.
0336 USA, Voice01America: CommunicationsWorld (B).
OJ38 Turkey. Voice01: Cross Sections 01Turkey's necent History
(biweekly).

Oclober / 998

MONITORING TIMES

43

FREQUENCIES.
0400-_
{)4oo05OO
0400-0500 vi
0400-0500 \1
0400-0500
0400-0500
0400-0500
04000500
Q.lOO-0500

0400-0500
0400-0500
04000429
04000500
04000500
04000405
0400-0500
04000500
0400-0450
04000500
0400-0500 vi

..

AngUllla,Caribbean BeaH1
Australia. Radio
Australia. Vl8K Kalherlne

Auslralia. Vl8TTent e,k

15240pa

15415as

11750as

21i25pa

0400-041 5
0400<)500

. . .

.
4976<10
3255af

0400-0500

UK, BBC AsianService

9605"

Moo-anO

UK. BBC World Service

11955as
21660as
5975am
9410eu

15575as

1764Qeu

7170a'
9575a'

7265al
9885al

7275a!
11 965me

593503
9985va

74J5.am

499Odo

602"'0

""""

607Odo

12095eu

Canada. CfVP Calgary

60301:10
613Odo
6160do

Canada, CHNX Halifax

Canada, CKZN51Jonn's
Canada. CKZU Vancouver
Canada. R Canada Inn
China, China Rarnc Inll
Costa RlcaRF Peace inn
Croatia, Croatian Radio
Cuba. Radio Havana
tcuaco. HCJB
Germany. Deutscre Welle

S Atrica. Channel Afflca

Singapore,RCorp Singapore
Sri lan ka. Sri lanka Be
Switzerland. Swiss R Inll
Tanzania. RadiO

6160do
9715me
9560na
6975am
5945eu

6000"
9745na

""0"

11765at
3975eu
33OOd0
6200do
9435eu
7120va
4885do
5993do
7295do
716Odo
5985na
752003
17675pa
9445na
9675<10
9570na
7180na
13645na
15595na
5955al
615Odo
9730as
584Qeu
505Od0

11835me
973Qam
1505Dam

11975me

9820na
120152m
6015al

1:l605na
21455am
7225a1

04000500

USA, KAIJ Dallas TX

S8l0am

04000500
04000500

USA. KlSNsalllk City UT

7510am

USA. KVOH Los Angeles CA

USA, KWftR NaalehuHI
USA. Voice 01America

9975am

04000500
04000500

04000500
04000500lwhta
0400-0500
9565al

0400-05JO
0400-0500
0400-0500
04000500vi
04250440 vl
04250500
04300500
04300500a
04300500 vi
04300500
04300500
04300500
04300500
0430-0500

USA, WEWNBirmingham Al
USA, WGTG McCaysvilleGA
USA, WHRA Greenbush ME
USA, WHRI Noblesville III
USA, WINBRed t en PA
USA, WJCRUplon KY
USA. W\llK BethelPA
USA, WRMlfR MLJmi Inti
USA. WSHBCypressClk SC
USA, W';'ICR Nashville TN
USA. WYFR Oeecnotee Fl
Zambia. ChristianVoiCe
Zambia. NaIl Be COIP
Zimbabr..e, Zimbabwe BC
Italy. RAflntl
Wgeria. FRCNlFladlo
Austria, R Austria IntI
KYfgyzslan. KyrlJYZRadio
lesotho, Radio lesotho
Netherlands. Radio
Serbia, Radio Yugo slavia
Swaziland. Tran s World R
Switzerland. Swiss R Inll
UK. BBCWorld Service

0430-0500 as

UK.BBCWOIld Service

04550500
04590500

Nlgelia VOICe o!
NewZealand. R NZInll

04oo-ll5OO
0400-0500

O4oo-ll5OO
0400<l500

11910as

ll605eu

0400-0500mtwhla
0400-0500w

17535na

040ll-_
4935do

9705na

119400a
9825na
13790na

15425as
6165eu

15325as
12000na
15425na

!1885am

17720as
12050na
15495na

.. .

Uganda, RadIO
UK. BBCAllican Service

9625do

cae

04000430
04000500
04000430
04000430
04000500vi

040ll-_

15510pa
5025do
491Odo
147903s

12080as
1771 5113

..

Canada.CFRX Toronto

0400-0410Wm-j
0400-0500
0400-0500vi
0400-0430 mwhl
04000425
04000458
04000430 m
04000500vi
04000500
04000500

G400-6415
0400-0500 aslv1

"""'
m
9660",

1779035
3955eu
6195eu

Auslralia,DelenseForces R
Canada,
N QuebecSvc

Germany.OvercomerMlOistl
Gualemala.TGtIA.'RCullulaf
Ireland. Unt ChrislLJn BC
Israel. Kol israel
Italy.IRRS
Kenya. Kerr,a Bl03llc Corp
Malawi.MBC
Malaysia. Radio
Malaysia. RTM KUChif'll;l
Mexico. Radio MexiCo Inll
Moldova, R MoldovaInll
New Zealand, R NZ Inll
Norway, Ra dio Norway InTI
Papua NewGUinea, NBC
Romania. R Romania Inll
aussn.voce 01 RussiaWS

04Oll-05oo

. ... .

9905am

17780as
6080al
7290al
15205va
5825eu
5085am

6005.>1
154Zllal

6190al

i'16Oal

15280as

1531035

617503

6180eu

9895am

11760me

~OOme

5745am
11950am
7490na
9465am
99' 5<.>

98-1""

7315am
13595na

321Qam

5070am

6065",

9505",

333""

6065;>'

6165do
3306do
5975al
3326110
6155eu
4010do
48oodo
6165na
9580na
3200a!
9885na
5975am
17640me
3955eu
12095eu
7255al
11905pa

6265do
482&10
7271la1
477::k1o
1373Deu

9590na
11 870na
,1775al
9905na
6175am

1I 760me

15575as

618Qeu

6195eu

9410eu

15120al

SELECTED PROGRAMS.
Sundays
0400
0400
0400
0405
0405
0406
0409
0414
0415
041 5
0438
0454

AustlCllia, Radio: RA News.

Ecuador, HCJBQuito (am): la tin andInternationalNews.
Switzetland. Swiss Radio Ind: flews
AUS1lalia. Radio: Pac tc focus 14.
SWitzerland. Swiss RadioInti: Newsnel.
Germany,Deutsche Welle: Weekend Review
Ecuador, HCJB Quito (am): HCJBOX Partytine,
Germany. DeutscheWelle: Inside Europe.
Switzerland,Swiss Radio Inti: Capitall etters (214).
Switzerland, Swiss Radio IntI: SoundsGood(315).
Netherlands. Radi o (am): Newsline
Netherlands, Radio (am): Weekend

Mondays
0400
0400
0405
0430
0430
0436
0436
0439
0445
06

Australia. Radio: RA News.

Ecuador. HCJBQUito (am): la tin andlntemational flews
Switzerland. SwissRadio tntl: Newsnet
Switlel1and. SwissRadio Inti: Rendezvous with
Switlflland.
SWaZIland. TICln5World Radio: BibleCollege.
Selbia. RYugoslaVla: Commentary.
r.lethertands. Radio(am): Sinarely Yours.
Serbia. RYugoslavia: Cultural Panorama.
Serbia. RYugoslavia: Weekly
Switzerland. Swiss Radio Ind: CaPItal Letters (214).

ceocert

Tuesdays
0400 Austlalia.Radio: RAflews_
0400 Ecuador, HCJB QuilO(am): News.
0400 Switzerland. Swiss Radio Inti: News.
0400 USA. WEWN Birmingham Al : TheSacraments
0400 Zimbabwe, ZimbabweBC: News
0405 Switzerland. Swiss Radio InU: Newsnet.
0406 Germany, Oeutsche Welle: NewsUnk.
0410 Australia, Radio: TheWorld Today (part3).
0410 Ecuador, HCJB Quito (am): Studio 9
0411 Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe BC: Radio Three.

44

MONITORING TIMES

October ' 998

0430
0430
0430
0430
0438

Germany. Deutsche Welle: Good Mon'llnQ Afnca.

Ecuador, HCJB Quito (am): You ShWd Know.
USA. Kl BN SaUlk City UT: 00001 10 Doctor.
Switzel1and. Swiss Radio lnll: gencez-vocswith Switzerland.
Nethel1ands, Radio (am): NeWS/ine.

Wednesdays
0400
0400
0400
0405
0406
0410
0430
0430
0430
0430
G438
0440
0444
0448

Guatemala, TGNA: Insight lor livin g.

Auslralia.Radi o:RANews.
Ecuador, HCJBQuito (am): News,
Switzerland, Swrss Radio fnU: Newsnel.
Germany. Deutscne Welle: Ncwsli nk
Ecuador, HCJB Quito (am): Studio 9
Germany, neutseneWelle: Good Moming Africa.
Ecuador, HCJBQuito (am): El Munda Futuro.
Switzerland. Swiss Radio lnU: Rendez-vous wilh Switzerland.
Serbia, RYugoslavia: News
Nethel1ands, Radio (am): fl ewsline
Serbia.RYugoslavia: Press Review
Serbia.RYugosfavia: Economic ReVIew.
Serbia.RYugoslavia: YugoslavMusical Heritage

Thursdays
0400
0400
0400
0400
0400
0405
0406
0410
0411
0430
0430
0430
0430
0438
0453

Guatemala, TGNA:Insight lor living

Ecuador. HCJB Quito (am): News.
USA. KAUOallasTX: World UniveBity Network.
USA. KVOHlos AngelesCA: Joni ar.dFriends.
SWItZerland. Swiss Radio Inti: tl ews
Switzerland. Swiss Radio InU: Newsnet
Germany. Deutsche Welle: Newslink
Ecuaoor. HCJB Quito (am): Studio 9
Israel, KoI lsrael: Review 01the Paper Press.
Germany, DeutscheWelle: GoodMoming Alfica
Ecuador, HCJBQuito (am): Ham Radio Today.
Switzerland. Swiss Radio Inll: Rendez-vous with Switrel1and
Serbia.RYugosl3'Jia: News.
Netherlands. Radio (am): Newsline
Netherlands. Radio (am): nccumemery

Fridays
0400
0400
0400
0400
0400
0405
0406
0410
0411
0411
0415
0430
0430
0430
0438
0453

ISluI, Kat Israel: News.

Guatemala, TGNA: Insight lor living.
Australia, Radio: RANews
Ecuador, HCJBQuito (am): News.
ZImbabwe. Zimbabwe BC: News.
Switzerland. Swiss Radio Inti: Newsnet.
Germany. Deutsche Welle: NewsUnk
Ecuador. HCJB Quito(am): Studio 9.
lsraet.Kol lsrael: Review ot thePaper Press.
Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe BC: Radio Three.
USA, WRMIIRMiami Intl:Words of the Spirit.
Germany.DeutscheWelle: Good Morning Alfica.
Ecuador. HCJBQuito (am): Womanto Woman.
Switzerland. Swiss Radio Inti: Bendez-vous with
Switzerland.
Netherlands, Radio (am): Newsline
Netherlands. Radio (am): MediaNetwork.

saturdays
0400
0400
0400
0400
0400
0405
0406
0410
0411
0415
0425
0430
0430
0430
0438
0453

Israel.Kol lsrael: News.

Australia. Radio: RANews_
Costa Rica. Rlor Peace Inll: WOIfd 01RadIO.
Ecuador, HCJB Quito (am): News.
Germany. Deutsche Telekom: TheOvercome r Broadcast.
SWItZerland. Swiss Radio tnU: Newsnet.
Germany. Deutsche Welte: tlewslink.
Ecuador,HCJB Quito (am): Siudio 9
Russl3. Voice 01: SCience andEn\lineenng in theCIS.
USA,KVOHl os AngelesCA: wnars New.
Cuba. Radio HavanaCuba: Music_
Germany, DeutscheWelle: German by Radio.
ECLJador, HCJB Quito (am): Musica delEcuador.
Swrtzerta nd. SwissRadio Inti: Rendez-vous with
SWitzerland.
Netherlands. Radio (am): Newsline.
Nettlerlands. Radio (am): A Good life

fREQUENCIES

Angulla.C3nbbean Beacon
AustralIa. RadIO

OSOO-oaOO vl
0500-o;ODvI
0500-0500vi

osccoseo
osccoseo

Australia. Vl6KKathenne
Australia. Vl8T Tenl
cemerecn. Radio Cameroon
canada. CBe N QuebecSvc
Canada. CFRX t oronto

en

0500-0600

Canada. CfVP Calgary

0500-0600
0500-0600
05000529 mlwhf

Canada. CHNXHalifax
Canada. CKZUVancouver
Canada. RCanada Inti
Costa Rica,AFPeace Inll
Croatia Croalian Radio
Cuba, Radi o Havana
Ecuador, HCJB
Germany, Deutscne Welle
Germarr/,Overcomer Mlnlslr
Ireland, unt ChrlSMn Be
Italy, lRRS
Japan. AJapaf\lNHK Wood

0500 0600

05000505
0500-0600
0500.(I6(IQ

0500-0550
05000600
05OO-ll<OO
OSOO-Q600 vi
0500-00J0
O5lXHl6OO
05lXHl530 vi

_JO

osooeeoo

Kenya. i(envaBroadc Corp

Lesotho. RadiO t esctr c

Liberia. Star RadIO

OSOO.o&)(J vi
0500-1)600 vi
05oo.Q525
0500-0600
05000505
05000600
0500-0557
05000600 vi
05000600

ld.leria.l CtiIR teena Int

Malawi, MBC
MalaySia. RadIO
Malaysia, RTM Kuchlng
Namibia. NBC
Nelherlallds. Radio
New zeaanc. RNZ11111
Nigeria, FRCNlRadio
Nigel ia, Voice 01
NOIlh xcrea. R Pyongyang
Papua NewGuinea. NBC
ausse.vcce 01RussiaWS

0500-0530
05000530

S Alrica. AWRAlrica
S Alrica, Channel Africa

O5lXHl6OO
050()..()510 WOm-'

6090am

17715pa
5025do
-l91Odo
-l85Odo
9625do
607Odo
6030do
613Odo
616Odo
7295eu
6975am
5945eu
9550na
9745na
6045na
3975eu
6200do
3985va
6110na
117603s
1781Qas
4885(10

12OBOas
21820pa

152-l0pa

1551()pa

05(~J.0515

0500-0600

9595eu
15050am
983Qeu
9820na
12015na
6185na
11910as

7230eu
11840as

11835al

1543031

13830au
9830113
21455am
9615am

11810na

9835na
11850pa

1171535
lS230pa

""""I

UK. BBCAsian Service

05~H)600

UK.BBC World Service

05000600
0500-0600
05000600
OSOO.()6OO
05000600

USA, KAIJ Dallas TX

USA, KTBN Salt Lk City UT
USA, KVOH l os Angeles CA
USA, KWHR Naalehu HI
USA. Voiceof Amelica

0500-0600
Q5()1}0600
0500-0600
O5OO-ll<OO

esoc-osoo

0500-oooo

esoooeoo

OS()(H)530

cseoosoo

716Odo
3289a1
9590na
477Odo
15120al
11710eu

499Odo

17495au

17665au

13790eu
21760au

61DOal

9525al

SlIlgapore,RCorp Singapore
Spain. R Exteflor Espana
Tanzania,Radio
Uganda, RadiO
UK.BBCAl ritan servee

0500-0600

0501}(1600 mtwhf
0500-0600 w

4935do

480000

34""" 0
S1()O(lo
5993do
7295do
-l895do
327Qaf
616511a
11905pa
3326do
7255af
3560eu
9675do
945Qau
21 790au

0500-0600
O5OO-ll<OO
0500-ll<00

05000600
05000530v1
05050600
05200530
05250600
05300600
05300600
05300600
05300600
05300600 vi
0555{l6 oo

615Odo

6055am
5050<10
4976do
3255af
9600a1
974Qas
15360as
3955eu
6195eu
15575eu
5810am
7510am
9975ca
177803s
5970af
7195af
15205eu
11565af
5745am
1195Qam
749llna
9465am

US1I., WHAAGreenbush ME
USA., WHRI Noblesville III
USA. WINBRed LIOn PA
USA. WJCR UptonKY
USA. WMlK Belhel PA
USA, WRMIIRMiami Inll
USA, WSHBCypress Crk SC
USA. WWCR Nashville TN
USA, WYFR meecrctee Fl
Yalican State, vancan R

995'"

7535eu
2390am
5985na
4005eu
11625a1
333Oa1
6165do
3306<10
3200af
966"'1
3366do
6015na
584Deu
9655eu
1783Qeu
-l828do
6175as

Zambia, chnsnanVoice
Zambia, Natl Be Corp
Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Be
Swaziland. Trans Wor1d R
vancan Stale,Va tican R
Ghana, Ghana Broa dc Corp
Austria, R Austria Inll
Switzerland, Swiss R Inll
Thailand. Radio
UAE, Radio Dubai
Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Be
MaIa{Sia, Voice 01

6005,1
15420al
11955as
17760as
5975am
9410eu
17640me

6035al
963"'1

6190at
17885a1
15280as
17790as
6175am
11760me

6080af

11 965me

15310as
21660as
6180eu
12095eu

7170eu
1208Qaf

7315am
1359503

"""'I

3210am

9985"
5883e,
1557Qaf

507Qam
1158Oa1

593s. m

7250eu

9660a1

6065a1
6265do
4828do
47753t
11625al
491 5do
6165eu
11 905eu
21605eu
5012do
975lkts

950Qaf
15570al

15445eu

15295au

SELECTEDPROGRAMS.
Sundays
0500

0500
0500
0500

0500
0505

0506
0508
0510
0515
0523
0530
0530
0533

VatICan State, VatiCan RadIO: With He3r1 andMind

South Africa. Channel AlriCa: News.
Austr.llia, Radlo: RA News.
Ecuador. HCJB Quilo (am): Musical MaIlbag.
USA. KWHRNaalehu HI: BreakthrOllQh,
Auslralia,Radio: Oz Sound511.
Germany, Deutscne wene: Weeken(l Review.
vancan State. Vatican Radio: On-the-Air.
Spain. R Exteriorde[ spaRa: Window OIl Spain.
Germany, DeutscheWelle: Marksand Markets
Spain. R Exterior deEspana: Distanceurenown.
Australia, Radio: MediaReport
USA, VvWCR 11 Nashville TN: TheLutheran Re formalion
Hour
Spain. R Exterior deEspana: Spanish Poparama.

Mondays

Vatican Slate, Vatican Radio: To the Ends01theEarth.

vaucan State. Vatican Radio: News Irom the African
Church.
0500 Australia,Radio: RA News.
0500 Ecuador, HCJB Ouito jam): Radio Readil19 Room.
0500 USA. WNCR " Naslto'llleTN: Rock1he Universe.
0506 Germany. DeutscheWeRe: Mailbag
0511 Spain, R Exterior de Espana: VlSit()/'$ Book.
0515 Germany, Deutsche werle: COOL
0515 USA.WNCR 13 twllVille TN: The Old nmeReligiOn
Ho n,
0530 Ecuador, HGJBDutc (am): TheSower.
0530 Nigena.VOiCe ot VONSCOPE.
0530 USA. \'M'CR 13 NashvilleTN: The Hour of Couraqe.
0538 Spain. R ExteriordeEspana: Aa(lio Club.
0500
0500

Tuesdays

0500 vanean State, Vatican Radio: A Room with aView 01the

0500
0506
0515
0515

Vatican.

USA, KTBN Saltlk City UT: Jack Van tmpePresents.

Germany, Deutsche Welle: Newslink.
vancae Stale. vaucan Radio: Ask theAbbot.
USA, VvWCR 13 Nashville TN: TheOld Time Religion

Hour.
Vatican Stale. Vatican Radio: Alrican News Panorama.
Spain. RExterior de Espana: Press Review
Ecuador, HCJB Ouito (am): l ei My PeopleThink.
0S30 USA. KlBNSan Uc: CityUT: This is Your Day!
0530 USA, WWCR 13 Nashville TN: TheHour of Courage.
0533 Spain, RExterior de Espana: Entertainmtlnt in Spain.
0545 Spain, RbteriordeEspana: SpaniSJI Course by Radio.
0521
0530
0530

Wednesdays

0500
0500
0500
0506
0510
0515
0516
0530
0530
0530

Valican Stale. Vatican Radio: TheRome Report.

Vatican Stale. Vatican Ra(lio: TheEn\; ronmenl.
Australia, Radio: RA News.
Germany, Deutsche Welle: Newslink.
Vatican state. Vatican Radio: NewsfromttleAlrlcan cburcn.
USA, lNWCR 13 NashvilleTN: TheOld rime Religion Hour.
Vatican Stale, Vatican Radio: What can I Do?
Ecuador, HGJB Ouito (am): unsnacuec.
USA, KTBN San u City UT: This is Your Dayl
USA, VmCR 13 NashvilleTN: TheHour 01 Courage.

Thursdays
0500
()5()0

0500
0500
0505
0505
0506
0510
0512
0514
0515
0517
0523
0530
0530
0530

Vatican State, vatican Radio: The Pope and thePeople.

South Alrica, Channel Alrica: News.
Vatican State. Vatican Radio: News 01tile Church.
Australia, Radio: RANews.
Vatican State. Vatican Ra1:!IO: Pilgrim City.
South Atrica. Channel Ali a : Oate!meAtnca
Germany. Deutsche Welle: NewsLink.
Australia. Radio: PaciliC Beat (AftemoonEdition) (Part1).
Vatican Stale. VatiCan Radio: Afnc:an NewsPanorama.
Vatican Stale. vatican Radio: PostcarasfromRomtl.
USA, WWCR 13 Nashville TN: TheOldriffle ReligionHour
Valican Slate. Vatican Radio: Heallh and Healino
Vatican Stale, vatican Ra(lio: Communication uocate
Germany, DeutSCheWelte: living in Germany.
Australia,Radio: Sport
USA, WWCR 13 NashvilleTN: The Hour of Courage.

Fridavs

0500

Vatican Stale,Vatican Radio:Then and Now

OSOO

0506
0515

0530
0530

Australia, Radio: RA News..

Germany. Deutsche Wene:NewsUnk,
USA, WWCR 13 NashvilleTN: The Old Time ReligionHour.
Germany. DeutsChe Welle: Spotlight011Sport
USA. W"NCR 13 NashviQe TN: TheHour ot Couragfl.

saturdays
0500 VatiCan State.Vatican Radio: BylheWay...
0500 Vatican State, Vatican Radio: News.
0500

Spain, RExterior deEspana; TheNews fromSpain.

0500 Australia. Radio: RA News

0500 Germany. DeutscheTelekom: The Overcomer BroaocaSf.
0505 Australia. Radio: OzSounds 12.
0506
0506
0526
0530
0530
0530
0532
0550

Vatican Slate, Vatican Radio: RoundtableDiscussion.

Germany. DeutscheWelle: Newslink.
Spain, RExteriordeEspana: Press Review.
Germany, DeutscheWelle: German by Radio.
Australia. Radio: The Sports Factor.
USA. KTBN Sail u City UT: ThiSts Your Day!
Spain, RExterior de Esp.ana: ArtsRtvlew.
Spain, RExterior deEspana: ASpanish Couf5e by Radio.

Macintosh Software
SHORTWAVE NAVIGATOR
FREOUENCY VALET UTCLOCK
FREQUENCIES/PROGRAMS/COMPUTER CONTROL

(DRAKE KENWOOD

JRC

SEND $2 fOR DEMO DISK TO:

OX COMPUTI NG 232 SOUAW CREEK RD.
W il l OW PAR K, TX 76087

October / 998

MONITORING TIMES

4S

Sundays

0600 UK. BBClondon(alias pacJsouth as): World N~ .

0600 UK, BBC l ondon (3rrv!U): Newsday.
0615 UK, BBCLondon(af): Development '91. Aidand
development issues.
0615 UK, BBC Londonlas pac): lettertromAmenca.
0615
0630

UK. BBC l ondon (south as): Letter fromAmerica.

UI<. BBC London (am): Playof tile Week. Allitlereni radiO

dramaprogrameachweek.
0630 UK, BBC london(af): A1ncan News.
0630 UK, BBC london (as pacIsouth as): Meridian. One 01 tile
topitalprograms weekly aboutthe world01 the arts.
0630 UK, BBC London leu): Jazz for tile Asking. Record
requests with Mak:olm Uyl ock.
0631 UK. BBC london (af): African Perspective. Aconscereo
view 01lifeand issues lacing theAfrican continent.

Mondays
0600

Ecuador, HCJBQuito (am): Mountain Meditations.

Q630
0640
0645

0655

0645 Nigeria. Voice 01: Newsabout Nigeria.

0652 Vatan Slate. Vatican Radio: Alrican News Panorama
0655 Nigeria. Voice 01: Proqram Announcements.

Vatican State. Vatican Radio: Update

Nigeria. Voice 01:Commentary.
Nigeria. Voice 01: Newsabout N I~ria .
Nigeria. Voice of: Prooram Announcements.

Saturdays

Thursdays
060lI
063D
0630
0630
0640
0644
0645
0652
0655

0600

Nigeria, VOICe of: West African Scene.

Nigeria, Voice 01: WOI1d News.
Ecuador. HCJB Quito (am): Nighlsounds.
Vatican Slate, Vatican R.roiO: News.
Ni~eria. Voice 01: Commentary.
Vatican Stale, Vatican Ridio: Health andHealing.
Nigeria.. Voice ot News about Nigena.
Vatican State, Vatican Radio: African Ne'Ns P3tIOfima
N'geria. Voice 01: Prooram Announcements.

Fridays
0630
0630
0640

N'Oeria, Voice 01: WorldNI!'>'o'S.

Ecuador, HCJ8 Quito (am): Nightsounds.
Nigeria. Voice of: Commentary.

Germany. Deutsche Welle: News.

0600 Anguilla. Caribbean Bucon:World University hetwork.

0600 Australia. Radio: RA News.
0600 Germany. Deutsche Teltkom: TtleOvercomer Broadcast
0600 USA. !(AUDallas TX: World University Networll..
0600 USA.. WNCR 13 Nashville TN: World01Radio.
0605 Australia, Radio: fffdbatk .
0608 Germany, Oeutsclle Welle: Newslink063Q
Ecuador, HCJB Quito (ami: N'Ohtsounds.
0630 Vatican Slate. vanean Radio: The Gospel.
06J5 Vatiean State, Vatican Radio: Rel1ettion.
0641 Vatican Slate, VallCan Radio: JustiCS andPeace.
0650 Valican Slate. VatICan RadiO: News 011tle ChUM.
0654 VallCan Slate. vencan RadIO: Alncan News Panorama.

0600 USA. WWCR ' 1 Nashville TN: USA Radiollews.

0605
0615
0630
0630

USA. WNCR I I NashvilleTN: The Hourof CouraQe.

Nigeria, Voice 01: Nigeriaand Politics.
Nigeria. VOice 01: World News.
Ecuador, HCJ8 OuilO(am): Musicadel Ecuador.

TH ANK YOU

Tuesdays
0600
0630
0630
0640
0645
0652
0655

Germany, DeutscheTelekom: The werecner Broadcast.

Niaeria. Voice 01: World News.
Ecuador, HCJB Quito (am): Nightsounds.
N i ~e ri a, Voice 01: Commentary
Ni ~eria. Voice 01: Newsabout N i~ eria
Vatican Stale. Vatican Radio: African News Panorama.
Nigeria. Voice or: Program Announcements

Wednesdays
0630
0630

46

Nillena. VOice 01: World News.

Ecuador, HCJB Quito (am): Nightsounds.

MONITORING TIMES

October 1998

ADDITIONAL CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS MONTN' 5 SHORTWAVEGUIDE:

Joe BrashierlW HRI ; Bob Fraser. Cohasset. MA : Harold Frodge , Mid la nd. MI;
G lenn Hauser. Enid. OK/World oj Radio & DX Report; Al Q uag licri, Albany.
NY: Ad ria n Sa insbury. RNZ Inti; Harold Se llers. CanadalHCDX; Lee Silvi .
Ment or. O H: Jeff Whilc/WRM I: BBCMS/Wor/d Media ; Cuminr DX; NAS WA
j U/ln w I/L N : LUscnet ncw sg rou ps,

FREQUENCIES.

Anguilla.Caribbean Beacon
AustralIa. Radio

0700-0800 vi
0700-G800

Australia. VL8KKatherine
Australia. VlSTTent em
Canada. CFRX Toronto

491Odo
607(klo

07(J().(J600

Canada.CFVP Calgary

603Od.
613Odo
616Odo
6975am

07/J0-C800

Canada. CHtlXHablax

0700.()8()(l

Canada. CKZU vancouver

0700-0800

CostaRICa,RFPeace InU
Czech Rep, RadiO Praoul!

0700..{]721
Oi OQ-08C<l
0700-0800 m"'vhl
0700-0800 vi
07oo-OS00
0700-071 5
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0700-0800
0700-0S03
0700-oS0)
0700-0800
07QO.0715
0700-0800
0700-0800
0700-OSOO
0700-0715 vi
0700-0705
0700-0730 s
0700-0800 vi
0700-0800
0700-0800

Ecuador. HCJB
EQt GUinea. REast Atrica
Elit Guinea, Radio Africa
Germany. Sunrise RadiO
Germany.Overcomer Minisl r
Ghana. Ghana Breadc Corp
Guyana. GBCNoiCe 01
Ireland. UnlChrisl lanBe
Kenya. Kenya Broadc Corp
Liberia. Fadio ventas
liberia. Slar Radio
liberia.LCNIR l iberia Inl
Malaysia. Radio
Monaco, Trans World Radio
Myanmar. Radio
Namibia. NBC
NewZealand, R NZInti
Norway. Radio Norway Inti
Papua NeH Guinea. NBC
Romania. R Romania Inti
Aussia.Voice of Russia WS

0700-0710
07000800
0700-0730
07000800vi
07000735
07000800
07000800 vi
07000730

Sierra Leone,SLBS
Singapore.ACorp Singapore
Slovakia, RSlovakia Inti
Solomon Islands, SI8C
Swaziland. Trans World R
Taiwan, Radio Taipei Int!
Tanzania, RadiO
UK. BBC.AtricarJ Service

0700-0800as
0700-0800

UK, BBCA'ricarl servce

UK, BBCAsianService

07000800

UK. BBCWorld Service

0700-0900 as

07oo{l8oo
0700-0800
0700-0800
0700-0800
07oo-OS00
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0700-0800 T1twhl
0700-0800
0700-0800
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07Q5{l710s
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USA KAU DallasTX

USA. Kl BNSalt l k City UT
USA. K\VHR Naalehu HI
USA. WE......N Birmmgham Al
USA. WHAA Greenbush ME
USA. WHRI Noblesville IN
USA. WJCRUptonKY
USA. WMLK Bethel PA
USA. WRMI!RMiami Inti
USA. \'M'CRNashVIlleTN
USA. MFA OlIeechobee Fl
Vanuatu. RadiO
Zambl3, ChrislianVOICe
Zambia, NailBCCorp
Zimllabwe, Zimbabwe BC
croaua crceuan RadiO
NewZealand, R NZInll
Greece, Voi!:e 01

071508oovl
0730-0800
0730-0755
0730-0740s

Namibia. NBC
Austria. RAuslria mu
Belgium. R vtaaneeren tnt
Greece, Voice01

0730-0800
07300800
07300800

Netherlands. Radio
Switzerland. Swiss R Inti
UK. BBC African Service

07300800 as
0735-0800 as
07400800
0745-0800 s

UK, BBC World Service

Swaziland, Trans World A
Guam, TWRfJ<Nl A
Ghana, Ghana Broaoc Corp

otooosoc

9660pa

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Singapore,RCorp Singapore
SolomonIslands, SIBC
South Korea. R Korea Inti
Swaziland. trans World R
Tanzania, Radio
UK. BBC Alricanservice
UK. B9CAlriCan service
UK. 83CAsian servce

llBOO-09OO

UK, B3CWorld service

08IXJ-()900as

UK, BBC World service

USA. KAIJ DallasTX
USA. KNlSAnchor POint AI<
USA, KTBN Saltl k City UT
USA. K\VHRNaalehu HI
USA, WEWN Birminotlam Al
USA. WHRI NoblesvilleIN
USA. WJCRUpton KY
USA. WRMI!RMiami Inll
USA, WSHB Cypress CIk SC
USA,WSHB Cypress Cf1( SC
USA, WWCR NashVIlle TN
Vanuatu. Radio
Zambia. ChristianVOice
Zambia. NailBe Corp
Zimbabwe, ZImbabwe BC
Pakistan. Radio
Nigeria. FRCNlRadio
Seychelles. FEBA Radio
Albania. TWR Tirana
KyrgyZstan, Kyrgyz Radio
Australia, Vl8A AliceSpo
Austral;a, Vl8K Katherine
Austraha, Vl8T rem Crk
Georgia, Radio
Switzerland , Swiss R Inl1
Albania, TWRTirana
Monaco, Trans World Radio
Guam. TWRJKTWR

0800-0900
080<l-090O

99""
496Odo

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59J5am

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Anguilla.Caribbean Beacon
Australia. Radio

Australia. VLSTIent erk

Canada. cae N Quebec Svc
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0800-0900
Canada. CFRX Toronto
080<l-090O
Canada. CFVP Calgary
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llBOO-09OO
Costa Rica,RF Peace Inti
08CJ0.08 10mtwhla Croatia:, CroatianRadio
Ecuador, HCJB
0800-0900
0800-0900 as
Elit GUInea. R East Alrica
0ll00{)9()() mlwhf
Eqt Guinea, RadioAlrlCa
0800-0900 vi
Germany, Sunrise Radio
0800-0830 s
Germany, Universallile
OSOO-0900
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0800-0805 s
Ghana. GhanaBrcaoc Corp
0800-0900
Guam. TWRlKTWA
0800-0000
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0800-0900
Indonesia.Voice 01
0800-0900
Irelalld, urnChrislian BC
0800-0900
Kenya. KenyaBroadc Corp
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liberia,lCN/R liberia Int
Malaysia. Radio
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0800-0900 s
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Monaco, Trans World Radio
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Monaco, Trans World Radio
0800-0830
Myanmar, Radio
Namibia. NBC
0800-0900 vi
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Netherlands, Radio
0800-0900
New Zealand. R NZ Inll
0800-0900 as
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ausse.voce 01 Russia WS

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496Od.

Octobe, 1998

6265do
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MONITORING TIMES

47

FREQUENCIES
09001000
0900-1000
09001000 vi

OgOG lOOD vl
0900' 000vi
09001000
09001000
09001000
0900-1000
09001000
0900-1000

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09001000
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..

. .

An g u illa .C~ri b be an

Beacon
Australia, Radio
Australia. VlBA Alice Spg
Australia, VL8K Katherine
Australia, VlBT Ten t Crk
Canada.CFRX Toronto
Canada. CFVP Calgary
Canada. CHtlX Haurax
Canada.CKZU Vancouver
China, ChinaRadio Inti
Costa Rica,RF Peace Inti
Czech Rep, Radio Prague
Ecuador, HCJB
EQI Guinea. R East Africa
t nt Guinea. Radio Africa
Sermany, Deutsche Welle

0900-1000
0900-1000
0900-0915 mtwt/
09000915
09000930
0900-1000
0900-1000
0900-1000
0900-0915
09001000
0900-1000vi
0900-0930 s
0900-1000vi
0900-0925
0900-1000
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0900-1000 vi
09001000
0900-1000vi
0900-1000vi
0900-1000

Germany. Sunrise Radio

eermaoyo vercomer Minislr
Ghana, Ghana Broaoc Corp
Guam, TWRlKTWR
Guyana. GBCNoiceof
Ireland, Unt Christian BC
Kenya, Kenya Broaoc Corp
Liberia, Radio ventas
Liberia.lCNIRLiberia Int
MalaySia. Radio
Malaysia. RTM Kuching
MalIa, VOMediterranean
Namibia,NBC
Netherlands, Radio
NewZealand, RNZInll
Norway, Radio Norway Int!
Papua NewGuinea, NBC
smoaoore.acoro Singapore
Solomon Islands, SlBC
Tanzania.Radio
UK, BBC AfricanService

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0900-1000

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0900-1000
0900-1000twtllas
0900-1000
0900-1 000
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USA,WEWN Birmingham Al
USA, W~lR l Noblesville IN
USA, WJCRUpton KY
USA.WRMIIRMiami Inll
USA, WSHB Cypress Clk SC
USA, WNCR Nashville TN
Zambia,ChristianVoice
Zambia, Nail BC COIP
Zimbabwe, ZimbabweBC
Croatia, crcauen RadiO
Ghana, Ghana Broadc Corp
UK,BBC Asian Service
UK,BBC Asian Service

0930-tooOnuwnta
0930-1000
0930-1000
0930-1000
0930-1000
0930-1000
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Canada,CKZNStJohn's
Georgia, garno
Guam, TWRlKTWR
Italy, AWREurope
Lithuania.Radio Vilniu s
Netherlands, Radio
UK, BBCastan Service

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UK,BBC Asian Service

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MONITORING TIMES

6090am
6080as
231 0do
2485do
2325do
9625do
6070do

October /998

9580pa

1000-1100
1000-1100
1000-1100
1000-1100
1000-10101a
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1000-1 100irreg
1000-1100 vi
1000-1030
1000-1015
1000-1100
10001100 vi
10001 100
10001100
10001030
10001100
1000-1100 vi
1000-1030
1000-1100 vi
1000-1100
1000-1100as
1000-1030

Ireland, unt ChristianBC

Japan, RJapanINHKWorld
Jordan. Radio
Ken ya, Kenya arcade Corp
Kyrgyzstan, KyrgyzRadio
Malaysia, Radio
Malaysia,RTM KotaKinabalu
Namibia, NBC
Netherlands, RadiO
NewZealand, RNZ tntl
Nigeria, Voice01
Papua NewGuinea, NBC
Philippines, FEBCtR Inti
Philippines, FEBC/R Inti
Singapore,RTERadio
ancaoore.accrpSingapore
SolomonIslands, SIBC
Switzerland, Swiss R inn
Tanzania, Radio
UK,BBC Al ricanService
UK,BBC AfricanService
UK, BBCAsian Service

1000-1100

UK,BBC World Service

l OOO-11 00 as
1000-1100
1000-1100 twhlas
1000-1100
1000-1100
1000-1100

UK,aac World Service

USA, KAIJ DallasTX
USA, KHBI N Mariana Is
USA, KTBNSail l k City UT
USA, KWHR Naalehu HI
USA.Voice of America

11955as

11945as

11955as

1030-1G45

11765as

5935al1\

15360as

11765as

15360as

: ~ 1 660a s

I
Anguilla,Caribbean Beacon
Australia,Radio
Australia, Vl8A Alice Spg
Australia,Vl8K Katherine
Australia, VL8T remCrk
Canada, CBC NOuebec Svc
Canada, CFR X Toronto

Canada, CFVP Calgary

Canada,CHNX Halifax
Canada,CKZN StJohn's
Canada, CKZUvancouver
China, ChinaRadio Inti
Costa Rica,RF Peace Inti
Ecuador, HCJB
EQt Guinea, REast Africa
Eqt Guinea, Radi o Africa
Germany, Sunrise Radio
Germany,Overcomer Ministr
eermaevnvercomer Ministr
Guam, AWR/KSDA
Guam, TWRlKTWR
India, All IndiaRadio

11945as

5070am

1787Qau

13710as
9740as
17790as
9580as

1000-1100
10001100
10001100
10001100
1000-11 00
1000-11 00
1000,1100
1000-1100as
l ooQ--l 100mlWhl
1000-1100
1000-1100
1000-1100 as
1000,1030
1000-1100
1000-1100

USA, WEWN Birmingham Al

USA. WGTG McCaysville GA
USA, WHRINoblesville IN
USA, WJCR Upton KY
USA, WRMIIR Miami Inti
USA,WSHBCypress Crk SC
USA, WSHB Cypress Crk SC
10001100
USA. WNCR Nashville TN
lOOO1100mtwhf
USA, WWCR NashVille TN
1000-1100 as
USA, WNCR NashvilleTN
1000-1100 mrwnta USA, WYFROkeechobee f l
10001030
Vietnam, Voice01
1000-1100
Zambia, cnnsuan Voice
1000-1 100
Zambia, NailBC Corp
1000-11 00 'II
Zimbabwe, ZimbabweBC
1030-1100S
Austria,R Austria Inti
1030-1 055
Belgium,R vuanocren tnt
10301057
Czech Rep, Radio Prague
1030-1100
Guam, AWR/KSOA
1030 1035
Israel, Kollsraet
1030-11 00
Netherlands. Radio
1030-1100
scum Korea. R KoreaInti
1030-1100
Sri l anka, Sri lanka BC
10301 100
UAE. Radio Oubai
1030-1100
UK,aBC Asian Service

7315am
13595na

11880as

1000-1100
lOoo-11 00 mtwhla
1000-1 100
1000-1 100
lOoo-t l 00 mlWhla
1000-1100 wh

17780as

1000 UTe
1000-1100
1000-1100
looQ--l1 oovl
1000-1100 v!
1000-1100 vi
1000-1100 vi
1000-11 00

tcoc-noo

Vatican Slate,VaticanR

6030do
613Odo
616Odo
616Odo
9785pa
6975am
9640pa
15186a1
15186a1
5850va
157153U
5900eu
11790as
9865as
11585au
17387au
62oodo
9695as
11690eu
4935do
4010<10
7295do
598Odo
4930al
12065as
9700pa
7255al
489Odo
11635as
11635as
11740as
615Odo
502Odo
6165eu
505Odo
6190al
15400al
6195as
15360as
6195am
15485eu
17705eu
15190sa
S81Qam
11660pa
7510am
99303s
5985pa
11720as
9465na
94QOam

6l;l7""
7490na
9955ca
6095na
9455sa
2390am
321Dam
15685am
5950na
980lDas
6065al
6165do
4828do
15455as
9925eu
7345eu
11790as
15640eu
6045eu
11715am
11835as
13675eu
6195as
17790as
5883eu

.. . .
9890pa

11755pa

21455310

15755as

17505pa

11735au
17840as

13700au

11730as

11850pa

15050au

4965al
13710as
15120al

9535eu
11940af
17830af
9740as
17790as
9410eu
15565eu

17885al
11765as
21660as
11760me
15575eu

153103s
12095eu
17640eu

7405ca

959<ka

15665as
11565pa
6165ca
15425as
15745eu
9495am
13595na

507Dam

5935am

1202Das

1501Das

6265do
5012do
17870au
15595eu
11640eu
15170as
15650na
9860eu

12065as

13710as

15120as
1537Deu
974Das

17850as
15395eu
11765pa

21605eu
15310as

964""

1174Qeu

15595va

Your Name iii Lights!

