Ensure a safe workplace

Assessment activity 1
What information should be provided when communicating policies to
staff?

While communicating with staff we must have to provide these information

Compliance with relevant state and territory OHS laws

Implementing, monitoring and continually improving OHS
management system to create and maintain a culture that values
health and safety
Maintaining an active risk management program focused on preventing
workplace injury, damage and loss
Ensuring all managers are responsible and accountable for health and
safety of their employees and contractors
Ensuring all employees, contractor and visitor are informed of and
understand and fulfill their health and safety responsibilities
Providing information, instruction and training to employees and
contractors based on identified needs
Effectively consulting and communicating with employees on matter
relating to OHS
Proactively investigating all workplace incidents and promptly
implementing corrective actions to prevent recurrences
Measuring, reporting and monitoring meaningful OHS performance
indicators that are aligned to the organizations strategy and objectives

And also they should be well known about these things which are listed below

1. Legislative frame work- workers in Australia are protected by state

health and safety legislation. Regardless of wither someone is working
full time or part time, has a permanent or casual they are covered.
2. Acts- acts are laws passed by parliament which can be enforced both
commonwealth and state legislation will apply OHS practices in
Australia.

3. Regulations- regulation is legal document made under acts.

Regulations are defined in more specific details on how the legislation
is to be implemented.
4. Codes of practices- in additional to legislating and regulation, codes of
practice provide documented advice, on methods of achieving the
minimum acceptable levels of safety performance, to employers in
various industries.
5. Standards Australia
6. Legislation
Assessment activity 2
When defining responsibilities, what must be included?
The responsibilities can be as follows

The development of an OHS plan within the managers area of

control

Leadership in improving risk awareness and the elimination of

hazards

Implementation of the plan

Consultation with and support for employees on OHS issues

Meaningful investigation and reporting of OHS incidents

Compliance with OHS policies and regulations

And responsibilities for staff are

The Chief Executive Officer
Senior management
Middle management
Supervisors
Employees and Contractors

Assessment activity 3
What are some examples of financial and human resources necessary to

ensure the effective operation of the OHS system?

The necessary financial and human resources necessary are
Human resources must include

Contracted training personnel

Risk assessors

Rehabilitation consultant

Trade people

Occupational therapists and medical professionals

Risk and compliance personnel

Additional staff to assist with increased demand

And financial resources can be

Additional staff

Cleaning

Storage facilities

Updating machinery

Training

Therapeutic appliances

Assessment Activity 4
What are some examples of participate arrangements?
Some participate arrangements are

Regular information sessions

Formal and informal meetings

Meeting called by representatives

Health and safety committees

Other committees, such as consultative planning and purchasing

Other means and processes for raising request and concerns, as well
as contributing suggestions and reports to management

documented issue resolutions process

easy access to relevant written workplace information

Assessment Activity 5
Outline the step involved in resolving a dispute in context of a participate
arrangement.
The main steps are
1. The hsr is advise of or observes an immediate threat to health and
safety.
2. The super visor is informed of the threat
3. If the supervisor is not available the representative can direct work to
cease
4. If the supervisor and hsr agree there is threat, supervisor can direct
work to cease
5. If the supervisor and the representative disagree on the action
required, or do not take action, the matter can be referred to an
investigator
6. An investigator will take place
7. if the investigator decides there is no threat, no action is required
8. if the investor decides there is a threat, they can specify what action is
required to remove the threat
9. the employer can either take action or appeal the investigators
decision

ASSESSMENT ACTIVITY 6
What are some forums that can facilities the communicating of information
that is accessible?
Email
Letter

Discussion at staff meetings

Meetings with individual staff
Posting on notice boards
Memos
Discussion with supervisors who can communicate the change to staff
Newsletters

ASSESSMENT ACTIVITY 7

Which tools must be considered when developing procedures relating to

hazard identification and risk assessment?
Material safety data sheets (MSDS):- MSDS is a document containing
important information about a hazardous chemical (which may be hazardous

substance and/or dangerous goods) and must state:

a hazardous substance's product name

the chemical and generic name of certain ingredients

the chemical and physical properties of the hazardous substance

health hazard information

precautions for safe use and handling

the manufacturer's or importer's name, Australian address and telephone

number.
The MSDS provides employers, self-employed persons, workers and other
health and safety representatives with the necessary information to safely
manage the risk from hazardous substance exposure.
It is important that everyone in the workplace knows how to read and
interpret a MSDS.

