Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
26-W9-YX-01
Operation Instruction
SEPCOIII
Drafted by:
Reviewed by:
Approved by:
No.
1
2
3
CONTENTS
Time of Approval
PART 1 Overview
Chapter 1 Specification of Main Equipment 5
Chapter 2 Specification of Auxiliary Equipment
14
PART 2 Unit Start-up
Chapter 1 Cold Start of the Unit .26
Chapter 2 Warm & Hot Start of the Unit ...38
PART 3 Unit Operation
Chapter 1 Operating Parameters of Steam Turbine
42
Chapter 2 Operating Modes of the Unit ....47
Chapter 3 Regular Works and Requirements ..49
PART 4 Unit Shutdown
PART 5 Treatment of Unit Accidents
Chapter 1 Treating Rules of Accidents ..60
Chapter 2 Condition of Steam Turbine Tripping ...
61
Chapter 3 Condition of Unit Fault Shutdown 61
Chapter 4 Condition of Emergency Shutdown..62
Chapter 5 Procedure of Emergency Shutdown....63
Chapter 6 Procedure of Unit Fault Shutdown ..63
Chapter 7 Decreasing of Vacuum ..64
Chapter 8 Water Hammer of Steam Turbine 65
Chapter 9 Increasing of Axial Displacement ....66
Chapter 10 Steam Turbine Oil System Catching Fire ....67
Chapter 11 Abnormity of Steam Conditions .68
Chapter 12 DEH Failure .71
Chapter 13 Abnormity of Steam Turbine Lubricating Oil System 71
Chapter 14 Abnormal Vibration of the Unit .75
Chapter 15 Generator parallels off, while turbine does not trip ...77
Chapter 16 Generator parallels off, and turbine trips 77
-2-
Chapter 17 Turbine trips, while the generator does not parallel off 78
Chapter 18 Failure of Thermodynamic Power Supply 78
Chapter 19 High Bearing Temperature of Turbine-generator Unit 79
Chapter 20 Burning out of Turbine-generator Bearing Bush .79
Chapter 21 Steam Turbine Shaft Bending 80
Chapter 22 Steam turbine Overspeed ..82
Chapter 23 Feed water pump set outlet check valve is untight and rotates
reversely.83
Chapter 24 Turbine-generator unit operates at abnormal frequency
83
Chapter 25 Boiler Fire Extinction 84
Chapter 26 Treatment of Accidents & Abnormity of the Motor ..85
PART 6 Auxiliary Equipment & Common Service System
Chapter 1 General Operating Rules of Auxiliary Equipment..
89
Chapter 2 Industrial Water System.92
Chapter 3 Oil Purification System of Steam Turbine94
Chapter 4 Lubricating Oil System of Steam Turbine
98
Chapter 5 Circulating Water System ...102
Chapter 6 Shaft Sealing and Vacuum System of Steam Turbine ...108
Chapter 7 Condensate Water System ....111
Chapter 8 Feed Water Deaerating System ...117
Chapter 9 DEH System ....131
Chapter 10 Bypass System ..136
Chapter 11 Turbine Proper Water Drain System ..138
Chapter 12 Quick Cooling System of Steam Turbine ..139
Chapter 13Air Cooling System ..143
Appendix 1: Comparison Table of the Temperature & Pressure of Saturated Water &
Steam .......147
-3-
PART 1: Overview
-4-
146.822MW
Rated power:
135MW
535 C
3,000 rpm
-5-
Frequency (Hz)
Accumulated (min)
52.5
>5
>5
52.0
>30
>30
47.5~51.5
Continuous Operation
47
>60
>60
46.5
>10
>10
46
>2
>2
1.3.6 The peak to peak vibration amplitude measured near the bearing journal of turbine shall be
0.075mm during normal operation, which shall not exceed 0.25mm as critical speed passing in
speed rise;
1.3.7 The power load of the unit is permitted to reach 135MW when the HP heaters are cleared;
1.3.8 The unit is permitted to run continuously with low load when the exhaust pressure of turbine
increases to 0.0146Mpa (a). The alarm back pressure of turbine is 16.9kPa (a) and trip back
pressure is 20.3kPa (a).