17750as

or at least in ink within the MOIl;tor;lIf.: Times Shortwave Guide.

Please send us your "best catches" on the worldwide shortwave
bands - QSLs. that is - and we will try to use them in future
issues of MT Your QSLs will he returned.

fREQUENCIES

. .

1100-1200
11oo-1200irreg
1100-1200vl
1100-1125
1100-1157

Anguilla,Caribbean Beacon
Australia, Radio
Australia, VL8A AliceSpg
Australia, VLBK Katherine
Australia, Vl BT Tent Crk
Bulgaria, Badm
Canada, CSC NQuebec Svc
Canada. CFRX Toronto
Canada, CFVP Calgary
Canada. CHNX Halifax
Canada, CKlNStJohn's
Canada, CKlUVancouver
Costa Rlca,RF PeaceInti
Ecuador, HCJB
Eqt Guinea. R EastAfrica
Eqt GUinea, Radio Africa
Germany, Deutsche Welle
Germany, SunriseRadio
Germany,Overcomer Ministr
Germany,Overcomer Ministr
Iran. VOIRI
Ireland . umcnnsuan BC
Japan. RJapanfNHKWorld
Jordan. Radio
Kazakhstan. RAlmatyInti
Kenya, Kenya aroaocCorp
Kyrgyzs tan, Kyrgyz Radio
Liberia.LCN.l R Liberia tnt
Malaysia,Radio
Malaysia,RTM KotaKinabalu
Namibia. NBC
Netherlands, Radio
North Korea. R Pyongyang

11oo-' 130as
1100-1200vi
1100-1200
11 00-1130vl
1100-1200
1100-1131}

Palau. KHBNNoice 01 Hope

PapuaNew Guinea, NBC
Sinqapure.R SingaporeInt
SolomonIslands, SIBC
South Korea, RKorea Inti
Sri Lanka. Sri LankaBC

1100-1200
1100-1200
1TOO- l200vl
110Q-1200vl
I 100-1 200 vi

1100-1200
1100-1200 vi
1100-1200
1100-1200
1100-1200
1100-1200
1100-1200
1100-1200
1100-1200
I 100-1200as
1100-1200
1100-1150
1100-1200
11 00-1 200as
1100-1200
1100-1200
1100-1200
1100-1200
1100-1200
11oo-11201a
1100-1200
1100-11 30 mtwnt

nco- rue

.
11775am
6080as
231 Odo
2485do
2325do
15175eu
9625do
6070da

. ..

9580pa

17585eu

59""'
"
15375as
1183Das
6200do
6120na
1t69Oeu
9505eu
4935do
401 0do
5100do
7295do
5980do
4930at
6045eu
35603S
15230va
9965as
4890do
6015as
502Odo
7275as
1'835as

15115am

21455am

15410al

17765a'

15715au
11875as

17505pa
13605me

Switzerland, Swiss R Inll

9810as

lHXl1200
11001200 vi

Iaiwan Voice 0' Asia

74453S

Tanzania. Rad io
UK, BBCAfricanService

S050do

11001200

11001200

UK,BBCAsian Service

11001 130 mfwht

UK, BBC Caribbean Report

UK, BBC World Service

9695as

11730as

9620eu

11720as

1100-1200

UK, BBC World Service

USA. KAIJ Dallas TX
USA. KHBI N Mariana Is
USA. KTBN san Lk City UT
USA,KWHR NaalehuHI
USA. Voice America

11001 200
11001200 rntwhta
11001200
1100-1 200
1100-1200
11001200 11as
1100-1200 wi
11001200
1100-1200 mfwhta
1100-1200
1100-11 30
1100-1200
1100-1200
11001 200vl
1105-11 20
11201140w
1125-1200
113!J...1 2oo
113!J...1200as
11301200
11301200
1130-1200 ,
1140-12001

USA. WEWN Birmmqham AL

USA. WGTG McCaysville GA
USA. WHRI Noblesville IN
USA. WJCR Upton KY
USA. WRMI/RMiami Inti
USA. WSHB Cypress Crk SC
USA. WSHBCypress Crk SC
USA. WWCR Nashville TN
USA. WYFR OkeechobeeFL
USA. WYFR Okeechobee FL
Vietnam, Voice
zambia. ChristianVoice
Zamoa. Natl BC Corp
Zimbabwe,Zimbabwe BC
Pakistan. Radio
Kazakhstan. RAlmaty Inti
aemenands. RadIO
Sweden, Radio
UK,BBC Asian Service
UK. BBCWorld Service
USA, Voice 01America
Vatican Stale. VaticanR
Kazakhstan. R Almaty Inti

ll00~1 2 00

15260as

4050do

4965al
9860eu
964031

12065as
9975me

615Das

15120as

17850as

13710a5
11335v3

. .

11001200

1100-1130 as
11001 200
11001200twhtas
11001 200
17800al

1100,1130

603Odo
6130do
6160do
616Odo
6975am
12005ca
1518631
9530as
15370al
5850va

0'

0'

6190011
l l aSSa!
6195as
15280a5
6195ca
5965na
15485eu
17705eu
6195am
S810am
9355as
7510am
9930as
5985pa
11720as
7425na
94QOam
6040am
7490na
9955ca
6095na
9455ca
5070am
S950na
5850na
7285as
6065a'
6165do
4828do
15530eu
9505eu
6045eu
15235am
15310as
6195am
11680eu
15595va
9505eu

...

17515015

119403'
216603'
95803S
153103$
t522Qca
94101;u
15565eu
17790sa
151 90sa

11565pa
6160as
151603s
9465na

1540031

17830011

97403S
17785a$

11955015

1l 760me
15575eu

12095eu
17640eu

15220am

9645as
15425as
15745eu

9760as

7435am

15685am

9495am
13595na

5935am

9730as
6265do
501 2do
17835eu
9620eu
9860eu
15240am
17785as
15220am
17550va
9620eu

11720as
17870am

11720as

SELECTED PROGRAMS.
Sundays
1100
11 00
11 01}
1105
1130
1130

Canacla, N QuebecSvc: tlews.

USA, KAIJ DallasTX: World UniversityNetwoOl.
USA, KlBN Salt LkCity UT:Breaktllrough.
Australia. Radio: Jazz Notes.
Ecuador, HCJB Quito(am): The cnnsten's Hour.
Sweden, Radio: Sounds Nordic(214).

Mondays
1100
11 00
1100
1105
1109
11 30

1130
11 30
1130
1131
1131
1133
1135
1138
1142

Au stralia, Radio: RA News.

Ecuador, HCJBQuito (am): lnsight lor living.
Sinoapore. R Singapore In\l: News.
Sy,i12erland, Swiss Radio Inll; Newsnet
Singapore. R Singapore IntI: Business and Mar\(et Report.
North Korea. RPyongyang:Music otme Korean People's
Army.
Australia,Radio: Spurt.
Singapore, R Singapore InU: News.
SWitzerland, Swiss Radio 1n1l: Rendezvous with SwilZerland.
Ecuador, HCJB Quito (am): lat in Amertcan News.
Sweden, Radio: News.
NorthKorea, RPyongyano: The Spirit 01 SocialistKorea
Australia. Radl1l: Countrywide.
Netherlands, Radio: newsnne.
Sweden, Radio: sscrtscan.

Tuesdays
1100
1100
1100
1100
1105
1115
1115
1130
1130
1130
1130
1131

Germany, DeutscheWelle: News.

Australia, Radio: RA News.
Costa Rica, Rlor Peacelntt Alternative Radio.
Japan, Radio: News.
Switzerland, Swiss RadioInU: Newsne!.
Bulgaria, Radio: Events andDevelopments.
Japan,Radio: lop NewsAsia.
Australia, Radio: Sport
Bul(j3ria, Radio: MagazineEconomy.
Sin(j3pOre, RSingapore Inll: News.
Switzerland, Swiss Radio Inti: Rendezvous witll Switzerland.
Ecuador, HGJB Quito (am): Latin American News.

11 35
1138
1145

1146

Australia. Radio: Countrywide.

Netherlands, Radio: Newsline.
Bulgaria, Radio: Folk Studio.
Sweden, Radio: MedlaScan(1r.J).

~~d~~~~tscl
le Welle: News.
1100 Australia. Radio: RA News.
1100
1100
1100
1100
1106
11 09
1115
1115
111 5
1125
1130
1130
1130
1130
1131
1135

CostaRica. Rlor Peace lntl: My Green Earth.

Japan, Radio: News.
Papua New Guinea,NBC: News.
Singapore, RSingapore Inti: News.
Germany, Deutsche Welle: NewsUnk
Singapore, RSingapore Inti: Businessand MarketReport.
Bulgaria, Radio: Events and Developments.
Japan, Radio: TapNews Asia.
Singapore, RSingaporeInti: Star Trax
Japan, Radio: Music Reflections.
Australia,Radio:Sport
Bulgaria, Radio:Cultural Review.
Singapore, RSingaporelntl; News.
Switzerland. Swiss Radio Inti: Rendezvous witnSwitzerland.
Ecuador, HCJB Ouito (am): latin Amertcan News.
Australia,Radio: Countrywide.

Thursdays
1100
11 00
11 00
1103
1110
1115
1115
1122
1130
1130
1131
1131
1135

Australia, Radio: RANews.

Papua New Guinea, NBC: News.
Singapore, RSingaporeInti: Newsday
NortllKorea, R Pyongyang: News.
Singapore, R SingaporeInti: Business andMarket Report.
Bulgaria. Radio: Events andDevelopments.
SingapOle, RSingaporeInti: Uving
Nortll KOIea, R Pyongyang: Words01tile Great l eader.
Bulgaria, Radio: Timeout 101 Music.
Switzerland, SwissRadIO Inti: Rendezvous witll Switzerland.
Ecuador, HGJB Ouito(am): lati n American News,
Sweden, Radio: News.
Australia. Radio: Countrywide.

1140

Singapore, RSingapore Inti:Altertllougllt.

Fridays
1100
11 00
1100
1100
1100
1103
1105
111 5
1115
1125
1130
1130
1130
1130
1131
1135

Australia, Radio: RA News.

Bulgaria, Radio: News,
CostaRica,Rlor Peace lntl:Voices 01OurWorld.
Japan, Radio: News.
Switzerland, SwissRadio Inti: News
Nortll Korea. R Pyongyang: News.
Switzerland, Swiss Radio Inti: Newsnet.
Bulgaria, Radio: Events andDevelopment.
Japan, Radio: TopNews Asia.
Japan, Radio: Music Beat
Bulgaria, Radio: TheWay We Live.
Costa Rica, Rlor Peace Inti: WltlGS.
Ecuador, HCJB QUito (am): Morning in the Mountains_
Switzerland. Swiss Radio lnll: Rendezvous witll
Switzerland.
Ecuador, HCJBQuito (am): LahnAm erican News.
Australia, Radio: Counlrywide.

saturdays
1100
1100
1100
1100
1103
1105
1105
1105
1110
1113
1115
1130
1130
1135
1138

Australia, Radio: RANews.

Germany. Deutsche Ielekom; TheOvercomerBroadcast.
Japan, Radio: News.
Papua New Guinea, NBC: News.
NortllKorea, RPyongyang: News.
Australia, Radio: FineMusic Australia
Papua New Guinea, NBC: Top ol the Pops.
Switzerland, SwissRadio Inti: Newsnet.
Japan, Radio: AsiaWeekly.
Nortll Korea,R Pyongyang: Music/Commentary,
Switzerland, Swiss Radio Inti: The NameGame (1).
North Korea, R Pyongyang: AllPeople Free.
Singapore, RSingapore Inll: News.
North Korea, R Pyongyang: Music.
Netherlands. Radio: Newsline.

October 1998

MONITORING TIMES

49

FREQUENCIES .

12()().1300
1200-1300

AngUllla,Caribbean Beacon
Australia. Radio

12001300vi
12001300 '0'1

Australia. Vl8A AbeeSIlO

12(J(H300 vi
1200-1300
1200-1215
1200-1300 vi
12001300
1200,1300
12001300
1200-1300
1200-1300
1200-1229

11775am

602<lpa
9770as
231(ldo

Australia. Vl8KKatherine
Australia. Vl8 T remerk
Brazil, Badm Bras

2485do

Cambodia, NailRadIO01
Canada, cae N Quebec svc

11940as
9625do
6070do
6030do
6130do
6160do
6160do
9640am
15195as
6950pa
116603s
6975am
12005c.l
1518631
95,,",
9805eu
15530am
5B5l>n
971Qas
15715au

Canada. CFRX rorcmc

Canada.CFVP Calgary
Canada, CHNX Hali'ax
Canada, CKl N St John's
Canada,CKZU Vancouver
Canada, R Canada Inti

1200-1300

China. China RadiOinn

1200-1300
1200-1300
12(XH 3OQas
1200-1300
1200-1300

t esta Rlta.RFPeace InU

Ecuador. HCJB
EqtGUinea. R East Alrica
EQtGuinea. Radio Africa
FIance. Radio FIance Inll

1200-1300
12001230 5
1200-13X1
1200-13JO
1200-1300
1200-1300
1200-1 300
1201).1300 ineo
1200-1300 'II
1200-1225
12001230s
1200-1300
12001300vi
1200-1255
12001300
1200-1300
1200,1230
1200-1300
1200-1300vi
1200-1 300

Germany. SuenseRadiO
Germany. Universal life
Germany.Overcomer Ministr
Ireland. um Chnstl3ll BC
Jordan. Radio
Kenya. KenyaBroadc Corp
MalaYSI3. RadIO
Malaysl3,RTMKolaKinabalu
Namibia. NBC
Nethellands. RadiO
Norway. Radio Norway Inll
Palau. KHBNNoice 01Hope
Papua NewGuinea. NBC
Poland , Polish RWarsaw
Singapore.R Singapore Int
South Korea. RKorea Inti
Switzerland. Swiss R lntl
Taiwan. Radio Taipei Inti
Tanzania. Radio
UK. BBCAIrican Service

.. . . .

. . .. .. .

""'"'

95llOp.

9660,.

1200-1300
12001300
12001300 twntas
12001300

2325(10
15445am

9660as

11 855am

13650am

7385pa
11675as

9715as
1198035

9945as

15115am

21455am

11600as
1 5~ 03f

15155eu
17575.3m

15735.3s

17505pa

15195eu

4965al
9860eu

7270eu
6150as

9525eu

11820eu

9535eu
9610au
1194031

1783031

17885al

UK. BBC Asaan servce

UK. BBC World Servce

12001300

USA. KAIJ Dallas TX

USA.KHBI iii Manana Is
USA. KlBN Sall l k CIty UT
USA. KWHRNaalehu HI
USA, Voice01America

1200-1300
1200-1300mtwhta
12001 300
1200-1300
12001300
120013OO mwh
1200-1300 a
1200-1300
1200-1300mlwhla
1200-1300
1200,1228
1200-1300
12001300
l 2OQ1300vi
12051210
12061300occsnal
12091215mtwhl
12091215as
12101240
12151300
12291259
1230-1300
1230-1300
1230-1255
1230-1300
12301300
1230-1300
1230-1300
1230-1300
1230-1300
1230-1300
12301300a
1230-1300
12401250
1240-1255 smlwh

USA. WEWN BirminghamAl

USA. WGTGMcCaysvilleGA
USA.WHRI fl oblesville IN
USA. WJCR Upton KY
USA. WRMltR Miami Inti
USA.WSHBCypress CrkSC
USA. WSHB Cypress CrkSC
USA. WWCR Nashville TN
USA. WYFR Okeechobee FL
USA. WYFR Okeechobee FL
UlbekiSl3n. RTashkenl
Zambia.ChristianVoice
Zambia. Nail BCCorp
ZImbabwe. Zimbabwe BC
Croatia.Orcanan RadiO
'~ew Zealand. R NZInll
UK. BBC Canbbean Report
UK. BBC World servce
Mongolia, Voice01
Egypt. RadiOCairo
Canada.R Canada Inll
Auslria. R Auslria Inll
Bangladesh. Bangia Betar
Belgium. Rvtaanceren Int
Guam.AWRIKSOA
Ilaly, AWR Europe
South Korea, R korea Inll
Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka BC
Sweden. Radio
Thailand. Radio
Turkey. Voice 01
USA. Voice01America
Vietnam. Voice of
Greece. VOice 01
UK. BBC SlowSpeed News

1200-1300

62llOd'
11690eu
4935do
7295do
598Odo
4930al
6045eu
17535as
9965as
489Odo
6095eu
6015as
7285as
6165eu
7130as
50SOdo
61903'
2166Da1

1200-1300

51""

958(b,

15280as

1531Das

5965",
l1i60me
15565eu

6195am

12095eu
1557Sas

9740as
17785as
9410eu
15220am
17640eu

9515na

9760as

1171 53S

11955as

15465eu
17705eu

S8l0am
9355as
751Dam

9930a5
6160as
151603s
7425na
94003m
6G40am
7490na
9955ca
6095na
11660am
50703m
5950na
5850na
728535
6065a1
6105do
482&10
7125eu
6100pa

,,-

6195am
12085au
17595.3s

%4"'m
6155eu
7185as
15545na
13720as
7230as
6055as
9730as
13740as
9655as
15185as
7768eu
984Das
17525al
7140me
15555me

11565pa
9645<1s
15425as
9465na

15745eu

9495am
13595Ra

7435am

13845am

15685am

6015na
97153s

17750na
15295.35

17775as

6265d,
5012do
98JOeu
15220ta
15220am

11855am
13730na
95503s

13650am

9570as
154253S
15240au
98853s
17830as

9640am

1202Das

1501Das

11820me
17585.31

13660af

13670as

11905as
I 7830eu

1518031

SELEaEOPROGRAMS
Sundays
1200
1200
1200
1204
1205
1208
1219
1230
1230
1230
t 233
1238

France. Radio France InU: News.

Poland. Polish Radio Warsaw: News.
USA. KAIJ DallasTX: World University Network.
Poland. PolishRadio Warsaw:Weekend Commentary
Australia. Radio:Country Club (Part 1).
Poland. Polish RadioWarsaw: Panorama.
France. Radio FranceInti: Asia File.
Singapore.RSingapore Inti: News.
Austria, RAustria Inti: The Week In Review.
South Korea, Radio xcrea Inl!: News
France. Radio FranceInll: Club 9516.
South Korea. Radio Korea Inti: Mulliwave fee(lhack.

Mondays
1200
1200
1200
1200
1205
1213
1225
1230
1230
1232
1243
1245
1250
1252

France, Radio FranceInti: News.

Australia, Radio: RANews.
Canada. RCI Montreal: CBCRadio News.
Brazil. Radlobras: BrazilianPanorama.
Australia. RadiO: la te NiOht live.
Canada. RCI Montreal: ThiS Morning.
France. Radio France Inti: Revie'N 01theFlenchNewspapers.
South Korea, Radio Korea Inti: News.
Thailand. Radio: Natiooal News.
France, Radio France InU: RFI Europe.
South Korea, Radio xcrea Inl\: Globalizing Korea.
rraoce. Radio FranceInU: Arts in France.
France. RadiO franceIoU: Insight.
Turkey, Voice 01: SCience in Tuney

Tuesdays
1200
1200
1200
1213
1215
1220
1226
1230

50

Canada, RCI Monlreal: RCI News.

AUSlralia. Radio: RA News.
Canada, RCI Monlreal: CBCRadio News
Canada. RCI Montreal: This Morning
Taiwan. Radio Taiper InU: Taiwan Today_
Singapore.R Singapore Inti: Businessand Market Report.
France. RadioFrance InU: Review 01 the French Newspapers.
Sinoapore,R Singapore Inll: News.

MONITORI NG TIMES

October /998

1230
1230
1232
1237
1244
1246
1251

Soulh Koru. Radio Korea Inti: News.

Thailand. Radio:Nalional News.
France, RadiO France InU: Books
France, Radio France Inti: Discovery.
SouthKorea, Radio Korea Inti: Cullural Promenade.
France. Radio FranceInU: Land 01France.
France. Radio France Inti: Echoes fromAlrica(biweekly).

~:d~~~~~ontreal
: RCI News.
1200 France, Radio France lnn.News.
1200
1211
1213
1226
1230
1232
1234
1239
1239
1244
1247
1250
1250

Brazil, Radiebras: BrazilianPanorama.

Canada. RCI Montreal: Spectrum.
Canada,RCI Montreal: This Morning.
France, Radio FranceInti: Review 0' theFrench
Newspapers.
Belgium, Rvuanceren Inll: Brussels calling
France.Radio France Inti: France Today
France. Rallio f rance Inti: Power and Policy.
France. Radio France InU: RFI Europe.
Belgium, RVlaimderen InU: BeIOlumToday
Belgium. RVtaanderen Inti: Green Society.
France. Radio f rance Inti: t ene froma Listener.
France. Radio France Inti: la ndof France.
Belgium, RVla.anderenInU: liviflO in Belgium.

Thursdays
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1213
1215
1226
1230
1230
1233

Canada, RCI Montreal: RCI News

France, Radio France Inti: News.
Australia, Radio: RANews.
Taiwan, Ra(jioTaipei Inll: News.
Brazil. gaae bras: BrazilianPanorama
Canada, ReiMonlreal: This Mornino.
Taiwan, Radio TaipeiInti: Tragedies 01the Orient
fr ance, Radio France InU: Reviewof Ihe French
Newspapers.
Taiwan. Radio Taipei Inti: Hot Spots
South Korea, Radio Korea lnll: News,
France, Radio France Inti: The Bottomline.

1239
1246
1247
1250

France, Radio France Inti: Planet Earth (biweekly).

Sweden, RadiO: Horizon (415).
f rance. Radio france Inti: Letter froma listener.
France. Radio FranceInU: NorthlSoulh (biweekly).

Fridavs
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1205
1211
1215
1215
1230
1230
1234
1243

canada, RCI Montreal: RCI News.

France, Radio Fiance tnU: News.
Auslralia. Radio: RANews.
Canada. RCI Montreal: cec Radio News.
Singapore, RSingaporeInll: Newsday,
Taiwan, Radio Iaipellnll; News.
Bfalil, Radiobras: Brazilian Panorama.
Australia, Radio: late Night Uve.
Canada,RCI Montreal: Spectrum.
ta raca. Rei Montreal: As 11 H.allpens.
Taiwan. Radio Taipei Inti: Taipei Magazine.
Taiwan, Radio Taipei Inti: l ile on theOutside.
South Korea. Radio Korea Inll: News.
Fra, ce. Radio France InU: Weekend.
South KOlea. Radio KOlUInti: Nolesof NostaJoia.

Saturdays

1200 France. RadiO Fi ance Inti News.

1200 Australia. RadIO: RANf'NS.
1200 Taiwan. RadIO Taipei InU;News
1200 Brazil. Radiobras: The Best01 BrazilianPopular Music.
1211 Canada. N QuebecSvc: AsIt Happens.
1215 Taiwan, Radio Taipei Inti: Kaleidoscope.
1223 France. RadiO France Inti:Focus on France.
1230 TarNan. Radio Taipei InU: Rel1eclions.
1231 France, Radio f rance Inti: Spolliohl on A'rica..
1237 TUrkey, veee01: Reviewollhe Day's Turtish Press.
1238 SoulllKorea, Radio xcrea Inti: FromUs to You.
1240 Belgium. RVlaanderenInti: Music fromFlanders.
1240 Turkey. Voiceof:OulioolL
1245 Turkey, Voice 01: VOT OX Corner (biweekly)
1251 f rance, Radio France Inti: Letter noma Listener.
1257 Turkey. Voice 01: Blue Voyage.

fREQUENCIES
1300-1400

1300-1 330
13001400
1300-1400 vi
13001400vl
130().1400 vi
13001320
13001400 vi

13001400
1300UOO
1300-1 400
13001400
13001 400
13001400 smtwhl
1300-1400mtwhl
1300-1400
1300-1400
1300-1 330
1300-1400
1300-1 330
1300-1400
1300-1400
1300-1400
1300-1330 s
13001400
13001400
1300-1400
13001400
1300,1310
13001400
13001400 irrel}
1300 1400vl
13001400occsnal
13oo1330 s
13001400
1 3 00 ' 1400 ~ 1

13001400
1300 1400
1300-1400
1300-\ 400 as
1300-\4 00
1300-1400
1300-1400

Arlgulll.1 Canbbean Beacon

AuSlral13 RadIO
Auslralla. Radio

AUSlraha. VL8A AliCe Spg

AUSlralla. VL8KKatherine
Australia. VL8T Tenl CI'll;

B/alli. aaooBras
Canada. CBC N Quebec Svc

Canada. CFRX Toronto

Canada.CFVP Calgary
Canada. CHNX Halllax
Canada.. CI(lN St John's
Canada.. CKZU Vancouver
Canada. RCanada Inti
canada. RCanada. Inti
ChlOa. China RadiOInti
CostaRIC3.RF Peace Inti
Czech Rep, Radio Prague
Ecuador. HCJB
Egypt. RadIOCairo
Eql GUinea. REast Africa
Eql Guinea. RadiOAlrica
Germany. Sunrise Radio
Germany. Universal l ife
Germany.Overcomer Ministr
Ireland. U~ l ChristianBC
Jordan . RadiO
Kenya. Kenya arcaoc Corp
libe ria,lCWRlibena tnt
Malaysia. Radio
Malaysia.RTM KotaKinabalu
Namibia,NBC
New Zealand. R NZ Inll
Norway. Radio Norway Inti
Palau. KHBNN oice 01Hope
Papua New coree . NBC
Philippines. FEBCtR Inll
Romania, RRomania lnll
Russia.voice 01Russia WS
S Africa, Channel Alrica
Singapore,R Singapore Inl
Sri l anka, Sri lanka BC
Switzerland. Swiss R Inll

..
11775am
9770as
5995pa

-"

. . . .. ..
13001400vi
13001330

6020"

6080as

9580pa

1300-1400

. . . .. .

.
Tanzania. Radio
Turkey. Voice 01
UK. BBCAtncan Service

1300-1400

UK, BBC Asian Service

1300 1400

UK. BBC World Service

15445am

9625do
607Odo
603000
613000
13650am
7405na

....5"

ll 980as

15180as

2174531
15115am

11 660as

21455am

ss"",

5850va
12025as
15625pa
6200<10
11690eu
4935do
510000
1295do
598000
4930al
6100pa
9590eu
9985as
4890do
11995as
15250na
11655as
9445al
6015as
9730as
7230as

15735.<5

4965al
15640na

15390eu
15510as
17675af
6150as
15425as
7480as

Sl90at
17885a1

231Odo
2485do
2325do

616Odo
616Odo
11855am
"'Il.>m
7385pa
11675pa
69753m
13580as
12oo5ca
17595as
15186al

50SOdo
11995eu

15650as

11770eu
17570as
17870al

17790na
21160as

1300-1400
1300-1 400 twhtas
13001400
1300-1400
1300,1400
1300-1400
1300-1400

USA. KA1J oaaas IX

USA.KHB t N Manana Is
USA. KJESMesqUite NM
USA. KNlS AochOl Poin! AI(
USA KlBN Salilk CityUT
USA. KWHRNaalehu HI
USA. Voice 01America

1300-1400
1300-1400 mrenta
1300-1400
13001400
1300-133001
1300-1400 mtwnas
1300-140011
1300 1400
1300-1400
1300-1400
1300-1400
1300-1400 vl
1302-1400
131 5-1400 mtwhfa
1330-1359
1330-1359 mlwhfa
1330-1400
1330-1400
1330-1400
1330-140)0
1330-14'JO
13301400
1330,1400as
1330-1400
13301400
1335-1345
13451400

USA. WH'/tl Blmungnam Al

USA. WGTG McCaysville GA
USA. WHRI Noblesville IN
USA. WJCRUplon KY
USA. WRMIIR Miami Inti
USA. WSHBCypressCrk SC
USA. WSHBCypress Crk SC
USA, WWCR Nashville TN
USA, Wl'FROkeechobee Fl
Zambia Christian Voice
Zambia Nail BC Corp
Zimbabwe, ZimbabweBC
USA.WYFR Okeechobee Fl
Bhutan. Bhutan BCService
Canada, R Canada lntl
Canada, R Canada Inti
China. Heilongjiang PBS
Guam. AWR/KSOA
India. All India Radio
Netherlands. Radi o
Sweden. Radio
UAE, RadiODubar
USA. WRM ltR Miami lntl
Uzbekistan. R Ta shkent
Vietnam, Voice 01
Greece, Voice 01
Vatican State. VaticanR

5990"
15310as
5965",
l 1160me
15485eu
17705eu
SalOam

151 85as

1783Qeu

11940.11
21660.11
6195as

15-$20.11

17830af

9740as

11750<15

941lJeu
12095eu
15575eu

9515na
15220am
176-$Deu

976O<1s

11715as

6195am
11865na
15565eu

9355.1s
11715.1m

7365<,
7510am
993Qas
61603s
1516O<1s
74251\3

11565pa
9645as
154253s

74_ ""'"

"""'m
6Q.IIl.>m

15745eu

15105am
13595na

9955<>
..,,'"'

11660am
9475am
11830na
6065al
6165do
4828do
11550as
503Odo
9535as
17820va
4840do
9650as
9545as
9890as
13740as
1363Deu
9955ca
7285as
984creu
9395eu
13765au

12160am
11 910na

13845am
13695na

15685am
11750na

11795as

11935cu

15325eu

11620as
15585as
15240am
13675eu

13710as

6265do
5012do

9115as
12020as
11130na
15540au

17515au
15395eu

21605eu

15295as
15010as
15175eu

15630eu

17775as

SELECTED PROGRAMS . . .
Sundays

Tuesdays

1300
1300
1300
1300
1305
1305
1305
1312
1318
1330
1330
1330

1300 Romania, Radio Romania Inn: Radio Ilewsreel.

1300 Australia. RadiO: RANews.
1300 Germany, Deutsche reie kcm. The Overcomer Broadcast
1300 Philippines, FEBC: Ilews Insight.
1310 Brazil. Radiollrns: Brazilian Reporter.
1315 Romania, Radio Romania InU: Business Club.
1315 Australia, Radio: ThePlanet(Part 1).
1325 Romania. Radio RomaniaInU; Inside Romania.
1331 Romania, Radio Romania Inll : Romarian tneratcre.
1338 Netherlands. Radio: Newsli~ .
1341 Romania, Radio Romania Inll: Romarian Hits.

czech Rep, Radio Plague News.

USA, I(JESMesquile NM: ReligiousCIJ,mbng.

USA, KNlS Arlctlor PoinIAK: MusiclNewsICommentary.
Singapore,R Sinoapor8 InU: News.
Czech Rep.Radio Plague: The Week in Politics.
Australia.Radio: Counlry Club (Part 2).
Switzerland. SWJSS Radio Inti: Newsnet
Czt~ Rep, Radio Prague-From tileWeeklies.
Czech Rep, Radio Prague Media Check.
Ecuador, HCJBQuito (amI: Mountain Meditations.
Sweden, Radio: Sounds Nordic (214).
UAE, Radio Dubai: News.
1330 Net:lerlancls. Radio: Nev.'S
1331 tletle rlands, RadiO: Sincerely Yours
1345 China... CI\ilIa RadtoInU: Voices Irom O1tIer Lands.
1354 Vatcan State. VallCilllRadio: On-the-Air.
1355 Ne1l'lertands. RadIO: Sounds Interesting.

Mondays
1300
1300
1300
1306
1308
1310
1311
1315
131 5
1330
1330
1332
1338
1339
1340
1340
1353

Romania. Radio Romania InU: Radio Newsreel.

Canada, RCI Montreal: cac Radio News

Phi.ppines, FEBC: flewsInsioht.
Canada. RCI Montreal: This Morning.
Turkey, Voice of: Trf,3sul e:jPortraits
Brazi l. Radiobras: Brazilian Reporter.
CzechRep. Radio Prague: Ma ~ ne '98.
Romania, RadiORomania Ind: Pro Memoria
Australia, RadiO: The Planet (Part1).
canada, RCI Montreal: RCI News.
NelMrlands. Radio: News.
Russia, Voice 01: Audio Book Club.
Netherlands, Radio: Newsline.
Canada, RCIMontreal: scecirum.
Romania, Radio Romania Inll: RomanianItineraries.
Philippines, FEBC: Computer Comer.
Netherlands, Radio: gesearen File

Wednesdays
1300
1300
1300
1305
1310
1312
1315
1315
1330

1330
1338

1340
1346

CzechRep, Rad'o Prague: NeVIS

Romania, Radio Romania InU: RadiOIl evr.>reel.
Australia. Radio:RA News
Switzerland. Swiss RadiOInll: Newsnet
Brazil, Radiobras: Brazilian Reporter.
emh Rep, Rad0 Pra9ue: FromIheArchives.
Romania, Radio Romania InU: Society_
Philippimrs, FEBC : FEBCOX Dial.
Sinoapore, R SingaPOle Inti: News.
Canada.. RCI Montreal: RCI News
Nethertaoos, Radio: Newsline.
Philippines, FEBC : Computer Corner.
Sweden. Radio: MoneyMatters.

Thursdays
13!X1
1300
1305
1305
1306
1310
1315
1315
1325

Romania, Radio Romania Inti: Radio Newsreel.

Australia, Radio: RANews.
Singapore, R SinQapore InU: Slnga-Pop.
Switzerland,Swiss Radio Inll: Newsnet.
Canada. RCIMontreal: This Morning
Brazil, Radioblas: Brazilian Reporter.
Romania. Radio Romanialnlt: Cil izens of the Same Country
Auslralia, Radio, The Planet (Part 1).
Romania, Radio Romania InU: Romanian Musicians.

1335 Romania. Radio Romania Inll: Partnersin a ChanoinoWOOd.

1335 Singapore, R Singapore Inti: E-Z Beat.
1338 t1etherlands, Radio: Newsline.
1339 Canada, RCI Montreal: Specltum
1352 Netherlands, RadiO: Media Network.

Fridays
1300 Romania. RadIORomania InU: RadIO Newsreel.
1300 Australia. RadIO: RANews.
1306 Canada.. RCI Montreal: ThISMorning
131 0 Brazil, Radiollras: araanan Reporter.
1315 Romania, RadiORomania InU:A Time lortne Fulure
131 5 Austra!ia. Radio: ThePlanet (Part1).
1325 Roma~ ia, Radio Romania Ind: The Sky1ark.
1325 RUSSia. VOiCe 01: NewsandViews.
1330 Singapore. R Sil1Q3-POre InU; News.
1335 Romania. RadiORomania InU: list eners' t enertcx
1335 Singapore, R Singapore Inll: EZ Beat
1338 Netherlands, Radio: Newsline.
1352 Romania. RadiORomanial nU; Thelis teners Club.

Saturdays
1300
1300
1300
1304
1305
1305
1315
1320
1325
1330
1332
1337
1340
1348

Czech Rep. Radio PlaQue: News.

1355

Netherlands. Radio: Weekend.

Romania, Radio Romania InU: Radio Newsreel.

Russia.Voice01: News..
CzechRep, Radio Prague: t ers Go.
Singapore. R SI/lgapore InU: Chartlleal.
Switzerland. SWISSRadiOfnt t Newsnet.
Romania, RadiORomamaInU: World 01Cullure.
China, China RadiOInll: Chinese Folktales.
China, China Radio InU: The Cooking Show
China, ChinaRadio lnU: China Scrapbook.
Russia, Voice01: A Christian Message from Moscow.
Romania, aenc Romania InU: Inside Romania
P h i li p ~ nes , FEBC: Computer Corner.
Romania, RadiORomania InU: Bucharestalong tne

cemunes.

Oaooer 1998

MONITORING TIMES

51

FREQUENCIES

AngUiIIa.caribbean Beacon
Au$1.ahoi. Radio

14{)O- 15OO
14{)O-15oo

. . . . .. .. .

... . .

1400-1500 vl
1400-1500 vi
14001500 vi
14()().1500 vl

Australl.1. VL8A Alice Spg

Australia. Vl8K Katherine
Australia. Vl8T Tent erk
Canada.
N Quebec Svc

1400-1500

Canada. CfRXIoromo
Canada. CFVP Calgary

cae

1400,1500
140().1500
14001500
14001500
14001500 s
14001500

Canada. CHNX Halifax

Canada, CKl N SI John's
Canada. CKZUVancouver
Canada. R Canada Inll
China, China Radi o Inll

1400 t 5oo
14Ql). 1500
14oo 15OOas
14()(). 1500
1400-1500
14(1).1430s
14()().15OQ
14(1).1 500
1400-1500
1400,1430
14()().1500
14()().lSOO
1400-1500
1400-1500
1400-1SOO vi
1400-1500irrCfJ
1400 1430
14()(H 500vl
1400-1500
14001500 cccsnar
1400 141[)
1400 1500as
14()(H SOO vl

Costa Rica,RFPeace Inll

Ecuador.HCJB
EQI Guinea. REast Alrica
France. RadiOFrance Inti
Germany. Sunrise RadiO
Germany. Universal Lite
Germany.Overcomer MlniStr
India, A11 lndra Radio
Ireland, Unl Christian BC
Israel. Kol lsrael
Japan. RJapanINHKWor1d
Jordan. Radio
Kenya. Kenya Broadc Corp
Malaysia, RadiO
MalaYSI2. Ri M KuchinO
Malaysia.RiM KotaKinabalu
Mexico. RadiO Mexico Inti
Namibia, NBC
Netherlands, Radio
New Zealand. RNZ loll
Pakistan. Ra dio
Palau. KHBtiNoice 01Hope
Papua flewGUinea. NBC

11775am

5995",
9660",

602Dpa

6080as

958""

231Odo
248Sdo

9535as
15125al

15115am

21455am

15405as

1756Oa1

9955...
13810me

954'"

15625pa
1162025

9505na

15&4Ona
11730as

6200do
12535eu
11690eu
4935<10
7295do
4895do
598Odo
5985na
4930al
9B90as
6100pa
9650as
99B5as
4890do

14()().1455as

S Africa. Channel Africa

Sinoapo,e,RCorpSingapore
Sri l anka. Sri LankaBe
Switzerland. Swiss R InU

1400-1500

Tanzania. Radio
Thallancl. Radio
UK, BBCAfrican Service

14001500

UK, BBCAsian Service

14001500

UK, BBCWorldService

1400 1500
14001500
14(XHSOO
14QO.l500
1400,1500

USA. KAIJ Oallas

USA. lUES Mesquite NM
USA, KlBN salt Lk City UT
USA. KWHR Naalehu HI
USA.Voice01Amenca

14001430

13650am
7405na
11825as

rx

13710as

11880al

716Oc1o
9705na
496521
15585as
11570me

9700as

Philippines, FEBCIR Inti

scsse.vcce ot RussiaWS

1400- 1500

1400-1500
14001500
1400-1500 vi

2325do
9625<10
6070do
603Odo
613Odo
616Odo
616Odo
11855am
7260as
9870al
6975am
12005ca
15186al
11910as
585lNa

1400-1500
14()().1500

.. . .

..... .

15170a!

14001500
\4[)(H SOO mtwhta
14001SOO
14lXH SOO
14001SOOa:s
1400-1500
14001500
1400-1405
1400-1500
14001500
14001500vi
1415, 1425
1430-1 500
1430 1500
1430-1500
14301500

USA.WEWN Birmingham Al
USA. WGTGMcCaysvil!eGA
USA. WHRI Noblesville IN
USA. WJCR Upton KY
USA. WRMVRMiami mn
USA. WWCR flashville iN
USA. WYFR OkeechoDee Fl
vatcanStare. vancan R
Zambia. Chrislian Voice
Zambia, Nail BCCorp
Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe BC
Nepal. Radio
eusuaua. Radio
Guam, AWRlKSDA
Mongolia. Voice 01
Myanmar, Radio

""'" ""oas

497535

zsioas

lUi55as

12025as

15510as

17S7aas

944531
615Odo
973Das
9575as
505Qdo
965535
6190al
2166Oa!
5990as
15310as
9410eu
15220na
17640eu
13815am
11715am
751Dam
9930as
6160as
976lbs
15425as
9455na

17675af

ll87CaI

473035

" oo.m
604",m

15425as
15265as
983Das
1194Daf

17830al

2149Oa1

6195as

9740as

11750as

9515na
I 5485eu
17705eu

11865na
I 5565eu
17840am

t2095eu
15575eu

11565pa
7t25as
15160as

i2 15as
15255va

9645."