National and state injury statistics:- National and state injury statics are
based on injuries that occurs Australia wide. The information can predict

trends and can assist to develop precise, prevent strategies when

comparisons are drawn with organizations similar to current business.
Industrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme for new and existing
products and chemicals relates to compliance with the commonwealth
industrial chemical act 1989. Under the scheme there is an Australian
inventory of chemical substances and all new and existing chemicals are
assessed and certified according to hazardous risk.
Standards and codes consist of practical advice on issues and includes
preventative strategies to assist with hazard control. They are baseline for
comparison and a check for business to see if they conform with relevant
acts and regulations and meet the duty of care requirements.

ASSESSMENT ACTIVITY 8
How can hazard identification happen at the planning and evaluation stage?

Supervisor and worker discussions

Independent audits

Job safety analysis

Operability studies

hsr and employer discussions

Work trials

There are some of the hazards included

Physical hazard
Chemical hazard

Ergonomic hazard
Radiation hazards
Psychological hazards
Biological hazard
Environmental hazards
Draw the following hazardous scenario on a cause and effect diagram
A plant maintenance worker, john was using an aluminum ladder to reach the
gutters of two-storey office administration building. He was working alone
and attempting to install a gutter guard device. It had been raining that
morning and wooden decking surrounding the section of the office building
he was working on was slippery. He had almost completed the task when he
lean to his right to see around the corner of the roof and the ladder slippery
to left causing him to fall off it and break his arm as he landed.
Assessment activity 9

With regards to the order of hierarchy, what is the best possible scenario in
terms of controlling risk?
The best way to controlling risk is to eliminate the hazard have to follow
procedures which must address what options are available to get rid of the
hazard altogether and this is based on the assumption the best way to
eliminate risk to eliminate the hazard.
Step 1: Identify the Hazard
A hazard is defined as any real or potential condition that can cause
degradation, injury, illness, death or damage to or loss of equipment or
property. Experience, common sense, and specific analytical tools help
identify risks.
Step 2: Assess the Risk
The assessment step is the application of quantitative and qualitative
measures to determine the level of risk associated with specific hazards. This
process defines the probability and severity of an accident that could result
from the hazards based upon the exposure of humans or assets to the
hazards.
Step 3: Analyze Risk Control Measures
Investigate specific strategies and tools that reduce, mitigate, or eliminate
the risk. All risks have three components: probability of occurrence, severity

of the hazard, and the exposure of people and equipment to the risk.
Effective control measures reduce or eliminate at least one of these. The
analysis must take into account the overall costs and benefits of remedial
actions, providing alternative choices if possible.
Step 4: Make Control Decisions
Identify the appropriate decision-maker. That decision-maker must choose
the best control or combination of controls, based on the analysis of step 3.
Step 5: Implement Risk Controls
Management must formulate a plan for applying the controls that have been
selected, then provide the time, materials and personnel needed to put these
measures in place.
Step 6: Supervise and Review
Once controls are in place, the process must be periodically reevaluated to
ensure their effectiveness. Workers and managers at every level must fulfill
their respective roles to assure that the controls are maintained over time.
The risk management process continues throughout the life cycle of the
system, mission or activity.

Assessment 10
How can inadequacies in the hierarchy of control?
The inadequacies can be controlled by

Discussion between managers and HSRs

Independent audits

Observations and investigations of worksites

Feedback from staff

An emerging pattern of injuries

It requires the ability to provide OHS information to the work group, identify
hazards and assess and control risks. It also requires the ability to deal with
emergencies and hazardous events and maintain relevant records.
Implementing and monitoring the OHS program requires knowledge of
hazards in the workplace, relevant OHS legislation and codes of practice, risk

control measures, the hierarchy of control and relevant management systems

and procedures.
In addition to legal and ethical responsibilities, all units of competency in the
Animal Care and Management Training Package have the requirement for
animals to be handled gently and calmly. The individual is required to
develop an empathetic understanding of animals in their care, so that stress
and discomfort can be minimized.