1.3.9 The unit is permitted to run for long when the exhaust temperature of steam turbine is less
than 79. The max temperature at which exhaust is permitted to operate is 120 .
1.3.10 Permitted load variation rate of unit is:
1.3.10.1 From 100% to 50% MCR
5%/min
1.3.10.2 From 50% to 20% MCR and from 20% to 50% MCR 3%/min
1.3.10.3 Below 20%MCR
2%/min
-6-
1.3.11 The pressure after the governing stage must not exceed 10.34Mpa (a) at different working
conditions.
Lower
Half
MainStopValve(L)
MainStopValve(R)
Governing
Valve End
The turbine unit is 14 meters long in total and arranged on the 9m operation floor, with a
combination of HP initial steam stop valve and HP governing valve mounted on both sides in the
front which is supported on the holder of main stop valve, 4 flexible HP steam inlet pipes
-7-
connected with the 4 governing valves and the HP cylinders upper and lower steam inlets
respectively, and governing valve controlled by oil servo-motor.
The high pressure nozzle section consists of four groups of nozzle segments, The unit can reach
rated power by 3 valves opening fully and the fourth group provides guarantee for the availability
of rated power in summer and at low parameters.
HP & MP cylinder is double-floor cylinder with 1 governing stage and 8 pressure stages in the HP
part. There is a section of steam extraction led to HP heater #1 after stage 7, and steam
exhausted by HP flows through lower cylinders exhaust port and HP exhaust check valve to the
reheater, a portion of which is led to HP heater #2 as regenerative extraction.
The reheated steam flows to MP part via MP combined valve through two rigid steam inlet pipes.
There are 10 pressure stages in MP part with a third stage extraction to deaerator after stage6
and a fourth extraction led to LP heater #4 after stage 8.
For MP exhaust part, the upper half is designed to exhaust steam upwards that flows into LP
cylinder through 2 flexible cross over pipes with compensation capacity; the lower half has a fifth
extraction led to LP heater #5.
The LP cylinder is double flow and has 26 stages, there are a 6th and 7th extraction openings set
in LP cylinder that lead extraction to LP heater #6 and LP heater #7 (built-in type) inside the
condenser respectively and led out after the stage 3 and stage 6 respectively.
This steam turbine has three bearing pedestals in all, in which 3 turbine journal bearings, 1
generator front bearing and 1 thrust bearing are mounted. All bearing pedestals are floor
mounted. Besides journal bearing in bearing pedestal #1, there are also main governing set,
including main oil pump and emergency governor etc.
Two MP combined valves are arranged on the left and right side in the middle of the unit
respectively, which may move freely on its bearing surface with expansion of the turbine, the MP
governing valve only operates for regulation at below 30% load and opens fully not to take part in
regulation in the case where the load is more than 30%.
The rotary equipment of steam turbine rotor is mounted on the back bearing pedestal and driven
by motor after speed reduction, rotor turning gear speed rotation is 7~8r/min, each bearing is
equipped with HP jacking oil system in order to lower the start-up power of rotary equipment and
protect all bearings from damage.
LP cylinder is equipped with atomizing nozzle type low-load spray regulator inside that may
operate to spray automatically in the case where the LP cylinder exhaust temperature is higher
than 80 so as to ensure normal operation of the unit.