11875na

15745eu

,,-

15105am
13595na

9475am
11502as
13765au

12160am
11830na
15540au

1190535

1400
1400
1400
1400
1400
1400
1405
1405
1405
1415
141 5
1419
1430

1433
1439
1445
1454

Israel, KoIIsrael: N~ .
France. Radio France InU: News.
Australia, Radio: RA News.
Canada. RCI Montreal: CBe Radio News.
EoJalIor, HCJBOuilO (am): TheUrban Allemative.
Jordan, RadiO: l ist! ners' ChOICe.
Australia, Radio: Other Worllls (Part 1).
Canada, NQuebec Svc:Sunday Morning (2ndhour).
Switzerland. SwissRadIO InU: Newsoet.
Thailand. Radio: Travel Thailand,
Switzerland. Swiss RadiO Inti: Sounds Good (315).
France. Radio
lnU: Asia File.
Switzerland, SwissRadio Inti: Renl!elVO!IS with
Switzerland.
France, Radio FranceInti: Club 9516.
Netherlands, RadiO: Wide Angle.
Philippines, FEBC: Sound Words,
Netherlands, Radio: Siren Song.

sranee

Mondays
1400
1400
1400
1405
1405
1415
1420
1425
1430
1432
1434
1438
1445
1445
1450

MeXICO, RMexicoInU: Antenna Radio Summary.

France, Radfo France InU: News,
Australia, Radio: RA News.
Auslralia, Radio: The P1anellPart 2}.
Switzerland, SWiss Radio InU: Newsnel.
Thailand. Radio: Tr,wel Thailand.
India, AllIndia RadiO: PressReview.
India, An India Rallo: DX-ers Cotner (214).
Netherlands. Radio: News.
France, Railio franceInti: RAEurope.
China,China RadiOInti: Cllangzhou Repons.
Netherlands, Radio: Newsline.
France, RadioFranceInti: Arts in France.
China.ChinaRadio Inti: IdiomsandTheir Stories.
Prance. Radio f ranceInti: InsiQllt

!lJo~~~oI
1srael: flews_
1400 Mexico. RMexico Inti: AntennaRadio Summary.
1400
1400
1400
1400
1405
1405
1415
1426

52

Thailand, Radio: Thai Culture.

Anguilla, Caribbean Beacon: WOf1d UniversityNelWort.
Auslralia. Radio: RA News.
Swrtrertand, Swiss Radio Inti: News.
Australia. Radio: The P1anel l Part2 j,
Switzerland, Swiss Radio Inti: Newsnet.
Thailand, Radio: Travel Thailand,
France, Radio Francelnll: Review 01theFrench
Newspapers.

MONITORING TIMES

October ' 998

1430
1437
1438
1446

Switzerland. Swiss RadiO Inti: RendezVO\lS with Svntzerland.

France. Radio France Inti: Discovery
Netherlanlls, Radio: Newsline.
France, RadioFranceInti:la nd 01France

~:d~~~~
Vatican Radio: Wha: Can I Oo?
1400 France, Radio France Inti: News.
1400
1400
1400
1405
1415
1426
1430
1432
1434
1438
1439
1452
1454

Australia, Radio: RANews.

India, All IndiaRadio: Radio Newsreel,
Japan, Radio: News.
SWItzerland, SwissRadio Inti: Ntwsnel
Japan, Radio: 44 Minutes.
France, Radio FranceInti: Review ettne FrenchNewspapeffi.
Switzerland. SwissRadio Inti: Rendez-vous withSwillerland.
France, Radio FranceInti: FranceTocIay,
France, Radio FranceInll: Powerand Policy.
Netherlands, Radio: Newsline.
France, RadioFrance Inll: RFI Europe,
Japan, Radio: Tumbling Dice.
Netherlands. Radio: Sounds Interesting

1438
1454

13845am
11970na

6<J6'"
6165do
4828do
5005do
9500as
9385as
972l1ls
5986do

6265do
5012do
7165do
11660as
12085as

NelheflarKls. Radio: Newsline.

Ne1heflands, Radio: Documentary.

Saturdays
1400
1400
1400
1400
1405
1405
141[)
1420
1423
1430

1431
1438
1440
1454
1455

Israel, KoI lsrael: News.

Thailand, RadiO: Thai Culture.
France, Radio France Inti: News.
Auslralia, Radio: Radio National News.
Canada, " Quebec Svc: Basic alack.
Switzerland.SwissRadio Inti: Newsnel.
Israel. KoIl srael; The Week in Review
South Alrica, Channel Alrica: th is is Your World.
France, Radio FranceInti; Focus onf rance,
Sifitzerland, Swiss Radio Inti: gencez-vous ""tll
Switzerland.
France, RadioFrance Intl: Spotlight on Alrica.
Nether1ands. Radio: Newsline.
Philippines, FEBC: Mailbao.
Netlleflands, Radio: Roughly Speaking.
Philippines, FEBC: FEBC OXOial.

Thursdays
1400
1400
1400
1400
1405
1405
1425
1433
1438
1439
1447
1450
1453

VaticanSlate, VaticanRadio: POSltards fromRome.

Meli co. R Mexico Inti: AntennaRadio Summary.
France, Rad:o f ranceInti: News.
Australia. Radio: RA News.
Australia. RadiO: ThePlanet(Part l) .
Switzerland, SwissRadio InU: Newsnel.
France, RadIO France tnu: Review enne French Newspape..,.
France, Rad;o f rance Inti: The BottomLine.
Ne1l'ler1ands. Radio:Newsline.
France, Rad:o f rance Inti: Planet Earth (biweekty)
France. Ral!:oFrance Inti: letter from iI listener.
France. Rad'O France Inl/: NCIrthISoulh (biweeldy).
Netherlands. Radio: ResearchFile

Fridays
1400
1400
1400
1400
1400
1405
1405
141 3
1415
1426
1434

Israel.KoIlsrael; News.
Mexico. RMexico Inl1: Antenna RadiO SUmmary.
Thailand, Radio: Bangkok Vibrations.
France,RadIO FranceInti: News.
Australia, Radio: Radio National News.
Australia. Radio; The Planet\part 2).
Switzerland, Swiss Radio Int: Newsnet
Israel, Kollsrael:Current Cullural Events In Israel.
Thailand. Radio: TravelThailand
France. RadiOFrance InU: Review 01theFrench Newspapefs,
France. Radio France Inti: Weekend.

15395as

995500

SELECTED PROGRAMS
Sundays

.. .

_._ ---- - .::- .. ...

. ~-

-I -

:~~~~==.~~

15685am
17750na

. . ..... . .

.. .

fREQUENCIES
15001600
15OCH600

AngUllla,Canbbean Beacon
AUSlralta. Radio

1500 1600 ill

151XH600 oil

Australia. \'LBA Alice Spg

AuSlra113. \'lBK Katherine
Auslral13. VL8T tent Crk
Canada.
N Quebec Svc
canada. CFRX ToronlO
canada. CFVP Calgary

150[H600 ....
150IH 600 'i1

11775am

cae

15001600
150().l600
15001600

Canada. CHNXtlahlax
Canada, CKlNSIJonns

150CH600
1500-1600
1500-1559 s
15001600
1500-1600
1500-1600
15OO160I)as
15001600
15001600
15001600
1500-1 600
1500-1600
1500-1600
15001600
15001510
15001600
15001600 ineg
15OlJ 1530 smtwla
1500 1600
150016OQ vt
1500-1525
15001600occsnat
15001600
1500,1557

Canada. CKlU Vancouver

canada, R tanadaIntI
China, Chllla RadiOInti
CostaRICa,RF Peace Inll
tcuaccr, HCJB
EQt GUInea. R East Alra
Gemuny, Sunnse RadIO
GeHnany,Overcomer MJOlStr
Guam. TWRlKTWR
Ireland,Unt cnosnan BC
Japan. RJaoanINHK World
Jorden, Radio
Kenya, KenyaBroadc Corp
l iberia.lCNIR l iberia Inl
MalaySia, Radio
Malaysia,RTMKolaKinabalu
Mexico, Radio Mexico Inti
Myanmar, RadiO
Namibia, NBC
Nethertancs. Radio
New Zealand. R trzmn
Nigeria, Voice 01
North Korea. R Pyongyang

15oo1530s
15oo 1530 a5
15001600 vl
15001600

Norway, Radro NOIway Inll

Palau, KHBNN oice Hope
Papua New Guinea. NBC
Phllippmes. FEBC

0'

5995pa
95110pa
23lOda
24B5do

6020P3
9660..

50""',
116603s

1500-1600

,,-

6975am

izoosea

Russia.Voice 01 Russia WS

950035
1500-1530
1500-1530 twllia
1500-1545sm
1500-1600

2325do
9625do
607Odo
603Odo
613Qdo
616Odo
6160<10
11855am

.. . .. ... .

1500-1600
1500-1600
1500-1600 vi

1500-1600

S Alrica, Ctlannel Africa

sevetenes. fEBA Radio
Seychelles. FEBA Radio

21455am

1500-1600

UK,BBC World Service

97503s

1500-1600
1500-1600
1500-1600
1500 1600

USA. KAIJ Dallas TX

USA. KTBN Sa" l k City UT
USA. KWHR Naalehu HI
USA. Voice01 AmeriCa

1500 1600
1500 1601) mtwhla
1500 1600
15001600
1500-1600as
1500-1600
15001600
1501H 502
1500-1600vi
15001600
1500 1600
15oo 1600v l
1530 1600
1530 1600
1545, 1600
1545-1600

USA. WE WNBirmingham AL
USA.WGTG Mccaysville GA
USA. WHRI Noblesville IN
USA, WJCAUpton KY
USA. WRMIIR Miami Inti
USA, WWCR Nashville TN
USA, WYFR Okeechobee FL
USA.WYFROkeechobee FL
vencanState. Vatican R
zambia. Christian Voice
zambia. Natl BC Corp
Zimbabwe, Zimbab we BC
Guam, AWRtKSOA
Iran. VOIRI
Albania. RTIrana Inti
Israel. Kol lsrael

15186a1
1562503

72_

9505na

11690eu
4935do
5100do
7295do
5980do
5985na
5986do
4930al
9890as
6100pa
7255a'
3560ca
13650va
13800va
9985as
4890do
11995as

117303s

9705na
4965.31
15585as
15120al
9640al

9975me

11 735sa

1)470me

15540me

l7SSOme

7130me
11775me

944531

nseoas
""""

615Odo

5850'<,
13810me
1533O<1s
6200do

11500as

9730as

UK, SBC Asian Service

151253'

4975me

Sri Lanka. Sri lanka Be

Taiwan. Voice of Asia
Tanzania. RadIO
UK. SBC Afncan Service

1500-1600

987Da'

4940me

9915me

Slngapore.RCorp Singapore

1365&~

9785.3s
15050am
15115.3m

4730me

7325me

7445as
505Odo
619Oa1
1542Oa1
2166031
597Sas
9740as
941Qeu
12095eu
17705eu
13815.am
15590am
9930as
611O.:1s
9645as
15255va

15425as

11860af
17830a1
5990as
117503s
95150a
15220m
17840am

~ 55na

11565Ila
6160as
9700rne
15395<1s
11875na

9400am
13760am
7490na

15105am
13595na

1194031

t 5400a1

21470a'

21490.11

61953s
153103s
1186503
15485eu

71353s
1204Deu
15575eu

7125.3s
9760as

7215.3s
15205va

15745eu

99,5ca
9475am
11830na
11550as
13765va
6065al
6t65do
4828(10
11980as
7215as
11734eu
11605eu

12160am
17750na

13845am

15685arn

15500va
6265do
5012do
11775as
12084eu
15650na

13605me
17515na

SELEaED PROGRAMS
Sundays
1500
1500
1503
1505
1520
1525
1530
1535
1545
1545
1550

Australia, RadiO; RANews.

Ecuador, HCJBQUIto (am): Encounter
Jordan, Radio: usieners' Choice.
Australl3., RadiO: Qther Worlds (Part2).
China. ChinaRadiO Inll: ChinaSnapshots.
cnma. China Racllo InU: Report onDeveloping ccuones.
PhillPPlf'les, FEBC: Guidelines.
China. ChinaRadio Inll: SofIQ 01theWeek,
China. ChinaRadio InU: Voiceslrom Other tares.
Israel, Kat Israel: News.
vatcan Slate. varcan Radio: FocusontheChurch.

Mondays
1500
1500

Australll, Radio: RA 'lews.

Jordan, RadiO: NewsSummary

1500
1505
1520
1525
1530
1530
1530
1534
1545

USA. YM CR 13 NashvilleTN: USARadioNews.

Australia, Radio: AsiaPacnc.
China, ChinaRadio Inll: Cuffenl Aflairs.
China. ChinaRadioInll : Press Clippings.
China. ChinaRacio Inll: China's OpenWIndOWS.
Australia. Radio: The Health Report.
Phdippines. FEBC : WorldNewsUpdate_
China. China Ralio InU: Changzhou Reports.
China. ChinaRadio Inll: Idiomsand Their Stores.

Tuesdays
1500
1500
1500
1511
1515
1520
1525
1530
1530
1534
1539
1545
1545
1545

Australia, RadIO: RANews.

Japan. Radio: News
USA, Voice 01 MeriCa: News
China. ChinaRad 0 Inll: Newsabou1 China.
Japan, RadiO: Top NewsAsia_
China. China RadiO InU: Cuff!nl Affairs.
Japan. Radio: Let's Learn Japanese.
Philippines. FEBC : WorldNewsUPdate
USA, Voice 01 AmeriCa: News(Special English).
Chma. China Radio InU: Press Clippings.
Chma. ChinaRadIO InU: Orient Arena.
China. ChlRa Radio Inll: Voices from Other lands.
USA, \YWCA 11 Nashville TN:WlSoom from eewee.
Israel. KOIlsrael: News.

Wednesdays

':=::.- -- _. .__ ._ ._ _ ._ ._. __..

~_

.__..
.. .._..._-_
_...--_._._--_
._-----._..,...=
-- - -

' f.f@:~
=:t
-::: ::':1:~:.==.:-==~~:z.;.~.::::-:.
,
, -

- _ . _ -

- .

- - _ .

::S:;;'=--::;~ ~;.:::;::;;";:;;.=':':.-:.:.~..:.;:=:-~ :.-

.,-'

. ~

1500
15().1
1506
1511
152D
153D
1530
1535
1550
1555

USA, YM(R 13 Nashville TN: USARadIO News

Jordan. RadIO: The MIX.
USA. WWCR 13 Nashville TN: Freedom's Call (live).
China. China Radio InU: NewsaboutChina.
China, ChinaRadio lnll: Current A1tairs.
Australia. Radio: The ReligionReport
Philippines. FEBC : WorldNews Update.
Philippines, FEBC : TheWay 10 Lile.
Vatican State,Vatican Radio: News 01 theChurch.
Vatican Slate,Vatican Radio: Mailbox.

Thursdays
1500
1500
1500

Japan. Radio: News.

Jordan, RadiO: News Summary
USA, WWCR 13 NashvilleTN: USA Radio News.

1503 Jordan, Radio: Counlry Music,

1506 USA, WWCR 13 NashvilleTN: Freedom's ta ll (live).
1515
1525
153D
1550

Japan, Radio: TopNewsAsia.

Ecuador.HCJBQuito (am): Joni andrnencs.
PhiUppines. FEBC: Wol1d NewsUpdate.
Vatican Slate, VaticanRadio:UnitedNationsRadio.

Fridays
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1S04
1511
151 5
152tl
153D
1533
1535
1537
1544
1550

fSexiCO. RMexiCO hill: UniversalForum.

Japan, Radio: News..
Jordan. Radio; rlewsSummary.
Guam. TWRIKTWR: Words of Hoptl.
USA. \YWCR 13 Nashville TN: USA Radio News.
Jordan. Radio: Country MUSiC.
China.. China RadioInti: Nl!WS abOul China.
Japan,Radio: Top NewsAsia.
China, China Radio Inll: Current Affairs_
Phitippines, FEBC; Wol1d NtwS Update.
China.ChinaRadio tnll: PressClippings
Philippines, FEBC: The W~ to Ule
China, China. Radio lnlt: Lilein China.
China. China Radio tnn. Global R~ew.
Vatican State, Vatican Radio: Newsl romtheAfrican
Church.

saturdays
1500
1500
1500
1500
1505
1506
152Q
153D
1530
1530
1530
1535
1545
1549
1550

Canada, N QuebecSvc: CBCRadio News.

Ecuador. HCJB Quito (am): Words 01Hope.
Germany, Deutsche Telekom: TheOvertomer Broadcast
Jordan, Radio: NewsBulletin.
Canada, NQuebec Svc: Basic Black,
USA. Voice 01America: AllAbout EngliSh.
China, ChinaRadio lnU: Chinese Folktales.
China, China Radio Inti: ChinaScrapbook.
Canada, NQuebecSvc: The areat Northern.
Philippines, FEBC: World Newsusdate.
USA, Voice 01America: News(Special El1fIliSh).
China, ChinaRadio InU: MusicfromChina.
USA, WWCR 11 NashvilleTN: Words 01Hope,
Jordan, Radio: Music,
Va tican Slate, VaticanRadio: Mass in Eoolish.

Ocfober 1998

MONITORING TIMES

S3

FREQUENCIES.

.. .

Algeria. R Algiers InU

Angullla,CarlbbeanBeacon
Australia.RadiO

1600-1700

1600-1700
1600-1700

1600-1700111

1600-1700vi
1600-1700 vi
16001700 vi
16001700
16001700
16001700

9580pa
2310<:10

Australia. '1l8AAlice Spo

Australia. Vl8K Kathenne
AuSlralia. VlSi Tent e,k

16001606

15160me
602llpa
966llpa

50"'""

11660a5

'5000,

2485do

16001700
1600-1700
16001700
1600-1700as
1600-1627
1600-1700
1600-1700

Canada. CSC NQuebec Svc

Canada. CFRX Toronto
Canada. CFVPCalgary
Canada. CHNXHalifax
Canada. CKZtl Sl John's
Canada, CKlUVancouver
China, China Radio Inll
Costa Rica. AdvWorld R
Czech Rep, RadiO Praque
Ettucpia. Radio
France. Radio FranceInll

1600165Q

Germany. Deutsche Welle

16001700
1601)-1700
1600-1 700
1600-1630
1600-1630
1600-1700
1600-1630
16001700
16001700
16001700
16001700 vi
16001650 0ccsnal
16001700
16001630 s
1600-1630
16001700v)
16001700

Germany. SunnseRadiO
Germany.OvercomerMlIllSIr
Guam. AVlRlKSDA
Guam. TWRlKTWR
Iran. VOIRI
I,eland.Unt t nnsnan
Jordan, RadiO
Kenya. Kenya BlOadc COIP
l ebanon. Voice 01Hope
Malaysia.RadiO
Namibia. NBC
New Zealand. R NZInti
tligena. Voice 01
Norway, RadiONorway inn
Pakistan. Radio
Papua NewGuinea, NBC
ausea.vcce 01Russia WS

1600-1625
16001700
160{J.1 700as
1600-1700
1600-1615
1600-1;00 vi
1600-1645
1600-1700

S Africa, Channel Alrica

Soutll Korea, R Korea inn
Sri Lanka S,i Lanka BC
Swaziland. T,ans WOIld R
SWitzerland. SWISS R InU
Tanzania. nenc
UAE. naco Dubai
UK BBC African Service

ac

11715.11
117i5.am
5995"

2325do
9625do

6070<10
6030da
6130do
6160<10
6160do
9560al
9725na
5930eu
7165al
1161 5al
15540al
61703s
9875as
5850va
6130eu
11980as
15330as
72153s
62lJ1ldo
11690eu
4935do

9620al
17485af
1170531
17SSQal
713031
1181031

12015al

1521031

; 225as
15145as

9735a1
21695a1

138Hlme

-562503

117753s

-3605me

4965al
15120al
15340na
11570me

IB950va
15170al

17720al

11775me

11850me

12065me

9515va
15425as

3B70as

152653s
13675eu
619031
2147031

15395eu
15400.11
2166Oa1

21605eu
17705a1

UK. B8C Asian Service

3915.15
716035

1600,1700

UK. BBC World servce

941Qeu

1600-1700
16O().1700

USA, KAUDallasTX

15575eu
13815am
15590am

1600-1700

USA, KWHR Naalehu HI

USA, Voice01 America

1600-1700

9960m,
7295<10
493031
6100pa
7255al
13800va
965Qas
4890do
9675me
15540me
600QaI
5975as
97303s
950Ual
95753s
SOSOdo
13630eu
3255a1
1783Oa1

. ... . .

. .

USA. KlBNSalll kCItyUT

1600-1700
1600-1700 rmwnta
1600-1700
1600-1700
1600-1700
1600-1700 mlwhl
1600-1700 a
16001700
1600-1700

USA, WEWN Birmingham AL

USA, WGTG McCaysville GA
USA, WHR I Noblesville IN
USA, WJCR upton KY
USA, WMLK Bethel PA
USA, WRNONew Orleans LA
USA. WSHBCYPlessCrt SC
USA. WWCR Nashville TN
USA. WYFR OkeechobeeFL

1600-1610 a
1600-1630
1600-1700
t 6()(}1700
1600-1630 vi
16061615

vatcanState, vancan R
Vietnam. VoiCe 01
Zambia, ChriShan VOice
zambia. Natl Be Corp
Zimtatlwe. ZImbabwe Be
UK. BBCAsian Servce

1606-1615 mlwhl
16151645 as
1615,1645
16151700

UK. BBCAsian servce

UK,BBCAl ricanservice
UK. BBCAlrican Service
UK, BBCAsian Service

16151700as
16151630

UK, BBCWorld Service

Vatican Stale. vancan R

16301700
t 6301655
16301657
16301700
16301700 a
1630-1700
16300 1700 vi
1645-1700
1645-1700
16500 1700
165(}.1700 mlwhl

Austria, RAustl ia Inll

Belgium, R vnanoeren lnt
Canada, RCanadaInti
Egypt. Radio Cairo
Germany. urwersat ute
Slovakia, R Slovakia Inti
Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe BC
TaJikislan. RDushanbe
UK. BBCAtritan Servce
EqlGuinea. Radio Al rita
NewZealand. R NZ inn

5975.15
9i 40as
9515n3
17840am

sma,

6195as

11750as
12095eu

153tOas
15485eu

6 1603s

7125as
9760as

,,30.>,

6035al
72153S

6110as
9645as

13600al
15255va
17895al
11875na
9400am
13760am
7490na
9465am
15420am
18930al
9475am
11705113
17750113
13765va
9840eu

13710al
1539535

333""

6165do
4828do
39153s
117503s

S99Oa,
1186031
15420al
391 5as
97403s
9515na
4005eu
llBl 0eu
6155eu
5910eu
6140as
15255al
12015al
5920eu
3306<10
7245as
11860.11
15186al
6145pa

gloome
15205va
15410al

1522531
15445al

12160am
11 830na
21 525va
15500va
12010eu
4965al
6265do
5012do
597535

13845am
15695va

15685am
17555va

61953s

153103s

5975as
11 7503s

7160as

9510as

5BB3eu

7250eu

9645eu

llB55me
7290eu
i1 50as

t 3710as

13730va

6055eu
4828do

734Seu

13615na
15105am
135950a

150tOeu

7160as

97403s

1542031

SELECTED PROGRAMS . .

~JM1d:l~n
State. vancanRadiO: The Backgrounder.
1600 Australia. Radio: RA
N~

1600 France. Radio France Inti: News.

1605 Switzerland, Swiss Radio IntI: Newsnet.
1605 Australia, Radio: The aaucnaunterest
1606 Germany. Deutscheweue: ReligionandSociety.
1610 Cosla Rica, AWR: SCience News.
1616 Germany. Deutsche Welle: Arts on the Air,
1619 France, RadioFrance Inti: Asia File.
1630 CostaRica. AWR:TheQuiet Hour.
1630 France. RadiO France Inti: NewsHeadlines.
1630 USA, Voice01America: News (Special English).
1633 France. Radio FranceInll: Club 9516.
1640 USA. Voice 01America: Words and their Stories(Special
English).
1645 USA. Voice01 America: People in America(Special English).

Mondays

1600 Australia. RadiO: RANews

1600 France. Radio France InU: News.
1602 Vatican State. Vatican Radio: News.
1605 Switzeltand, Swiss fl.adiO InU: Newsnet.
1605 Australia. gaoc : Music 0tIi.
1606 USA. Voiceof America: AllAboutEngliSh.
1625 France. Radio FIance Inll: Review 01 the French Newspapers.
1630 France, Radio fiance Inti: News Headlines
1631 France, Radio FIance InU: Sports Magazine.
1632 France. Radio fiance InO: RFIEUlope.
1641 France. Radio fia nceInll: NewsSummary
1645 France. Radio FIanceInll: AIls in France.
1650 France. Radio France Inti: Insight

Tuesdays

1600 Australia. Radio: RANews.

1600 France. Radio France Inll: News.
1600 USA. KTBNSalt lk City UT:TheMusic 01Praise
1602 Vatican Slate. VaticanRadio: News

54

MONITORING TIMES

Dc fabO' / 998

1605
1610
1615
1615
1626
1631
1636
1641
1645
1648

Switzerland, SwiSS RadIO Inti: aewsnet.

Jordan, Radio: ClassicalGems.
UAE_Radio Dubai: Music.
varcansuie. Vatican Radio: News
FIance, Radio France Inti: Review ()I theFrench Newspapers.
France. Radio France Inti: Books.
FIance, Radio FranceInti: la nd01France.
France, Radio FranceInU: NewsHeadlines.
France, Radio France Inti: letter 110ma listener.
France, Radio France Inll: Drumbeat.

Wednesdays
1600
1602
1605
1606
1626
1630
1632
1634
1639
1644
1645
1647
1650

France, RadiOFrance Inti: News.

Vatican Slate, VaticanRadio: News.
Switzerland. SwissRadio Inti: Newsnel
Germany. Deutsche Welle: NewsLJnk.
France, Radio FranceInti: Review of lheFrench Newspapers.
FIance, Radio FranceInti: NewsHeadlines.
FIance, RadiOFrance Inti: France Today.
France. Ralio FranceInll: Power andPolicy.
Fiance, Radio France Inti: RA Europe.
France, Radio France Inti: NewsSummary,
USA, WWCR#1 NashvilleTN: The Living Word B'oadcast .
Flllllce. Radio FranceInti: tener110m a usiener.
Fiance, Radio FranceInll: Land 01 srarce.

Thursdays

1600 France, Radio France Inti: flews.

1600 USA, KTBN sail U: City UT: The MusiC01Praise.
1605 Switzerland. Swiss Radio InU: aeesnet.
1605 Australia. Radio: Hindsight
1610 USA. WoNCR #1NashvilleTN: Outdoor TIps.
1626 France, Radio Fiance Inti: Review01 theF,ench Newspapers.
1630 France, Radio FIance lnU: SportsMagazine.
1632 France, Radio France lntt ReachOut.
1639 France, Radio Franc! Inll: NewsHeadlines.
1642 France, Radio FIanceInU: Echoes trcmAfrica

1648

France, RadIO France Inti: Discovery.

Fridays
1600 valicanState, Vatican Radio: Mass in English
1600 Jordan, Radio: News Bullelin.
1600 France, Radio FranceInti: News.
1600 USA, Kl BN salt lk City UT:The Music 01 Prase.
1600 USA, WYFR Okeechobee FL (salelliteNell : UNI News.
1602 vauean State, Vatican Radio: News.
1605 Switzerland, SwissRadio lnl!: Newsnet.
1626 f rance, Radio France InU: Review01the Frellch Newspapers.
1631 France. Radio FranceInti: fi lm Reel.
1637 France, Radio FranceInti: Drumbeal.
1642 France, Radio FranceInti: News Headlmes,
1645 France, Radio France Jntl: t ener Irom a Listener.

saturdays

1600 Jordan, Radio: NewsBulletin.

1600 canada. N Quebecave CBCRadio News.
1600 Cost! Rica. AWR: SingIOfJoy.
1600 France, RadiO France Inti: News.
1604 USA, KWHR Naalehu HI: Turn Your RadiOOn.
1605 Switzerland, Swiss Radio Inll: Newsnet.
1606 Germany. Deutschewene: TaikiOll Poinl
1606 USA, Voice 01Am erica: AllAbout EOlII1sh.
1609 canada, N Quebec Svc: Ouin:sandQuarks.
1615 G!rmany. DeutscreWelle: Spectrum
1623 France, Radio France lnu. focuson France.
1626 FlaflCe, Radio France Inti: Review 01the FrenCh Newspapers
1630 USA. Voice 01 America. News(Special EngliSh).
1631 France, Radio FranceInll: Spotlight on Alrica
1631 Belgium. RvtaancerenInti: News.
1635 Belgium, Rvaaneeren InO: PlessReview.
1639 Belgium, RvtaanderenInti: Music from aaneers
1645 France. Radio France Inlt News Update.
1645 USA, Voiceof America: American Stories (Special English)
1648 France, Radio FranceInU: French Lesson.

FREQUENCIES . .
l]()().lBOO

1700-1 800
1 700- 1 800 ~ 1

17(1).1 BOO ~ I
17()(H 800 ~ 1

1700-1800 ~ I

17001800
17001800
1700-1800
17001800
17001600
17001800
17001800
1700-1727
1700-1800
1700-1800
1700-1730
17Q().. 1800
1700-1800
1700-1800
1700-1800

Angullla.Ca"lbbun Beacon
Australia. RadiO

Australia. VL8A AliceSPO

Australia. VL8K Katherine
Australia. Vl 8T Tent erk
canada. CBe N QuebecSvc
Canada. CFRX Toronto
Canada,CFVP Calgary
Canada. CHNX Hahtax
Canada. CKZN 51John's
Canada. CKZU Vancouver
China, China RadiOInll
Costa Rica,RF Peace Inti
Czech Rep, Radio Prague
Egypt. Radio Cairo
Eqt Guinea, Radio Atnca
France. Radio France Inti
Germany. SunriseRadIO
Germany.(h,ercomer Mlnlsl,
Ireland. unt ChristianBC
Japan. RJapanfNHK World

1700-1800
1700-1 800
17{)(}1800
1700-1800
1700-1751mlwhl
1700-1715 yl
1700-1800 VI
1700-1755
1700-1800
1700-1600

Kenya. KerrJ 3 BrGaOc COtp

l ebanon. Voice01Hope
liberia. Star RaOio
Malaysia. Radio
New Zealand. R NZ Inti
Palau. KHBNNoice01Hope
Papua uew Guinea. NBC
Poland. Pcts n RWarsaw
Romania. RRomaniaInti
Russia,Voiceof RussiaWS

1700-1730
1700-1800a
1700-1715 rntwn
1700-1800
1700-1800 vi
1700-1800

S Arrlca. Channel Alrica

Swaziland. Commercial R
Swaziland, Trans World R
Swaziland. Trans World R
Tanzania. Radio
UK. BBC Atncan Service

1700-1745

UK.BBC Asian Service

1700-1800

UK. BBC World Service

1700-16 0Ih~

UK. Merlm Nelwork One

USA. KAIJ Dallas TX
USA. Kl BNsail Lk CityUT
USA. KWHR Naalehu HI
USA. VOICe 01 America

1700-1800
1700-1600
1700-1800
1700-1800

1700-1800 mlwhl

USA. Voiceof America

1700-1800
1700-1800ITtwhla
1700-1600
1700-1800
1700-1800
17oo-1800mlwhl
1700-18001ha
1700-1800
1700-1800
1700-1800
1700-1800
1700-1800vi
1715-1745 vi
1715-1800
1730-1800
17301755
1730-1800
173(}1800
1730-1800
1730-1800
1730-1 800s
1730-1800 mlwtda
1730-1800s
1730-1800
17451800
17451800

USA. WEWN Birmingham AL

USA. WGTGMcCaysville GA
USA, WHRI Noblesville IN
USA, WJCR upton KY
USA, WMLK Bethel PA
USA, WRNONew OrleansLA
USA. WSHBCypress erk SC
USA. WWCR Nashville TN
USA. WYFR Okeechobee FL
Zambia. ChristianVoice
Zambia. Nail BC Corp
Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe BC
Palau. KHBtwoice01Hope
SwazllanO. TransWorld R
Ascension Is. RTE Radio
Belgium. RlJIaanderen Inl
Guam. AWRrKSOA
Nei lierlarnls. Radio
Philippines. R Prhpmas
S Africa, AWRAlnca
Sweden. RadIO
Sweden, naco
UK. BBCA$lo3n service
vatcen Slate. Valican R
Bangladesll. Bangia aeiar
India. All lnd;a Radio

1745-1800vi
1745-1800
17521800 Srllwh

Palau. KHBNoVoice of Hope

UK. BBC AsianService
New Zealand, R NZ Inti

..
11775Jm
5995p.a
11880pa
231Odo
2485do

608""

... . ... ..
9500a,

95fOpa

60l0do
6030do
6130do

61601:10
6160do
7405al
7365am
5930eu
15255al
15186al
11615al
585CM
6130eu
6200d0

609"'
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15355.11

957031
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9745al

1521031

15460.11

1191031

13810me
7110eu

9535n.1

98253s

493500

9960"",
588000
729500
6145p;1
9965as
489Odo
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9510eu
7445.11
11695eu
15240.11
615500
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9740as
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12095eu
15200eu
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15590am
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996",
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17885al
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13765011
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7410eu
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7285eu
1194Geu
9740eu
15540ar

15250eu
9765eu

9775eu

6oo5al
15400ar
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619031
17630.11
716O.as

9510as

6180eu
15485eu

6195eu
15575eu

9410eu
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61603s

963031

153953s

71253s
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72153s
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1376O.am
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12160am
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17655.11
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1800-1900

AnguiUa.canbbean Beacon

11775am

18001900 mtwhl

Argentma. RAE

15345eu

608"'
,
9660<,

1800-1900

Australoa. RadIO

1800-1900vi

Australia. VlSA Alice SP9

Australia. Vl8K Katherine
Australia. Vl 8T Tent erk

18001900vi
' 800" SOO vi

2325do
9625do

18DO-1S(J()

Bangladesh. Banola Betar

18001900
18001900
18001900

Brazil, garnc Bras

Canada, CFRX t oronto
Canada.CFVPCalgary
Canada, CHNXHahtax
Canada, CKZtl SI John's
Canada.CKZUVancouver
costa Rica.RF Peace Inti
Egypt, Radio Cairo
Eqt Guinea. Radio stnca
Germany. SunriseRadio
Gennany. Universal life
Germar,y. Voice01 Hope
Germany.Overcome, Mlnistr
Greece. Voice 01
India.All India RadiO

180(} 1900
18001900
18001 900
16001900
18001830
18001900
18001900
18001830 s
18001900
1800-1900
1800-1815
1800-1900
1800-1900
1800-1900
1800-1900
1800-1900
1800-1900
18()(}1900
1800-1815
1800-1900
1800-19OOs
1800-1830
18oo-1900smtwh
18001857

Ileland. urnCh,ishan BC
Kenya. Kenya a-eeoc Corp
KU\vait. Radio
Lebanon. VOice 01Hope
Liberia. RadIO venus
liberia. Staraaeo
liberia.LCU,RLiberia tnt
Malaysia. RaOlo
Morocco. RTVM Marocaine
Nelherlands. RadiO
NewZealand. R NZInti
North Korea. R Pyongyang

1800-1830s
18001900vi
18001900
18001900

Norway. Radio Norway lnt!

Papua NewGuinea. NBC
Philippines, R Pilipinas
Russia.Voice 01Russia WS

1800-1830
180().1830
1800-1900irreg
1800-1900a
1800-1 830
1600-1900vi
1800-1900

S Alrica. AWRAlrica
S Alrica. Channel Alrica
Sudan. Radio Omdurman
Swaziland. CommerC131 R
Swaziland. Trans World R
Tanzania. Radio
UK. BBCAlrican Service

1800-1830
1800-1900

UK. BBC Asian servce

UK.BBC Worldservce

1800-19OO w
1800-1900
1800-1900mrema
1800-1900
18001900
18001900
1800-1900

UK. Me/lin NetworkOne

USA. KAIJ Dallas TX
USA. KHBI "I Mariana Is
USA. KJES MesqUite fjM
USA. KlBN Saltl k City UT
USA, KWHRNaalehu HI
USA. Voice01America

18001900
18001900 mtwhta
18001900
1800-1900
1800-1900
18001900
180(}1900 mtwhl
1600-1900
1800-1900
1800-1830
1800-1900
1800-1900
1800-1900
1800-1 900vi
18051810
18301900
1830-1900s
18301900
1830-1900

USA. WEWN Birmingham AL

USA. WGTGMcCaysville GA
USA. WHRA Greenbush ME
USA. WHRI Noblesville IN
USA. WJCR Upton KY
USA. WMLK Belhel PA
USA. WRND New Orlean s LA
USA.VM'CRNashVille TN
USA. WYFROkeechobee FL
ve mam voce 01
Yemen. RadiO Aden
Zambia. Chllslian Voice
Zambia. tl atl BeCorp
Zimbabwe. ZimbabweBC
Croatia.CroatianRadio
Georgia. Radio
Germany. UniW:rsal Life
Mongolia. VOice 01
NethertanOs. RaOIO

18301900
1830-1900
18301900
18301900
1830-1900
18301900
1830-1900w
1830 19OOa5
18401850

Serbia. RadiOYugoslaVIa
Slovakia. RSlovakia tnt!
Swaziland. Trans WOlk! R
Tur1ley. Voice or
UK. BBCAlrican Service
UK.BBCAsian Service
USA. FEBC N Mariana Is
USA, VOice 01 America
Greece. 'Joice 01

7240pa
11880pa

9soo",

. .
ss....