Assessment activity 11
List some examples of situations when where it must be appropriate to
source specialist ohs advice.
We can take examples of a person name David matt working in workshop in
port road, hw was full time worker over there for 10 years, very hard worker,
dedicated to his job, but unfortunately one day while working he got accident
and was rush to hospital and he lost his one arm, it was really depressing
moment for him, after one month when came out of the hospital, he was un
aware of the work cover and benefits to be provided from government and
his company, so one of his co-work mate came to see him, who is also a
supervisor and a specialists of OHS so he give all information about the work
cover and benefits to be provided from government and the company to him.
Now he has not to worries about to live life, he can full fill his leaving through
this compensation.
Here is some example to be keep in mind while

Increase awareness about psychosocial hazards

0

Provide information on how to recognize harassment, risk factors for

violence, what are their effects, how to get additional
information, etc.

Encourage an appropriate management style and organizational culture

0

Foster teamwork and participatory management style, improve

communication between management and workers.

Carry out a risk assessment for psychosocial hazards

0

A risk assessment should be used to identify hazardous situations

and practices: this simply means carrying out a careful review of

all the factors that can lead to violence or harassment, in order
to assess if your prevention measures are effective and
sufficient

Preventing violence: some possible changes to the physical environment

0

After carrying out a risk assessment of your enterprise, some of the

changes made to the physical work environment in order to
prevent violence could include, for example, entry locks,
screens, adequate lighting and reception desks; installation of
video surveillance systems, alarm systems, coded doors;
removing objects which could be used as weapons; outdoor
(motion sensitive) lighting, timed indoor lights; provision of
better seating, regular information to customers/clients about
delays etc.

Preventing violence: some possible changes to the work organization or job

design

The risk assessment of your enterprise should identify what elements of the
work organization and job design could be changed to prevent violence.

Preventing harassment: some possible changes to the work organization or

job design
0

In order to prevent instances of harassment, promote an

organizational culture that explicitly condemns harassment and
recognizes it as a potential problem; try to avoid abrupt
organizational change and job insecurity; improve
communication between employees and management, and
among colleagues; make sure that human resources policies are
clearly explained, and fairly applied.

Developing policies and procedures

0

There should be simple but effective policies and procedures

describing

[1] what actions the organization is taking to prevent violence and

harassment, and
2

[2] how the organization (and its employees) will respond to

Assessment activity 12
Where could you source the content for a health and safety induction and or
training program? Include some websites in your answer.
The health and safety induction or training program sources in national
occupational health and safety commission .
Induction Training is absolutely vital for new starters. Good induction training
ensures new starters are retained, and then settled in quickly and happily to
a productive role. Induction training is more than skills training. It's about
the basics that seasoned employees all take for granted: what the shifts are;
where the notice-board is; what's the routine for holidays, sickness; where's
the canteen; what's the dress code; where the toilets are. New employees
also need to understand the organizations mission, goals, values and
philosophy; personnel practices, health and safety rules, and of course the
job they're required to do, with clear methods, timescales and expectations.
Professionally organized and delivered induction training is your new
employees' first proper impression of you and your organization, so it's also
an excellent opportunity to reinforce their decision to come and work for you.
Proper induction training is increasingly a legal requirement. Employers have
a formal duty to provide new employees with all relevant information and
training relating to health and safety particularly.
As a manager for new employees it's your responsibility to ensure that
induction training is properly planned. Even if head office or another 'centre'
handles induction training - you must make sure it's planned and organized
properly for your new starter. An induction training plan must be issued to
each new employee, before the new employee starts, and copied to everyone
in the organization who's involved in providing the training, so the new
starter and everyone else involved can see what's happening and that
everything is included. Creating and issuing a suitable induction plan for each
new starter will help them do their job better and quicker, and with less
dependence on your time in the future. Employees who are not properly
inducted need a lot more looking after, so failing to provide good induction
training is utterly false economy.
As with other types of training, the learning can and development can be
achieved through very many different methods - use as many as you need to
and which suit the individuals and the group, but remember that induction

training by its nature requires a lot more hand-holding than other types of
training. Err on the side of caution - ensure people are looked after properly
and not left on their own to work things out unless you have a very specific
purpose for doing so, or if the position is a senior one.

The web sites which include health and safety induction and training program
are
www.comcare.gov.au

www.workcover.com
State or territory workers compensation agencies
Safe work Australia
Business gateway and National Health and Safety council

Assessment activity 13
List some variables you could document with regards to injuries.
The type of injury- sprain, strain, laceration
Body part- arm, knee
What the worker was doing immediately before the injury- bending, walking
Whether there was any other person or particular piece of machinery
involved
What caused the injury- fumes, tiredness, and incorrect technique, accident?
And also these can be documented which are listed below
-

All injuries incurred within a certain period

All injuries of a particular type

All injuries within a particular business group

All injuries incurred by workers of a specific age group

All injuries incurred as result of faulty machinery

Assessment activity 14
What makes an ohs system successful?