1.4.1.2 Sliding key system
The sliding key system is the supporting and locating system of stator part, the steam turbine
proper supporting and locating mode is: front frame, middle frame and rear frame and exhaust
hood frame are fastened on the foundation by means of foundation bolts and back grouting and
are equipped with front bearing pedestal, middle bearing pedestal, rear bearing pedestal and LP
-8-
outer cylinder thereon respectively. Longitudinal keys are arranged on the front frame along the
center axis, the front bearing pedestal can move on its frame along the axis. HP & MP outer
cylinder upper claws are supported on the front and middle bearing pedestal, the lower claws
transverse keys connect with the front and middle bearing pedestal, besides longitudinal keys,
there are also transverse keys on some position of the middle frame, and the cross point of
longitudinal and transverse key is the dead point of HP & MP stator part, the front bearing
pedestal HP and MP cylinder and middle bearing pedestal take this as the dead point to perform
axial expansion and contraction. There is a vertical key mounted on both upside and downside of
both ends of HP & MP outer cylinder with key way plate fixed on the neighboring bearing pedestal
for the purpose of smooth expansion and contraction and keeping cylinder center aligning.
1.4.1.3 Thrust bearing
The unit adopts the Michell thrust bearing. The thrust collar integrates with steam turbine, and
both its front and back sides are mounted with positive and negative thrust bearing pads with 12
pieces laid on the whole circle of each. And each pad is equipped with a RTD temperature
measuring device for measuring its metal temperature. The back of thrust bearing pad rests on
erection loop, and erection loop leans against the spheric seating, which gives self alignment
effect. Positive or negative thrust of steam turbine bearing operates on the operating pad or nonoperating pad separately, and the bearing displacement on thrust pad shall not be more than
0.4mm. The lubricating oil enters between thrust collar and thrust pad via oil inlets on both sides
for lubricating, and then flows out from thrust collar outer side, the return oil escapes from the top,
and there are two return oil adjusting screws mounted on return oil outlet, which can adjust the oil
return quantity to control return oil temperature.
1.4.1.4 Journal bearing
This unit adopts elliptic type journal bearing, which consists of a bearing bush cast with Babbitt
metal, bearing shell and spheric seating. The bearing is made into upper and lower, two halves
that are fixed and positioned by screws and taper pins, the bearing case matches with spheric
seating on spherical surface, which gives self alignment effect, and there are four set pieces on
the spheric seating for the use of adjustment. Lubricating oil flows into bearing through a hole at
lower part of bearing and then flows into bearing pedestal via the bearing end. There is a
platinum resistor mounted on the bearing bush that can measure the bearing metal temperature,
there is oil from return chute in the bore of locating pin in upper bearing half, which temperature
can be measured as that of bearing return oil, and there is HP jacking oil hold at the bottom of
bearing bush.
1.4.1.5 Shafting
The steam turbine proper shafting consists of HP & MP rotor and LP rotor. Connection between
HP & MP rotor and LP rotor relies on the rigid coupling integrated with main shaft forging, and the
shims in between two halves of coupling are connected with screws. As configured for the
purpose of meeting the requirement of rotor center aligning in assembly, in such a case, the
-9-
center on both ends of coupling must keep correct and concordant in assembly so as to allow the
rotor center line to become smooth and continuous curve in operation. The rigid coupling is very
sensitive to the bearing load distribution because of high rigidity, thus its requirements for the
assembly technology and shafting aligning are much higher, but it has such advantages as high
strength, short rotor length, easy processing and reliable operation.
Semiflexible coupling is used in between LP rotor and generator rotor, such coupling has a
corrugated pipe joint on the end coupling connecting with generator rotor, which has certain
flexibility, and connects with an minor axis on the other end coupling, and the minor axis covers
the generator rotor to transmit the torque by means of interference and key, such semiflexible
coupling may allow the unit safety operation not to be affected by slight change in the steam
turbine and generator center in installation and operation.
1.4.2 Technical specifications of governing system
1.4.2.1 The governing system is able to keep idle running of steam turbine at rated steam inlet
condition, rated vacuum and full open main stop valve, with speed oscillation value 6r/min.
1.4.2.2 The governing system is able to guarantee stable parallel operation of steam turbine and
other units.
1.4.2.3 The governing system is able to control and guarantee the need of steam turbine
incorporating into network and adaptation to changes in speed and load.