231Odo
24BSdo

2325110
7185eu

9550eu

15265va
60lad o
603Odo
613Odo
616Odo
616Odo
15050am
15255al
1518631
5850va
11785.11
6015eu
3975eu
7450eu
7410eu
11935a1
6200do
4935do
11990na
9960me
345Odo
586Odo
5100do
7295do
17815al
6020.11
11675pa
4405eu
13760na
7485eu
4890do
11720as
7290eu
9765eu
11695al
3345al
15240.11

980Qa'
9425eu

12055me
17705sa

17765na
11620eu

9650<'

13770a1

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7120a1

11655.11

6575eu

9335eu

11700na

15705na

15735va

18950al

11890as
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3390.11

15190as

nOQa'

9200a1

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15075.11

7 4~5a l

9820eu

9740eu
9895al

615500

505000
3255a1
1783Oa1
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6095me
12095eu
15200eu
13815am
13820as
15385am
15590am
13625as
6035.11
15410.11
118750a

619Oa1

1166031

15400a1

9510as
6180eu
15485eu

9740as
6195eu
15575eu

941 0eu

7415.11
15580al
13615na

9760a1
17895af
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11975al

12160am

13845.110

15685am

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12020eu

15010eu

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17655.11
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15695va
7440eu
978Odo
3330a1
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6230eu

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602""

9720eu

15315.11
6100eu
5920eu
3200a1
9445eu

'''''''

9740pa
9465.15
7170ar
11645al

October / 998

13760am
13595na

4965.11
6265do
4828<10

12085eu
712{)a1
17605a1
972031
6055eu

7345eu

11765n.1
9630af
7330af
15150ar

9860ar

MONITORING TIMES

55

FREQUENCIES

19002000
19002000

Anquilla.Caribbeao Beacon
Auslraha, Radio

19002000 vi

Australia,VL8A Alice Spo

Australia,VLBK Katherine
Australia,VL8T Tent Crk
Brazu. Radio Bras
Bulgaria.Radio
Canada CFRX rorcmc
Canada.CFVPCalgary
C<!oada, CHNX Halllax
canana. CKl N Sl Jcnn's
Canada. CKlU VaOCOlMl
China ChlOa Radio loti
cosn RICa RF Peace loll
Ecuador, HCJB
Eqt Guinea, Radi o Atnca
Germany, Deurscte Welle

1900-2000 vi

1900-2000 vi
19001920
1900-2000
1900-20())

1900200)
1900-2000
1900-2000

1900-200)
1900200)
1900-2 ()())

1900-2(0)

' 900-2000

19001950
1900200)

1900200)
1900200)
190Q19H)
1900.2000
19001930

19001945
19002000
19001925

1900-2000
19002000

1900-1930 a

1900-2000
1900-2000
1900-2000
1900-1915

' 900-2000

1900-2000s
1900-1930

19002000

Germany Sunrise RadIo

Germany, Voice 01Hope
Germany.Overcumer MiniSlr
Greec e,Voice 01
Guatemala, Ad'! WO/ld R
Hungary, Radio Budapest
India , All IndiaRadio
Ireland, unt ChrisllanBC
Israel, xor Israel
Kenya, Kenya Broadc CO/P
Kuwall, Radio
tarva . RadiO latvia Inll
l ebanon voc e 01Hope
ubena. Radio veruas
Libera, Star RadIO
l lbena.lCWRlibe ria tnt
Malaysta. Radio
Malta. VO Medrterranean
MexICO, Radio MeXICOInll
Netherlands. RadIO

19002000
19001930
19002000

NewZealand, R NZ inn
Nigeria, Voice of
NorthKorea, R Pyollgyang
Papua NewGuinea. NBC
Philrppmes. R Pillpmas
ausse.votce 01 Russia WS
944031
9865eu
Setbra. fladio Yugoslavia
Soulh Korea. RKorea Inll
Sn tarna. Sri LankaBC
Swatiland , Trans World R
SVl1l1el land. SwiSs R Inll
TanJ:lOia, Radio
Thailand. Radio
Turkey. Voice 01
UK. BBCAlricanService

1900-1930
1900-2000

UK,BBCAsian Service
Uk, BBCWorld Service

1900-2000 \'1
19002000

UK. Merlin Network One

USA, KAIJ Dallas TX
USA. KTBN Salllk CityUT
USA. KWHRNaalehuHI
USA, Voice of America

1900-1958

1900-2000
1900-1957
19002000 vi
19001930

19002000
19001930
1900-2000

1900-2000 a
1900 2000
1900-1930
1900( 200) vi

19002000
19002000
1900-2000
19002000 s
19002000
1900-2000 mtwhfa
1900-2000
19002000
190020CoO
19002000
19(Y.)-2OCOa
19O(}2000 mt.\'hl

1900-2000 tf
1900-2000
190Q20Cfl

19001930
190020CO
190020CO
19002000 vi
1930.2000 ttl
1930-2000
1930-20(0

1931>-2OCO

1930-2OCO ml\'.1ha
193G-ZOCiJ
1930-2000
1930-2000 mlwhla
1935 1955
1945-2000 smtnt
19502OC()