Management commitment drives improvement through consultation

Everyone is involved in making it work

Safety becomes part of everyday business

The focus is on preventing injuries

The system is not too complicated The system is reviewed regularly
Training and information is provided for all people
PLAN
Identify and analyse the problem Set clear goals Communicate the plan
DO
Go ahead with the plan
CHECK
Evaluate progress according to the plan Check that what you are doing is
working
ACT If the checking shows that things are not working go back to
planning and rethink it.
Even if checking shows things are working always look to make
improvements (challenge yourself).
Integrate the actions into other parts of your operations

Assessment activity 15
When would it be appropriate to develop and implement improvements to an
ohs system?
To implement and develop appropriate OHS system firstly we have to

Risk identification, analysis, assessment and management procedures

An environmental management system to ensure the system of

controls and practices to achieve the environmental standards and

objectives are effective

An incident investigation system for the reporting, investigation and

follow-up of accidents and incidents

An element based on the need to meet environmental standards

And also if the OHS system are not working properly

Clearly expressed- not explained properly the views and idea and
information

Up to date- when the information or data, tools should be updated

Easy to follow

Efficient to implement

Assessment Activity 16
What are some important points to be considering with regards to
ensuring compliance with minimum legislative standards?
Whether staffs are aware of the standards and codes of practice
Whether staffs have been adequately and recently trained
Whether staffs have the tools and or the skills to enable them to comply
Whether staffs are aware of any implications of non-compliance
What strategies are in place to facilitate continuous improvement in the
event of non-compliance?

And also need have to be on this OHS legislation

To secure the health, safety and welfare of persons at work

To eliminate, at their sources, risks to health, safety arising out of or

in connection with the activities of persons at work or the use or operation
of various types of plant

To encourage registered associations to take a constructive role in

promoting improvements in occupational health, safety and welfare
practices and assisting employers and employees to achieve a healthier and
safer working environment.

Assessment tool 2(AT2)

1. what is the hierarchy of control? Indentify and briefly
explain the five risk control measures of the hierarchy of
controls in order. Provide an example.
The hierarchy of hazard controls is a list which emphasiss controlling a
hazard at the source. This is done by giving preference to the use of the
'engineering controls' outlined in strategies Engineering Controls
DESIGN. Try to ensure that hazards are 'designed out' when new
materials, equipment and work systems are being planned for the
workplace.
REMOVE the hazard or SUBSTITUTE less hazardous materials,
equipment or substances.
ADOPT A SAFER PROCESS. Alterations to tools, equipment or work
systems can often make them much safer.
ENCLOSE OR ISOLATE THE HAZARD through the use of guards or
remote handling techniques.
PROVIDE EFFECTIVE VENTILATION through local or general exhaust
ventilation systems. Administrative Controls
ESTABLISH appropriate ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES such as: job
rotation to reduce exposure or boredom, or timing the job so that fewer
workers are exposed routine maintenance and housekeeping procedures
training on hazards and correct work.
There must be regular and ongoing attention to identifying and managing
hazards. Humans are by nature adaptive creatures. The down-side of
this is that where a hazardous situation exists (e.g. a trip hazard) we learn
to accommodate the risk rather than treat the risk. We may avoid the
hazard 999 times out of 1000, but that 1 failure to negotiate the hazard is
all that it takes to cause injury.

This approach recognizes that the best controls act on the environment,

not on the people in it.