1.4.2.4 For this unit operating at rated steam conditions and rated speed, the governing system is
able to control the turbine speed not to result in the trip of emergency governor as the unit rejects
load.
1.4.3 Technical specifications of steam turbine control system
1.4.3.1 This unit has three sets of governors:
Emergency governor handle to be tripped by operator manually for emergency;
Mechanical emergency governor to trip at overspeed;
Four governor solenoid valves controlled by ETS, which receive the governing signal of
important parameters of steam turbine.
1.4.3.2 System function:
1.4.3.2.1 Governing function:
The governor valve will trip to shut down the turbine for emergency trip as the following
parameter exceeds the specified value.
a. Speed rises to 110% of rated speed;
b. Axial displacement exceeds 1.2mm;
c. HP & MP cylinder differential expansion exceeds +8.0 or -3.0mm;
d. LP cylinder differential expansion reaches +7.5mm;
e. Lubricating oil pressure is lower than 0.06Mpa;
f. Back pressure of the condenser is lower than 20.3kPa;
g. Peak to peak vibration amplitude of the rotor is 0.254mm;
- 10 -
h. Metal temperature of # bearing 1-3 reaches 112, the metal temperature of bearing #4 and
#5 reaches 80 or the temperature of thrust bearing reaches 107;
i. EH oil pressure decreases to 9.31Mpa;
j. Power failure to DEH system;
k. Exhaust temperature of LP cylinder reaches 121;
l. The oil level of the main oil tank is lower than 1245mm;
m. MFT of the boiler;
n. Main protection of the generator operates.
1.4.3.2.2 Oil injection test function
1.4.3.2.3 Emergency governor test function
1.4.3.2.4 Steam turbine reset function
Unit
Rated
conditions THA
TMCR
VWO
kW
135,029
135,101
145,005
135,043
t/h
407.502
410.107
440.000
368.560
MPa/
13.24/535
13.24/535
13.24/535
13.24/535
MPa
2.533
2.534
2.724
2.677
HP cylinder exhaust
temperature
312.1
311.9
317.8
321.6
t/h
335.397
335.701
360.968
354.820
MPa/
2.33/537
2.332/537
2.506/537
2.463/537
Back pressure
kPa
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
32.1
32.1
32.1
32.1
244.4
244.5
248.8
171.4
kg/h
t/h
284.081
282.090
303.577
298.143
Heat rate
kJ/kWh
8,402.9
8,363.9
8,355.9
8,630.8
Steam rate
kg/kWh
3.018
3.036
3.034
2.729
MPa/
3.552/354.9
3.56/354.9
3.832/361.4
t/h
22.14
23.051
24.681
MPa/
2.457/312.3
2.458/312.1
2.642/317.9
t/h
36.871
38.251
40.589
MPa/
0.73/377.9
0.729/377.6
0.784/377.5
0.769/377.1
t/h
8.066
8.47
9.124
9.863
MPa/
0.451/315.8
0.45/315.4
0.484/315.3
0.475/315
t/h
13.064
13.57
14.335
14.003
MPa/
0.251/248.4
0.25/247.8
0.269/247.8
0.264/247.5
- 11 -
Name
Unit
Rated
conditions THA
TMCR
VWO
t/h
22.097
22.912
24.148
23.568
MPa
0.067
0.0665
0.0718
0.0705
t/h
15.801
16.335
17.153
16.775
MPa
0.0143
0.0142
0.0152
0.015
t/h
2.905
2.95
3.977
3.621
Note: Turbine Heat Acceptance condition (THA): means the condition in which the unit can
operate safely and continuously with generators net output power of 135MW when the turbine is
under rated initial steam and reheat steam conditions, back pressure is 5.4kP, make-up water
percentage is 0%, and regenerative system is put into operation all normally and generators
efficiency is 98.4, which heat rate is not more than the acceptance value of 8,402.9kJ/kWh.