19SG200a

USA. VOICe of Amenca

USA. WEW~1 BirminghamAl
USA, WGTG MccaYSVille GA
USA. WHRA Greenbush ME
USA, WHRI Noblesvine IN
USA. WJCR Upton KY
USA, WMlK Bethel PA
USA, WRMIJR Miami loti
USA. WRNO New Orleans LA
USA, WSHBCypress C,k SC
USA, WWCRNashville TN
USA, WYFR Okeechobee FL
Vietnam. Voice 01
Zambia. ChristianVOIce
Zambia, tJali BCCorp
Znnbabwe.Zimbab we BC
Belarus, R Belarus Inll

~~~~~~I~rdiO

Poland. Polish R Warsaw

Sweden, Radio
Uganda. Radio
UK, BBCAsian service
UK, BBCWorld Service
Ilaly, RAllntl

11775am
60803s
9660as
2310do
2485do
2325do
15265'101
9700eu
6070do
6030<10
613Odo
616Odo
6160<10
9-t~ 031

7240pa
11880pa

56

9580pa

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11515a!

1184031

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15050am
17735eu
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21455am

71 70eu
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4935do

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11 620eu

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11 655011

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1765531
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9-t65am

9655eu
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6005011
15400al
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11905eu
619031
17830<11

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9~10eu

12095eu

15565na

7375.11
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1 5~45a l

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15745eu

9525g'
1518

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13760am
13595na

99550
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9840eu
333031
6165do
3306do
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623Qeu
716Qeu
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4976<11

12160am

13845am

1202Deu
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1501Deu

7260eu

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~:I~an1t~~~~~~~1~

S Alnca, Voice 01Hope

I
Aloeria. R Algiers Inll
Ang llllla,Carlbbeari Beacon
Australia,Radio

MONITORING TIMES

1171 5.11
11775am
7240pa
11880pa

Oclober 1998

2000-2100vi
2000-2100vi
2000-2100vi
20002100
20002100
20002100
20(1).2059
2000-21 00

Australia. Vl8A AliceSpg

Australia, VlBK xatrenre
AuSlralia, VlBT Tenl Crk
Canada, CFRX Toronto
Canada, CHNX Hautax
Canada. CKZUVancouver
Canada. R Canada lnll
13670'101
China. China Radio Inll

2000-2 100
20002027
2000-2100
2(0).21 00
20002030
200<>2050
20002100
20002015smlhl
20002100
200021 00
20002030
20002100
20002100
2000-2100
20002100 tav v!
20002100
20002100
20002100
2000-2100
2000-2015
2000-2 100
2000-2030 smlhl
2000-21 00 vi
2000-2025

Cosla Rlca.RF Peace Inll

Czech Rep, Radio Prague
Ecuador. HCJB
EQt GUinta, Radio Alnca
Finland, YlEIR Finland
Germany. Deutscte Welle
Germany, R Voice olCanalla
Germany. Universallile
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Germane.Overcomer MlllIslr
Ghana. nana arcaoc Corp
Guatemala. Adv World R
Indonesia, Voice 01
Ireland. Unl Christian BC
Italy. lARS
Kenya Kenya arcaoc Corp
Kuwait. Radio
lebanon, Voice01Hope
libe ria, Radio veutas
libe ria.lCN/RLiberia tnt
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Mex;co, Radio Mexlto inu
Nanubia, NBC
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Papua NewGUinea, N C
Poland. Polish R Warsaw
Bussa.voce 01Russia WS

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Sierra l eone, SlBS

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Swaziland, Trans World R
Switzerland, Swiss R mu
Tanzania. Radio
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20002100
2000-21 00

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20011-2100
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20002100

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USA. KJES Mesqllite NM
USA.KTBN San u City UT
USA, KWHR Naalehu HI
USA. Voice 01America

2000-2030
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2030-2100
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20452100

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USA. WEWN Birmingham Al
USA. WGTGMcCaysville GA
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USA. WHRI Noblesville IN
USA, WHRJNoblesvitJe IN
USA, WINBRed LionPA
USA. WJCR Upton KY
USAWMl K BethelPA
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USA. WRNO NewOlleans LA
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SC
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USA.WYFR Okeechobee Fl
Vatican Stale, Vallcan R
Zambia, Chrislian Voice
Zambia, Nall BCCorp
Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe BC
Syria, Radio Damascus
Vatican State, vaucan R
Armerlia. Voice 01
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Belarus. R Belarus Inll
Cuba.RadiOHavana
Egypt. gene Galro
Germany, AWREurope
lraq RadIOfraqlntt
taraa. RadiO latvia Inll
Moldova. R Moldova Inll
S Alnca. AWR AlrlCa
Sweden. Radio
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TUr1l~ Voice01
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uzbekstan. RTashkent
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Cameroon Radio Cameroon
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Canada, CKZU Vancouver
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2100-2150

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Cuba. RadiOHavana
Ecuador, HCJB
Egypt. Radio cairo
EQt Guinea, Radro Alrica
Germany, Deutscte Welle

2100,2200
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21002200

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Germany, Voice01 Hope
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India. All India Radio

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2100,2200
2100,2200'as/VI
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21002200
21002115
21002200
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21002200
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21002157

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ltaly. IRRS
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libe ria, Radio ventas
liberia,lCNlRlibe ria tnt
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Namibia. NBC
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Romania, R Romania InU
Serbia. Radio YuoosJavia
seemKorea. R KoreaInll
scum Korea. RKorea InU
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SVlltzertarnl, $wrss R Inll
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21002200

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21002200

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21002200
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21152200
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. .

FREQUENCIES .

USA. WEWN Birmingham Al

USA. WGTGMccaySville GA
USA.WHRA GreenbushME
USA. WHRI NobleSVIlle Itl
USA, '/1mB Red lion PA
USA.WJCR ucion KY
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USA. WRNO fl ew Orleans l A
USA.WSHB Cypress Crk SC
USA,\V'lYCR NashVille
USA, WYf R Okeechobee FL
Zambia, ChristianVoice
Zambia, NaU BCCorp
Zimbabwe, Zrnbabwe BC
Egy pt. Radio Cann
Iran, VOIR I
UK, BBC Caribbean Report

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UK,3BC World servce

Albaflia, RTiranaInll
Austria.R Auslrla Inll
Chrna China gaino Inll
Czech Rep, RadIOPrague
Ghana. Ghana Broacc Corp
Guam, AWRIKSOA
Moldova. R Moldova Inti
Sweden, Rarno
UK. BBCCallingFalklands
USA Voice 01America

21302200 smlwll!

USA, Voice01America
uzoeastan. R tashkent

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2200-2300
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2200-2300
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canada. CFRX rercnto
Canada. CFVP Calgary
Canada. CHtlX H.alitiU'
Canada. CKZll SIJohn's
Canada, CKZU Vancouver
canaca. R Canada Inll

22002300
22002300
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22002300
22002300

ChifU. ChinaRadiO Inti

CostaRica.RFPeaceInll
Egypt.RadiOC.lIrO
EQt Gumea, RadiOAllica
Sermany.Overcnmer MlntSlr

2200221 5
22002230

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India, xnmou RadiO

22002230
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22002300 vi
220022 15
22002205
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22002300
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22002300

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Iraq. Radio IraqInti
Ireland. llnt Cnusnan BC
Italy. RAl lnll
liberia.lCNlR l iberia tnt
MalaYSia. RadIO
Narrsbe. NBC
NewZealand. RNZ Inti
Nigeria. fRCN:Radlo
tl ofWa'/ . RadiONorway InU
Papua New auoea tJBC
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22002300

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2200-2300

VI

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22002300

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USA, KTBN Sal! l k City ur
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22002230 mtwnt

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22002300
22002300
2200-2210
22302300
2230-2300
22302257
22302300

USA. WEWN Birmingham Al

USA. WGTG McCaysville GA
USA. WHRA GreenbuSh ME
USA. WHRI NobleSVille IN
USA. WINBRedlion PA
USA. WJCR Upton KY
USA. WRI.1t.rR MiamI lnll
USA. WSHBCypress Clk SC
USA. WSHB Cypress Crk SC
USA. WWCR NashVille TN
USA. WYFR Okeechobee Fl
Zambia,NaU BCCorp
Canada. R canada Inll
Cuba. RadIO Havana
Czech Rep, RadiOPrague
UK.SBC World Service

22402250
22452300
22452300
22,152300

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Ghana. Ghana Broanc Corp
India, All India R~d io
Vati can state. vancan R

22002300 VI

13595na

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Dclober 1998

MONITORING TIMES

57

FREQUENCIES

..

..

2300-0000
2300-0000

Angullla.Ca'ltlbean Beacon
AuSlraba. RadIo
21740pa

6090am
9660,a

2300-0000vi

AUSlraba. Vl8K Ka therine

AUSlrall,l. VlBT Ten! cu
Bul!l.lIIa. Rlllio

5025do

2300-0000 vi
2300,0000
2300-0000
2300-0000

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23002329

Canada
rl Quebec Svc
Canada CFRX 10101110
canada.CFVP Calgary
Canada. CHNX Halilax
Canada CKIN 51 John's
Canada . CKZU Vancouver
Canada. R Canada lnt!

23000000
2300-2330
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2300-0000
2300-2315
2300-0000
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2300-0000 snuwn
2300-2315
2300-2357
2300-2330 5
23000000 vi
2300-0000
2300-0000

Cosla RnRF Peace Inll

Cuba. RadiO Havana
EOVpl. RadIO CaIro
Germany. Deutsche Welle
Germany.Overcomer Mmistr
Guam, AWR'KSOA
Guam, AWAiKSOA
Indlol, All India RadIO
Ireland Untcnreuan BC
lIbella .lOl /R unena Inl
Matl ysia. RadiO
Namlb!a. NBC
Ne..... Zealand. R NZ lnll
Nlgella. FRCNlRadlO
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Norway. RadiO Norway lnll
Papua New aomee. NBC
Romarua. R ncmarua Inll
Sill(].l pore,RCorp Singapore

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2300-0000
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USA WHRA Greenbush ME
USA,WHRI Noblesville IN
USA.WIIlB Red lion PA
USA. WJCRUpton KY
USA.WRMUAMIami Inll
USA WArm NewOrleans LA
USA WSHBCypressCrkSC
USA WSHBCypress CrkSC
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vatcenStale. vancen R
Kyl !lYzslan. K}'rgyz Radio
Canada. R Canada Inll
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15590am
121535

151 85as
1782Qas
5825na

5085am
1s.46O.l1
137603m
13790am
7.\90na

13595na

995'"

7355am
1155031
15285sa
11910na
5070am
1I 855n3
7305au
':010do
11895am
5960am
4915al
6020na
98.\Oeu
9395sa
3316tlo
3915as

7.\35am

9475am

S600au

11 830Ju

13845am

~05Odo

15305am
9755arn

13670am

61650a
12020eu
942553

9845na
15010eu
11595s3

11645sa

SELEaED PROGRAMS
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2J.1-1
235-$

Wednesdays

Guam, AWR/KSDA Wavest.1n

Norway, RadiONorway InU: Norway Now
Bulgaria, Bauro: NeVIS
USA. WWCR ' 3 Nasnaue TN: Talk USA
Ilorway. RadiONorway Inti News
Eovpt, RadiOCairo: The Holy Koran and lis Meanings
Bulgaria. Radio: Topics 01theWeek.
Norv..ay, aaco Norway lmrus teners: Corner.
8uloaria, RadiO uews ~h in d the News
Bulgaria, RadiO Weekly Spolhght
Guam, AWRlKSDA: Pacic Island Journal
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varcm Stale. vacan RadiO Ask1I1eAboot

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Gem13ny. Deutsche Welle: NewsUnk
Ausllaha. Radio: Asaa Paollc
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Em !. Radio cairo: NeW5.
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Australia, Bado: RANews

Canada, N Quebec Svc: As It Happens
Egypt, Radio Cairo: PrClQramPreview
Guam, AWRlKSDA: Sounds of lnspilallon.
UK, Meilin tlelWorlo: Qne: News.
UK, Merlin Nelwork One: Rock aaeoNetwork
Bulgaria, RadiO: Eventsand Oe\-elopmenl
Egypt. RadIOcarro: r~e'N!o
Australia. RadIO: la w Report
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USA, WINBRed uen PA: MusiC.
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234-1
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Vatican State, Vatican Ra,dlo: Askll1e Abbot

Australia, Radio: RANe't'l'$
canada. Nucebec Svc: AsIt Hap~ns
Guam, AVlR,'KSOA: Sounds 01 InspiratlOll.
Bulgaria. RadiO EYents and nevercceem
ElIYPt. RadIO Cairo: News.
AU!otralla,RadiO: TheRehglon aeccn.
Bulgaria, Ra11O: TheWay Welive .
Egypt. RadIOCaIlO: A/able MUSIC
Greece. VOICe 01 news.
Netherlalllls. Radio tam) Newsline.

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2300
2300

Germany, Deutsche teeiorn: The Overcomer Broadcast

Guam. AWM<SOA-SOl/nds of Inspiration
Egypt, Radio cairo: The Holy Koran andIrs Meanings
Germany, Deutsche Welle: tl emUnk.
Bulgaria. Radio: Events and Developmenl
Egypt, Radio Cairo: News
Germany, Deutscne Welle: SpOtllgllt on Sport
Bulgal ia, Radio: Siraight110m the Horses Mouth.
Egypt, RadiO
Arabic Music.
Greece, VOiCe 01: News
Netherlands. Radio (ami Nem lme
Bulg:ana, Radio: RadiOBulgariaCallmg.
Netherlands, RadiO(am): Documentary.

cauc.

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Thursdays
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cuea. RadIO HavanaCuba: TopNewsStones

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Guam. AWRiKSOA: waeescan
Auslralla, RadIO RA'lews
Germany, Oeutsclle Ierekom: The Overcomer Broadcast.
USA. WINB Red lion PA: MU!oIC
Cuba. RadiOHavana Cu ~:
Unlimited
Australlil, Radio Austtaia AllOver
GJam, AWRlKSDA. Pacific Island Journal
a~lgar lil. RadIO: WeeklySpOtlight
Egypt. RadlOtalro: tkws .
CJba, RadiO Havana Culla: MllSI(.
BulQana., Radio: Spectrum (biweekly)
Eqypt, Radio calIO: TheCiviliZationof Islam.
seece. VOiCe 01. News
'letherlands. RadIO (am): Uewsbne
Egypt.RadiO CdJlo: EgyptianSOllQs.

uxers

Tuesdays
2300
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2307
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58

Cuba, RadIOHavana Cuba News Supplement.

Austfalla, RadIO RANews.
Canada, fl QuebecSve: As II Happens
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USA WRNONew Orleans LA The overcomer Broadcast
(live).
Cuba,Radio HavanaCuba Timeout.
Cuba, RadiOHavanaCuba OXersUnlimited.
Bulgaria. Radio: Events andDevelopment.
EQYPI. Radio Cairo: News
Australia. Bado. The Health Report.
Greete, VOice01: flews
Netherlands, RadlCl (am): Newshne.
Bliioaria, Radio Cultural Review

MONITORING TIMES

September 1998

MT MON ITORING TEAM

G ayle Van Horn
Freq uency Manager

Jim Frimm el
Program Manager

gayk (ri. gm l ','. lI d

f ri mml'1 @Jf(/r- rdl'gl"/l lll .ColII

Jacques d'Avig non

Propagat ion Forccuxrs
On tario.Canada
mtllliror @1"(/(',("(/

Dave Dutko . Cal iforn ia

~ lark Fine. VA

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Ionospheric Modification
In the last few yea rs we have heard and read

OPTIMUM WORKING FREQUENCIES (MHz)

a lot about HAARP (High Frequency Active

Auro ral Proj ec t) a nd the inst allati on o f the necessary equ ipme nt in a remote region o f Alaska
(se c Del 97 MD . It m ight surp rise ma ny read er s
th at ionospheric mod ificat ion . as will be at-

For the Period 15 October to 14 November 1998 Flux=148 SSN=100

Predictionspreporedusing ASAPS for Windows"

urc

00 01 01 03

.,

05 06 01 DB

"

15 14 13

12 11 11 10 IJ

tempted by this project. is nothing new! The first

re po rt of possible ionosp he ric mo di fication hy
radio wa ve was re porte d in 19 33 by T cllc gcn
(J l. At that time it was not yet fully understood,
hut it already had a fancy name: "T he Luxembo urg Effect." Wh y this name? And what was

TOiTR OMus WEST COAST

MEOlTERRAtlfAN

16 16

th is effec t'!
In the ea rly 1930 ' s , a very pow erfu l lo w
freq uency ( L F ) rad io tra nsmitte r was insta lled
in Luxembou rg; the programs tran sm itte d by
th is installation began to he heard in a nothe r part
of Eu rope m ixed with a pro gr am tran sm itted by
anot her sitc .1t wa s postu lated in 1934 by Bai le y
a nd Marti n (2) that the tran sm issio ns fro m the
Luxe mbourg tra nsm itter we re actu ally modu lati ng the ion osphe re and interac ting with the
ot he r tra nsmissi ons in Eu rope.
II shou ld be noted that in Europe a nd in No rt h
Africa. L F tran sm itter s o pe ra ting in IT U (Int e rnatio nal T elecommun icat ion Union) Reg io n I
utilize very high po wer. It is no t unusual to sec
so me of the LF stations list their powe r as 1000
or 2000 k Wand eve n high er.
(I am assum ing that th is is the powe r a t the
ant en na. If th is assumption is correc t and the
effic iency of the tran smitte rs is abo ut 25 % . we
a rc loo king at tra ns mitter s cons uming between
4000 and XOOO kW of power. T hai is the equ ivalent o f8 0.000 regul ar hom e ligh tbulbs o r 40. 000
PC' s operati ng a t the sam e tim e. I a m glad I do
not have to pay the electricity billl j
Th e Lu xem bourg effect phen om enon was
descr ibed bv Fred erick Terman in the 1943
ed ition o f hrs Radio Engin eers Handbook. bU I
from reading the short paragr aph descr ibi ng the
Lu xem bo urg effe ct. it wo uld ap pea rt hat T erman
was not full y convi nced o f the rea lity of thi s

MIDDLEEAST (P)

17 11

"17

CENTRAL A~R ICA

13

20 16 15 IJ

13

12

"

13

12

For a while. the phe no me no n was forgo tten.

It was ob served again in the 1960 s when the
mod ulat ion of the tran smit ter from the Voi ce of
America . ope rating on 173 kHz and located in
Ge rman y. was be ing heard on man y oth er tran smi ssion s in East ern Euro pe . 11 wa s rep ort ed tha t
a t the same time the LF transmitter o f Radi o
France Inte rn ational was also causing simi lar
effec ts on s ignals bein g trans mitted from ot her
s ites in We ste rn Eu ro pe .
Is thi s phenom enon strictly co nfined to the
LF part of the spec trum'? Appar ently not : it
ap pears that it ca n he fo und al so in the med ium
wave (~1W ) part o f the sp ec trum. A few years
ago some di scus sions of this topi c on the ' Ne t

MON ITORING TIMES

27 25

20 17 16

17 11

II

EASTERNEUROPE(P)

October 1998

11

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17 17 17 15 14

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17

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13 20

14

IJ

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11 19

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SOUTH EAST ASIA (P)

27 15

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SOUTH AFRICA

AUSTRALIA

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60

SOUTH AMERICA
WESTERN EUROPE

10

13

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, ,

"Unf a vorable conditions : Sea rch arou nd the last listed frequency Jor acuvuy.
revealed th at the Luxe mbou rg Effe ct was show int-: up in Iran . In the 1970s new radi o networks
we re se t up ac ross that country and high po we r
tran sm itter s we re installed in man y cities a nd
tow ns. Th e Luxe mbou rg effec t ap pea red on the
tra nsmissions of va rious trans mit te rs across the

Lu xembo urg Effect and what causes it? I rea lly

do not kn ow. as HA A RP and othe r sim ilar
projec ts aro und the wor ld arc operatin g on freque ncies above 2 Ml lz. Only time willtcl l what
these projec ts will he able to ans wer in rel at ion
to this peculiar Luxembourg Ef fect.

co un trv.

W hOat is interesting in the exa m ples cit ed

a bove is that in all cas es the tran smit te r pow e r
was ve ry hig h (eq uiva le nt to abou t 80.000
ligh tbulb s .' ). and the transmi tted freq uenc ies were
in the LF or ~W part of the spec trum.
Will project HAARP shed some light on the

( r) Tele gcn . B. D . 1-1 .. Int era ct ion be tween radi o

waves? Na ture. 6, J 69. 1933

(2 ) Baile y. V.A. and D.F. Martyn. Jnfluc ncc of
elec tric waveson the ion osph er e. Ph il. Mag .. 23.

369. 1~ 34

~ROGRAMMING SPOTLIGHT

Shortwave as a l earning Experience

s I w rite this co lum n. I am less than 24

ho urs away from the trip of a li fe -

time-a two week visit to Australia .

In the broadest sense of the wo rd "e ducat ion: '
sho rtwave radio has taugh t me thi ngs abo ut this
co ntine nt and nat io n that I am con vince d I

ne ver co uld have learned. or learned so well,

from any other source. I' ve been a listener 10
Radi o A ustra lia since I wa s thirteen years o ld.
A lmost imperceptibly over the dec ade s. I' ve
gai ned a deepen in g appreciation an d understand ing fo r th is p lace halfway around the

\v'orld.
That' s one part of the magic of the shortwave medium: the fact that one ca n learnsteadily. progressively. painlessly-using an
inexpensive portable dev ice that provides a
un iq ue and instant co nnectio n to the world .

Dista nce Learn ing

W here I wor k a concept called "d istance
lea rni ng" is all the rage. M uch effort is go ing
into de vising sche mes to use cable, micro wave.
the Internet and satellites to bri ng teac he rs
together w ith students o ver dista nce s. an effort
that otherwise wo uld be co st-proh ibitive . Thi s
is a fine co nce pt and its furt he r de vel opm ent
and fuller utilization are to be e nthus ias tically
enco uraged. But "d istance learn ing" is not a
new co ncept. An ea rly manifestation of this
idea took place in (you guessed it) Austr alia .
using (g uessed it aga in) shortwav e radio .
As long ago as the 1930 s. students scattered
thro ug hout the mass ive A ust ralian outback rece ived their lesson s. asked q uestions of. and
rec ited their ho mewor k to thei r teache rs via
two-way a mateur rad io . Th is tradi tion continues on intern ational shortwave rad io today w ith
programs ab out teaching and ed ucation . vari-

o us lec ture se ries and language lesson s. (T imes

are in UTC. Ref er to MT s "S hortwave Gu ide"
for freq uen cies an d abbreviations for da ys o f
the week ; * de notes program will shift one hour
later UT C begin n ing the last Sunday in Octo ber. Prog rams broadcast to Asia or A frica 'Ire
oft en hea rd we ll in No rth A me rica.)

Educati ona l Programs on Shortwave

Th e BBC. with its "O pe n University," was
per haps the fi rst broad caster to recogni ze the
wort h of radio as a means of hri ng ing educatio n
to the masse s. In rece nt ye ars. Wo rld Service
has rededic ated itsel f to this spirit with a
concerted ef fort to deve lo p and broadcast a
diverse series of lea rni ng programs o n various
subj ects de sig ned for stude nts learn ing English. The Learning Zone is the resu lt. (Afr ica
stream M FI530; Asia/Paci fic stream M F09 15
to Sou th Asia. I 130 to Eas t Asia)
T he BBC also has an exc el lent program
abo ut what it mean s to teac h. The Learning
World focuses on pract ical advice for teach ers
by looking at new devel opm ents in teac h ing
and hearing from teac her s in di ffer ent co untries
about their work ing lives. (Americas/Eu rope
stream HOS4 S. 1130. F09 1S; Afr ica strea m
S IS IS, W0730; Asia/Pac ific stream T00 30 .

H07JO. 2 115. F(345)

T he BBC also has an interesting program
for its African listene rs entitled Pos tma rk Africa w hich pro mi ses ex pert an swers to any
quest ion ~ T his en cy clo pedia o f the ai r is broadcast in the Africa stream Su ndays at 0 330 . OS30

and 190 1.
Rad io fo r Peace Internati onal (RFP I) broa dcasts it se ries o flec tures {hat reflect the s tation "s
broad mission 10 promote peace and intcrnatio na ! und erstand ing (rO{)()( ). A lso in this

TABLE I: lANGUAGE COURSES BY SW

Arabic byRadio
Enjoy Japanese
French Lesson
German by Radio
Greek Lesson
l earn 10 Speak Chinese

R. Cairo
R. Japan
R. France Internationale
Deutsche Welle
Voice of Greece
China R. International

le t's l earn Chinese

Let's l earn Korean

R. Taipei International
R. Korea International

Romanian by Radio
Russian by Radio

R. Romania International
Voice 01 Russia*

Slovak l esson
SpanishCourse
StartingFinnish

R. Slovakia International
R. Exterior deEspana

YlE R. Finland

A0000
T 0325, 0625,1125, 1525,2 125
A1245, 1445, 1645
A0130,0230, 0330, 0430, 0530, 0630, 2030
S 0325, 0715;F0115; A2145
MNl1240, 1340, 1440, 1540, 1640, 1740, 1940, 2040,
2140,2240; TIH 0340, 0440, 0540, 0940, 1040
Daily 0245, 0345, 0745, 1245, 2245
MH1140, 1240, 1940, 2140; MF1640; H 0240,
0840; F1115, 1215, 1615, 1915, 2115; A0215, 0815
S 0745, 1345, 1745,2145,2345; M0245, 0445, 0645
S 0632, 1532; M0632; W 0532,1332; F0232, 1932; A
2032
HOnO , 1650 , 1850 ; F0120
MF2047; TA0047,0147,0547
A0214, 0644

reg ard. RFPI broad casts cred it-bearing co urses

in peace stud ies in co nj unc tion w ith the Unive rsity for Peace . RFPI' s University of the A ir
goe s out Tu esday thro ugh Friday at 223 0 an d
Wed nesday thro ug h Saturday at 0630 .
Rad io A ustralia relays a Radi o Na tio na l
( o ne o f t he A us t ra l ia n B roa d ca s t i n g
C orporat io n' s main do mestic net work s) program that also o ffers un iversity cou rses by
rad io. Open Learning airs Saturday s at 1805 .
T he Vo ice o f Ame rica (VO A) , in its Special
English programs, brings infor mative programs
to learners of Eng lish by us ing a sim plified
vocabulary of about 1500 wo rds. O ne of these.
Words and Their Sto ries can be read ily rec om mended even to those who feel the y alread y ar c
so phistic ated users of the lan guage. The pro
gra m is actuall y an exe rc ise in ety mology and
airs Sundays at (X>40 to Asia and the Pacific,
IS40 to As ia. 1640 to Afr ica an d 2 14 0 to the

Middle East.
A small. hut g rowi ng minor ity of paren ts arc
op ting for hom e sc hooli ng for their child re n in
lieu of classroom ed uca tion. Hom e Education
Ne twork: is a magazi ne- style pro gramming pro filing the home sc hooling mo ve ment and offer ing advice and assistance to those pursu ing it. It
ai rs o n World Har vest Rad io (W HRI a nd
KWHR ) and Wo rld Wi de C hristian Rad io
(W WC R) as fo llows:
A0 100 on KWHR on 17510 kHz. to
As ia a nd the Pacific
A 1405' o n WHRI on 151 05 kHz. to
the Ame rica s
M0700' on WWCR on 32 10 kHz.
to the Americas and Europe

Language Lessons
Tab le I is a listi ng of various foreign lang ungc co urses o n offer fro m shortwave broadcas te rs. When yo u tune in. listen for how 10
o btain book s and othe r mate rials to ass ist you in
your stud ies. Until Nove m ber, goo d liste ning !

A "must" reference lor every shortwave

program listener!

$8.99 al all Radio Shackslores.

Cal,log No 621335
Oc tobe r 1998

MONITORING TIMES

61

BEGINNER.S CORNER
UNCLE SKIP'S GUIDE TO MONITORING

SKIPAREY, N2EI
tjarey@home .com

"Spooky" Radio Listening

ith a tip of the hal 10 Hallowee n.

this i S Sll ~ i.S d c v o{ ~d to the more
"spook y frequencie s 111<11call he
fo und out there in radio land . I have 10admit
that I' ve alway s enjoyed listening to such
signals more than most other things on the
ha nd s.
Folks trying to push the idea that rad io is
"dead" co uld ne ver pro ve it by the num be r o f
un usu al sig na ls to be found . T hose w ho by
cho ice or ncccssiry do a ce rtain amo unt of
thei r busine ss " in the shadows" still lise rad io
as a major means of co mmunication.
So in the spirit o f "s pooky" rad io. let' s do
a bit of a band swee p and see what' s out the re
10 Iistcn to that iSH ' t on so mebody' s broad cast
sc hed ule. So me things wi ll be relati vel y henign. hu t sleuthing around some o f these
signa ls will ran k Y( HI right up there withJames
Bond.

Very Low Frequency IVLF/: 10-30

kHz
If you had a recei ver capable of going
down into this ned of the rad io frequen cy
spec trum you wo uld he ab le \(J hear the coded
transmissions of submarines und some other
mi litary applications .Th e l.l.S . and the fo rme r
Sov iet Union used this port ion of the radio
frequency spec trum to play the kinds of spooky
acti vities that huvc been pop ularized in books
such as Tom C lancyv 111(' Hunt f o r Red
October. The se freque ncies are used becau se
they arc very effec tive ill penetrating through
sea water. allowi ng forcominu ous submerged
sub marine operations.
This porti on of the rad io spec trum is more
or less off limits to the typil..a l radio monitor
for two reasons. First. receiv ing equipment
that covers this portion of the spectrum is
harder \0 co me by . Most ent ry- level hobb y
comm unicatio ns recei vers do not tunc down
this far into radio' s baseme nt. Second, ju st
abo ut anything go ing on down here is senousl y code d.
By the wa y. the land -ba sed transmitting
stations that send signals out to the submarines have antenna installat ions that cuu covc r
sev e ral mil es.

62

MON ITORING TIMES

October 1998

Low Frequency (LFJ: 30300

kH z

d ard AI\'I b r oadca st hand . A rccent developm ent in the med iumfreq uency hand is the Federal Com At least a portion of the 10\ v frcmunication s Commission' s (FC C)
qucncy band is easily reached by the
ex pansio n o f the AM broad cast
hobbyist. T his is because many mod band all the way out to 1710k Hz.
ern hobb y-leve l. communications rc- O rson ' Veils.
Se ve ral stations have already bethe Fa ther or
cc ivcrs begin their frequ ency covergun broadc astin g in this new band
agc at ISOkl-lz. Th e lower end of the Spnoky I{ad io
seg men t.
LF hands can he a bit "spooky" as it
Other than the fact that these new stations
is po pulated by a host of militar y opera tion s.
arc on the CUlling edge, bow can you expect to
Above 100 k l-lz you w il l rind military stalind anything spooky in the middle o f the
tions. incl uding systems that send weather
mos t com mon for m of radio broadca sting
c harts by way o f fax. very similar 10 the fax
know in the United States? Wel l, from 16 10
mach ines you might have in your offi ce on ly
thro ugh 17 10 kHz you may still hea r a few
uti li/.ing rad io signals instead o f signals that
pirate broa dca ste rs . These arc folks that
come over the tele phone .
choose to broa dcast with out the be nefi t o f
As we round the corner into the ISO kHz
applying for FCC licensing. Information about
range wher e hobby recei vers begin to cam
these types of broadcasters is often found in
their keep. we ru n into a lady named GWEN.
Geor ge Ze ller' s "Outer Limit s" column.
From ISOthrough 17S kll z the Ground Wo n '
From 17 1n kHz through I ROO kHz is a
Emergcl1cy Network: (G WEN ) is a nationseg ment of freq uencies that we re at on e time
wide sys tem estab lished by the United States
fairly well populated by cord less tele phones.
Air Force to provide fo r a "s urviv able" COI11The se freque ncies have fallen ou t of lise somemunicut ions system. GW EN is there to keep
what. and current go vernm e nt regu latio ns
things runni ng if "The Big O ne" ever drops.
make mon itor ing o f cord less-telephone freSpoo ky indeed. Again, as with so lllany miliquen cies illegal an ywa y-c-attmcting spoo ks
tary op erations. you can listen but you won' t
for an ent irely diffe rent reason.
hear very muc h. Th e signals an: en crypted.
From 2000 kHz through 30()() kHz yo u
will primaril y find maritime com m u nlca Mediu m Frequency (MFJ: 3003000
lions. Not too spooky. but you can always
kHz
keep one ca r on 2 182 kl-l z. Th is frequ ency is
universally recogn ized for emergency disI\ o\\" we are gelling closer to rad io as you
tress calling and safety communicat ions.
probabl y env isioned il before your eyes were
From 2300 kHz throu gh 2495 kHz is also
ope ncd 10 the full extent of the radio wor ld .
recognized ~I S the first of the intern ational
Still. there arc a few mutters to get exc ited
b ro adcastin g hands know n as thc 120 Meter
abo ut before we ru n up again st (he standard
Band. also kno wn as the tropical bands. In the
Al\1 broadca st ba nd. From 4 15 thro ugh S I5
part of the world we live in, we are used to the
kHz yo u will find ma ritim e co mmunications
standard AM and FM radio band s as the
frequencies. Th is chunk of the ha nd is curprimary sources of radio . But. in lllany other
ren tly in a state of flux. as almos t all corn mupan s of the world, especially those grouped
nica tions done here we re previously GIITied
toward the equatorial regions of ou r planet,
out by International Morse Cod e, includ ing
the tropical band s arc used lordomesti c broadthe mariti me distress frequency on SOO kll z.
The trend is to mo ve away from Mor se code
cas ting. Some o f the most challenging and
rewardin g long-di stance listen ing (DX ing )
as a primary mean s of ma ritime communications. so you can look for change s in this area . can be done on the tropic al ba nds.
The possibi lity of mon itoring distress traffic
Because o f thc volatile natu re of some o f
fro m ships that haven't upgrade d doc s carry a
the parts orthe world in the so-ca lled tropical
ce rtain amou nt or ad venture .
regions. the opportunity to listen in on any
number of "c landes tine snu ions" also hegin s
FrnmS30 kli z through 161 0 kl lz we find
familiar ground . This is the good old stunin this broadcast band. Th ese arc stations that

arc se t up to broadcast programming , usu ally

aga inst the govern men t co ntro lled broadcasting in var iou s coun tries . As areas of the world
heat up , :-.0 d o clandes tine broadcasts.

High Frequ ency (HFI: 300 030,000

I<Hz
Betwee n the m or e familiar AM and FM
s tand ard broadcast band s is the hi gh- Ireque nc y por tio n o f the radi o spec tru m, most
com mon ly know n as the s hortwav e hand .
A mo ng <Ill the internation al and domest ic
radi o broadcasts o n sho rtwave yo u do have
the oppo rtu nity to hear qu ite a few s po oky
sig na ls. Yo u w ill hear m ilita ry and gove rn men! se rv ices. You will hea r unlicensed clan destine and p irat e radi o snu io ns a nd even d ru g
run ning . T he se broad ca ster s "on the edge "
o fte n make lise of amateur rad io tra nsm itt ers.
so chec k ing th ro ugh tho se Frequencies slig htly
abo ve and bel o w the various amateur radio
seg me nts can y ie ld so me spooky listening
ind eed.
Thi s is a lso the part of the spectr um w here
"s py" num bers snu io ns app ea r. T he se arc
strang e signa ls tha t j us t see III to he a voice or
Morse code tran sm iss ion of a brief series o f
num ber s re peated fo r a period o f ti me . They
can also ap pear ill a nyo ne of seve ra l lan g uages . T hey rep re se nt some for m o r code .
a nd their meani ng and sta tio n locations have
been s ubjects of con tro ve rsy fo r as lon g as I
have been a radi o hobbyi st. Tuni ng aro und
the s ho rtwa ve band s w il l turn lip a few o f
these sta tio ns. Nov..' yo u c:m joi n in the conjcc tu re about the ir mean ing .
It may see m lik e l a m sa y ing very litt le
abou nhc bigge st sec tion oft he radi o monitoring spectrum. but that is on ly beca use the best
wa y 10 find the spooky s tu ff o n shortwave is
to sp in the dial s and look in the cracks hetween the " known" broadcasts. T here is alway s so me th ing ne w anti o fte n spooky to

of the ban ds. Among th e many pagi ng tran smitt er s ill thi s seg men t. these Frequencies ar e
popular wit h surveill ance a nd cave ... droppin g
eq uipme nt user s. s uc h as law enforceme nt
agencie s and private in ve sti g ators. \ 1o n.'go od
spoo ky stuff.
From XX to lOX MHz we ret urn to a more
fa m iliar wo rld . the st a ndard F:\'. broad cast
ha n d , or so yo u ma y think . Many FM station s
al so b road cast su bsidia ry ca rrier a uth n r'iza tion (SCA) sig na ls un dcmc.uh the pro g ra mm ing you no rmall y hear. Y ou co uld have
listen ed to radi o all yo ur life and never have
known these sig na ls wer e there . T h is SCA
m usic . prog ram m ing and data. by law. ca n
on ly be mon itor ed by peop le w ho have the
tra ns m itting s tatio n' s perm ission to do so.
Ho w e ver. eq uipment to rece ive these sig na ls
is w ith in the bud get and ex pe rtise o f even
begi nni ng radi o mon itor s. It' s spooky on ly in
so far as ii' s not for common convum puun.
Monitorin g 1J6- 13X 1\1Hz allo ws yo u 10
becom e a "S pooky S pace Cadet." These frequ e ncie s arc used hy mallYweathe r smcllircs.
Ho bby ists who becom e inter ested ill satellite
trunxmiss i(in cnn purch ase dcrnodul ator cqu ipmcn t that a llow s the sig na ls recei ved to be
tran sl ated into we ath er fac si mile / \ VE F A X )
picture s. Yo u can "xpy" onthe earth ' s weath er
from satellite and ha ve a s pook y o ld tunc .
From 14:\- 150.:\ 1\11 1/. w ill brin g in a fc\\
more g ov ernment/ mil itary sig nal s that ha ve
s poo ky potential. The frequenc ies fro m 225
thro ugh J OO kll z a nd beyond 10 400 1\'1111
round out the V HF han d and mo ve into UI IF
\.. -it h more mi litar y avi.uion frequenci es.

Ultra High Frequen cy (UHF/: 300

3000 MHz

Military aircraft usage ex te nds thro ugh to

400 f'\'1I-1z as yo u g racef u lly enter the land o f
U HF . From 406 through 420 i\H I/. is another
chu nk of Fede ra l Governm ent frcqucrwi cs.! n

thi s ar ea you Illay hear comm unicat ion s from

A ir For ce On e if the Presiden t of the U n ited
Sta tes is v i ilin g nca r yo u. l\O W there ' s a
s ig na l with pocky poten tia l!
l-rom R25 through X4 9 1\.11-11. and X69
through S94 M Hz you wi II li nd cellu la r tel ep ho ne frequenci es . Mo nito ring o ft hese signal s is illegal. e xcept for spo oks wi th co urtordere d pe rm issio n.
A bove XlJ4 ivl H/. is a relative ly new ra nge
of fre que nc ies be ing used for ma ny o f the
appl ica tions s taled fo r the V HF hand . Th e se
freq ue nc ies up th rou gh I JO() M H /. re present
the ne w " high fron tier" for the rad io monito r.
Man y newer hobby -leve l rece ive rs are d es ig ne d to let you lis te n in on the excitement as
this new wo rld o pen s up. No do ub t so me of
the fut ure use s o f these newer se g me nts w ill
have s poo ky pot enti a l.
And Finn tly.I cts not forget that this ye ar is
tilt: 60 th anni versar y of Or son W e lls' bro ad cast o f "ThL' W ar o r the Wor lds ." the spoo kies t radio xignal ever broadcast. Ha pp y Ha llo wee n and have fu n !

KEEP YOUR C-BAND SYSlFM

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listen 10.
Very High Frequency (VHF/: 30300
MHz
From 30 10 50 MHz you w ill find many
d ifferent sig na ls from the gove rn me nt and
b us iness wo rlds. Th e tenden cy in recen t years
ha s been forope ration s to move up high e r into
the upper end of till' VHF and on into the LJ IIF
regi on s. S till, no freq uen cy goe s unu sed in a
world that runs o n rad io . I hav e o ften heard
allegedl y " unused " V HF cha n nels used for
unde rco ver wo rk suc h as inters ta te d rug int er d icti on. Spoo ky sluf f 10 be sure .
From 72 to 76lvt HI. is an in terest ing corner

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October 1998

MONITORING TIMES

63

ASK BOB

ANSWERS TO YOUR RADIO QUESTIONS

Bob Grove, W8JHD

bgrove@grove.nef

CALCULATOR VS. TELEPHONE KEYPAD: WHY THE DIFFERENCE?

PART 2! 1
In our August colum n, we discussed the difference between the orde r of numera ls on the

telephone and calculator keypads.Jim Thornton wrote in with a plausible explanation, noting
that the di fference was deliberate.
Accordi ng to Jim. AT&T Bell Lab s designers feared that a profici ent ca lculator user would
enter sequences too fast for the 1950s-era mechanical switching netw or ks to handle, so the
de libera te s low-down woul d prevent misdi alings, l im co ntinues:
"By reversi ng the seq uence. sufficient time was provided between the dialed numbers for
the equipment to detect and convert the multi-frequency tones into standard equipment
co ntro l sign als. Before the pushbutton teleph ones we re introdu ced . numero us tests were
conducted with expe rienced ten-key operators using the reve rsed keypads to ensure that the
chan ce of rnisdialed num bers wou ld be minim ized :'
Makes good se nse. Thanks. Jim .

I recently placed a maritime coli

via INMARSAT and heard a distinct
echo of my voice in the background, yet when I placed a call to
another country from the ship, the
echo was not as pronounced. How
Q.

come? (Ulrich von Rakel, K6/n,

Germany)
A.

Rad io wave s trave l at the speed of light.

roughly IH6,OOO miles per sec ond . Th e geostationa ry satelli te belt which hol ds the

regular
- - -',

64

MONITORING TIMES

October 1998

INM ARSAT is nearly 22.300 miles high. so

the signa l had 10 reach it. return to ea rth for
proce ssing . the n bounce back over the sam e
path. nearly I(X>.OOO miles. resulting in a halfsecond de lay.
Using the ship' s two-way radio. howev er.
the path is much shorter. a max imum of abo ut
12.000 miles for the grea test separation between yo u and a distant poin t o n the g lobe.
co rrespond ing 10 a delay of less than onetenth of a second.

Q . Does Motorola still manufacture

AM/FM consumer radios as well as
commercial communications equipment? (Robert Brock, Phoenix, Al)

A. No. Th ey closed the con sumer elec tro nics

div ision years ago. but many of their former
products are on exhibit in their muse um at
co rporate headqu arters in Sc ha umb urg. Illinois.

Bob, Iiust picked up a CB Radio

from a yard sale. Can I power it
from the same 13.8 volt power
supply I use for my Icom 735
transceiver? Can I run both rigs at
the same time?
Q.

foo t ground rod.

Another trick is to usc two le ngth s of hea vy
wire in parallel. on e tw ice as long as the other ,
as yo ur ground wire ,
A third trick is to use o ne q uarter wavelen gth wire , led co nve nie ntly o ut o f th e way in
the dw el ling, ax acounrerpo isc (s ubstitute for

A. Absol ute ly; the o nly limitin g factor is the

tot al a mpe rage d raw n fro m the pow er supply.
The CR only draws about one amp during
tran smit-no co nseq ue nce to yo ur power suppl y which is designed 10 pro vide a good 20
am ps to the ham rig. And its unlikely that you
will be transmit ting simultan eou sl y with bo th
of them !
Q . My ham radio is on

the second
floor. What can I do for a ground
system?
A. An old ham Irick to gel an RF ground for
HF (shon wa vc freque ncies. I . X ~ 30MH z ) from
a di sta ntlocation is to usc a len gth of 50 oh m
co ax ia l ca ble. Co nnect a ca pacit or (approximatel y (U) I microfarad. 600 volt or more )
across the coax -c-one <It eac h end . T his co ax
grou nd lead should he co nnec ted 10 an eight -

actua l gro und) for each frequ en cy band. Yo u

ca n a lso usc the same wire o n odd har mon ics
of its quarter-wa ve-reson ant freq ue ncy.
And fin all y. try an "a rtifici al gro und" like
the unit manufacture by M FJ: it tunes a ny
ra ndom len gth o f wire into an RF co unterpoise fur " ny ba nd {ty picall y I.X-3D M Hz).

Listen To and See

Your Infrared
Remote Control
Signals!

co uple of month s back " we suggested a meth od of build ing an optical interface coupled to an amplifier to hear the signals from an infrared
remote co ntrol. Greg Fei s of Potomac"Maryland, suggests a much eas ier way: "Just hold
the remote next to any cheap old AM radio
tuned off-frequency, and you will hear the
pulses as you push each button." I tried it on
an AMIFM portable here at the office; it
work s!

And how about see ing the signal? Lynn .:

Gillil and of King George, Virgini a, says that
if you have a camco rder with a CC D (chargedco upled dev ice) vie we r"all yo u need to do is
loo k through the view find er at the "business
end" of the remo te while the butt ons are
being pushed ; yo u will sec the flashes of
light!
Bot h eloque nt examp les of the "K .I.S.S.
principle" (keep it simple, stupid l), Th anks,
Greg and Lynn .

October 1998

MONITORING TIMES

65

BELOW
SOO KHZ
DXING THE BASEMENT BAND

Kevin Care, WB2QMY

lowband@gateway.net

Better Beginnings

ven thou gh we ' re headed for the end of

the yea r, it seems to me that fall is a g rea t
time fo r beginnings . I'm sure th is co mes
fro m man y years of head ing off to schoo l with
new clothes, new books. and a new attitude .
Fa ll is also the perfect time to get started in
longwave mon itoring. Receiv ing cond itions
are good no w (low static ). and should on ly
imp ro ve as we head into w inter.
If you've never ex plore d the signa ls be low
the AM broadcast band. why not give it a try
this season? T his month ' s co lum n will show a
simple way 10 get on the band and di scu sses
ways of iden tifying the signa ls yo u hear.

Getting on t he Band
Mos t rece ivers of recent manufacture incl ude lougwavc coverage down to at least J 50
kH z. Ther e arc many o lde r rigs. however . that
provide only lim ited coverage . oromit the ba nd
en tirel y. Th is incl udes ha m tra nsce ivers fro m
the I970s. Except for longwave coverage. most
of thes e older un its are we ll suited for DX
reception.
To add LF ca pabili ty. or to exte nd the range
o f a rad io with limi ted co verage, yo u' ll nee d a
converter. T hese out board un its con nec t to
yo ur recei ver ' s external ante nna j ack . and requ ire no equipment mod ification s at all. Th e
on ly cri tica l poi nt to insta lling a co nverter is to
use s hielded ca ble betwee n it and the co mpanion recei ver. Thi s preve nts bleed through of
unwant ed (no n-LF) sig nals.

FIGURE I.

Hookup of a ll LF COli verIer

A co nverte r wor ks by ta king a slice of the

lon gwave spectrum. typically 5 to 500 k Hz,
and e lectron ically " moving" it to a freq uency
ran ge tha t yo ur rec eiver can tun c- say 3,500 to
4.000 kHz (the 80 meter ham hand) . The mo ve
is made pos sib le by mixing the o riginal signa l
with a fixe d crys tal osc illator running inside the
converte r. A natu ral res ult of mixing is the sum
o f the two sig nals. The s um is fed to the ex ternal
antenna jack of the rece iver.

Tuning In
Determining the LF freq uency you' re tun ed
to mi ght see m like a co mplicated p rocess w hen
usin g a converte r. It is actually very simp le.
66

MONITORING TIMES

October 1998

Yo u need o nly subtract the freq uency o f the

co nve rte r's osc illator from the recei ver dia l
sett ing. Fo r instance. s upposc you were using a
co nve rter with a 3,500 kHz osci llator inside (a
co mmonly used frequency). Wi th you r receiv er
tun ed to a signal at 3.600 kH 7., you wou ld
s ubtract 3.500 fro m the reading for an act ua l
freq uency of 100 kH z. wi th the recei ver tuned
to 3.700 kHz the ac tual frequency wo uld be 200
kH z, at 3.800 kHz it wo uld be 300 kHz. and so
o n. T his is much easier than it so unds. and
q uickly becomes second nature.
I am a big propon en t of converte rs for two
ma in rea sons. The first is cost. A goo d co nverter can be obtai ned for a fractio n of the price
of a new recei ver. ( Have you e ver chec ked the
price of a rec eiver that goes down to 5 kl-l z" )
Some very goo d co nverte rs se ll for $75 or less.
Th e second reason is that you retai n all o f
the fea tures bui lt into yo ur HF receiver when
you tu ne LF signals. Helpful features suc h as an
S-m ete r, no tch filte r. and d ig ital frequency