These controls are listed in the order you should try to use them.
Eliminate the hazard: You could repair damaged equipment or dispose of
unwanted chemicals.
Substitute the hazard: You could use smaller packages or a less toxic
chemical with a lower risk.
Isolate the hazard: You could place barriers around a spill until it is
cleaned up, or locate the photocopier in a separate, well-ventilated room.
Use engineering controls: You could provide a trolley to move heavy loads
or, place guards on the moving parts of machinery.
Use administrative controls: You could introduce job rotation, ensuring
equipment is maintained regularly.
Use personal protective clothing and equipment: You could provide:

Hearing and eye protection

Hard hats
Gloves and
Masks
Relying on personal protective clothing and equipment is generally the
least acceptable control measure. It should only be used as an interim
measure until a more reliable solution can be found or you can implement
other controls.
Industry example:

Hazard: vacuum cleaner not working

Quick-fix use carpet sweeper for current service, client to borrow
relatives cleaner for next service
Long-term control client to purchase new vacuum
An effective OHS system is based on a no blame approach. This means
that regardless of the fallible nature of human beings or the circumstances
of workplace injuries when they occur, safety practitioners must look for a
systemic approach to addressing hazards in the workplace. Simply
blaming employees for disregarding policies or engaging in stupid
behavior is tantamount to saying Bad luck that youve been hurt. You
should have known better. The truth is we all do stupid things from
time to time and permanent disability or death is a high price to pay.

2. what is hazard? What is purpose of a risk

assessment? How can hazard be identified? What
is risk management?
A hazard is a phenomenon or a process, either natural or human- made, that
can endanger a group of people, their belongings and their
environment, if they do not take precautions.
There are different types of hazards. Some are natural while others are
caused by human beings, such as so-called industrial or technological
hazards (explosions, fires, toxic chemical
spillages).
Employers in each workplace have a general duty to ensure the safety and
health of workers in every aspect related to their work. The purpose of
carrying out a risk assessment is to enable the employer to take the
measures necessary for the safety and health protection of workers.

These measures include:

prevention of occupational risks;

providing information to workers;

providing training to workers;

providing the organisation and means to implement the necessary measures.

Whilst the purpose of risk assessment includes the prevention of occupational
risks, and this should always be goal, it will not always be achievable in
practice. Where elimination of risks is not possible, the risks should be
reduced and the residual risk controlled. At a later stage, as part of a review
programme, such residual risk will be reassessed and the possibility of
elimination of the risk, perhaps in the light of new knowledge, can be
reconsidered.
The risk assessment should be structured and applied so as to help
employers to:

identify the hazards created at work and evaluate the risks associated with
these hazards, to determine what measures they should take to protect the
health and safety of their employees and other workers, having due regard to
legislative requirements;

evaluate the risks in order to make the best informed selection of work
equipment, chemical substances or preparations used, the fitting out of the
workplace, and the organization of work;

check whether the measures in place are adequate;

priorities action if further measures are found to be necessary as a result of

the assessment;

demonstrate to themselves, the competent authorities, workers and their

representatives that all factors pertinent to the work have been considered,
and that an informed valid judgment has been made about the risks and the
measures necessary to safeguard health and safety;
ensure that the preventive measures and the working and production
methods, which are considered to be necessary and implemented
following a risk assessment, provide an improvement in the level of
worker protection.
he first step to protecting yourself is being able to recognize hazards in the
work you're assigned and in the conditions you're working in. There are four
main types of hazards:
Physical hazards are the most common and will be present in most
workplaces at one time or another. They include unsafe conditions that can
cause injury, illness and death.
They are typically easiest to spot but, sadly, too often overlooked because of
familiarity (there are always cords running across the aisles), lack of
knowledge (they aren't seen as hazards), resistance to spending time or
money to make necessary improvements or simply delays in making changes
to remove the hazards (waiting until tomorrow or a time when "we're not so
busy").
None of these are acceptable reasons for workers to be exposed to physical
hazards.
Examples of physical hazards include:

electrical hazards: frayed cords, missing ground pins, improper wiring

unguarded machinery and moving machinery parts: guards removed or

moving parts that a worker can accidentally touch

constant loud noise

high exposure to sunlight/ultraviolet rays, heat or cold

working from heights, including ladders, scaffolds, roofs, or any raised work
area

working with mobile equipment such as fork lifts (operation of fork lifts and

similar mobile equipment in the workplace requires significant additional

training and experience)

spills on floors or tripping hazards, such as blocked aisle or cords running

across the floor.
Biological hazards come from working with animals, people or infectious plant
materials. Work in day care, hospitals, hotel laundry and room cleaning,
laboratories, veterinary offices and nursing homes may expose you to
biological hazards.
The types of things you may be exposed to include:

blood or other body fluids

fungi

bacteria and viruses

plants

insect bites

animal and bird droppings.