readout are all active and can be d irect ly applied to thc LF sig nals yo u hear.
If yo u' re cons idering addin g a conv erte r 10
yo ur station. check the listin gs in recent issues
of Monitoring Times and othe r rad io magazi nes . Two established fir ms carrying co nverte rs arc : Pal om ar Engineers, Box 46 2 222 .
Escondido , CA 92046 and LF Engi necri ng
Co .. 17 Jeffry Rd. Ea st Haven. CT 06S 12.

ncar your location . Ano ther wa y (0 identify

so me beacons is to check back issues o f " Below SIX) kH z."
In time. yo u' II probabl y wa nt a more definitive guide to the stations you hear . For thi s, yo u
will need a beaco n guide . I've rec ent ly co mpiled an inex pen sive book let for the lon gwa ve
liste ner thatli sts the freq uency. ID and location
for the majori ty of No rth A me rican beaco ns.
plus co mmo nly logged beacon s ou tside of North
A mcr ica . Co pie s ofthe guide arc availab le for
$9.9 5 (U.S. funds) postpa id in North America .
O rder s ma y be sent to Kevin Ca rey . P.O . Box
56 . We st Bloomfield. NY 14585 .
European DXc rs may he interested in the
guide titled Non-D irectional Beacons of 111"(1)(' by Robert A. Connolly . It lists ove r 2~mO
aero and marine bea co ns from the Arcti c to
No rth Afr ica . Thc basic price for the guide is
5 .50 in the U. K. and USS I2 e lsewhere . Fo r
further informatio n. or to place an orde r. wri te
to: R.A. Co nno lly (GI7 IYX) 2 1. Eleastan Park.
Kilke el. Co. Dow n. Northern Irel and. UK BT 34
4DA .
To ge t yo u started. the table be low lists
so me co mmonly logged be acons in No rth
America. Be sure to send your loggings to :
Below SOO kHz. P.D. Box 98. Brasstow n. NC
28902.

SELECTED BEACON LOGGINGS

First Steps
Perhaps you alread y have equipmen t for
tuning the longwaves and want more info rmation on the signals yo u've bee n hearing. The
fir st o nes heard by most new comer s arc from
navigati on beacons. These arc typically low
power (less tha n 50 watt ) unmanned stations.
wh ic h se nd their ID in slo w speed Morse Code .
T hey are often located near ai rports or along
ap proac h ro utes.
Navigators usc beacons to home in on their
destination s or to det ermin e thei r curren t position in relat ion to the beacon. A t one time
beacon s were prim ary navigatio n tool s. but
tod ay they ser ve as bac kup s to more advanced
sys te ms.
Fo r man y listeners. " beaco n chasing" is a
major part of the rad io hobby. Th ey attemp t to
log as many beacons as po ssible. ju st as hams
partici pate in co nte sts to work as man y states o r
coun tries as they can . T he low power o f beaco ns adds achallcng ing di men sion to the gam e.
Freq uently. the M orse ID of a beacon give s
a c1uc as to its location . For exa mple " ALP"
cou ld indicatc " Al pine" and LGA might de note
"Laguna Beach." If yo u hear a strong signal. it
may be possible to co rro late the ID wi th a town

flu.
194
19S
206
209
216
220
224
227
230
233
236
245
246
260
266
266
2S1
302
305
332
344
346
350
362
365
413
423
429
432
51S
524

TUK

OIW
GLS
AEC

CLB
RBJ
SOL

GDX
SH
LG

GN I

VZE
Ofl
AP
fA

VR

SGK
PU

RO

HK
AVN

YXL
RG
LYL
CZM
YHO
CKP
IKY

IZN
GCT

UOC

LmlIun

Nantucket, MA
Dixon, NC
Galveston, TX
Warm Springs, NV
Wilmington. NC
Tucson, AZ
Scottsdale, AZ
Upperville, VA
Shreveport, LA .
Long Beach. CA
Grand Isle,LA .
Gore Bay, ONT
Defiance. OH
Denver, CO
Fresno, CA
Vancouver, BC
Knoxville, TN
Pueblo, CO
Roswell, NM
Hickory Hills. IL
Avon, NY
Siouxl ookout, ONT
Oklahoma City,OK '
lima, OH r- ;'
Cozumel, MEX
Dryden. ONT :
Cherokee. IA
Springfield. KY
lincolnton, NC
Guthrie Center. IA
IowaCity. IA

AMERICAN BANDSCAN
Dou Smith, W9WI
w9wj@bellsouth.net

THE WORLD OF DOMESTIC BROADCASTING

The Expanded-Band Times

hese days . The Expanded-Band Times

might be a bett er title for thi s colum n !
Th e wor ld above 1600 kH z is whe re the
activity is these days. and we have a couple of
new sta tio ns ( 0 talk about thi s month.
M y home state of Wiscon sin has become
con siderably ea sier to OX with two new ex pand ed -band statio ns appearing in late June
and earl y July. \VTDY- J670 in Mad ison appeared first. with a news-talk format parallel to
their old station on 1480. 1670 operated bric lly
;'IS \VA\VY. before laking over the calls formerly used by the 1480 kHz out let; 1480 then
became WT DA (but still uses WT DY exce pt
for the on-the -hour ID). The expanded-band
ope ration should be quite useful in this case
(prov ided there arc enough listeners with radios that tunc to 1700 kHz !), as the 1480 fac ility
has a very deep null across the hea vily populated wes t side of the city.
In early Ju ly, another Wisco nsin station
appea red on the ex panded band. WKS H-1640
is in Sussex, a Milwaukee suburb. This is a
rel igious station, Most expanded-band stations
have kept the ir old frequencies on the air ; the
FCC is providing a live-year phase-in period.
But W KSH has already removed their old 1370
k f-lz mmsrnittcr from se rvice. and I' ve seen it
listed for sale (along with the ante nnas and
other equipment) in trade magazi nes.
In Maryland . WM DM- 1690Lexington Park
(abo ut 40 miles southeast of Was hingto n, DC)
has appeared on the hand . T heir regular-band
stat ion is WPTX- 920, but the two do 1I0t simulcast. The format for this station is new s/talk.
Finally. there has been one re port in the National Rad io Cl ub's OX News of KSOX-I660
Brigh am Ci ty. Utah. I have no further detail s on
this station.

THE EXPANDED BAND LIST

Here's a list of stations currently operating in the 16101700 kHz band:

Eml
1620
1620
1640
1640

C!lY

WPHG Atmore. Alabama

KYIZ
Renton. Washington
WKSH Sussex, Wisconsin
Vallejo, cantcrma
KOlA
1640 KKJV l akeOswego, Oregon
1650 KKTR Costa Mesa. California
1660 WBAH Elizabeth, NewJersey

1660
1670

KXOl
WNMl
1670 WTDV
1690 WMDM
1690 KAYK
1700 KTBK
1700 WCMQ

Brigham City, uun

wamer-Bobins. Georgia
Madison, Wisconsin
lexington Park, Maryland
Arvada, Colorado
Denison-Sherman, Texas
Miami Springs, Florida

Programming
religious
religious
religious
black oldies
religious
traffic reports
Portuguese
ethnic
tesling only
sports
news/talk
talk
children's
testing only
Cuban ethnic

rim
,670
TODAY'S T A L I<:

YOIl would" 'I hnve see" logos lik e these last

y ear! WNML and lITDY, both on /6 70, are
j ust two of the J./ stations operati ng on the
expanded t1M band as / write ' hi s mo nth 's
colum n. There wilt almos t certainly be mo re
by th e tim e yo u read it...
The first of the expanded-band stations has
changed format - twice. It' s also been assigned new cullsign. As WJDM- 1660 . this
station ncar New York City was wide ly heard
both with its original format of m usic and talk
for pre-teen children , and with an interim format of da nce music provided by a former pirate
station ope rator in Minneapolis.
In June and J uly, the callsign was rep orted
changed to WBAH, and the station sw itched to
Spa nish-language broadcasti ng from the " Rad io Unica " network. Just a few hours after the
last report of the station as " Radio Unica ." Bill
Harms in Maryland reported hearing programming in Port uguese and an ID as " Radio Portu gal :'
Reader Bob Comb s of New Mexico wrote
with details of two o f his e x.panded -band
loggings. As reported earli er, KGXL- 1650 near
Los Angele s has become KKT R "Kc'Traff ic."
broadcastin g only traffic reports. Bob says
KKTR ' s signal is qu ite good in New Mexico.
disappea ring only for a fcw hour s between
noon and -lprn. (And he was listening in June ,
right at the solstice.)
Also reaching Bob ' s rece iver is KA YK1690 in suburban Denver . This station is now
carryi ng the " Radio Disney" ch ildre n' s format .
(Similar to what WJDM- 1660 used to air.)
KA YK reaches New Me xico 24 hour s a day.

,I

Bits and Pieces

Interested in what other co untries are doing
with the ir AM (or FMffV) bands? Tw o more
co untries have put their broa dcas ting databases
online for Interne t acce ss. Th e Australian Reg ister of Rudiocommunicatio n Lice nses can be
searched at http://www .sma .gov.a u/database!
rad cnmm/Ireq .htm . and the U.K. ' s Rad io
Authority is at h ttp://www.rad ioa uthor ity .

org .uk/Licensccsl ind ex.ht m l. The latter address lists only private stations; the SB C' s
hornepage is at www.b bc.co.uk though I've
not been able to find a transmi tter list on that
site !
Another Internet site read ers might want to
visit is the " AM Stereo Page" at wwwj.ns.
sy m patico.callett uc elho me .htm . 1t' 1I take
awhile to load. but any thing you ever wanted to
know abo ut this see mingly lost techn ology can
be found here.
Patrick Griffi th reports on ne ws in the Den ver area. Major co nstruction on the KOA- 850
transmitter site mig ht have meant Colorado
DXe rs might have found some silent time in
KOA' s schedule. Unfort unately, it will probably have already hap pened by the time yo u
read this. Still, you should always check! You
ne ver know when your powerful locals ma y
tem porarily disa ppear ... (Yet anot her good reason to jo in a DX club and the amj mtvdx @qth,net
mailing Ii sl. )
His seco nd item involves the 1190 kHz
station at Boulde r. T his was the AM side of
KBCO -97.3 for many years ; it also operated
for awhile us ' KHOW2:' ca rryi ng some progra ms provided by the 630 kHz station in
De nver. 11 90 has bee n off the air for awhile a nd
was donat ed 10 the Univers ity of Colorado
ea rly this year . Un iversit y offic ials told Patrick
they expe ct the station bac k on the air sometime this mo nth. It will replace an ex isting
station (presumably run by students") whic h
operates on "carrier-c urrent" (closed-circ uit)
AM and cable FM.
Th e days an: gelling shorter , and the DX is
ge tting better. What are you hearing? Write me
at Box 98. Brasstown NC 28902 -009 8. or by
ema il atw9wi @bel/.mll1h.net.

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Octob.r 1998

MONITORING TIMES

67

OUTER LIMITS

George Zeller

THE CLANDESTINE, THE UNUSUAL, THE UNLICENSED

George.lelfer@acclink. com

WREC Retires from Pirate Broadcasting

J. Spa rx. probably the most aclive sho rtwav e pirate statio n in
recent years. has announced his
reti rement as a broad caster. His station,
\ VR E C , has been heard on a worldw ide
basis with its entertai ning format of rock
music. co medy, and no velt y parod ies o f
rock songs. In addi tion . P. J. act ively
re layed num erou s European pirates that
oth erw ise were extremely tough OX
catches on our side of the Atlantic.
In a re lease 10 Monitorin g Times, P. WRE e
J. indicated that he enjoyed his six year
stint on the pirate band s. He indicates that he
has accomplish ed what he set out (0 do . so he is
ret iring while on top of his game. P_J. tha nks
listeners for their support , and promises (hat
outstanding recep tion report s will be verified
via the Be lfast ma ildrop . Multiple pirates that
used WREC as their relay tran smitter will now
be looki ng for a new home .

Millennium Radio
T he name of Cumbre DX ma ven Hans
Johnson is well know n in DX ci rcles. His
interesting articles have appeared in Monitoring Times on se veraloccasions. Hans an nounces
tha t M ille nnium Rad io, a new intern et radio
s ta t ion , ca n be t une d i n at http ://
www.gelat.cum/ra dio / on the web. T he station plans a var iety of progra mming format s,
includi ng re lays of histori c pirate broadcasts
that you may have missed. Hans can bereached
at 73042.36442@com puser ve.com if you'd
like additio nal information on this new se rvice.

Pirate CD
Vetera n pirate DXer Kirk Trumr nel, who
with John Cru zan has don e a fantastic job
maintaining the outstand ing Fret' Radio Network internet web site, has prepared a lengthy
CD containing aud ioclips from dozens ofN orth
American pirates . Additio nal information on
this CD, which costs $20 US, is availab le from
Kirk at ki rk @m ail. frn,net via e-mail.

Free Radio Survey

Steven Dick and Walt er McDow ell of the
Departmen t of Radio-TV at Southe rn Illinois
University arc conduc ting a survey of free
radi o stations, If you 'd like to help out w ith
the ir re searc h, http ://m c mbers,aol.com/
si u barn/freerad io/ contains add ition al informat ion and a copy of their questionna ire. You

68

MONITORING TIMES

October 1998

RadioPipsqueak This new onefeatures

Christian rock songs. (Blue Ridge Summit)
Radio Two- Their rock oldiesaremixedwith
Digita lly-mastered Pirate rad io from the Nort h At lantic ... sort of.
friendly banter. (Providence)
Reefer Madn ess Radio- The radio version of
seriousanti-pot programmingthat's a
parody of itself. (Be lfast)
RicochetRadlo- Radio Animal gave Rick
O'Shea some airtime, so this rockerand
talker emerged. (Blue Ridge Summit)
Scream of theBuUerlly- As wesee here,
their new aSLfeatures deceased artists.
(Providence)
Jim
Frank
SWRS Currently the best heard Europirate in
North Am erica; try 11470 kHz nea r sunset. (Wuppertal)
no longer relays th e Scream of the Butterfly
Up Against the Wall Radio- Anentertainingexample of
1960's nostalgia. (providence)
ca n write to the m at Ma ilstop 6609, Southern
Voice 01 the Runaway Maharishi- Maharishi Ali Ganja
Illinoi s Univers ity at Ca rbondale, IL 6290 1.
promotes the marijuanaindustry. (Belfast)
Voice of Pancho Villa- The traditional low power
Tell them that MT se nt you!
Kulpsville Winteriest station washea rd in Albertaby Ed
Kusali k! (BlueRidgeSummit)
Shortwave Pirate Activity
WACK Here's a rockerthat takes instantreq uestsvia
phone . (Useannounced toll free telephone numbe r)
North American shortwave pirate reception
WHYP- Relays 01this small town licensed station from
theeastern Lake Erie shorelinehave been widely heard.
traditionally improves durin g the fall as static
(Trywhyp1530@ya hoo.com)
levels di minish. Pirates heard by ou r readers
WKND- This is Radio Animal's pirate , not thelicensed
last mon th all used frequenc ies within 500 kHz
MWstation in Windsor, CT. (Blu e Ridge Summit)
of 6955 kHz on your dial, normally from two
WMPR- Their techno dance music is normally heard
with solid signals. (Still None)
hours before sunset to at least 0500 UTe.
WPUP The doggies at this one are sending out nst's.
Progra mmin g formats and co ntact maildrops
(Belfast)
...
-_. ~

(when known) arc listed here.

AFRTS- In addition to AFN's return to theair viatheir

Key wesnransmnters on 4278.5, 6458, and 12689.5
kHz. pirate Armed Forces Radio relays have been
appea nnq on 6955 kHz. (None)
Betty Boop Hadtu- Rollo Verndeigh programs nostalgia
music frompre-World War II cartoons. (providence)
Black Radio- This new one has been testing so far; stay
tuned. (Announced(888) 959-81 77 phonenumber)
Deliverance Radio-They feature dueling banjosand
squealing pigs. (None)
Echo Alpha- A newone. with plugs for their fictional
organization. (None)
Free Dylan Experience- Soul. rap, rock and diverse
music is heard here, with Bob Dylanon a secondary
basis. (None)
Free Hope Experience- MajorSpook programs pirate
advocacy and rock tunes. (Blue Ridge Summit)
Jerry Rigged Radio Recently they aireda Big Band
music format.(Providence)
lounge lizardRadio- II you like votsre, you'll like this
station. (Providence)
Mystery Hadlc- TheShadow's instrumental music is a
distinctive format. (Stoneham)
Radio Clandestine- R. F. Burns. a long-standingpioneer
in pirate radio, has returned with relays of classic
programs. (None)
Radio Free Euphoria- Related to the Maharishi; they
also plug marijuanaconsumption. (Belfast)
Radio Free Vinyl- Their rock and comedy is a traditional
pirate format. (Providence)
Radio Melalli caWorldwide Dr. Tornado, Senor EI
Nino, andJade still usea powerful 10 kW transmitter for
their rock music. (Blue Ridge Summit)
Radio Nonsense- Veteran pirate Joe Mama is noted lor
we ll produced pirate entertainment. (Belfast)

Receptio n reports to pirate stations require

three first class stamps for USA maildrop s or
$2 US to addresses outside the USA . Send your
lette rs to PO Box I, Be lfast. NY 147 1l , PO Box
284 13. Providenc e. RI 0290 8; PO Box 109,
Blue Ridge Su mm it, PA 17214 ; PO Box 146,
Stoneham. MA 021 80; and PO Box 22034 2,
wuppcnnl . Germany.

Thanks!
Your inpu t is a lways welcom e via PO Box
98, Brasstown, NC 28902 . or via the e-mail
add ress atop the column. We appre ciate material sent in this month from the follow ing: John
T. Arthur, Belfast, NY; Richard Ashley, Houston, TX;
Shawn Axelrod , Winnipeg , Manitoba ; Ranier
Brand l, Hoefer , Germany; Joe Filipkowski, Providen ce, Rl: Har old Frodge, Midland, Ml; NickGrace,
Wa shington, DC; Paul Griffin, San Fran cisco , CA;
Han s Johnson, Houston , TX; Ed Kusolik, Edmonton,
Alberta; Zacha rias Lionqos. Italy; Chris Lobdell,
Stoneha m, fv\A; Greg Maiewski , Oakdale, G ; Bill
McClintock, Minneapolis, MN; Bob Mills, San Di-

ego, CA; Michael Prindle, New Suffolk, NY; AI

O uoqlieri, Albany, NY; Robe rt Ross, lon do n,
O nta rio; Mart in Schoech , Mer seburg, Germany; Ed
Schwartz, Chicago, IL; lee Silvi, Mentor, O H;Walter
Szczepaniak, Philadelphia, PA; Ki rk Trumme ll,
Montrea l, Quebec; Nie l Wolfish, Toronto , O nta rio;
Andr ew Yoder, Blue Ridge Summit; PA, a nd David
Zortow, Ja ne sville , W I.

199 8/1 99 9 GUIDE TO

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OcIO,,"' 1998

MONITORING TIMES

69

ON THE HAM BANDS ...

Ike Kerschner, N31K

THE FUNDAMENTALS OF AMATEUR RADIO

The Kenwood VC-H 1

he April issue of QSTmagazine carried a full page adv ert isement from
Kenwood fo r the ir YC- H I portable
slow scan T Y (SSTY ) unit. A fter reading
the ad and looking at the pho tos. I thought
perhap s this wa s so meo ne ' s idea of an Apri l
foo l joke . But I figured so meo ne like
Ken wood wou ld not do that and began a
search for more infor matio n o n the unit.
Du ring my annual visit to the Roc hes ter,
New York . ha mfe st I lo o ked up the
Ke nwood fo lks to see what they cou ld te ll
me . Gues s what: they we re showing the
YC-H I! No larger than man y VHF hand
held transceivers, this fanta stic piece of
equipment floo red me.
The Old Days

I had built an SST Y un it back in the mid

50 s when the idea of SSTY was fi rst co nce ived. T hat or iginal sys te m requ ired two
tab les to ho ld a ll of the gear. I used a fly ing
spo t scanner to send my pict ures, which

meant the best Icould do for my first picture

was to write my ca ll, nam e and location
(Q T H)ona piece ofcellophane . Eventually
I managed 10 have a friend mak e a5 x 7 inch
transparency of a photo of me in my shack.
During the yea rs I had this set-up I managed
no mo re than a d ozen two-way SSTV co nversations (QSOs ). But. the idea of send ing
photo s had bitten hard. and I continued to
run SSTY and upd ated the rig every few
years.
Used t o be Expensive
The major drawback to SSTY has been
the cost. Until the advent of SSTY so ftware
for the hom e com puter. the ave rage set-up
cost abo ut H kilo buck plu s. if yo u were
go ing to have a decent one . And for the
most part . it was a hit complica ted ge tting
good photos to send as mo st cameras we re
not eas ily po rtable . and stor ing photo s was
time co ns uming . Whi le using the hom e
co mputer is defi nitely easier. there is still
the prob lem of getti ng the image into the
co mputer for tran smi ssion .
Kenwo od has sure cha nge d a ll this with
10

MONITORING TIMES

October /998

the YC- H I. Th is portable SSTY

unit operates off four AA batteries or an AC power pack. T he
YC-H I has a se lf-co ntained. de tach able, CCD camera (which
sta nd s for charge coupled device). and a 1.8 inch thi n film
tra nsistor (TFT) d isp lay whic h
produ ces a reall y sharp image.
VC-H 1 Features
Yo u ca n vie w incomi ng pictur cs and tran sm it im ages in all
pop ular SSTY formats and the
new fast FM mode. In addition,
the YC- H I has a video input ter min al so yo u ca n usc images from
a d ig ital came ra or Srnm videotape recorder (YTR ); a built -in memory
allo ws sto rage of ten photos. It also tu nctions as a spea ker mike to make o peration
very easy .
T he VC-H I co nnec ts to yo ur co m puter
via the RS-23 2 port allowing yo u to sto re
images and modify the m using sta nda rd cut
and paste so ftware and even superi mpose
text on yo ur photos. Using j ust the YC -H I
it is poss ible to superi mpo se yo ur ca ll sign.
Co nnec ting the YC-H I to yo ur rig is
quite simp le. Ofcourse Kenwood has availab le co nnectors for attaching the unit to any
of the ir rigs . Hooking up to other rigs will
req uire making yo ur ow n connector; however . Kenwood provides co mplete information so the joh is fair ly easy.
Kenwood . as usual. provides a comple te
and ea sy to understand ope rating ma nual
with the YC-H I wi th clear. easy 10 follow
instruction s. drawings and pho tos.
T he mo s t excit i ng th i ng abo ut
Kenwood 's SST Y unit is the pr ice ; list
price is ju st under S600 but the unit is go ing
for well under S500. In fac t. Th e Ham
Sta tio n of 220 N. Fu lto n Ave . Evansv ille ,
Indi ana 477 10 was se lling the YC-H I for
S47 9 .00 at the Rochester ham fcst: their
orde r line is l -gOO-729-4373 if yo u wo uld
likc to ord er onc o r get mort: information .

An Exciting Future for

SSTV
Th e YC- H I is go ing to make
the field of Slow Scan TY a lot
eas ier to get in to for eve ryone. I
expect to see SSTV activ ity expanding from the pre sent hand ful of frequencies on HF to incl ude all band s. No reaso n why
novi ce and tec h ope rator s
should n' t have a ba ll with thi s
unit on VHF/ UHF. too.Th is unit
will add a new d imension to the
hobhy for all hams.
Can yo u imag ine co nnec ting the YC-H I to yo ur ha ndheld and sending photos of interestin g subjects while on yo ur
da ily wa lk. j og o r bicyc le ride ? Or Lake a
shot of the ne w baby, pu ppy. toy or whatever to show to friend s across tow n o r the
worl d . Pub lic se rvice events will bene fit
fro m SSTY. too . (O ne picture is wo rth a
thou sand wo rds .)
In case yo u we re won de ring. I love the
YC-H I and hop e all of you w ill. too. Soon
we ca n add a who le new mean ing to the
phrase. " BC NU: ' Gr eat job. Ke nwood.
Conditions

I have been told there were some very

good six meter ope nings this past sum mer;
however, I did not manage to hit any my self. I did catch so me excellent two meter
openings d urin g July and worked statio ns
all up and down the East Coast as we ll as
so me g and 9 land QSOs.
Thi s time of year the HF ban ds are beginning to prod uce a lot of good DX. Loo k
for YK (Au stralia) and Z L (New Zealand)
o n 160. 80 and 40 from and hour o r so
befo re sunset to abou t an ho ur after: and
again from an ho ur befo re sunrise to an hour
aftcr.
20 meters and up has been very hot all
sum mer lon g and a lot of DX has bee n
wor ked o n 15 and 10. it ca n o nly improve
with the inc rease in sunspot numbers.
T ill Nex t mon th. 7J es DX de N.1 IK

. AND MOREl
Jock Ellioff, KB2GOM
lighlkeeper@sprinlmoil.com

RADIO FUN WITHOUT A UCENSE

Kenwoods Easy-to-Use FreeTall<

I{

ellwood ' s FreeTa lk radio is one of

the mo st ap pealing Fami ly Radi o

Serv ice ( FRS I units I have tested.

Small (just o ve r 2"W X3.Y" H x ' ''D )a nd wit h
a h igh level of ti l and fini sh . the Frec'Talks
m inimum numbe r of co ntro ls mak es it very

approachable .
T he FrccTa lk mak es casy for the first time
user to get started wi th FRS . Avai lab le in
blac k an d yel lo w co lors. it clear ly ca me from
the S;'I Il1C de sign philosophy as the lco m IC 40 0 XA. wi th th e sa me fo ld-down and antenna
a nd same unusual thumbwh ccl arrangeme nt
for att aching the be lt cli p o n the back . The re
are just fo ur bu tto ns on the f . ICC of the unit
(Po we r, Up. Do wn. and Mod e) , plus a speake r/
mic rophon e a nd a back lit LCD , O n to p of the
radio is a volu me co nt ro l and rub be r flap that
can he lifted to re vea l plug-ins for a speake r/
mic and o ther accessories.
On the left side ofth e Frec'Tulk is the pushto-talk swi tch a nd be low it, a wedge- shape
rubber protrusion thai helps 10 locate yo ur
Hoger o r thumb o ver th e pu sh-to-talk button .
On the back . there is a rem o vable be lt dip and
a hatch for in sta lling thr ee AA ba tteries. for
whic h Ken wood claims 38 ho urs of o perating
time . Th at' s e ig ht hou rs longe r than the lco m
FRS radio. whic h also uses th ree 1\A ba tte ries. We ' II get to the reaso n w hy in just a bit.
Fo r basic opera tio ns, the Frce 'Talk is e xtrem el y eas y to operate. Pre ss the Power hutton , a nd the rad io turn s o n with the volume SCi
whe re you left it. To se lect from any of the l-l
FRS c hannel s. pre ss the Up or Down butto ns.
To block unwanted rransruission s fro m
other FRS users. yo u and the members of yo ur
group can select a CT CSS (Co ntin uo us T unc
Coded Squelch Sy stem ) ton e from the 3S
progr a mmed into the Frcc'Tulk . T o ac tivate a
CTCSS ton e, tap the Mode button o nce an d
then usc the Up and Down butt on s 10 se lect
the lon e o f choice . O IH.-c yo u hav e selected a
CTeSS to ne fur usc, it is ap plied to all cha nne ls 0 11 the r..ulio. Unlike so me co mpeting
un its, yo u ca nno t se lec t a to ne fur o ne c hanne l. hut non e fo r ano the r or d iff er ent to nes for
d iffere nt cha nne ls. O nce a ton e ha s been se lected , thc di spla y shows bot h the cha nnel and
the to ne n umbe r.
Th e Kenwood also offers a featu re I' ve 110 1

Th e Ken wood FreeTa lk offers ease of lise.

spee ch scrambling, and o" ly about 2/3 the
ran ge of top perfo rming FRS radio s.
see n on ot he r FRS radios, a simple for m of
speech sc ram bling c alled PrivucyTulk . To
activa te th is feature. pre ss the Mode button
twice (aft er Y( IU have selected a
to ne )
a nd usc the Up or Do wn butto n to tu m it un.
There is, as nearly as I ca n tell. no way to
activate scra mb ling wit hou t first ac tivating a
C TeSS ton e. W hen scra mb lin g is ac tivated.
an icon appears on the LCD and o nly a no ther
FreeTalk on the sa me chan nel \\ ith the sa me
to ne and scra mbling can unde rstand yo ur tra nsm ission s and talk buck to yo u. Unfo rtunatel y,
the sa me ton e a nd scram bling co mbi natio n
a pplies h ) e very ch annel , so if yo u wan t to ta lk
pr ivatel y o n o ne c han nel a nd then talk " in the
clear" o n another c hanne l. you cun"t d o so
wi tho ut so mc e xtra button push ing,
Th e Free Talk also otters a number of o ther
interestin g features suc h as four differe nt ca ll
ton es lha t make the radio rin g like a telephon e. By appropriate ly prog ram ming the
radios in yo ur group . yo u C"1Il te ll wh o is
ca lling yo u hy the uniqu e ring to ne . W ith the
optional S ~ IC- J~ speake r microphon e. yo u
can scan to li nd a busy c hannel or sc an (0 lind

o ne th ai mat ches th e c...T CSS tone yo u hav e

selected. Nine diffe re nt fun cti on s. inclu d ing
locking the transceiver. req uire poweri ng On
the radio while pus hing differe nt co mhinatio ns of buttons.
In mo st respe cts. the performance o f the
Frcc'Talk is exem plary . Rece ive a nd tran smi t
au d io qual ity are loud ami clear. and the
rece ive r performance is rig ht wh ere it sho uld
he . Unfortunately. the range of the Frcc 'Talk
is o nly about '2./J Ihat of other top-of-the-line
FRS radios. Th e re..e-on : the FreeT..ilk pUI So ut
on ly 330 milliwat rs 0 11 trans mit. co mpa red to
a full half wa tt fo r the o the r top per form er s.
Th at ' s where the ex tra e ight hours of op erating time co mes fro m: reduced tran smitt er
power.
Th e Ken wood Frc c'Tnlk is a ll e xce llent
FR S radio that is exce ptiona lly casy to usc for
f rst ti Illerx. I I'yo u don't need max i mum range
from your fR S units. the l-rccT ulk defini tel y
deserves con side ration . S uggested retail price
of the Fre..:Talk is S 159 pe r rad io , For ad di tinnal info rmati on, cal l I-XOO-9S0-S00S.

FAMilY RADIO SERVICE

MHz

Channel
1

J62.5625
J 62 .5875
J62.6 125
J 62 .6375
J 62 .6625
J62.6875
J 62 .7125
J67.5625
J 67.5875
J67.6125
J67.6 375
J 67.6625
J67.68 75
J 67.71 25

2
3

c rcss

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
IJ

YNC

G~,~,~,~,~~,~~" , ~
~
and ve ruc at

Sync uue s Irom

losl Syn<:

Dist orted Video

For Free Inform,11ion PaCkage ana Pricing

",.

Call 219-233-3053 _

; www.south-bend.netlrcd ~

R.C. DI',tr'b utlng. PO

October 1998

[I(]~

""." "~
WIth YSG

552, SOllth [JeIHl , IN 46624

MONITORING TIMES

71

ANTENNA TOPICS
Cfem Small, KR6A

BUYING, BUILDING AND UNDERSTANDING ANTENNAS

Some Hard-to-Spy Antennas

iddcn in a deserted farm house located deep in e ne my ter ritory. headphones clamped tigh t 10 your ea rs,
you arc risk ing your life or eve n worse. using
yo ur tiny shortwave stat io n to send bac k vital
information abo ut ene my tro o p mo vement s.
As you lap ou t yo ur message in Mo rse code
there is a loud ba nging at yo ur door. Your
he a rt S LO p S - the n rac e s w ild ly. Q uick ly yo u
stuff yo ur min iature statio n in to its se cre t
hidi ng place, Ami no on e w ill guess that that
o ld telep hon e line whi ch runs only betwee n
the house a nd barn was j ust now se rving as
yo ur unte r ma.T ry ing to lo ok like some d ow n-

on-your-luck drifter who j ust came in from

the cold. yo u cautious ly op en the door. ..
Luckil y we' re j ust prete ndin g here. but
there are rea l-life situatio ns where we may
wa nt to ha ve ant e nnas wh ich arc no t visib ly
obvious; an te nnas thai the gestapo. KGB. or
eve n your ne ighbo rs or landlord wo n't see. O r
maybe you wo uld like 10 ha ve the view in
your ow n ya rd free of any visible w ires an d

FIGURE I

pcrtisc in radio ope ration could lead to a spy

assignment someday when you-country needs
you . We hope that isn ' t too likely. bu t j ust the
same let' s take a look at some a nten nas that
co uld com e in hand y for a varie ty of reasons.

be a problem . In some cases a coup le of

radi als run ou t to eac h side o f the ant cnna
durin g operation (and ro lled up a nd kept in the
chimney whe n not usin g the a ntenna ) ca n give
good results . Or <I ce nter-fed dipole might ti t
your c himney if fed thro ugh a flue on your
second stor y.

Ord in ary ant en nas in non-ordinary

pl aces

Non-obvious antennas just wa it ing

f or you

So me types of wire anten nas w ill li t full sized into the attic of <I home. the cra wl space
abo ve the ce iling of a room. or eve n in an
unused chimney. Some times they must be
bent a bit to fit. but they still work. Ha lfwa ve
dipoles shorte ned by as muc h as half their
le ngth still work surprising ly we ll. So me
people have had success putting wire antennas under rugs, arou nd the baseb oard of a
roo m. or under the eves of the ir roof. Unused
ch im neys ca n house base-fed ve rtical antonnas, a ltho ugh putt ing radi als out for them ca n

O bviou sly we should mention antennas

like telescoping whips, active ante nnas and
desk-top loops as among those with a low
visible impact on the e nviro nmen t. hUI there
are many ev en less-ob vious a ntennas which
operators ha ve found useful in the past. Th ese
inclu de met al wi ndow fram es, met al por ch
awnings. lawn c hairs. groce ry ca rts. rabbit
cages. clot hes lines, dog-run ca bles. bed springs. fla gpol es. a luminum ladders, met al
gutters. wire fe nce s. and e ve n a utomobile
bod ies (fig. I ). As a matter of fact the human

towers,
On the othe r ha nd . who knows? Yo ur e x-

AUTOMOBILES VIEWED FROM TOP

}
i :, ';' /

-; ,

\'

:.-~.~ :\~

, I /
--, \ '

-",-

"\
\'

<,

CENTER CONDUCTOR

COAXIA L FEEDLINE TO TRAN SCIEVER

A center-fed dipole antenna utili zing th e metal bodies of two parked auto mobiles as its eleme nts. Good two-way commu nication was reported

usi ng th is antenna.

72

MON ITORING TIMES

October 1998

body makes a fai r a nten na at times ! Items such

as lawn ch a irs or lad ders m ust he insu la ted
fro m the g ro und. Se tti ng them 0 11 a piece o f
d ry wood is one way. The g roce ry cart an d
uuto moh ile are a uto maticall y insul ated fro m
groun d by the ir ru bber tires.
Unused e lec tric appliances oft en work we ll
as an ten nas. Be sure they arc not plu gged into
the po wer mains! Ac tual ly the uppliunccs
unplugged po wer cord ca n be used as the
fccdlinc when usin g the a ntenna for recepti on.
To ut ili ze these vario us obj ec ts as antennas
yo u sim ply run a sho rt wire from the ce nte r
c on nec tio n of the an te nna inp ut soc ket o n
yo ur receiver. an d co nnec t it to the metal case
of the o bjec t.
Believe it o r not trees make decent antennas. Connect your coax feed line ce nter-co nncc to r to a nai l driven into the tree a few
inches above the ground. and thc coa x shield
to a rod in th e ground below. Speaking of the
groun d. insula ted wires laid on the ground, or
j ust und er the g ro und. ca n be used as antennas
whe n rece ived -sig nal stre ng th is strong .
Althoug h it is importa nt to avo id uti lizi ng
fo r an an tenna an y appliance that is plu gged
into the elect ric power lines. yo u can uti lize
yo ur entire hou se wiring as a receiving antcn na ! Do not . I rep ea t. do nOf co nnect a ny
antenna d irec tly to the hou se ho ld powe r lines.
and never use this ante nna for transmitting. T o
co up le to the wi ring wra p a few feet of insulated w ire tigh tly alo ng the Ic ngth o run cx tcnsio n cord. Do nO/ connect this wire to the
w ires of the exte nsion cord. It doesn't matte r
if there is something pl ugged into the exte nsion cord o r not , b ut the ex tensio n cord mu st
he plugged into an outlet. The free e nd of the
insulated wire ru ns to yo ur rece iver' s .. uucnna
term ina l.

Transmitting, too!
Non -obv io us ant e nnas which arc insu lated
from everythi ng b ut yo ur an te nna lead -in wire
sho uld be OK fo r tran sm itt ing as we ll as for
rece iving . Yo u need to use co m mo n sense.
ho we ve r (i.e .. no o ne should he silting in the
la wn cha ir whe n it's bein g used to tra nsm it.
forge t using the human bo dy asa tr..msmitting
antenna . ctcl ). Don 't use an appliance 's power
cord as a fecd line when tra nsm itti ng . As a
mancr of sa fe ty ther e sho uld he no on e nca r an
antenna when it' s transmitt ing . Very lo w
po wer sh ould be used fo r in-h ou se ant ennas
unless the an tenna is wel l a way fro m a ny o the r
objects. Never use a tran smitting ante nna near
a fue l storage tank.
For rrunsmiuing you ' re a lm ost sure 10 need
an antenna tuner to g et an y worth while rad iation from the anten na. No n-o bv io us ant enn as

used fo r rec ep tion usua lly do not have a high

leve l o f o utput. a nd in so me ca ses a n antenna
tuner may he useful in br ing ing the receivedsignal level up_

STOP! LOOK &

Lislen 10 This!

And so ... ..

Alinco DJ-X1DT We've rein vente d th e

mu lticha n ne l receive r!

In case yo u thi nk that the antennas desc ribed here a rc sugges ted o nly in jest. let me
say tha t I ha ve rece ived repo rts from read ers
and friend s \V I1O have e njoyed themse lves
with o ne or more of th ese a nte nnas. Th e
infa mou s Kurt N. Sturba frequently wr ites
abo ut his exp lo its using o nly a lawn c hair. or
some suc h un usua l ite m . as an an te nna . He
makes l1l ..lI1YDX co ntacts with suc h .1 setup.
Perhaps the most impre ssive small- ante nna
stunt th at" s co me to my attention is that of a
read er who rep orted that he had made a contact sev eral states a way usi ng onl y a struigfucn ed pap erclip :'IS an an te nna on the H l-meter
a mateur band !
It is usu a lly true that puttin g a hal f wa velength recei v in g antenna o utside. in the clear.
and as high as prac tical gives better reception
than is ob tain ed fro m the ante nnas weve
d iscu ssed her e . But not everyone has the
s pace , time, fin ance s or d esire to put up a
mo re ideal antenn a. Th e antennas described
here have bro ugh t muny liste ners a lot of
pleas ure ove r the yea rs. T hey are no t di fficult
to try, a nd yo u ca n have yourse lf so me fu n in
the process.

RADIO RIDDLES

1200 memories
plus two VFOs
100 KHz - 2 GHz
coveraqe'
WFM , NFM, AM , USB,
LSB and CW modes

Alphanumeric channel
designations up to 3 Lines
Mu fti-function Channel
Scope" display
Internal "help" function
PC programmable
Beginner and Expert
operating modes
Automatic Memory
Wri te Feature
Auto timer on/off .
internal dock
Backlit display and keys
The Ali nco DJ-S46 FRS rad io
will hav e YOU t alking!

~i

Last Mo nth :

I aske d : "Wha t W <lS the first antcnnu?" T he

a nswe r to this q ue stion d epends 0 11 ho w yo u
interp ret the q uestion. Hertz. who d isco ve red
ele ct ro ma gn eti c waves about l XXX, utilized
loops. di po les , parabolic refl ector antennas.
and di e lectr ic antennas in his laboratory rcsearc h. Marcon i utili zed a ho rizontal dipo le in
his early w ireless wor k arou nd I X96. Ru t
before these pio neers there were pr e-pioneer s
like Hen ry, I 842 :S . Th ompson . I X76: H ughes,
J 879: and Dolbcar. 1882. who utilized vario us a ntennas in success fully se nd ing and /o r
receiving wireless signals . E. Th omson ( I X71)
e ve n ut ili zed a meta l table top and <I tin sti ll as
anten nas . And he wasn' t even a spy.

NO license Needed
Up to 2 mile ranqe' "

14 Channels
FM Transmit/ Receive
NiCd. Alkaline or External Powe r
Long Battery Life
Self Storing Antenna
Compact Size
Simple Operation

Lighted Display

Accessory Ports
Compatible with other FRS radios

Visit our web site!

Simple . Cl ea n . D ependable

~ AL'NCO.

RA DIO ' S VALUE LEAD ER -

This Mon th:

W he re di d we ge t the name "u ntcnua?"
Yo u'll lind un answe r for this mo nth ' s
riddl e, and much mo re . in ne xt mo nth's issu e
o f Monito ring Times , Ti l the n Pea ce , DX, 73

Dealer Inquiries Welcome

U.S.A, Atinco Branch: 43B Amapola Ave.
Suite 130 Torrance. CA 90501
Phone: (310) 618 -8616 Fax: (310) 618 8758
Internet: http : //v.ww.alinco.com
'Cenurar blocked. "Ettecuvc oporating rango vanes coo
to terr ain, chnnner U50. bane ne s and other co nditions

October 1998

MONITORING TIMES

73

EXPERIMENTER'S WORKSHOP
TWEAK, TUNE, AND MODIFY!

Bill Cheek
email: beheek@san.rr.com

Automatic NiCd Cell Discharger

recentl y enco untered anothe r amazing lad y

technologist. not only a compute r expert.

hut also a dedi ca ted sc annist ! Judy Ma y.

(mulemhi kt@worldllet.atl. tlct.works asa UN IX
sys te ms ad m in istrator w ith dat abase and shel l
programm ing .
Mr s. May relates. " I am co m fo rta b le tweaking the reg istr y of Windows 95. and like to
dabb le w ith VBA pr ogramming in MS Ac cess.
A: home my bi ggest interests arc tan dem b icyclin g with m y husband (ove r 1500 mi les every

w w w 2 . b a I h .ac,u k/- hs pa h h/ h i k e 1igh lsi

n odel 2.hlml

Judy' s question sparked me to some researc h that suggests a periodic, full discharge
of NiCd and NiMH ce lls can correct for the
effects of past abuses of overc harge and und ercharge. but only under the right conditions.

NiCdlNiMH Cell Details

The facts: NiCd and NiMH rechargeable

cells are fully cha rged when their open-circuit
year) and visual satellite observ ing. I use softtermi nal voltage reaches about 1.44 volts (V).
ware 10 make sate llite pre dictions , incl udin g
Full discharge is considered to be when the cell
the rela tive ly new Iridiu m Flare pheno me non
drop s to 1.0 V. The halfway point is considered
that pro duc es spec tacularly bri ght display s in
10 be the nominal ce ll voltage: 1.20 - 1.25 volts.
the night sky."
Frequent discharges below 1.0 ant! recharges
She listens to shortwave broadcasts with a
above 1.44 V are considered destructive.
mode st portabl e and all the local action with a
I found that normal use of rechargeable cells
BC9000XLT scanner. In addi tion to admini sdoes prop erly discharge them: at lea sI in radios
tering UNIXcomputer systems. May "dabbles"
that are designed for recha rgeabl e batteries.
with repa iring VCRs, camcorders, automobi le
Most such radios have a "low battery " n ag or an
and motorcycl e electrical systems. She even
automatic shutoff circuit. These are designed
designed and installed her home burg lar alarm
for 1.0 V per cell as the bottom le vel of discircuit. Her next challenge is "to bring myself
charge . But for those of you who have trouble
up to speed on projec ts invo lving IC chips."
with rec hargeab le cel ls. here is a project.
Figure 1 shows the simple circuit. the heart
NiCd Cell Memory Effect?
of which is an LM ~ 3 39 , an op-amp called a
"voltage comparator." As seen in Figure 1, a
I "me t" Judy over e-mail when she asked
Irimmerpotentiome ter is tweaked to set a referabout a circuit to safely discharge NiCd and
ence voltage on the non-in verting (+) input.
NiMH cell s to pre vent the alleged " memory"
Since 1.0 V is the point at which the cell must
effect ami stop the discharge when the cell
stop discharging. the pot should be adj usted for
reaches full discharge.
At first. I scoffed. Fiftee n or so years ago, exac tly 1.00 V at Pin 5 of the LM":UlJ.
When a cell is conne cted between ground
NASA published the resu lts of independent
studies by the Gates and General Electri c co m- and Pin 4 , it continues to discharge a miniscule
amount through the 4 .7-k n resistor, but much
pa nies that deb un ked the myth of NiCd
more so via the relay contacts (com -to-n .c.)
" memory." For more informa tio n, see: http://
through the 6-ohm resistor. The 4.7-k n reFIG1: -AUTOMATIC CELL DISqHARGER sistor tics Pin 4 low to
ensure stability when a
+5v
ce ll isn't connected. As
reg SeeF1IJure '}
lon g as a co nnec ted
Svl Qilli
cell' s terminal voltage
current
relay
is above 1.0 V. the out#275- 243
put of the LM J 39 is low
Io-k
C 2N3904
(0
volts). Th is low is
~--i-/ ' I\ I,----,b'-I
2N2222A
#271-1328
(Most any NPN)
coupled
via the IO-k Q
#2 76-2016
resistor to the base of
+
e
Twoor more
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the switching transistor.
ceue mua be
47~
n -uF
co""ecleodlil<e
w hich ca n' t co nduc t
Cell
#271 #272-10 26
older
1330
when low. T hus. the reo
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---..J'
lay is de-energized. with
10.ohm~
'271-110 1
o
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its contacts in the norSee text
0271-1102
mally connected posi-

L--4--.-..-.-4-------'~--T
-',
*

TOGrOOnd~

74

MONITORING TIMES

(ffi

October 1998

tion (n.c.)
As soon as the cell discharges to 1.0-V to
match the refe rence voltage, the output of the
LM- 339 shifts to high (5 V ). Thi s turns on the
switching transistor and, in turn. energizes the
relay. the contacts (If which shift to the normally open (n.o.) position. Thi s stops furthe r
discharge of the cel l. The 4. 7 ~k n resistor
continues to discharge the cel l, but at 200-mA
or less. this is insignificant so long as the cell is
remov ed within a few days.
If for any reason the cell's voltage should
climb back ove r 1.0 V, the LM-336 will trigge r
the switching transistor to switch the relay back
to the n.c. position. T he ce ll then discharges at
the much higher rate until it drop s to 1.0 V
aga in. Operat ion is automatic all the way, and
hands-off is the keyword here. But there are
cavea ts.

Caveat s and Precautions

The 6-ohm resistor is reall y a nomina l value
c hose n for moderate-duty " AA" NiCd ce lls
(600-mA/h). T he ma ximum recom mended
charge and discharge rates for NiCd and NiMH
cells arc one third the mAth rating. If we figure
a ce ll's starting discharge voltage is the nominal 1.2v, and if we don' , want 10 excee d 200 rnA (600mAlh J iviJeJ by 3), ' hen using Ohm ' s
Law (I

= El R). R = 1.2/ .200 =o- ohms.

Therefore. you need to know yo ur ce lls.

Heavy duty NiMH cel ls rated at 1000-mAth
require 1.2/.333: or 4-ohms for the qu ickest,
but safest dischar ge.
Low value resistors aren' t available from
Radio Shack . but you can make your own with
a little ingen uity and basic math. The lower left
corn er of Figure I shows a 10-ohm resistor in
parallel with a 15-ohm resistor, the effect of
which is 6-ohm s.
The calculation for two resistors in para llel
is : (R I*R2)/( R I+ R2) o r ( 10* 15)/( 10+ 15 ) =

( 150)/(25) = 6. You can concoct a wide rangeof

values this way. Th is combination of two for 6ohm s, when paralleled with another 15-o hm
resistor, yields 4.J -ohm s: or with a IO-ohm
resistor, yields 3.75 ohms. Four 15-ohm resistors in parallel yield an effect ive 3. 7 5 ~ o h ms.
etc.
You also have to note the wattage rating of
the discha rge resistor. Ohm ' s Law for powe r
says: P = E*I: or 1.2 * .200 (or. .333) eq uals
O.24 \....att (or, 0.4 walt): therefore, the minimum wattage rating of the discharge resistor
should be D.S-wall .

You can use this circuit to d iso pe n ci rc uit termin al volt age drops
charge more than one ce ll at a time ,
off rapi dly. to we ll under m y con se rvative spec of 1.2\'. A s the ter but it will lake lo nger unle ss yo u
redu ce the value of the disc ha rge
min a l voltage drops. curre nt drain
resistor. Use the sa me form ulas
fal
ls proportionally.
In 3Out 3 Out4 Gnd In 4+ In 4T his dr op-offi s not linear ; mo re
abo ve . exce pt take the add itional
cel ls into account. For instance , tw o
like logari thmi c . mean ing the ter mi na l vol tage d rops q uickly at firs t
600 mNh ce lls co nnec ted in parallel as in Figure I arc co nside red as
under di sch arge. and then tend s to
stab ilize at a less rapid rate . Yo u
one 1200 -mA/h ce ll tha t ca n be d is+
can experimen t w ith th is by usin g
charged at 400-mA. The resistor
4
lower va lues for the d ischarge re~
shou ld be about 1.2/0 .4 o r J o hms .
si s tor wi t h vo lt m e te rs a n d
Likewi se. a o-ccll pack in para llel is
co ns idered as one 3600- mAIh ce ll:
mill iam me ters con nec ted to show
1.2/3 .600 . or 0 ,33 o hms . You ca n
w
hat' s hap pen ing .
+
+ 1-- - --,
ma ke a 0 .33-oh m resistor by w iring
2
thr ee I -ohm resistors in parallel.
1
Support
Po wer for the c ircui t shou ld be 5
Support for this and all my co lvolts reg ulated. Figure 2 shows a
um ns is freely av a ilabl e by e-mail.
cheap and easy regul ated +5 V supProgr am s and files ca n be down ply .
5
load ed fro m my W eb and FIP sites.
It is not w ise to d ischarge more
If yo u' re not co mpute rized. please
Out 2 Out 1 V+ In 1- In 1+ In 2than one ce ll at a lim e fro m the
inclu de an SASE w ith any postal
series-co nnect ed pack tha t runs the
Ground these pins if not used for other p rojects,
req ues ts.
radi o. Rech argeabl e cells co nnec ted
in series typ ica lly do not d ischar ge
E-mail :
bchee kssson.rr.cc m
eq ua lly. That is. a fu lly discharg ed N iCd pack
pack s ho uld be ca lc ulated at 1.0v mu ltiplied by
WWW: hHp:/ / ourworld .compuserve.com/
homeE."ge,/beheek
the nu mb er of ce lls. Th e d isch arge resis to r is
of s ix cell s might show indi vidual vo ltage s of
FTP:
f1o ://204.2 10 .11.20 4
ca lculated base d on the nominal 1.2v pe r ce ll.
0.94v. 1.07v. 1.03v. 89v. i.ro-. and 1.00v.
FAX:
(619) 578-9247 cnytime
Exa mp le: a six -cell pack need s a ref eren ce o f
It is ideal to d ischar ge eac h indi vidu al ce ll to
Postal:
POBox 262478 ; Son Diego. CA
92 196-247 8
the same level, an d as you see, tha t can be don e
6.0v . The resistor sho uld be ca lculated fo r 1.2
o nly with the ce lls co nne cted in pa rallel. or
x 6:;:: 7 .2v. So . for a 600 ~m A/h pack. the resistor
wou ld be : 7_210.200 :;:: 36 oh ms. T he disc har ge
d isc harged ind ividuall y. one at a time .
Note to U.S. co nsumers only: II is unlawfu l to import ,
manufactu re, or ma rket cellolcr -copcble or cellclcr resistor for a six-cell. IOOO-mAIh pack wo u ld
If yo u insist on try ing the auto matic disre storable scc rmers into the u.s.
be 7.2/1.000:;:: 7.2 o hms (7 ohms wo uld be
charger with a se ries pack. you will have to use
a h igher suppl y vo ltage . eq ual to o r a few volt s
fin e.)
abo ve the maximum termi nal voltage of the
Unuse d pin s o fl he L M~33 9 Qu ad Co mparetor must be grounded . See Figures I and 3. Yo u
pack . For example . a six-cel l NiCd pack C'1Il
might dev ise tem porary grounds so that othe r
me asure as high as 8.7v . so the reg ulated po wer
supply s hould be 9v or higher. A four-cel l pac k
sec tions ca n be used for futu re proj ect s as
Sca nners. Modifications and more ...
ca n measure as high as 6v . Th e LM- 339 ch ip
needed .
Visit our WebSite at
can tak e po we r supp lies up to ISv. thoug h
13.8v is about the practical maximum.
The Rest of the Story
T he refe re nce vo ltage for a series -co nnected
ut ' So w.D.R.f. w~VvI/lJ..,(S
Th e rest of the circui t isn 't critica l.
Gr
undesch
15.
D
8B326
Aulendorl. Germany
but use goo d layout and perfboard tech phone: (+49) 7525/451 lax: (+49) 752512382
niqu es. kee ping the Pin 2 (output ) side
e-man bogerfunk@t-onhnede
of the c ircu it apa rt from the Pin s 4-5
(input) s ide . Your fir st vers io n of the
t .. L
t . - - . ~ __
!p l d i
Good for up to t-emp
c ircuit shou ld be for a single cell. Te st it
With adequate teei Use a 7809 for
an d make su re ther e are no problems.
sink; otherwise about
'"..... .... .... " ,\Sl'l\.Ol> ". uo""" '''d -1
'
7777:770~ +9v reg or a 7812
2W-mA wIth no heat
A fler it works, you ca n experime nt with
for +12Y reg
sinking; plenty good
d ischarging m ultiple ce lls (in pa ra llel.
(available from
for thiS project
DigiKey)
of course .)
7805
You can also e xpe riment w ith di f'' '''''9 , "1 ,f~ II' ~ ._,<,RI\LG'.SCI:M'>':Hl'W..... b;"~.,,, ;, 1
p os itive regu lato r
,!,1:.1.2!ffl'l" "",, '!{@ IiQ'IB@li! :..-..,, (89, ' :, l'lll i
fcrent values of d isc harge re sisto rs. 100.
RS #.2761770
Monitor w hat's ha ppe ning in REA L TIM E. Sea rch .
Rem emb er. I used a val ue based on the
sort. scan by rreqs. com ments . hil s etc. etc. PC can
one-third of the ce ll's mAIh rating at
even speak the freq. I hit timet. A scii and direct
DBF file suppo rt. Tape controls , alarms , many new
1.2v. Yo u ca n speed up the disch ar ge
.._--I>+5v
(+ I l>---=cocc---tI
features. Compare 10others costing so much more!
Reg
rate by decreasin g the value of the resisBvdc
Functional demo www.fut urescanning .com or call
tor . If the initial curre nt drain excee ds
1uF135v
to
RadioMax ...jus t $45 (includ es s/h in USA)
16vdc
the 1/3 rat ing for a sho rt tim e. ther e is
RS #272-1434
RS #272-1434
FUTUR E SCANN ING SY STEM S
(-I little or no risk of perman ent damage.
(-I
6105 S E Nowata Road #6. Ba rtlesville OK 74006
Ground or common
Ph . 918 335-3318
FAX 9 18335-3328
and once the cel l starts d isch arg ing, the

FIG-3: LM-339 PINOUT

http://www.boger.de

FIG-2: EASY +5v SUPPLY

to JoL...
=,~~ffi~,,:.~:",'l:, "I::t:to~O
'~ !

i:,: ,.. ":p C"

--=-'1

U~JU~~i8 C895~~,T. "

October 1998

MONITORING TIME5

7S

Cellular Cryptography and GSM

igital cellularsys tems areo n agrowth

curve to ove rtake analog sys tems in

j ust a few yea rs. Mo re than five and
a half million di gita l handset s we re so ld in
1997. up fro m less tha n one a nd a ha lf mi llion

GSM C ryptogra p hy
Mo bil.
Equip ment

Authe ntica tion

Center

in 1996.
One o f three di gital technologies competing for cus tome rs in the United Stat es is the

Global System for Mobiles (GSM) standard.

O rig inat ing in Europe in the ea rly 1980s.
G SM is now serving more tha n 100 million
cus tome rs aro und the wo rld. and more than
two milli on subsc ribe rs in the United States.

Rather than holding customer information

in the ph one itself, each GSM teleph one uses
a re mo vable, persona lized sma rtca rd cal led a

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM). The SIM

ing. The SIM card sends RAND and the

is actually a tin y co mp ute r. complete with

me mory storage and a low power microprocessor. Besides holdin g subsc ribe r informatio n, it also performs sec urity fun ct ions to
pro tect the c ustome r and the network .
Prob abl y the two mo st common area s of
vulne rability in a ce llular te lephone network
are fraudul ent use of se rv ice and intercepti on
of call co nten ts. Th e GSM S IM makes use of
cry ptog raphy to redu ce fraud and provide
some measure of confide ntia lity.
Before a SIM is re leased to a custo mer it is
progra mmed wi th a uniqu e, secre t 128-bit
long key ca lled Ki. O nce prog ramme d, Ki is
supposed to remain hidden and invisible, available only to spec ial co mputer algorithms that
run intern all y on the SIM . A copy of this
sec ret key is also kept by the network ope ra tor
in an Authentication Center (AuC).
Th e SIM also conta ins two cry ptogra phic
a lgo rithms referre d to as A3 and A8 , whic h
a re used for authent icatio n an d confide ntia l-

secre t I 28-bit key Ki throu gh the A3 a lgorithm to produce a 32-bit "signed response"
(S RES ). T his num be r is tra nsfe rred out of the
SIM into the pho ne, whe re it is then transmit ted to the netw ork. Th is is the phone' s response to the net work ' s challenge .
Me anwhile the network has performed
the same set of operations. Using the sa me
value of RAND and a n ident ical co py of Ki,
the networ k has co m puted its own va lue for

ity.

Authentication
One of the prim ary security functio ns of
the SIM is to authenticate the subscribe r to the
network. A GSM net work ve rifies the identit y
of a subsc riber th rough a challenge-respo nse
proce ss. When a mobi le subsc ribe r requests
se rvice. the net work se nds a mat hem at ica l
challenge to the phone, which it m ust answe r
co rrec tly before bein g gra nted access.
T he cha llen ge se nt by the ne twork to the
phone cons ists of a 128-bit num be r ca lled

RAND. When the phone receives the RAND

c hallenge it passes it into the S IM for process76

MONITORING TIMES

October 1998

SRES.
Th e net work co m pares the S RES received
from the pho ne to its ow n S RES: If the two
va lues are the same, it assume s the phon e is
legitimate and a llow s se rvice to proceed . If
the two va lues are not the sa me, the network
assu mes the S IM do es not have the prop er
sec ret key Ki and the refo re de nies se rvice to
the phone.
Since the RAND va lue c hanges with e ve ry access atte mpt, an eavesdro pper recording the S RES response will not be ab le to
success fully reuse it later. E ven if by c hance
a partic ular RAND c ha llenge hap pened to be
re used, a GSM networ k has thc flexibili ty to
au then ticate the pho ne as ofte n as it wishes,
per hap s seve ra l times throu ghou t the du ration of a ca ll. A legi tim ate pho ne ca n eas ily
retu rn the cor rect answe r each lime, wherea s
a cloned phone using a sing le successful

SRES will be thwarted.

Confidentiality
T he S IM a lso pro vides informatio n needed
to e ncrypt the rad io co nnection bet ween the
phone a nd the base station. In orde r to unde rstand how the e ncryption works, a little back-

ground is necessary.
GS M uses a techn ique ca lled time divisio n
to share the radi o channel w ith up to se ve n
othe r use rs. Eac h user takes turn s using the
com mon radi o c ha nnel, se nding and receiving information on ly during one of the e ight
available time slots. Each time slot is very
sho rt. last ing only abo ut 4.6 mil liseconds, and
is identified by a fram e numbe r, A GS M
conve rsatio n uses two fram es, one go ing from
the base station [ 0 the pho ne (ca lled the f orward d irection) an d another going fro m the
phone back to the base station (call ed the
reverse d irecti on ). Eac h of these fra me s contains 114 bits of user information. wh ich is
a lmost a lwa ys di gi tized and co m pre sse d
speech.
So, e ver y 4 .6 miIIiseco nds the phone rece ives 114 hits of inform ation from the base
statio n and tran smit s an other 114 bits to the
base station. It is these 228 bit s that require
enc ryp tion to pro tect them fro m eavesdroppers.
Using the RA ND cha llenge and the sec ret
key Ki . the SIM runs the A8 algorithm to
produc e a 64 -bit lon g c ipher key called Kc.
Kc is tra nsferred out of the SIM and into the
phone, whe re it is used by a thir d algor ith m
called A S .
AS uses Kc an d the c urre nt frame nu mber
to produce <I key strea m of 22& bit s, hal f of
which decode the incoming forw ard cha nnel
and the other half encode the outgo ing reve rse
chan nel. AS resides in hardware in the phone.
not in the S IM, a nd must operate qui ckl y and
con tinuou sly to gene rat e a fresh set of228 bits
eve ry 4 .6 milliseconds. Also, becau se GS M
handsets are designed to opera te in differ ent
network s, the A S algo rithm must be co m mon
to a ll G SM networks.
T here are presen tly at least two different
im plementations of AS. T he first. ca lled AS I
I, pro vides the stronges t level of enc ryption
across the air link . Although purport ed ly using 64 bit keys, in actual practi ce the keys are
no mo re tha n 54 bits long . T he second, AS /2,
uses a 16-bit key and is designed for ex port to
non-W estern countries.
Since e nc ryption requ ires ad ditiona l hardware in ea ch base sta tion , ra ising the cost and
co mplexity of the network, a third optio n is to
em ploy what's euphe mistica lly called A5/0
- that is, no en cryption at all.

 Weaknesses
GSM sec urity is base d 0 11 keep ing Ki a
secre t. If Ki cou ld some how be ex trac ted
fro m a SIM, the hold e r would be abl e to create
a duplicate S IM . As demo nstrated in April of
this year, there is a weak ne ss in most GS M

networks that allows Ki to be determined.

The A3 and AR algorithms arc rea lly interface specifica tions . not the actua l rout ine s

themselves. A3 and AX defi ne the inputs

(RA ND and Ki ) and the outputs (SRES and
Kc) of eac h algorithm. but d o n' t spec ify e xac tly how each will produce the ir resu lt. Eac h
GSM netwo rk operator can ba sica lly imple ment wh ate ver sec ur ity ro uti ne s the y wis h as
lon g as the inpu ts and output s match the
definitions for A3 and AS. In addit ion, since
A3 and A8 take the same inputs. a combine d
algorithm ca lled A 38 is a lso defined .
GSM spec ifica tio ns pro vid e a "refe rence
implem entat ion" for A3g, spelling out the
details of an ex ample co m puter pro gram that
w ill produce SRES and Kc. It turn s out that
almost a ll network op erat or s ha ve imp lemented this example , referred toas CaMP 128.
C OM P I2X wa s de sign ed in sec re t and released o nly to a lim ited number o f grou ps
under strict no n-di sclosu re agreeme nts. Its
str en gth was based o n wh at c ryptographers
call security through obscu rity, rel yin g o n
that fact tha t since so few pe ople kne w th e
deta ils no one would find any weak nesses and
the algo rithm wo uld rem ain unbrok en .
As usually happen s wit h thi s typ e ofvscc urity.t' thc details of COMP I2 X we re eve ntually pie ced toget he r from leak ed do cum ent s
and other data . A g rou p of resea rc her s in
C aliforn ia assembl ed the algor ithm and sncn
found that it had a se rious flaw .
COMP I28 is w ha t's kno wn as a hash
jun ction . To ge nera te an an swer to a networ k
c hallen ge it take s a to tal of 256 bit s of informati on (R AN D and Ki) and produces a 32- hit
an swer (SRES ). Beca use there arc so man y
possihle values of RA ND as co mpared to
possible S RES values, il is likel y that mo re
than on e value of RA ND wi ll produce the
same SR ES . T hi s is known as a collision, and
in the ca se of COMPl28 it turn s o ut that suc h
co llisio ns "leak" inform ation ab out Ki.
By se lec ting the proper va lue s of RA ND ,
an attac ke r ca n eve ntua lly dete rmine the va lue
of Ki by ex am ining the S RE S colli si on s.
Usin g a smart card reader and so me c usto m
software, in Apri l of thi s year the researche rs
demo nstrated thi s attack by e xtrac ting the
secre t key fro m a Pacifi c Bell S IM in about
eight hours. Their so ftwa re repeated ly re qu e sted tha t (he SIM exec ute the COM P 128
authenti cation algorithm and e xam ined the

results, s low ly pieci ng toge ther the value of

Ki. On ce they had the sec ret key they cop ied
it into a no ther SIM card and eff ectively c lon ed
a GS M phone.
The researc hers also discovered an interes ting fact about Kc. th e c iphe r key used to
en crypt the contents of a G S M call. A ltho ugh
Kc is a M- bit key, the COMP I28 algorithm
fo rce s the last 10 bit s to a ll ze ros, e ffectiv ely
redu c ing it to a 54- hit ke y. It appe ars that the
ori gin al design er s, probab ly und er pressur e
from inte lligence and law enforcement agen c ies, delib erately weake ned the prot ecti on
that A5 pro vid es.
T he law in the United States req uires a
co urt o rder before a law e nforce me nt agen cy
is allo wed to w iretap a te lephone, cel lular or
oth er wi se . Legal wire taps are almost invariab ly performed at the m obi le sw itching cell ter, wh ere the mobil e net work joins with the
re st of the publ ic telephone net work . Th e ca ll
at tha t po int is ca rried o ve r wir es tha t can
eas ily be tapped , making eave sd ro pping relativel y easy. Ve ry fe w legal wiretaps arc d on e
by interceptin g the radio porti o n of the ca ll,
si nce it' s muc h easier, sa fer, and more re liable
to do so at the switch. Why the n wo uld law
e nforceme nt nge nclcs be interes ted in weak
radio encryption. if no t to perform illegal
w iretaps'!

Wireless Surveillance
Thin gs are still bo iling o n the legislat ive

front rega rd ing wire tappi ng. Jf yo u rec a ll. in

1994 Co ng ress passed th e Commu nicatio ns
As s ista nce fo r La w Enfor ccm ent Act
(CALEA), which requires telecommu nica tion s eq uipme nt and se rvice prov ider s to make
the nation' s wired and wire less te le pho nes
"wireta p friendl y." Pro viders an d equ ipme nt
manu factu rers are fac ing an Octobe r dead Iinc
to meet a set of co mpliance req uire me nts that
ha ve n't yet bee n approved by all sid es.
The tel ecom mun icatio ns ind ustry, as rcq uircd by CA LEA, has dev e lop ed a se t of
tec hn ica l standa rds to imp leme nt the law. T he
FBI, repr esentin g the nation ' s law enforcement agencies, has blocked imple ment at io n
o ft he sta ndards, arg uing that they don 't go fur
e no ug h in pro vid ing surve illance ca pabilities. Th e FBI h..is a " punc h list" of requi rement s th at the telecommunications indu st ry
a nd pr ivacy adv ocates say goes far beyon d
what Co ngress intended and what CA LEA
a llows.
Th is sp ring the deadl ock e nded up in the
hand s of the Feder al C om mu nica tio ns Com m iss io n (fC C), who w ill study the issue. ta ke
pu bl ic commen ts. and eve ntually issue a ruling to arbitrate the disp ute.
More information on GSM , CALEA, an d
other-wireless to pics is availablc on my web site
at www.decode.corn . and in my hook inside
Mobile Telephone Systems fro m Index Pu blishing. I a m a lso re ach ab le via e lec tron ic
mail at d(lll @dl'codc,co11l. Unt il nex t time .
happy moni torin g !

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(6 14) 866-4605 FAX (614) 866-1201

October 1998

MONITORING TIMES

77

FBI to Obtain New Radio System

t see ms that the Federal Bur eau of Investigation (FHO is conce rned with the unauthorized ea vesdropping of its co mmunicatio ns. I do not kn ow how it is in yo ur are a,
but here in South F lorida. the re arc NO clear
vo ice tra nsmi ssion s on an y of the FBI frequencies.
Acc ording to a n articl e in th e Augu st 1998
issue of Popular Mechanics, the FBI is going
to a new typ e of mobil e/portable radi o. It is a
Motorola Ast ro Se neca d igital radi o and the
Bureau will hegin replaci ng 12.000 of thei r
c ur re nt rad ios wi th these new units in the next
two years.
T he radios are j ointly buill by Moto ro la
and Harri s Corp. Motorola wil l pro vide the
radi o and Harris will pro vide {he Se neca processor with "Ty pe 1 enc ryption." This will
a llow tran sm ission of co m municatio ns up to
the le ve l of To p Sec ret.
In add ition to pro viding sec ure vo ice commun icatio ns. the rad ios wi ll pro vide the FBI
ag en ts w ith the ability to exc hange computer
file s and di gital fi ngerp rints with o ther fe deral and state agencies. as we ll as nation al
pol ice in othe r co unt ries.
Th e rad ios will not come che ap to the
tax paye rs. T he fir st 500 of the units will cos t
the tax payers over S8000 apiece. T he o nly
sav ing g race abou t thi s is that the o ld radios
(t he ones they are using now) will show up at
go vernm ent auctions a nd hamfests. O n the
o ther hand , on e has 10 be careful abo ut j um ping to co ncl usions based o n the in form ati on
yo u may find left in thos e rad ios. as you will
see in the foll o wing story .

Departmen t of Justice
I wa nt to than k my a no nymous fr iend
"A bc" who co nstantly keeps pro viding me
with ne w fede ral freq ue ncy inform at ion . T he
latest info co mes fro m two rad ios he bo ugh t at
th e Da yton Ham fe st. The se ra d ios were
Motorol a MX-300S units. One had DE S encry pt io n ca pability sti ll in it a nd had a
subaudi hle to ne o f 167.9 Hz. Th is o bviousl y
is FBI. Th e frequ encies we re neat ly tape d to
the bac k.

DEPARTMENT OFJUSTICE (FBI?/

Zone A
Q!

Transmit

01

1672125

78

167.21 25

MONITORING TIMES

Octobe r 1998

02
03
04
05
06
07
08

167.2375
167.2625
167.5625
167.6375
167.5375
167.61 25
167.6125

167.2375
167.2625
167.5625
163.9325
163.4625
167.6125
162.7375

Transmit
167.2875
167.3125
167.4125
167.41 25
167.4375
163.4375
167.4375
167.4375

Bfcm

lone 8

!l!1
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08

167.2875
167.3125
163.9125
163.8375
163.9625
162.6375
163.8875
163.9125

lone C
Q]

01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08

Transmit
167.5875
167.5875
167.5875
1675875
167.5875
167.4875
167.4875
167.4875

Transmit
167.3375
167.3625
167.4625
167.5125
167.5000
167.5000
167.6875
167.2250

163.9125
163.8875
163.9625
162.7375
162.6375
162.6375
163.9125
163.8375

lone 0
Q!

01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08

167.3375
167.3625
162.7625
163.9875
167.5000
163.9625
167.6875
167.2250

T he I6 21l 63 MH z freq uencie s used to be

rep eate r o utputs with th e inp uts in the 167
M Hz ran ge as indi cated in th is olde r rad io.
T hi s has since change d in the last five years.
and the 167 M Hz ran ge has no w becom e the
FBI rep eater o utputs and sim plex channe ls,
while 162/ 163 M Hz is the locatio n of re peater
inputs nati on wid e.

FBI Miscellany
While on the topic of the FB I. Da lla Stein
wrote into the Fedcom list with a q uest ion
abo ut a frequ ency that ha s been monitor ed in
the New York C ity (N YC) area. Th e frequ e ncy is 172.475 M Hz. Th e frequ ency is
used by uni ts wit h a Co bra ca lls ig n and it
see ms they are ru nning so me type o f surve illa nce. mostly using encr ypted co m ms .
Rick ey Ste in. the Scan -L Int ernati o nal
Ed itor , came bac k with the repl y that the se

units are probably r BI and ha ve been heard in

the NYC area for so me years. Se ems the
repeat er o utput listed above is locat ed in
Qu een s. T hanks Rick ey.
A t the last radio cl ub meeting o ne of the
club members carne to me with a qu estio n.
T hi s pe rso n ha s co llected a large num ber of
federal frequ en c ie s for both Drug E nforcement Ad m inist rat io n ( DE A) , FBI. and o the r
fede ra l agenc ie s and has plugge d them into
his scanne r. Proh lem is. he docs not rea lly
know what frequ en cies go with eac h agen cy.
Steve n Sc o tt of Deer Park, Wa shingto n. wa s
kind eno ug h to answe r his qu est ion o n the
Fed co m ma iler. He re is a fairly co mplete list
o f F RI and DEA frequencies used thro ugh out
the United State s. T he o rig inal list co nta ine d
so me o ld mater ial wh ich ha s bee n pa ssed
from han d -to -h an d for ye ars. bu t we ' ve
cle aned it up a g reat de al.

FBI Nationwide Plan

T his is the D bank of channels fo und in
nearl y eve ry FBI radi o in the co untry. T he A.
B. a nd C ba nks will co ntain the local di scre te
c hannels a nd the interagency/co unt y/stat e and
ot her co o rdin ation freq ue nc ies.

EmiMl1z

Q]

01
02
03
04
05
06

1645 50
164.550
166.4625
167.5625
167.5375
167.5375

Jill

Repeater out
Simplex
common
FB Inationwi de
Special ops simp lex
Special ops repeater
out

07

163.1000

08

155.475

Fede ral ops joint strike

force
National law
enforcement
coordination

OTHER FREQUENCIES USED BY

THE FBI
163.9375
163.9625
165.2375
172.4750

C2 Repeater input --unknownoutput

E5 Repeater in put-u nknown output
Coordination with Customs
Cobra units in New Yo rk City--83 Channel

FBI FREQUENCIES WITH NO

KNOWN DESIGNATORS
167.2625 167.2875167.3625167.3875 167.4125
167.4625 167.4875 167.51 25167.5875 167.6375
167.6500 167.6625 167.6875167.7625 167.7725

167.7875 168.3500 169.5000 170.6250170.6750

170.9000 173.1750 414.2000414.4250

T hese arc by 110 I11C iJll S all of the FBI

frequencies. Keep a check on the Fcdco rn
mailer (m ajo rc/ol1lo@qth. nel) and this column for new o nes as the)' are a va ilable. Also.

do ing a search from 163- 165 and 167- 168

M l-lz w ill ofte n produ ce new unk nown c hanne ls.
Th e FBI ha s a nation wid e sho rtw ave net work wh ich is tested every Mo nd ay at 0900

hours Eastern . The stations arc located in

major fie ld o ffic es and run 1000 watt s. T hey
are made by Harri s a nd have. ob viou sl y. hea vy

04
05
06
07
08
09
09
10
11
12
13

14
120.375
15
120.775
16
132.950
17
139.700
' Wecannot verify these lists

encryption capabilities. Their frequencies arc

(kHz):

f@J

T he Dru g Enfo rce ment Ad min istrati on has

a nati o nwi de ba nd plan also. We are lucky in

that there arc not as many frequencies in usc

as the FB I utili zes.

DEA STRIKE FORCE

rJ1

f!W.MfiI

Jill

01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10

418.625
418.900
418.750
418.675
418 825
418.950
418 975

Repeater out
Repeater out
Simplex
Simplex
Repeater out
Repeater out
Repeater out

11
12

419 300
419.375

4192 50
418.050

(Ihis is fBI)
Interagency
coordination
(this is f BI)
(this is f BI)

HIGH DENSITY DRUG

TRAFFICKING AREA
FREQUENCIES "
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10

414.550Repealer outICA)
41 4.500Repeater out (CAl
414.025Simplex (FBI/INS)
414.050Simplex (NY)
414.150Simplex (NY)
412.000Repeater out (CA)
414.350Repeater out (CA)
414.450Repealer out (CAlMA)
414.475Repealer out (CAl fUMA)
41 2.1 25Joint task force repeater out (CA)

DEA AIRCRAFT FREQUENCIES

lAM)"
01
02
03

282425
260 800
303.825

Blue 1
Blue 2
Blue2

Blue3
Blue 3
Blue 4
Blue 5
Blue 6
Blue 7
Blue 9
Blue 10
Unknown
Unknown
Air Surveillance FM
Mode
Air
Air
Air Tactical 1
Air Tactical 2

Mia mi Beac h. Th ere we re NO 4 15.7 MH z

transm issio ns fro m Air Force I. The ac tion
wa s found at 3..\.5.5 M l lz o n the widcb an d
mult iplexed ( Ill UX) transm itter ta lkin g down
tu an unkn o wn base stat ion he re in Flo rida .

F SS t!ATAlOG

DEA SHORTWAVE
COUNTERNARCOTICS
FREQUENCIES

5058.5 7903.5 9311.5 10498.5 12138 5 14493.5

15953.51 6376.0 17403.5 18666.0 20348.0

DEA has a Plan

336.600
353.900
254.200
243.600
381.800
283.400
361.800
281.400
355.900
350.450
418.500

5277
5841
7300
9497
7657
11076
14686
14690
18t l t
18666

CPannel ID
Alpha
Bravo
Charlie
Della
Foxtrot
Echo
Papa
Golf
DesignationUnknown
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T for TVA
A reader sent me so nic e-m ai l ask ing abo ut
the frequencies used by the T en nessee Va lley
Au thori ty. In the past the TV A has used bo th
lo w ha nd a nd UIIF freq uen cie s. It see ms they
ha ve done away with the ir 38 M Hz freq ue ncy
a nd have mov ed up to the V HF ba nd.
In so utheas t T enne ssee. the TVA peo ple
ha ve been seen curryi ng Mo to rol a Saber po rtabl es. Th e low hand traffic h;;IS been mo ved
10a repeater with its o utput o n 172.6 25 MHz
in C hatta nooga. Th e TV A po lice arc using

16R.225 and 17 1.150 MHz, almost always

encrypted . T hey d id go in the clear fo r rad io
test ing an d it was co nfirmed they we re the
cha nnel occup ants.
In the area kn o wn as " Land Betwee n the
Lakes" th e new radios ha ve not arri ved yet .
for the TV A police arc still usin g 166.3 25
M Hz fo r their base repeater at Golden Po nd
Sta tion .
As a fina l note . a read er in Wash ingt o n
State has no ticed the Se cret Se rvice wi th 800
M l-lzan tennaxon the ir cars a lo ng with the 165
MHz ante nnas. It seems a littl e bird ie at the
rad io sho p le t it slip tha t the Sec ret Ser vice is
usin g u ta lk gro u p o n the W ashi ng to n State
T ru nked Sy stem . Loo k for mor e of th is in the
fu tur e.
As a closing note. Preside nt C linto n wa s
do wn in Illy area visiting Sly Sta llo ne in

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I' lL'';:

7 16-223-6 1%

MONITORING TIMES

79

~LANE TALK

Jean Baker, K/N9DD

MAKING SENSE OF CIVILIAN AERONAUTICAL COMMUNICATIONS

Coming to Terms with Radar

clco mc aboard . eve ryo ne. As avi ation band mo ni tors. we qu ite ofte n
hear the word rada r (" rad io de tect ing and ra ng ing" ) used in ma ny of th e tran smission s be twee n pilo ts a nd air traffic co ntro llers at both termin al and c nro ute air traffic
co ntro l faci lities. Today we wi ll begin a lo ok
at the vario us co mpo nent s whic h make up
toduys modern radar system. alo ng with its

The rada rscope used by air traffic CO Il tro lle rs di sp lays ret urns fro m bot h the pr imary rada r sy stem and the ATCRBS. Th ese
returns. ca lled targets, are what the co ntro lle r use s to co ntro l and se pa rate traffi c , If an
a ircra ft has the nece ssary airborne eq uipmenlothe ATC R BS data is di spl ayed on the
radarscope in al pha/ nu meric blocks that show
the lli gh t numbe r. alti tude . gro und speed ,
climb o r desce nt. elllergen l.:Y, hand -off , loss
of radar co ntac t, and o the r inform ati on pe rtinc nt to the ai rcraft .
Radar uti lized by a ir traffic cont ro l facili ties is d ivided into two broad general ca tego ries: A ir po r t Surveillance Ra da r (AS R)

associated termino logy.

Th e Nati ona l Airs pace System (NAS)
co mp rises the co mmo n ne two rk o f U.S . airspac e: a ir na vigati on fac ilities. eq uipment,
services. airports and land ing area s. It pro vide s sup port for these areas ofrespo nsibi lity
by aeronaut ica l chart s, info nnatio n and services. rules and reg ulat ion s, proc ed ure s, tech nica l information, man po wer and materi al.
Includcd are sys tem co mpo nents shared j ointly
with the m ilitary .
Th e Na tio nal Heacon Code A lloca ti o n
P la n (N BC A P) is an ass oc iated system whos e
airspace includes the Un ited S tates terr itor y
loca ted w ith in the North American contine nt
bet ween Ca nada and Mex ico , including adja ce nt ter rito ria l wa ters outward to the bo un daries o f the oceani c co ntro l areas .
P r imary Rada r - A radar syste m in which
a m inu te po rtio n of a radio pu lse trans mi tte d
fro m a site is reflec ted by a n object and th en
recei ved bac k at that site for pro ce ssing and
di spl ay at an a ir traffic co ntro l facility,
Secondary (Su r veillan ce) Radar - T his
is also refe rred to as the A ir T raffic Co ntrol
Radar Beacon System . or the ATCRBS. In
this radar sys tem the obj ec t to be detected is
fitted w ith coo perative eq uipme nt in the for m
of a rad io rece iver/ transm itter (tra nsponde r),
Th e I n tc rro ~ a t or, which is the groun dbas ed rad ar be aco n tra nsm itter-receiver. sca ns
in sy nc wi th the pri mary radar a nd tran sm its
disc rete radio sig na ls wh ich re pet itio us ly req ues ts a ll tran spo nder s in the mo de being
used to repl y. T he replie s recei ved are then
mi xed with the primary radar returns an d bo th
are di splayed o n the same radarscope .
T he a irborne radar beacon tra nsmiuc r-receivcr o r tra nsponde r a uto ma tically rece ives
the sig na ls fro m the interrogato r a nd se lectively re plies with a specific pu lse group (code)
on ly to those interroga tion s be ing recei ved on
the mo de to whic h it is se t. T hese rep lies arc
indep end ent o f, and much stronger than a
primary radar ret urn.

80

MONITORING TIME S

October /998

and Air Route Surveillance Radar (ARS R)

A mo de is the letter or nu mber assign ed to a

spec ific pulse spaci ng of radio sig na ls tra nsmined or received by g round interrogator airbo rne tran spo nder co mponc ms ofthc A TC R BS,
Mode A (military Mode 3 ) and Mo de C (a ltitude reporting) are used in ai r traffi c control.

More about the ATCRBS

An integ ral part of the ATC RBS grou nd
equi pme nt is the decoder, Th is eq uipme nt enab les the control ler to assign discre te tran sponder co des to each ai rcraft under his co ntro l.
Ass ig nments are made by the Air Route Traffic
Contro l C enter (AR TCC) com pute r on th e basis of the Na tio na l Bea con Code A llocatio n
Plan , T he re are 4096 a ircraft trunsp onder codcs
which can be assigned. An air cra ft mu st be
equipped wi th civi lian Mode A or Military
Mode 3 capabilities to be assig ned a transp onder code,
T he decod er is a lso des igned to rece ive
Mode C altitude informa tion fro m aircraft so
eq ui pped . T his syste m co nve rts air craft a ltitude in l Oo-foot incr em e nts 10 code d dig ital
inform ation which is tra nsmi tted toge the r w ith
Mode C fra m ing pu lses to the interroga ting
g round radar faci lity . Whe n yo u hear an air
tra ffic controller tell a pilot whos e flig ht he ' s
working 10 "sq ua wk ident," this mean s that the
pilot sho uld activate the identi fy feat ure oft he
tran sponde r. which causes the as signe d co de
num ber to appear 0 11 the co ntroller's rad arsco pe .

- the cnroutc or A RT CC funct ion. Both

ty pes ca n sca n throu gh 360 degr ees of azimuth and pre sent target informat ion o n a
radar di sp lay located in a contro l to wer a nd
appro ach/d epa rture facility, as we ll as in an
A RT C C. Thi s info rmatio n is used independe ntly or in co nju nctio n wi th o ther naviga tiona l aids in the co ntro l o f air tra ffic . In
norma l air traffic control (A TC ) op erat ions,
ASR a nd ASRS is co mb ine d w it h the
ATCRBS (secondary su rve illa nce rada r).
althoug h ATCR BS can be used hy itself.
Nex t mon th we shall fe atur e par t two of
o ur loo k at ATC rad ar.

More Airline Callsigns

tRANAtR Iran National Airlines Corp.
IRAQI - Iraqi Airways
JAGUAR - BelizeTrans Air
JAPAN CHARTER- Japan Air CharterCo. Ltd.

JETSET Air 2000

JORDANIAN Royal Jordanian Airlines
JOHN DEERE- Deere & Co.
JULIEn MIKE- AirJamaica
KIWI - Royal NewZealandAir Force
KUWAIT! Kuwait Airways Corp.
LATE NIGHT - Midnite Express. Inc.
LOCKHEED - l ockheed Aircraft Corp.
MALEV - Hungarian Airlines
MAROCAIR- Royal Air Maroc
MEDIVAC- Ge neralCallsign Worldwide for Medical
Evac Aircraft
MERIDIAN - Meridian Air Cargo, Inc.
MEXICANA - Conpania Mexicana deAviacicn SA
MIDPAC - Mid Pacific Airlines. Inc.
MEl MAN Meteorological Research Flights
MIDEX - Mid-West Express
MIKEROMEO AirMauritanie
MOB ll- Mobil Oil, ltd.

MOTOR CITYFalcon Air, Inc.

NASA - NationalAeronauticsAnd Space Administration
NEW ZEALAND - AirNew Zealand, ltd.
NORWEGIAN - Royal Norwegian AirForce

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c an memorize thou sands of channe ls an d sc a n them at speeds up to
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in terc epts unattended . storing
them into vi rt ua lly unl im ite d

at www.grove-ent.com or call
800-438-8 155.

memory for later reca ll. Up to

eig ht indepe nde nt rece ivers can
be controlled at o ne time.

Get Anything on
Anybody

The Visitune spectrum display

spans up to 100 MHz at a time,
with storage an d reca ll of multiple scans. And yo u c an access

Lee Lapin . author of Vo l I and

2 of How to Get Anything on

any signal immediately by pointing and clicki ng yo ur mou se, or

e ven ra pidly tun c thro ug h the
spec trum by simply dragg ing the
mouse . Do uble-click ing on a
spike provide s acc urat e ce nterfreq ue ncy read out of AM and FM
signals.

The basic WR-3000j -DSP rece iver is ava ilable from Grove
fo r $ 1.995.
However. for rap id dep loy-

ment and compact applications in

which yo u can' t drag the co m-

puter around with you, consider

the MS8002 ($9,950), MS8003
($ I I,945)andMS8006($ 19,950)
com puter ized receiv ers. T hese

port abl e s ha ve all the advanced

spec ifications of the WR-3000i .
but arc se lf-conta ined - built
around two . three. or six recei vers respec tive ly. T he model s are
equipped for remote networkin g.
are internally Pe ntium hosted,
offer a br illiant thi n- f i lmtran sist or (T F I') LCD disp lay ,and
can digi tall y reco rd up (0 30 days
of audio !
For more information on these
surve illance recei ver s for go vernmen t usc. sec Grove ' s web pag e

Anybody and The WholeSpy Camlop" has co me ou t w ith " Ho w to

Get Anything on Anybody," the
newsletter. Vol. I No. I co m-

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82

MONITORING TIMES

Octobe, ' 998

pr ised I I pages pa ck ed wit h ti ps and

trick s for resea rch er s. inve stigators,
spies. an d "ge ne rally nosy peo ple."
$8 9 ge ts yo u 10 issues. o r yo u can
se nd $ 10 per issue (n o me ntio n of a
sa mple!). Se nd to Intelli ge nce Incorporated, 2228 S. EI Ca mino Real
#3 49, Sa n Mateo, CA 944 03.

g a nd a
sw ingv und jaz z
par odi e s
coaxed hom e sick so ldiers to
listen.
T he 35 0 pa ge Hi tler 's
Ain t(lI'cs. co au tho red by Horst Herum eicr
and Ra iner Lou and published
by Ya le Univers ity Pre ss. is an
obj ecti ve accou nti ng of the Nazis ' radio strategy. T he book is
accom pa nied by a compact d isk
with both ne ws and m usical progra ms from the er a,
Hitler 'sA i n t'(l\'es is avai lable
from Ya le Unive rsity Press in
Co nnect icut at 800-9X7-7 323. or
it' s $4 0 from the intern et' s Ama zo n Boo ksto re (ww w.a rna zo n.
cum ).

Hitler's Airwaves
Jose ph Go ebbe ls, prc pugunda
m iniste r of the T hird Re ich, W<l S a
firm be liever in the powe r of radio
- or what he terme d " mind-bo mbing." T he first targe t was the Ger man peo ple themse lves, bomb arded
wi th the message of anti-communism a nd anti -sem itism.
Th en anno un cers lik e "Axi s
Sa lly " wo rked to un dermi ne the
mo rale of th e A llied fo rces. C landestin e statio ns di rect ed agai nst listeners o n the ho me fro nt migh t re broadc ast act ua l BBC prog ra ms
mi xed wit h pro paga nd a to Eng lish
audie nces. or cla im to be broadca sting fro m Io wa in the U.S . w ith int ent
to co nfuse or di sco urag e. "Propu-

AR3000 A, 5000

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c ase . fo ur A A hatt e rie s. and
manu al .
Th e user- friend ly Mage llan
GP S Co lorTR AK Sate llite Navigator is av ailab le from Gro ve
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Th e po we rful l Lcha unc l recei vc r plu s t he d e tac ha b le
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Wrap -around rubb er g rip a nd
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October ' 998

MONITORING TIMES

83

Jane's Military
Communications

'li lian use-no old Jeeps. tan ks or

warp lanes . Sorry .

The ultimate directory. Jane 's

Military Communicatio ns de sc ribes in-depth more tha n 4.000

communi cation s systems CUT rently being manufactured or under de velopment. Descriptio ns

include full specifications, frequen cies. transmi ssion rate s.

manufact urer informat ion a nd

much mure.
Sixteen main sec tions cover
topics suc h as tactical comm uni cations. naval and air force sys tem s. sa te llite sys te ms. e ncryptio n and sec urity. s urvei Hance and

signalanalysis. direction-finding.
a nd jam ming sys tems. A glossary

and explanation of acronyms and

code names ar c among the help -

ful resources providedinthe book.

Jane 's Mil itary Comm unications is now ava ilab le on C DRO M ($ 1.075) or in yea rbook
form al (S350 ). For more infonnalion on thi s a nd other titles or to
orde r. ca ll 800 -824 ~ 076S or visi t
Jan e' s we bs ite ut www.janes.
com.

Encryption for the

Consumer
A reasonably-priced encryption program called Cybe rloc k is
ava ilable from Design Automation. Cybe rlock will prote ct yo ur
data files or C'1n add additional
laye rs to you r existing enc ryp tion
program.
I n addit ion to cnsuri ng that only
tho se possessin g the pussphruse
may read the tile. the pro gram has
a se lf-extractio n fea ture that en able s a user to se nd a speci fic
message or file to someo ne who
does not ow n the program . Sce
the A ug ust 9 8 "Compu ters &
Rad io" co l u m n for J o h n
Cat a lano 's
re view .
Vi si t
www .Da.com or cal l 7 13-97279 12 For more informat ion or to
orde r the $49.95 pro gram.

84

MONITORING TIMES

T he RaceTrac headphones arc

favorit es among racetrack regulars for the ir co mfort and for their
q uiet ing . These sa me fe at ures
make them ideal for anyone e ngaged in a lengthy mon itorin g (or
survei llance) ses sio n. especia lly
if ex terna l noise is a probl e m.
Th e $88 .95 Ruce'Trac C lassic
has a full y adj ustab le head ban d,
rigbt an gle 1/8-inc h (3.5 mm )
plug , and a 25 dB no ise redu ct ion
rating: Ihe $59.95 RaceTrac Plati-

October 1998

Passport to Web
Radio

grewe. lle l.

Trunked Radio
Systems (California)
Thi s handy guide to sca nne rs
in California lists 800 M Hz public safe ty trunking sys tems for
cou nty. stale. fed era l. and indu stria l users thro ugho ut the sta te,
ide ntifying frequencie s and talk
groups, as we ll as system manufac turers .
Trunked Radio Systems hy
Robert Kelty is avai lable fo r $ 1R
post paid fro m Mo bile Radio Resources. 1224 Ma drona Ave nue.
San Jose. CA 95 125-35 47 .

Witb 1.550 AM . FM .
a nd shortwa ve stations now using
the Internet to sim ultaneous ly rclay their rad io bro ad cas ts via the
We ll. it is no won de r that thi s
second ed ition of the Passport 10
Weh Radio directory sta nds out as
the single so urce for these aud io

broadcasts.

The ARRL Repeater

RaceTrac Headphones Directory (19981999 Edition)

America's Garage
Sale
Occasiona lly " f ed File" edilor Jo hn Fulford mentions hobbyists picki ng upe x-governrnent radios at hamfests or government
au ctions. But where docs old military equipment go? Often it goes
to auctio n. too. via the Defense
Reutilization and Marketing Service (D RMS) based in Battle
Creek . Michi gan. To find out
what' s availab le in your area. go
th eir
we b
s ite
at
to
www.d r ms .d la. m iJ.
No te.
though: you won 't find items for
sa le that are inappropriate for ci-

num has a detachabl e cord with

11K-in ch plug. com fortable clo th
ear covers, co mfo rt fit headband.
and a 24 dB no ise red uctio n ruting. Both areavailable from Grove
Enterprises by ca lling 800-4 3S8 155 or bye-mai l <at orcler @

Eac h year.
the A me ric a n
R'l dio Rela y
L e a g u e
(A RR L ) publish e s <I n upda te d pocket
book of VHFI
UHF a ma te ur
repeaters acro ss
North a nd South America as well
as other countries worldwid e.
Call signs. input/outpu t pairs .
spo nso ring organizations, and
tec hnica l not es are incl uded.
An e xc ellent li sting o f
bandplans is inc luded for 2H-2lJ.7.
50 -54 _ 144- 148_ 222-225. 420450. 902-928 . 1240 - 1300. a nd
BOO-BI O/B90-2450 MH z.Text
notes inform reade rs of repeater
protocol. c rcss (suba udible)
ton es, and nam es a nd ad dresses
of re peate r coord ina tors .
T o orde r the ARNL Repeater
Directo ry (1998 - 1999 Ed itio n)
ca ll Grovc Enterprises at 800-438 ~
8 155 and ask
BOK-I m. on ly
$8 plus shipping.

I,,,

O ne c ha pter profiles the leading Well radi o statio ns - mu sic.

et hnic, ta lk . re li gi ou s. news.
sports, childre n' s progra mmi ng ,
a nd more. An oth er c hapter a llows
the browser to tunc in on the co untry of his c ho ice - in the lan guage of his c hoice.
Exce llent insights int o Web
broadcasting. along with a n interest ing history of its inception and
evolution , arc inclu ded .
Pussport to Web Radio is ava ilable for $ 19.95 plus shipping from
Inte rnat ional Broadcasting Service s. Box 300. Penn ' s Park. PA
1894 3: ca ll (2 15) 794 -3410. fax
( 2 15) 7 94 - .1 39 6 . o r e m a il
m~\'k @p(l .'\!)J1orl. com.

Books and equipment

forannouncement or
review shOUld be sent to
"What's New?"
c/o Monllorlng Times,
P.O. Box 98,
7540 Hwy 64 West,
Brasstown, Ne 28902
Press releases may be
faxed to704837-2216 or amailed to
mtedllor@grove.nel.

RE'V,'IEW

Radio Max by Future Scanning Systems

By Steve Donnell WA 1YKL

he Radio Max software package is

~;:' RadroMax NONAME.FSS

1!!Il!J13

aversatileand easy touse program

to interface your scanner with a

personal co mputerrunning \Vindows 3. 1

or Win 95. Radio Max supports interfacing to a number of HF and VHF/ UHF
receiversincludingthe latestfromUoiden:
the BC-895 .
During our tests. we used Radio Max

lMon Jo l 13 09:05:12
"Man Jul1 3 08:51:26
}, Man Jul1 3 08:36:10
, Man Jul1 3 08:32:09
IMon Jul13 08:29:59
IMon Juln 08:29:42

311.00000
343 .10000
462.62500
235 .1000 0
311.00 00 0
28 1.45 000

AMMcConnell AFB and KS ANG SAC ShoclcerControl

Man Juln ( ;;':
AM Refueling AH-318 East. Entry
Man Jul 1] 08:51:26
fMN GMRS Cha nne l 4 S implex
Man Jul 13 08:36:10 ..,
AM USAF air to air refueling
Mon Jul 13 08:32:09

AM USAFSAC Primary
Man Jul1 3 08:29:59
fie
AM Kan sa s City Center Rem ote
Man Jul 13 08:29:42 ...

i Hits
: 52

on several different scanners: a PRO-

2035/with on Opto OS535 interface installed, an AOR AR8000, and an Icom

IC- R7000 , th e latt er two usi ng a n
Opt olynx as the PC interface. In oil cases,
configuring Radi o Max to operate with
each of these was very easy: All that was

13

o
1. ~cCon n ell AFB end KS loNG SACShoCker Conirol.

le..

_Montiu113

09:05:12

required was to select the name of the

manufacturer, then click on the model
number. Of course we also needed to

select the type o f radio-to-Pfl squelch that

we wanted. as this can vary among different radios and interfaces that can be used.
Bes ides being easy to install and se t
up, the main display " page" for the Radio
Max has a very distinct "Windows" look
and feel to it by having a tool bar along the
very top edge and two easily accessible
control bars for the most commonly
needed controls along both the top and
bottom edges. The upper portion of the
page is taken up by the History file lisl a simple listi ng o f all signal hits the program finds. Below that is a graphical
representation of a given range of frequencies theprogram issearching orscanning through. Left to right is the span of
frequencies. and vertical increments represent the accumulation of "hits" for a
given freq uency.
I was a bit disappointed initially to find
that Radio Max could not store ordisplay
the relative signal strength of any signals
that it logged. However, I reconsidered
this in light of the fact that only a few
scanners, like the o lder Radio Shack models (with an Optoelectronics interface)
and a couple of others. were evercapable

of this. Radio Max docs include a graphic

display to signal hits, whic h is much more
important and useful.
The graph also has a number of well
thought out feature s. Besides show ing previously logged frequencies, red marks below the base line indicate locked out frequencies. A sliding cursor shows the relative progression through a given frequency
file. Youcanalso use the Windows arrow to
click on a given frequency to lock it out
fro m bei ng sca nned orto instantly move the
rece ived frequency 10 any other frequ enc y
within the range or file being scanned.
The lower co ntrol bar provides most
instantaneous scanning co mmands and status readouts. such as received frequency.
operating mode, scan Stop/Sian and Pause
Timer selection. The upper task bar selects
most of the scanning frequency files and
different loggi ng options. When Radio Max
is used on a PC with an appropriate so und
card, one useful logging function that' s
available is to add a synthesized voice output that ca n spea k the received freque ncy
and the time/dale of the e vent. If you' re
recording, this will give yo u a log of the
signal reception.
One minorweakness Inoted with both of

the task bars is that the.freq uency display

in the lower left comer needs to be more
prominent, with larger digits. As it is. it
can be di fficult 10 see exactly what frequency the scanner is on unless you are
righ t in front of the PC monitor,
Otherwise, Radio Max is a visually
easy program to operate. It has the ability
to importlarge volumes of frequency data
such as from the FCC database on CD
ROM, or frequencies on a floppy disk.
Note. however, that our tests discovered
that some C D ROM s more than a co uple
years old may not be able to do this.
Overall , I have found the Radio Max
programto be easy to set up and operate.
It operates very smoothly on my oId
Pentium 90 PC and I can easily swap it
between my AR8000 and an IC-R7000
rece iver. I also have expe rience d the programto be very reliable: Inusing it to scan
a very active portion of the 800 M Hz
band, running continuously for several
weeks in an old "m emory starved" 486
PC, never once did it cras h.
For more inform ation.contact Future
Sca nning Systems at: 9 18-335-33 18 or
ontheWebat: www.tuturescannlng.com

October 1998

MONITORING TIMES

85

SCANNER EQUIPMENT
Bob Pomoss, AJ95

EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES FOR YOUR MONITORING POST

AOR ARB200 Scanner

he AO I{ ARH200 is a portab le. h igh end

"s uper" scanne r which afford s freq uency
cove rage from 0 . 1 - 2040 M Hz. It del ivers what the ear lier AR8000 mode l prov ided
and more . pack aged in a smaller. more finely
crafted hou sin g.
The AR82 0{)is not a sca nne r for beginner s.
It has more feat ure s tha n we've seen in any
oth er model, and even adv ance d hob byist s may

lind it difficu lt 10

ge ts com plic ated. Banks

arc iden tified by upper and
lo wer case lette rs A-J and
u-j. Banks arc pai red. e.g .
ba nks "A " and "a." "W'
and " b," etc, Tbc 100

channels per bank pair ca n

be reappor tioned as 60/
40 , 70/3 0, etc ,

Each me mory cha nnel may be pro gram med

w it h freq uenc y, mo d e.
step, step-adj us t of fset.
attenua to r e nab le, no ise
limiter. auto matic frequency control
(A FC ). and write pro tect. If you have
the patience . you can progra m eac h
mem or y wit h an alph an umer ic label of
up to 12 characters . using a proced ure
in which a slowly blinking cursor b lock s
yourv iew o f the currcnt charac ter. AO R
cl aims the n ash me mory req uires no bat ter y or
capac itor for hackup.
Banks may be lin ked together int o a "s can
gro up" for mult i-bank scanning and you ca n
defin e u p to nine suc h scan groups . Despit e the
co m plex memory organ ization , the ARS200
provides only o ne p riori ty channe l. wh ic h can
be po lled at inter val s o f I 99 seconds. You ca n

MUllYof the settings arc

mad e throug h the usc of menus. nav igated by a
lISC.

rotary thum bw hcel sw itc h and a fou r-key cl uster locat ed o n the side of the case (rig . 2 ). T he
14 0 page ope rating man ual is very thoro ugh .
except for the speci fic atio ns sec tio n. whic h
doe s not describe the intermed iate freq uen cy
( I F) arrange ment or dynam ic ra nge .
O ur A R8200 , SIN 55 0004. is an carly e valuation unit and is supplied wit h only a man ual.
steel belt cl ip. p lug -in A ivt antenna. and wa ll
wa rt pow er s upply. Prod uction un its 111.IY be
furn ished w ith those plu s four NiCd AA butteries. fused c igaret te lighter power- cord. an d han d