Ergonomic hazards occur when the type of work, body position and working
conditions put strain on your body. They are the hardest to spot since you
don't always immediately notice the strain on your body or the harm these
hazards pose. Short-term exposure may result in "sore muscles" the next
day or in the days following exposure, but long term exposure can result in
serious long-term injuries.
Ergonomic hazards include:

poor lighting

improperly adjusted workstations and chairs

frequent lifting

poor posture

awkward movements, especially if they are repetitive

repeating the same movements over and over

having to use too much force, especially if you have to do it frequently.

Chemical hazards are present when a worker is exposed to any chemical
preparation in the workplace in any form (solid, liquid or gas). Some are

safer than others, but to some workers who are more sensitive to chemicals,
even common solutions can cause illness, skin irritation or breathing
problems.
Beware of:

liquids like cleaning products, paints, acids, solvents especially chemicals in

an unlabelled container (warning sign!)

vapours and fumes, for instance those that come from welding or exposure
to solvents

gases like acetylene, propane, carbon monoxide and helium

flammable materials like gasoline, solvents and explosive chemicals.

3. There are a number of key provisions of relevant

legislation and regulations from all levels of government that
may affect aspects of business operations, such as:
- Anti-discrimination legislation
- Ethical principles
- Code of practice
- Privacy laws
- Financial legislation
- OHS legislation
- Consumer law
- Credit procedures legislation and regulations
Why it is important to have a working knowledge of
legislation involved in business? What is the aim of OHS
legislation and what responsibilities does it place on
employers?
We all know that legislation has an effect on our business. This becomes very
evident even as a business is just starting to be formed. As the business
grows, more laws are passed and other laws that affect businesses based on
their size come into play. Some laws help business, some provide challenges,
while others can be anti-business. Laws, ordinances, rules and regulations
are passed at the local, state and national level. How can you be sure that
your business is getting fair consideration as these laws are being developed?

Anti- discrimination legislation:

1. Racial Hatred Defined

Since the introduction of provisions dealing with racial hatred in 1995, the Racial
Discrimination Act makes it unlawful to insult, humiliate, offend or intimidate another
person or group in public on the basis of their race. Specifically, the Act states:
It is unlawful for a person to do an act, otherwise than in private, if:
(a) the act is reasonably likely in all the circumstances to offend, insult, humiliate or
intimidate another person or group of people, and
(b) the act is done because of the race, colour or national or ethnic origin of the
other person or some or all of the people in the group.
A variety of acts can constitute racial hatred, including speaking, singing and making
gestures in public, as well as drawings, images, and written publications such as
newspapers, leaflets and websites.

Ethical principles:
One of the most important attributes for small business success, is the
distinguishing quality of practicing admirable business ethics. Business ethics,
practiced throughout the deepest layers of a company, become the heart and
soul of the company's culture and can mean the difference between success
and failure.
1. Be Trustful: Recognize customers want to do business with a company
they can trust; when trust is at the core of a company, it's easy to recognize.
Trust defined, is assured reliance on the character, ability, strength, and truth
of a business.
2. Keep An Open Mind: For continuous improvement of a company, the
leader of an organization must be open to new ideas. Ask for opinions and
feedback from both customers and team members and your company will
continue to grow.
3. Meet Obligations: Regardless of the circumstances, do everything in
your power to gain the trust of past customer's and clients, particularly if
something has gone awry. Reclaim any lost business by honoring all

commitments and obligations.

4. Have Clear Documents: Re-evaluate all print materials including small
business advertising, brochures, and other business documents making sure
they are clear, precise and professional. Most important, make sure they do
not misrepresent or misinterpret.
5. Become Community Involved: Remain involved in community-related
issues and activities, thereby demonstrating that your business is a
responsible community contributor. In other words, stay involved.
6. Maintain Accounting Control: Take a hands-on approach to accounting
and record keeping, not only as a means of gaining a better feel for the
progress of your company, but as a resource for any "questionable "
activities. Gaining control of accounting and record keeping allows you to end
any dubious activities promptly.
7. Be Respectful: Treat others with the utmost of respect. Regardless of
differences, positions, titles, ages, or other types of distinctions, always treat
others with professional respect and courtesy.
Recognizing the significance of business ethics as a tool for achieving your
desired outcome is only the beginning. A small business that instills a deepseated theme of business ethics within its strategies and policies will be
evident among customers. It's overall influence will lead to a profitable,
successful company.