carry ing strap.
T his sca nne r has lo ts o f mem ory: 1.000
co nven tio nal channels. 10 tem porary chan nels .
and a sing le pr ior ity c hannel. The 1.000 co nve ntio nal channel s arc ini tiall y d ivided into 20
banks of 50 channels eac h. but here ' s where it

Portable Scanner Current Consumption

Meas ured While Scanning

Electra BC100
Unlden B C200XLT
Radio Sback PRO-67
RELM HS200
Radio Sb ack PRO 91
Unlden BC230XL T
Unlden BC3000XLT
Rad io Sh ac k PRO-26
Un ld en BC235XLT
Rad io Sbac k PRO-62
Radio Sback PRO-43
Rad io Sback PRO64
So ny ICF-SC 1PC
Radio Sback PRO-60
AOR A R2700
AOR A R8000
AOR AR82 00
ICOM IC-Rl 0

46

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"

,'.'. , , ,

..

.<

.,

--

..

56

''''''
.<

"

' "w

,'
..

..

- . .. .. ".
~

-,<',

.
-",". ,

., ,< !

..

65
69
70
70

','

76
76

..

' y"

...

~.

'

, .

, .,.

..

84
88
88

. ,....

95
98
100
100

, ,

20

40

60

80

100

115
-,..

.--.
120

139
158
140

160

rnA
Note: One sample of each mod el tested.

86

MONITORING TIMES

October '998

m erit .

Large char acters and ex cel lent co ntras t hel p

make the liqu id cry stal d isp lay (L CD ) d isp lay
easy to read . T he d isp lay and keypad ar e backlit
using g ree n ligh t emitting di odes (LE Os ).
The ban d sl:ope port ra ys a gra phical representatio n of s pectru m activi ty in an adju stable
100 k Hz - 10 M Hz wide span, but w ide r spans
ta ke lon ger to sweep. Th e AR8200 searc hes
silently wh ile dra w ing the scope dis play.
The band scope is more deta iled than the DJX IOT hand scope. The AR 82 00 o ffe rs a pea k
hold capab ility in w hich the ha nd is searched
repeatedl y w itho ut e ras ing the previou s sc reen.
T he resu lting sc reen sho ws accumu lated band
ac tiv ity ov er a long time inter val. A peak search
co m ma nd lets you hop among the strongest
signa ls o n the ba nd sco pe sc reen.

Performance

.
.. ,.

enab le a 0 - 9 sec ond rcscu n

del ay w ith each scan gro up. but
not pe r chan ne l.
You can progr am up to 40
pa irs of se a rc h limits. Ea c h
search bank can be configured
w ith a rece ptio n mode. noise
limite r enable. CTCSS tone (w ith CTS 200 o ption), te xt lab el. step and o ffset. and wr ite
protec t pa ra me ter.
T he AR8200' s of fset capability is grea t.
You ca n ass ociate a freq ue ncy o ffse t w ith each
me mory channe l and mo nitor a repeate r' s input
by pressing two keys. By listenin g o n the repeate r input. you can tell if the tra nsmitting mob ile statio n is near by. It is
al so handy for mo nito ring bot h s ide s of
a conversatio n in a two freque ncy s imp lex sys te m. like 15 2/ 157 M Hz taxi cab
base /mobile and V HF-low ba nd state
polic e network s. A similar fe ature is
fo und in modern VHF/U HF ham radio equi p-

Copyngbt 1998, Bob Parnas s, AJ 9S

Good sho rtwave recept io n requires findi ng

the rig ht ante nna and we recommend you start
by using a 20 foot length of w ire. Our AR X200
is virtually stone deaf on s ho rtwave whe n fitted
w ith the s upp lied an tenna or a 19" w hip. Like
our A linco DJ-X lOT . it is se riously ove rload ed
by a 132 foot long d ipol e unless we lise the
built -in atte nua tor.
T he supplied "dorsa l li n" ante nna. w hich
plugs into a mult i-pin connecto r atop the rad io.
provides ade q uate A~,t broa dca st hand rCl:cplion.
Compared with s im pler rad ios, our AR X200

less
sen sitive

ness o f fe atu res. If you like bei ng ab le 10 control

ju st ab out every as pect of a scanne r. yo u "lllikc
the t\ R8200 .

AR -8200 NFM SENS ITIVITY

12 dB SINAD, 3 KHZ DEVIATION, Serial #550004

3.0

MEASUREMENTS
AOR AR8200 PORTABLE
SCANNER SIN 550004

2.5

2.0

>;;l

1.5

J~

1.0

J.-"..

....

L>.

.......... ,,-

0.5
1::1

0.0
0

200

more
sens itive

400

600

800

1000

1200

~
1600

1400

1800

2000

FREQUENCY (MHZ)

sc a ns slo wly ( 14 c ha nne ls/sec) and requi res

mo re c urre nt (see com parison ba r gra ph). Au di o qu al it)' is s lightly ab ove othe r por table
sca nners. though not as room fillin g as the
RELM HS-200.

up four se ts o f da ta fro m the searc h ban ks

and 1,000 memory channel s hut ca nno t be
search ed or scanned. Th e ma nual stales th at
tr a ns ferrin g dat a be tween the SGlIlIlCr 'S
memory a nd the E MH200 tak es 20 secon ds
10 com p le te .

Options
Th e IF (in termediate freq ue nc y ) sc he me is
nut spec ifi ed in the manual and we d idn 't dedu ce it usi ng lest eq uip ment. If yo u wa nt to
co nnec t yo ur A R8200 10 a per son al comp ute r
se ria l port . you must first pur chase a CC8200
cab le an d ob tain the necessary so ftwa re . COIl trust thi s to the SON Y SC J PC sc a nne r whic h is
s upp lied with both ca ble and software (sec
A ug ust M 7) . Do cumentation desc rib ing the
co mputer inte rfa ce commands are not furn ished
with either scanner.
AOR will he o ffe ring seve ral optio na l cards
wh ich p lug into a s lot on the bottom of the
AR R200, th ou gh we wer e g iven none 10 test.
T oo bad th ere is room for only one card at a
ti me. Among the cards listed in th e operat ing
ma nual a rc:

Extreme Scanning
Our AR R200 is insen s itive on shortw av e. It
pe rform s well on V HF a nd UH F. hut so do
many less expens ive mod el s. T he diff erence is
in fle xibilit y . o pe rati o nal compl e xity . and rich -

Freq uen cy cove rage (MHzl:

0 .1 - 824.009, 8 49 .00 1 - 86 9.0 09 ,
89 4 .00 1 - 20 40
NFM Sensitivity: see graph s
AM Sensitivi ty 110 dB S/NI :
2.24 ~V @ 5 MHz
1.99 uv @ 15 M Hz
2.5 1 ~V @ 25 M Hz
0.40 ~V @ 30 M Hz
MDS (minimum discern ible signal):
0 .75 - 0 .84 ~lY @ 5 - 25 MHz
FM mod ulatio n a cceptance: 9 .7 kHz
Selectivity (not mea sured]:
SSB/NAM : 3 kHz @ 6 dB, 9 kHz @
60 dB
AM/N FM : 9 kHz @ 6 dB, 20 kHz @
40 dB
W AM/NFM: 12 kHz @ 6 dB, 25 kHz
@ 40 dB
W FM :150 kHz @ 3 dB, 380 kHz @
20 dB
Practica l mem ory scan speed :
14 chann els/ sec.
Sea rch speed: 2 1 ste ps/sec.
Curr en t consumption a t 6 VDC:
off - 0.4 rnA
ma nua l - 135 rnA
sca n - 139 rnA
full volume - 196 mA
lomp - 25 mA od ditional
Battery saver: after ad justab le de lay in
Ma nua l mod e
low battery warn ing at 4.71 VDC or less
Shutdown ot 3.85 VDC or Ie"

II
The advanced AOR AR8200 and other fine listening
products are availa ble from Grove Enterprises.
CALL NOW TO

ORDER WBR 27

Onlv
..
.J $5999; ph h ,.lti l ..
S

I'r", n l~

I. V I82 0 0 157 freq uen c y vo ice in ve rsi on

dcscrambl cr .
2. CT8200CTCS S lon e se arc h a nd lo ne searc h.
Ind ividual ton es ca n he pro gram med into
memory chan nels and searc h hanks .
1. TE 8200 25 6 freque nc y ton e e limi na tor.
4. RU8200 vo ic e recorder and pl uyb nc k ,
records up to 20 sec onds. It ca n se t to start
record ing whe n th e squelch op e ns but mu st
he manua lly sto pped un less it times out.
5 . Erv18200ex lc ndcd mem or y, w hich ca ll buck

.
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October 1998

MON ITORING TIMES

87

MAGNE TESTS
SHORTWAVE EQUIPMENT REVIEW

la wrence Magne
EditarinChieF, Passport ta WorldBand Radio

Sangean ATS 404 Economy Portable

othing is quite so tell ing as imitation .

w hen Fiat co mes up with a new car.
few competitors pay atte ntion . But
whe n Mercedes Benz come s up with a ne w
design for its cars. soo n half the cars on the
road look like Me rced es .
Last year. Gr undig came up with a nifty
trick reenerg ize its sales of \vor Jdband radi os .
T hey employed the F.A. Porsch c Design
Group-yes. from the same family that desig ns tho se V-2 s on wheels-to come up with
an innovative design for one of Grundigs
COmpUl: I radios.The result was a silver beauty,
und it reportedly has been a grea t success.
Now. Tai wan' s Sa ngca n has do ne so me -

thing: similar with its new ATS 404. Although

it lac ks the Grundigs sty ling panache. it is
ubout the same size and shape as the G rundig .
with the same crsatz-a lumin um vtech' fini sh .
A nd altho ugh the country of ori gin is nowh ere
to be found 0 11 the '404 or its box . it is clea rly.
like the Grundig. made in China.

A lot of radio for $99.95

Th e '404 has only recent ly gone on sa le,
bu t a lready the stree t price is j ust und er S I00 .
And for this economy price it has muc h more
10 offer than we normally expect to find .
To beg in with. the '4().l, powered by four
"A A" batteries, is dig ital. Its liqui d cry stal
display (LCD) "i nformat ion ce ntral" has large
digits to show frequ en cy. as well as 24-hou r
time in two zo nes (a lthough, as wi th many
othe r Chine se radi os, the leading time zero is
inappropriate ly suppressed. so OI :25 d isp lays
as I:25 ). lnci denta lly. a lthough the time won t
show while rhc freq uency is being disp layed.
when the time is visib le it displays ex act
seconds nume rical ly-c-unusu ul at this price .
There arc also alarm and snooze-timer faci lities .
T uning is by keypad in the c usto mary
te lephone formal . as we llas up/down slewing.
"s igna l-seck" sca nning. shortwave band selector a nd 45 preset s- but no tu ning knob .
The re is a n "A PS" preset scheme for the AM
and FM band s that we found to be of little
practic a l usc. T he re is a brief si lent pau se
whe n slew tuning from one c hannel 10 anothe r. h UI it is not so lon g or annoy ing as on

cert ain ot her models.

Th e 404 tunes AM from 520 - 1710 kHz in
user -selectab le 9 or 10 kHz increm ent s, FM
fro m 87.5- 108 M Hz in 0. \ MH z incr ements.
a nd wo rld ba nd from 2300 26 100 kHz in 5
kl-lz increments, Longwave is not cove red.
O n our unit. purc hased in thc United States,
the AM channel setting was incorrec tly placed
at 9 kllz: it is easily reset.
Hand y user features include an illuminated LCD . a po we r loc k, a Flip-ou t elev ation
pane l to cock the radio at a handy listening
angle and a soft-p lastic pro tecti ve tra vel case.
However. like man y other Chi nese radios the
powe r lock docs not keep the LC D illum ination from accidenta lly co rning on. As has
bee n the c ustom w ith recen t Sangean rad ios.
there is no carryi ng suupor handle . and as you
wou ld expect at this price range there is no
sing le-sideband demod ula tion .
Abov~v erag e

performan ce for price

Perfor mance is slightly above average for

an economy model. Sensitiv ity to weak shortwave signals is superi or. to the point whe re
we encountere d occasio na loverloa di ng. This
is easily de alt with by gradually shorte ning
the telescopic a nten na until things sound nor mal. a nd especially for M id western e rs and
west coa st dwellers is a preferable situation to
ha ving inad equate sens itiv ity.
O n AM. if you don ' t co llapse the tclescopic an ten na yo u may find the band awash
in ove rload ing . But, for those in the hus h.
ex te nding the ant e nna might be a way of
brin gin g in faint distant AM sig nals.
Dimin ishing the usefulness of a ll that weak -

signal sensitivity is that the radi o tends to pick

up so me digita l hash from its ow n circuitry, at
least in the A M band and lower sho rtwave
ba nds. Someti me s you hear it. sometimes yo u
don ' t. but it suggests that bet ter shielding is in
order.
Selectivity is decen t. not hing more. On our
unit .the filter was ske wed to the high side , so
that . say. 5975 kHz wou ld be audible o n 5975
and 5980 kHz. hu t not 5970 kH z.
Image rej ect ion is medi ocre, as befits the
radio's ped estr ian single-conversion design
that is the norm for radio s in this price cla ss.
Indeed . among digita l recei vers selling for
under $ 100. only the So ny IC F-SW 30 has
double -con vers ion ci rcuit ry to e nsure good
image rej ec tion . It is the '404 ' s on ly sig nifi cant drawba ck , and is most notice able within
the upper reaches o f the 60 meter tro pical
band, where 49 me ter signals "g hos t" thro ugh
to mak e listeni ng all but im pos sible.
Audio qualit y is reasonable for the radio ' s
size. with a three-le vel treble-c ut contro l a nd
limited low-frequen cy reprodu ction.
T he qua lity of Sa ngca n's Taiwan -made
mode ls has a lwa ys been superior. On the
ot her hand. all ma kes of world ba nd rad ios
from Chi na. alth ough m uch improved in rece nt years. still tend CO hav e a shorter life than
mos t ot he rs . Bot tom line is thai g ive n
Sangcun's lon g track record of atte ntion 10
man ufac turing detail, the '4 04 w ill pro ba bly
hol d up we ll.
Although the Son y ICF-SW30 re main s oor
favori te und e r-$ J 00 performer, it is se rio us ly
flawed when il comes to ea se of tu ning. Altho ugh the performance of San gc an ' s new
ATS 404's is a notch unde r the So ny's, it is
much morc flexib le to tunc and has a nicer
roster of features: it makes a welcome subs titu te for the rece ntly disconti nued Grundig
Yac ht Boy 305 . For man y the '404 will prov e
to be the better cho ice.

UPDATE:
Version 3 of Japan Radio NRD-545
A ltho ugh Jupa n Radi o orig inal ly info rmed
us that they were don e wit h making im provemerits to the new NRD-545 DS P rece iver.
withi n wee ks J RC in Tokyo air shipped us a

Tire lIew Sangean ATS 404 is available/rom Grove Enterprises (800-438-8155)/or$99.95.

88

MONITORING TIMES

October 1998

pair of upgraded ROM s to enhance rece ption

quali ty. Thi s is a good sign. as it suggests the
ma nufacturer is de termine d to get it righ t with
this important model. \Ve installed these on
ourunit. undalt houg h we found little changeindee d. one chip bears the same num ber as the
prior version-s-in one important respect it was
posit ive.
One o f our main crit icisms was of disappointing ultimat e se lectivity. Japan Radio ' s
enginee r pointed out that the receiver wou ld
have better ult imate selectivity if we changed
our measurement technique slightly by altering the measurement point , which is true but
lead s to the testin g equivalent of "grade inflation." Nevertheless, we chec ked out the new
version our usual way. plus their preferred
way and points between .
Because of subjectivity introduced by the
do zens of spurious tones that appear when
trying to measure this receiver in the lab.
regardless of how the measuremen t is perform ed it is not possible to give the usual
objec tive ligure for ultimate selectivity. However. it has definitely bee n imp roved over the
orig inal 45 dB . and is now anywhere from a
conservat ive 50 dB to an optimistic 65 dB .
dependi ng on how you factor in the spurious
responses and where the meas urement reference point is set. While this is still a mediocre
show ing for a model in this pric e class. the

benefit of this improvement is real.

Amo ng other things , the improved ultimate selccti vity has allo wed us to more closely
dete rmine the shape factors of the vario us

bandwidths at -6 dB/-60 dB. On the '545,

these impro ve- get smalle r-as band width
increases , so for exa mple the 6 k Hz bandwidth has a cliff-steep shape factor of I:1.06.

whereas the 0.5 kHz CW bandwidth weighs

in at I: 1.61 . All voice bandwidthshave shape
factors of I : 1. 14orbeUer,a magnificent show ing.
On ouru nit with the v3 chip set. the "ECSS"
featu re (Exa lted Carrier Selectable Sideband)
made no audible difference in adjacent-channel interference reject ion betw een lower and
upper sideband settings.Thi s almost certainly
is a one-off anoma ly. as the first two ROM
packages provided accept able "ECSS" sideband selectivity. so this odd ity shouldn' t show
up in regul ar prod uction.
More important than the numbers themselves is that Japan Radio has dem onstrated a
tan gible interest in makin g improvement s to
this mod el. Thi s is. after all. their first OS?
unit . and OS? technology is tricky even for
manufacturers who have bee n at it since the
outset.
The question is whether the receiver. which
uses o nly one microprocessor. has enough
horsepo wer to o vercome its ex isting limita-

tions. regard less of the manufacturer ' s good

inten tions. A spokes man for the chip's man ufacturer. Analog Devices (www.analog.com ),
cites some imp ressive numbers that would
suggest that much better perform ance can be
obtained fro m the ' 545 using its exis ting

SHARC DSP. The rub is that in a DSP rece iver the microprocessor has to serve many
functions. each of whic h robs it of performa nce for the rem aining operations. Whether
the ' 545 ' s is already stretched to the limit
rema ins to be seen.

This equipment review is performedindependenrly

by Lawrence Mogne and his colleagues in
accordance with the policies and procedures of
InternationalBroadcasting Services, lJd. It is
completely independent of the policies and
procedures of Grove Enterprises, Inc., its
adve rtisers and affiliated orga nizations.

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exhaustive tests of premium shortwave
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October 1998

MONITORING TIMES

89

COMPUTERS & RAD~O

RADIO-RELATED SOFTWARE REVIEWS

John Cotolono,

no

Lcata lano@conknet.com

First Look at WinRadios WR1SOOE

to p the presses! I know I prom ised yo u

so me top ics at the end of last mo nth' s
co lum n w ith the best of inte ntio ns. But
when the goo d people at W inRad io asked if I
wou ld like to be the first rc vicwer ofthe ir ncwl y
announced , PC based , wide band communications rece iver . I rep lied . "You bet !" Our-edi to r
and I bo th agreed : MT readers wo uld wa nt the
latest and grea test information availab le on
new prod ucts. So. here ' s a story that yo u may
not rea d in other magazines for many mo nths.

What's a WR 1500e7
Although we co vered PC based rad ios a few
yea rs ago, it' s wo rth repeati ng so me basics 10
refresh o ur mem ory and for newcomer s to the
colum n.
PC based rece iver s have no phys ica l contro ls. Instead. these receiv ers connect to serial
po rts of a PC and are contro lled via software
displayed on the computer's scree n. So what
about the WR 1500e? T he"c" indica tes Ihat this
radio is ho used in a bo x external to the co mpurer. The size of th is very stur dy , attrac tive,
grey meta l box is 4.8 x 8.5 x 1.8 inches - abou t
the size of two thick paperbac k boo ks, laid end
to end.
Thi s diffe rs from Wi nRad io pro ducts ending in an "i." mea ning the rad io is on a PC
ex pansion ca rd moun ted on the motherb oard
inside the desktop co mputer's case. Th e strong
point of the "e " produ cts is their po rtability.
Sinc e the y connect to external port s they ca n be
used with des ktop s and mobile laptops.
We were among the first to look at the
W RIOOOi two year s ago . We ll, since then . the
1500 seri es has added a wider freq uency range
(up to 1500 MHz), sma ller tun ing steps, increased sensitivity and better selectivity tha n its
olde r 1000 brot her. The recep tion mod ulation
mod es, AM , FM narrow, FM wide and CW.
now include separate sideband cho ices of USB
(uppe rs ide band j and LSB (lower- sideband). In
CW, USB and LS B, the use r can choose 10 tune
the radio in I Hz steps (thaI' s not a typo grap hical erro r).
An IF shift co ntrol allo ws the user to mo ve
the cent e r freque ncy of the intermedi ate freque ncy (IF) tu ned ci rcu it by +/- 2 kH z. Th is is
a very useful featu re which worked quite well
when using the 1500e in crowded band co nd itions .

Making the Connectio n

All connec tions are made al one end of the

90

MONITORING TIMES

Ocrobe' 1998

FIGURE 1
ISooe ca se. Th is incl udes power. se rial port .
PCM C IA, speaker outp ut and d iscriminato r
outp ut used for data co nver ters. T he other end
of the case ha s an On-O ff sw itch and a pmvero n LED . T he W R 15UOe gets po we r from a
small boxed 12 volt power supply.
Si nce the cable go ing from the box to the
wall o utlet (ma ins) is a wo rld-standard rem o vab le cable: no out let type will be a problem . T he
powe r supply c ircuit automaticall y adap ts to
the correct vo ltage . T he WR 1500e ca n be connccted to any com puter ' s serial (com ) port via
the incl uded 9 pin DIN cable .
O n ne wer laptop co mputers uno thcr co nncctio n method is the PCMC IA card. T hese ultrath in, 1 x 2 inch me tal encased card s slide into
slots on laptop s .1I1d are usu ally used to inc rease
memo ry or add ex ternal devi ces such as C D
ROM s. Using the PC MCl A requi res an optio nal acce sso ry. WR- PCA. whic h come s from
Wi nRadio with the card adapter and cab le.
Th is method is very co nve nien t for laptops
witho ut an easily acc essible seria l port . My
IBM Thin kpad 70 l C fits that description per fec tly. To make co nnect ion to the IBM ' s the
serial po rt requ ires attach ment to a doc king
station. Usi ng the PCr\"l C IA o ptio n eliminates
rhis curnbcrsorne necessity. Although a speaker
output is provi ded . an internal speaker. wh ich
fires upward, is mounted on the top of the case .
A partially shielde d 20 1'0 01 wi re ant enn a is
supplied with the ISUOc, but is dism issed as an
"indoor test antenna " by the Wi nRadio manual.

the low er rig ht of the on-sc reen recci ver . Instullat ion of the pro vide d. single disk software,
version 2.5 1 wa s quick am] easy. Con necti ng
the WR 1500e to the seria l port, I loaded the
software on my IBM wi thout a proble m. T he
now fam iliar ima ge of the W inRad io receiver
appeared. See Figu re l.
The setup as ked whic h computer seria l port
the I500e was connected to . If you guess wron g
- no probl em. The progr am ju st info rms you it
cannot find the radio and to try aga in. T he se tup
cou ld not be eas ier. If you have an older version
of the W inRadio program, it dete cts that and
appea rs to eve n save yo ur old freq ue ncy files .
Very slick.
We also tried the o ptional PC MC IA inte rface. Due to my older versio n of W indows 95 it
would not allow a connec tio n, ind icati ng that
W indo ws 95 could not "fi nd" a req uired "J nf"
file. T he so lution was to man ually dir ect W indow s 95 to a subd irecto ry in Wi ndows where
Win Radio ' s installation program depos ited the
required winrad.inf file . After this procedure
the PC MC IA interfa ce work ed grea t.
Th e latest version of W inRad io softw are is
so user friend ly yo u can be u p and moni toring
with in minutes. A 27 page co mpre he nsive
manua l is nicely suppleme nted by o n-line detailed instruction s of most functions. A detailed
instruct ion sc reen is ju st a mou se cl ick awa y at
any lime .

The Software - Deja Vu All Over

Again

So how does uuser contro l WR 1500e ? Po inting 10 the desired function on the scree n - for
e xamp le. the vo lume control on the right side
- and cli ck ing the left mou se butto n give s you
contro l of that function . II' s a ve ry simple
graphica l user interface (GU I). All major func-

Wi nRadio uses the same softv..'arc fo r bo th

the 1000 and 1500 series rece ive rs. The only
d ifference I noticed was the sma ll" W R 1500" at

A Good Gooey (GUll

tions can also be accessed via

keyboard stokes wh ich are listed
in a p ulldow n menu ..It the top o f
the screen.
There arc a nu mber of methods o f selling the freq uen cy . Th e
simples t is to ju st (0 type it in the
large box at the top. Fo r those of
yo u w ho wan t the feel o f all " in
the fles h" rad io . mo v ing the
scree n cursor to the large ro und
luning knob bel ow the di splay
a nd then pushing the left mouse
b utto n tu nes the radio higher in
freq uenc y. Cli ck ing the right but to n tunes the rad io lowe r in fre Sl.t: f68 ~
quency .
The tun ing stcp is determ ined
I '....
- -e ithe r by the number you input in
the box to the right of the displ ay
or via another pulldown menu .
Thi s step can be <IS small as I Hz
in the side band mode and 100 Hz
in the o ther modes . As if that we re
nOI enough. cli c king on thc verti ca l arruws on the right side o f the
d isp lay will tune slew the frequency . T he keyboard tuning is
also co nve nient using the page
up/down and ..rrrow keys.
The very usef ul Du ple x function is still a part oft he software.
T his allows the user to quickly switch betwee n
IWOfrequenc ies with a fixed freque ncy separatio n.

!,..."

Saving and Scanning

The on ly functions wh ich tak e a few seco nds
o f read ing arc the memory functi on s. Due to
the ir built-in flexibi lity the mem ory and scanning functions can be used in <I num hcr o f ways.
Freq uency ranges. discrete frequenc ies. o r
bloc ks of freq uenc ies arc j ust so me of the
sc anning method s that the 1500e user can
choos e. Th e type yo u choo se will depend o n the
pur pose o f your moni toring ; fo r ex ample,
whethe r you arc searc hing for new ac tive frequcncies. mnni toring prcviously stored freque ncies o r listen ing in o n a g iven se rvice . Further
scan co ndi tions can also be set. su ch as picking
which signal modes sho uld be scanned.
An oth er useful feature is the alphanumer ic
freque ncy ide ntifier which you ca n ass ign to a
stored frequen cy . The ident ifie r is displ ayed
belo w the tuned frequency . In Figure I we have
sto red Radi n Austria and the time it wa s hea rd
in Engl ish. Editing of a ll da ta field s is a very
simple one- step process.
The recei ver' s "resume scan ning" ca n be
set to one o f four method s: when signal d isappears. after a user-defi ned delay lime . if the
sig nal d isappe ars during the del ay tim e . or only
if no signal app ears dur ing the del ay time .

..:J ~

ILOll H1:

Sl~: IllllH Mo:::::J

BfJN:

11 J.Hz

I ",..,, !~.ffiI.3I
a,;; I
---

Seeing is Hearing
T he jewel ill the crown of'thc Win RaJ io is its
spectrum scope as see n in Figure 2. Now you
can " sec" active frequ encie s in a use r-defined
range o ffreq uencie s. In thi s case we arc loo kin g
at the Ff\'1broadcast band. Th e tal l peaks arc F!\1

stations.
Since our first re vie w of
WinR ;Jdio product s VisiTune
ha s been add ed. Th is lets yo u
tu nc to any frequ enc y jus t hy
placi ng the screen cursor o n that
frequ ency o f the s pectru m scope
cha rt. For exam ple. in Figure 2.
yo u can sec from the number in
the top left co rner that we arc
scanning between 8X and 108
MH z. We have placed the cursor
at l OS M H/. and cl icked the left
mouse button. Th is imm ediatel y
tun es the rece iver 10 105 MHz
anti displays the "cu rso r" frcq ucncy in the top left of the
screen.
The so ftware can magni fy
and display a se lected pan ofthe
spectrum. as sho wn in Figure 3.
All arc very . very useful for signulhunting expe ditions.Th e scan
rate is user set. having a ma ximum rare ofSOsteps per sec ond.
Next time we ' ll o perate the
WR 1500 . Mean while . for any
bu dding software deve lopers
amo ng
yo u. c he c k o ut
Win R udi o'.s
wc b si te
..It
www .wtnrudlo .c om . T he re
yo u ' ll he abl e to d o wnl o ad
Winkadins co ntrol modu les in a num ber o f
development languages including Visual Basic . C and others . If anyone has the tale nt. time
and amb ition 10 develop so mething for the
WR 1500e .or the WR lOOOi. E-ma il me wit h the
de tail s. T ill nex t time.

Tile lYR1SOOe is available fro m Grave. Set ad 0 11 p. 11.

This e ncyclopedic refe rence tor professional monitoring statio ns and

se rious sho rtwave listen er s for over SO years bulgc s with sta tio n intormutiou .
vtaff listings . co ntact in formal inn . wo rldw ide mcdiuruwavc and sbo n wuve
freq ue ncie s. and program sc hed ule s in all lan guage....
A ...pcc iul Eng tish langua ge pro gra m section makes smnon selection .1
breeze. Includes non -UiS. TV and F:'o l broadcasters as well!
C ha pter.. iJ ellli fy abbr eviation.... ex plai n prop agation for ec asts. 'in n ou t
lim e Lones. nud recommen d eq uipment and ucce- soncs.
Order hdon' ~fl\emher .' 11. 199X. IIl!aJ,.c- advantage Ill' thi , ' l'I\.'ci:11
di wount otfcr! ..Avnila ble hnuar) IlJlJ\} .

GROVE ENTERPRISES, INC.

with FHEE S IIIPP I:\G in US.
( Afll" :"lm.." ......' .\ U. lhc 1'1l<"C " '111 Ix' S ~" 'I~
1' 111' S~.5O ,h l l'I' "'~ h .. furelj:n ,h'I>PIn~.
I'k J "" '1<li.1 S(,.2.~ I, ... r" ' l',!!n ,"rf....c lorin lcd
m.lI!. Sh f" r A'r \ I.,il in C~n ;"Ja. and S1.l r",
Air \hil d " ,,h,,,c. )

October 1998

\-800-438-8155 (US & (anada)

828-837-9200; FAX828-8372216
7540 Highway 64 Wesl
Brasslawn, N( 289020098
web: www.grave-ent.(om
e-mell: order @grove.net

MONITORING TIMES

91

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Rachel Bou hn, Editor

NEWS AND VIEWS FROM OUR READERS

Don't Get Spooked!

Th is somewhat esoteric editi on of MTi s
o ur "spooky" Oc tobe r issue - next month
we will return yo ur magazin e to more traditio nal rad io to pics, Bu t we know man y of
y o u adm it to being fa scinated by
shortwave 's weirde r signa ls.

Take Edward Defreitas of Farmington,

Connecticut. for instance. Ed carne across a
Morse co de num bers statio n last s umme r
around 0223 UTC o n 101 19 kH z and
co uld n' t resist try ing to ana lyze it:
It sent " DA DU D UGGNT WGI GD
TAT RD M DUNN MGW UI ... and more
for qui te a while. Th en it sent A R AR AR
ATMDU ATM DU ATM DU ATM DU
ATM DU BT BT BT, foll owed by what
appeared to be a sec ond message that end ed
d iffe re ntly .
" After I co pied its message on two sides
of a shee t of paper and reali zed this cipher
needed a key. I started scanning for a cl ue
or two . Only one struck me as unu su al: In
all that I co pied. no 5-letter g roup co ntained
any of the follo wing lett ers of the alphabet:
E, Z, Q, S, B, C, H, J, K, L, F, or P. Seve ral
5-letter groups contained a seq uence of
three letters, such as UUURA .
" I then tu rne d my att ent ion to David
Kahn ' s great book The Code Breakers and
began o n a d iffere nt line of tho ught .."Let ' s
say the first two letters represen t the vert ical part and the last three leiters represent
the ho rizontal co mpo nent. Th en . wherever
these intersect cou ld rep resent a phrase of
so me sort. Thi s is the bar est for mula that
can be app lied. But whe n they' re o nly using ha lf the alp habet it certain ly lim its
one's choice s.
" If this hel ps sort o ut a m yster y ...
GO OD! "

Almost in Hot Water

"While living in Det roit in the ea rly
1970s." says Robert Lindsay. " I happened
to hear and thu s record an aerial hij acking
of a DC-9 owned by So uthern Airlines. I
called the Detroit News with the scoop and
nego tiated a fee for excl usive righ ts to the
tape and any info I co uld add to the sto ry.
To make a lon g sto ry sho rt, within 12 hours
the FB I wa s involved, and I tho ug ht I was
headed to Sa n Quentin.
"What I heard and reco rded over the

92

MONITORING TIMES

October 1998

airwaves was ce rta inly not illegal. But in a

time when Viet Na m was very mu ch a part
'of our lives and metal detectors we re ju st
popping up at our neighborhoo d airpo rts ,
hijackings then (and no w) are se rio us busine ss.
" My tape was co nfisca ted and never
return ed . I don 't fee l I was treated wrong ly,
but the se nsitive nature of my story cas t an
' act now and ask qu estions later ' element to
it...
Rob ert, who was not impli cated , has a
mess age for gov ern me nt age ncies: "Do n' t
kill the messen ger!"

Alilense to talk?
AI Ortiz has an idea related tothis month 's
" Closing Comments." But he wo nders if it
has a chance , given that Co ng res s relies o n
special interests to fund their cam pa igns.
" It is tim e that we stop bend ing to every
whim and o uch that people have . We simply ca nno t afford to make everyone's interest a matt er of Co ng ress . Rather than make
laws against sca nners (dem ocr acy), regulatin g VFOs, etc., perhaps we sho uld make
ce llular users have a license and a test that,
by sig nature, relea ses liabilit y to those that
'overh ear ' th eir public speeches. Th at
do esn 't mean ther e can' t be laws aga inst
those that wo uld record and use thi s informatio n agai nst a ce llular user."

Affordable DVD
" I fo und the February CO M DEX artic le
very interestin g w ith special regards to the
Philips' T V-P C- CD-DVD (d igital vide o
d isc) co mbinatio n sys tem. I w as shocked at
the app rox imate pri ce of $5000, and I hav e
found a bett er alte rnative (i.e ., so me real
competitio n).
"Tiger Direct ( 1-80 0-888-4437 ) offers
two sy stems, known as PC C INE MA , with
a price lag of $999.99 and $ 1399.99 . Bo th
are DVD sys tems with a built-in IBMco mpatible co mp ute r, and can a lso do two
functio ns at the same time (i.e . finish a
sprea d sheet while watching a movie).
"Both systems hook up to your TV .
co me with a w ireless key boar d and uni versal rem ote , and have reso lutio n of up to
16(Xl X 1200' (plu s, like othe r co mp uters,
they arc expanda ble)
" It ' s like ge tting a co mp uter for $500.

si nce most DVDs cos t $500 o r more. So far ,

thou gh , th eir we bsite doe sn 't s ho w it
(www.tigerdirect.com). so youhaveto call
for yo ur free ca ta log ( 1-800 -888-4437)
Palll Midlick, Gira rd, Off

Great Stuff!
" I ca nnot tell you how m uch I enjoyed
' M onitoring the Federal Governme nt During Emerge ncies.' It was full of reall y useful information and plent y of new freq uencies to diddl e with.
"With the onse t of the hurricane season I
wa s also very interested in the hurricane
frequ en cies by Hugh Steg man in whic h he
listed frequ encies for hurri cane ai rcr aft. Th e
dail y flight sc hedules for the se airc raft are
made public o n the NOA A we bs ite at
www.nhc.noaa. gov . Eac h day they list their
n ight sc hedu le for that and the next day .
Yo u ca n also find sate llite and radar images
fo r those of us who ca nno t afford a utility
receiver yet. For those who do, NOAA lists
th eir T CP ra di o FAX sc hed u le at
w ww .n h e ,no a a,go v/abo lltr adio

fax.html ."
Chris Stroup. Norman, OK
" Ij ust read yo ur o nline stateme nt rega rding the end of one of my two favor ite
magazin e s. (MT bein g th e o the r ) I'm
stunned. Eac h copy of Satellite Times has
brou ght me more inform ati on , facts. tips.
hint s, idea s and exci tement than an y other
satellite monit ori ng sou rce . Each copy was
an encycl oped ia . It has give n me man y
hours of everyt hing fro m rem embering the
thrill of the ear ly days of space ex ploration.to
plan s and d reams of ex pand ing my own
person al ad venture, listeni ng around the
so lar system .
"Con gratulat ion s o n maki ng Satellite
Times the mon thl y bibl e for o uter space
monit oring, and do ing a first rate jo b with
eac h co py. I w ill miss Sa tellite Tim es very
much . Satellite Times reached the stars each
mo nth . T hanks for bringin g us a long ."
Ray Stickney, via email

We w elco me letters from o ur rea der s at

letters to the Edit or, PO Bo x 98,

Bra sstown , NC 2 8902 o remo ilto Rache l
Baughn , mteditor@grave.net.

INDEX OF ADVERTISERS

Alinco DJ-XIOT
Covering 100 kHz-2000 MHz (less cellular). the triple-conversion
Alinco DJ-X IOT monitors AM. NFM. WFM. USB. LSB. and CWoA
Channel Scope provisio n vis ually di spl ays 40 cha nnels sim ultaneo usly so
yo u ca n qu ick ly tune to <I nearby sig na l as so o n as it appears o n the sc reen ,

Help messages assist you choose your level of opera tion from
begi nner th rou gh expe rt ! Th e alphanume ric dis play a llow s you to
nam e -tug eac h cha nne l's co ntents for ins tant tD. Au to- me mory write

auto matically stores frequencies d iscovered duri ng unatte nded

scarching--up to 1200 channels in 30 banks.

A1inco

73

Anfique Radio Classi~ed

A~anfic Ham Radio

9
27

Bony Electronics
Boger Electronics

63
75

Cabinet Cammunicafions
Communications Electronics
Computer Aided Technologies

13
29
82, 83

Higl y ve rs at ile scan ning mode s in clude IO-group progr am.

progra mme d mem ory, selected mode. du al- VFO . linked-range. and
priority. Up to loon un desi red frequ encie s ma y be locked out from

CRB Research
Delto Research

79
69

the sca n/search sequence.

OX Compufing

45

FineWare
Future Scanning Systems

31
75

Add itiona l features includ e auto-timer, d ock , clon ing, dem o

mo de , key loc k. p riorit y. d is play c o ntrast. lo w batte ry a larm .
VFO>mc mo ry entry, se lec table uttc nuator, and back light.

ORDER
WBR 2
SIO I -S
'!ail or
Only $38995 plw.
, .ps 2nd I....) Air Shippinll

ve Toda)'

CaU G ro
order !
lace
"
our
to P

Prioril~

Glenn Hauser
Grave Enterprises
ICOM

35
5,1 1,23, 87, 91,
93, 94
Cover III

Jocques d'Avignon

GROVE ENTERPRISES, INC. (Visit us at www.grove-ent.com)

(800) 438-8155 (US & Canada); 828-8J7-nOO; 828-837-22 16 (Fax)
754 0 Hwy 64 W. Brasstown. NC 2890 2; e-mail: ord cr @g rove .nct

John Figliozzi
Kevin Carey
KIWA Electronics

40

61
21
9, 67

K1ingenfuss

TRADE-IN BARGAINS!
Grove Enterprises offers
liberal trade-in allowa nces for
yo ur used recei vi ng

equ ipment; we even buy

it outright. Call us tollfree with a description
of wh at yo u have: our

operators will tell you what it's wo rth.

And if you are looking for used bargains. all tradeins are carefully checke d and/or reconditioned. and
carry a 90-day warranty.
Visit our Weh site
(w w w.gro vc-ent.com/g rove/
hmpgbbb.htrnl ) for a list of

our used radio eq uipme nt. or

call us now for a quote.

Call Today!

GR.

G ROVE ENTE RPRISES, INC.

\ -800-438-8155 US and Canada ;828-837-9200; FAX 828-837-2216
7540 Highway 64 West; Brasstown , NC 28902-0098
e-mail: order@ ~mve.net; web: wwwgrove-ent.com

69

Lentini Communications

LP Communicafions
Monitoring Times
Mulfifax
OptoElectronics
Palomar Engineering
Popular Communicafions
Radiamap
R.C. Distribufing
R.D.!. White Papers
Satellite Times
Scanner Moster
Skyvision
Sany
Stridsberg Engineering
Swagur Enterprises
Universal Electronics
Universal Rodio
Viking Internafional

21
95
79
Cover II, IV
17
59
41
71
89
95
59
63
25, 64, 65
9
89
19, 77
15

WSfI

WiNRADIO
Wireless Morkefing
Ckleber 1998

MONITORING TIMES

7
17
81
69

93

STOCK
EXCHANGE

Ads for St ock Exc ha nge must he recei ved 45

da ys prior to pub licatio n date. All ads mus t be
paid in advance to MOl1iloring Ti mes,
Ad copy mu st he typ ed for Icgibili t)".

NON-COMMERCI AL SUBSCRIIIER RATES:

M Ol1i/ o rillg TiIllI' S assumes /10 rnpoll.lihi/iry

$.25 PC-f word - Subscribers ollly.'

Allmerchandis e must he personal and radio-related .

fo r 1II;.\"I"('P"" SI'I11('(1 lI1t'l d w " di.\ t'.

LI GH T N ING ROilS , Ins ta ll yo u rself.

website : www .lightn ing rod.cum or ca ll

1-81111-532- 119911,
CONS UM ERTRO NICS 21111+ hi gh- tech

su rvi val puhlicat inns, Special Projects,

Elect ro n ics , mi cro wave. compute r s,
Internet , pho nes , secu rity, ener gy. fina ncia l, radionics, exotic weaponry , co unte r mea sures. Ca tulng $3US. $7 fore ign. PO
Box 230 97 .AlhU<l ue rqu e, Ni\ l 87 192,
www.tsc-glohal.com/consllm er. html
FRE E 811-I' AG E RAIJIO CA TALOe;, Ca ll
] -80 0-522 8863, or vtstt ou r websi te:

FREE S W LCO LLECT ION: Exte nsive collc clion ofQS L cards. verifica tio ns, prem iums. and
logbook s from ye ars of SW Ling has been do nated 10 MT. If you or y our o rga nizatio n wo uld
like to be the rec ipient of thi s magnanim ou s
collec tion. send us a letter indicat ing your inte rest and intended usc . The o nly cos t will be
sh ipping fro m MT 10 yo u. Monitorin g Times,
PO Bo x 98. Brassto wn . NC 2890 2.
WA NT ED : NYE Viking Stati on Monit or Model
RFM 00 3 RFM 00 5 . Pa y ing $600. Randy
B a llard . N5 W V 90 3 -6 H7 - 3002 . e - mai l:

611, No r wich , CT 1163611, 8(,11-823 , 12311,

NON-SUIlSC RIIIER, AND

1 3/~" SQUARE m SP LAY AU; $50 per issue if

ca me ra- ready co py o r. $85 if co py (0 be typese t.
Photo-reduction $5 uddiucnal charge. For more
information on commercial ads. contact Beth
Leinb ach. R2H -389-4007.

FOR SALE: Rad io Shac k PR0 2035 sca nni ng

radio. 1000 channe ls o f mem ory. T unes 25 10
52 0 and 760 to 1300 M Hz less ce llular.
Ex ce lle nt c o n d it io n. $ 26 0 s h ip pe d in
CONUS . Call To m, 513-89 1-54 87 .
W ANT ED: Un iversal M -4 50 Read er. 909 7X8-64 74.
FOR S A LE: lcom pe R I000 widcband radi o.
Tunes 100 k Hz to 1300 M ll z less cellular.
Exce llent condition . Price $400 shipped. Ca ll
TlIm ,51 3-891-54 H7.

tmt coprysm. ncr

ccr une .com

HDU Il Y S H O P: c us to m ize d filt e r s .
pro fessional coa x, RF conn ectors, Econn
Electr onics, 624 West Main Stree t, Suite

CO M ~ I E IIC I A L,

l\IULTI PLE S ALES RAT ES : S 1.00 per wo rd .

Comm ercialline ads printed in hold type.

W A NT ED : GRE HOO M Hz conve rters . Need

hot h base and portab le mo del. Dan, 407 -57 R00 2X. e-ma il: d mckcc wmaglcncr.nct

M T COL LECTOR SET: Com p lete se t of

FOR S ALE : Tek Scope-22 15 w ith cove r probes

and service manual. $695. A n- Di Elec tronics,
412-664-44 50 .

MT from 1987-1997 is a vailab le fur $25

includ ing ship ping in US. l nd iyidual year
sets from 1989-1997 a re also a va ila ble for
$ 10 ea ch inclu din g shipping in US. COlli
Nada today ut t- 800-438-8t55 to or der
your set.

RA DIO RESTOR ERS : I hav e 1000 s of new

and used vacuum tub es. Se nd a SA SE for a free
list. Je ff A rndt. 1215 Divisio n SI.. M ani to woc.
W I 54 220 -57 34. 9211-684-HH30 .

W A NTE D: San gcun A TSH03 A/ DX4 4 0 .

Wor king co nd itio n. Wi ll pay top $$ or trade
an ICF-20 10 for ' {ik e new . in box ' co nd ition .
Bill. 6 10-494- 1559 .
WO ULD LI KE TO BUY YH-4IXI, YB -5(XI.
Sat cl lit-700 or ot her 3-star radio in mint
con dition. Conservative pr ice. Call Tom. 413 877-7270 o r emai l: tomharnmctt O j uno .co m
FO R SALE: P RO 2030, HOO MHz, 52 00 .
Rea listi c 20 22. 800 MH z. $ 175. Bot h in
ex celle nt co nd ition. 909 -788-6474 .

WE LOOK FORWARD 1'0 YOUR V'S'TI

Grove's Wor ld of
Rad io Monll o rln g

G rove Enterprises has on e of the fastest growing web sites in the

bu siness! Thousands of Iolks-ju st like you - visit our site daily,
II discovering bargains that aren 't in our printed catalog ,
You' ll find used shortwa ve and sca nner trad e-ins, test equipment,
a nd listening a ccessories, plus information from our great magazine ,

,, "Iik ee

,iil l

_. 0

W on/t you visit us now?

' .,>," ~,

F@"@ffi,,

Ou r convenient address is:

_____ ..
~

94

MONITORING TIMES

M oniforing Times!

October 1998

www.grove-enf.com

Open 10 hobby ists worldwide, the

CANA DIAN INT ERNATIONAL OX CLUB
is Canada's na tional, general coverage
radio club serving members since 1962.
The Messe nger features columns on
AM/F M , sho rtwave . util ities , scann ing,
aSLing , pirates, ham radio and more.
Send $2 for a sampl e copy to:

Find All of Your

Scanner and
Shortwave Needs
On-Line!

CIDX
79 Kipps St., Greenfie ld Park ,
Quebec, CANADA J4V 38 1
e-mai l: ve2shw @rac.ca
Web: www.anarc.org/cidxl

R F P 1 THERMO MUGS
16 '0. $ 10 each, ppd

Radio Fest 98
Join the Ontario o x Auodatlon

at our annual c:onverdon

lor 008 oIlhe year't top radio everu,

,0 FUn p

~~

October 2-4, 1998

Mohawtl; College. Hanilon, Ortar lo

Ontario OX Association
Box 16 1, Sta!ion A.. Wilowdale
Ontario M2N5S8 Canada
Phone(.t 161293-89 19 Fax (4 16}293-6603

{'O'\7"A \l\Co'lq(o~,,(

Com mu" ity

Internet 7O.tOO..266O@corr1>uaerw.com

v OUI vweb lor the llI:l...t nlo

'JVuIio

P,O. Box 20 728 - M

PORTLAND , OR 97220

_,durhanYadlo.calodlt8

How to build complete communic ation s syste ms. Cove rs

short wave radi o, amate ur radio,
citizens band, scan ners, federal,
weather, alte rnate news, satellite
radio, equipment sources. How to
buil d alternate emergency power
sources, solar, generator s, backup
batter i es. 200 p ag es. $24.00
Prio rity Mall . MC or Visa. Call
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October 1998

MONITORING TIMES

95

LOSING
OMMENTS

By Bob Grove,
Publisher

Legislators above the law?

U.S. Distric t Judge T ho ma s Hog an di sm issed a

lawsuit against Rep. Jim McDermott who gave

tap e recordings of a notoriou s ce llular te lep hon e
interce pt of Ne wt Gingri ch 10 the news med ia.

While Hogan was sharply critical of McOcrmon.

he said that theCongressman' s Constitutional right
to free speech out weighed the right to pri vae y

und er the Electronic Com munications Privacy Ac t

(ECPA). An interesting - and far-reaching decision.

According to Hogan, while the ECPA makes it
illegal to divu lge th e co ntents of an illegall y recorde d ce llular telepho ne call. it is not illegal 10 be
the rec ipient of suc h a tape. Th e indi vidu al s wh o
recorded the interce pt were fined $500 eac h. but
Mcfrermot t was not under any legal restri cti o n
abo ut di vu lging the co ntents of the tape he was
give n. An ap pea l is ex pec ted .
T he dec ision stands in marked co ntras t to 47
USC s 605 (Sec tio n 705 o f the Co mmunicatio ns
Ac t). which spec ifically forbi ds suc h a di sclosure:
No person having received an y intercepted
radi o communica tion or having become
acqua inted with the contents...of such communicat ion knowing thot such communication was
intercepted, shall divulge or pub lish the
existence, contents, substan ce, purport, effect,
or mean ing of such communica tion for his own
be nefit o r for the bene fit of a nother not entitled
thereto.

As o utrageo us as tha t deci sion may seem. it isn't

alo ne. Co ns ide r. for ex amp le. a ne w book from
Incom mu nicado Pre ss publi shed by Gary Hust wit
en titled. The Spaccwurm...1 Listen, subtitled. " A
Docume nt of Digital Voy e urism ."
Acc ord ing 10 a New York Times article. the
an on ymous aut hor know n as "V " ha s been illegall y
monito ring and rec ording ce llular telep ho ne co nver sation s orr the air for the past five yc ars, initiall y
wor king them into his performance of'tcch no music.
No w. the most salacious and gra phic e xa mp les
ha ve been se lec ted to produce a book. Lega l ex-

pens. familiar with listenin g laws. sho uld have a

fie ld da y w ith this o ne. right '? Wrong!
Accordi ng to Marc Ro tenbe rg. dire ctor of the
E lec tronic Privacy Information Ce nte r in Wa shington . DC. and report ed by The Nt'U' York Times.
".; peop le th ink they're se nd ing se a led en velope s
(hy ce ll phone , whe n in fact) they' re se nding the
e lec tronic eq uiv a lent of ope n postcards ."
As in the Hogan/Mc Denn ott issue , Rot en berg
co m pares the intercepti on with the const itutionality o f publi shing the co ntents of the intercepts . He
feel s that the publi sher "has the right to publish . but
whoeve r intercept ed the co nve rsatio ns co uld be
pro sec uted for violating wiretap laws."
Both of these opini ons from legal "expert s"
see m to pro tect any indivi dua l who reveals the
co nte nts o f an inte rcept ed private co mmunicatio n
pro vided he was n' t the one who did the inte rcept !
Whil e suc h a land ma rk dec isio n would let man y
hobbyists. news media. a nd radio publications off
the hoo k for report ing the co ntents of inter cepts.
think of the more se rio us ra mifi cat io ns of suc h a
preced e nt.
Vo yeurs co uld no w ano ny mo us ly han d over
tap es of ce llular c alls. cordless pho ne calls. or even
physical wiretaps to ne wspapers. TV and rad io
bro adcaster s. political riva ls. bus iness co mpctitors, or an yon e els e wh o co uld use the co nte nts to
suit the ir own purposes. Wh ile the inter ce ptor is
theore tically liable fo r his (pro bably unpro vable)
ac tion . the recipient, who could do the most da m ag e. is not.
T he Comm uni cations Act is very explicit and
clea rly for bids suc h re velations. It is our op inio n
that if the co urts we re more informe d and co nsislent in their readin g and enforc e me nt of th ese ageold law s, suc h misg uided legislatio n as was pro posed in the past ye ar by Represe ntat ives Markey
a nd T au zin might ne ver have bee n in itia ted . Wha t
the co urts ultimatel y decide to do (or no t to do)
abo ut th ese and si milar cases cou ld have co nside rable im pac t o n the radio mon ito ring ho bby.

n~
I
96

MONITORING TIMES

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