Codes of practice:
When starting or running a business, you should find out which codes of
practice are relevant to your business.
Codes of practice are referenced in acts and regulations. They may include:

general statements of principle and practical advice for how a business or

industry should operate

detailed business practices where businesses must comply with specific

standards.

You must comply with any instructions in a code of practice. As part of your
training program, ensure that all staff are aware of and know how to comply
with relevant codes.
Many industries have codes of practice on areas including:
Workplace health and safety
Electrical safety

4. Under OHS legislation, what incidents must

comcare be notified of? What information has to be
included in reports of incidents to comcare?
Employers are required to give notice to Comcare of injuries, illnesses or
diseases that meet certain notification criteria. Information on how to notify is
outlined below, along with a useful guide and flowchart to help with
identifying notifiable incidents.
Requirements
If a work-related incident results in death you, as an employer, must:

call Comcare within two hours of becoming aware of the death

follow up with a written notification
If a work-related incident causes a serious personal injury, incapacity or a
dangerous occurrence you, as an employer, must:
provide Comcare with a written notification within 24 hours of becoming
aware of the incident

Assessment tool 3(AT3)

Using your knowledge of hazard identification process, write
2000 words essay outlining the following
what legislation applies and complying with it
what the hazards are and why
how relevant risks can be assessed and identified
level of each risk
the risk control methods available
In order to understand the workplace health and safety requirements for
personal security in the retail industry, and our obligations under the law we
must consider and understand relevant legislation and codes of practice.
If the regulation describes how to prevent or minimize a risk at your
workplace you must do what the regulation says. If there is a code of

practice that describes how to prevent or minimize a risk at your workplace

you must do what the code says or adopt and follow another way that gives
the same level of protection against the risk.
If there is no regulation or code of practice about a risk at your workplace
you must choose an appropriate way to manage exposure to the risk. People
must, where there is no regulation or code of practice about a risk, take
reasonable precautions and exercise proper diligence against the risk.
As we read the case study of ABC chemicals, there are several concern such
as it is located in large metropolitan area this industry purchase large
amount of cleaning chemicals. ABC have to be more focus while delivering
their product because they use metropolitan area.
ABC company do does good thing such like they do dispose small spills

during the end of the day but they have to prepare or have to keep backup
plans for large spill.
It is very dangerous for the company because there is no display of
emergency equipment, neither any of the staff have been trained for the safe
handling of chemicals or how to cope with emergences
And also there are had been several accident in front of the premises.
There are no proper storing for chemical drum.
ABC chemical have to follow these following things to assets risk and
hazardous

Hazardous chemicals exposures. The potential hazards can be introduced

through chemical spills, splash, inhalation, etc.

Fire and explosions due to flammable gases

Fire and explosions due to flammable liquid and solid. I separate flammable
liquid/solid with flammable gases due to different potential hazard level. But,
this separation does not mean that we can neglect with flammable solid
hazard. Flammable dust explosion could tell you the danger of flammable
solid.

Explosion caused by pressurized gases and liquids.

Fire and explosions due to uncontrolled reactions. Precisely, they are chain
reactions.

Thermal hazards. Many processes and equipments in chemical plant operate

at high temperature and directly expose hot environment, hot surface and
high temperature radiation.

Extreme cold temperature hazard can not be neglected because it is able to

present real hazard to workers.

Cutting hazard. It is caused by sharp objects and rotating equipments and

machines.

Slips, trips and falls hazards caused by unsafe conditions such as slippery
surface.

Electrical hazard. Static electric should be taken into account too.

Mechanical failure hazard. Old equipments with corroded supports will

collapse anytime, since the supports have lost required strength.

Oxygen deficiency. Working inside confined spaces exposes workers to such

hazard, including toxic atmosphere.

Risk can be controlled by risk management training

Specialized and focused training, if imparted effectively, can contribute
significantly to Risk Management. Expert faculty, carefully selected training
module, interactive and participate approach, useful training material, case
studies and syndicate exercises could help in having effective risk
management system in place. The training topics for chemical industry could
be:

Chemical Safety

Safety with Compressed gases

Solvent Safety

Hazard Identification Techniques

Industrial Risk Management

Fire Prevention and Protection

Electrical Risk Management

Emergency Preparedness

Safety Management system

Accident Prevention

Personal Protective Equipment

REFERENCE

www.ohsrep.org.au
www.ezinearticles.com

www.wiki.com