Turbine maximum continue rate (TMCR): means the condition in which the unit can operate
safely and output maximum power when the turbine is under rated initial steam and reheat steam
conditions, back pressure is 5.4kP, make-up water percentage is 3%, and regenerative system is
put into operation all normally and generators efficiency is 98.4.
Valve Wide Open condition (VWO): means the condition in which the turbines steam inlet flow is
440t/h when the turbines governing valves are wide open and the other conditions is the same
with 2.1.1, which output value is 145.822MW. This condition corresponds to the Boiler Maximum
Continue Rate (BMCR).
- 12 -
Unit
Model
HP heater #2
HP heater #1
JG-530-2-00CK
JG-530-1-00CK
Mpa
3.0
4.5
350/250
390/260
Mpa
20
20
250
260
172.2
223.9
223.9
248.8
Working pressure
Mpa
Tube side 18
Tube side 18
Working temperature
Manufacturer
Unit
Model
LP heater #7
LP heater # 6
LP heater # 5
LP heater # 4
JD-220-1-1
JD-300-1-3
JD-300-1-2
JD-300-1-1
M2
200
300
300
300
Mpa
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
100
100
150
180
Mpa
0.05
0.4
0.4
0.5
- 13 -
100
100
260
350
Mpa
1.724
1.724
1.724
1.724
Mpa
0.0152
0.07257
0.2693
0.454
55
69.45
109.05
138.25
55
90.63
129.9
150.6
side
Class I
Test pressure
1.374MPa
Model
GC-514
0.0588MPa
Design pressure
0.88Mpa (g)
0.85MPa
Design temperature
380
Operating mode
0.78Mpa (a)
Rated output
514t/h
7PPb
147
169.3
Inlet water
temperature
Manufacturer
Sliding pressure
operation
1.6/2.5mm
/deaerator)
Class I
0.85MPa
Type
GS-120
Test pressure
1.374MPa
Design pressure
0.88Mpa (g)
Effective volume
120m3
Design temperature
380
Total volume
140m3
0.68MPa
Manufacturer
1.6/2.5mm
Unit
Model
Feed-water pump
Booster pump
FK5G32
QG500-80
Number of stages
stage
m /h
533.3
533.3
m3/h
497.8
533.3
Lift
1771.9
79.6
- 14 -
MPa
1.48
0.6837
MPa
19.18
1.48
Shaft power
kW
2733.9
128.7
Rotating speed
r/min
4686
2982
Working temperature
166.7
166.7
Medium density
kg/m3
900.59
900.59
MPa
m /h
35.5
Guarantee efficiency
81.32
80.84
Manufacturer
Unit
Specification
Model
YKOS3700-2
Rated power
kW
3,700
Rated voltage
6,600
Rated current
370
Rated speed
r/min
2,982
Rated frequency
Hz
50
Y
Class
0.9
Cooling mode
Air-cooled
Temperature rise
80
Manufacturer
Unit
Specification
Capacity of cooler
kW
160
t/h
60
Group
kPa
0.32
MPa
0.2-0.4
MPa
0.5
- 15 -
Unit
Specification
Model
R17K.2-E
Motor speed
r/min
2,986
Output speed
r/min
4,783
kW
3,000
Slip
25-100
Efficiency
94.7
0.85
Manufacturer
Germany VOITH
Unit
Working oil
Lubricating oil
cooler
cooler
CB-B125
LY54
LY16
30
17
Model
Oil flow
m3/h
7.5
Pressure
MPa
0.25
54
16
m3/h
120
27
motor
Model
44LBXA-23
Model
YLKK900-10
Shaft power
770.3 kW
Voltage
6,600V
Lift
23m
Current
98A
Rotating speed
595 r/min
Power
900kW
Flow
10,728t/h
Power factor
0.86
87.2%
Rotating speed
595r/min
Efficiency
Mini submergence
3m
Manufactured by
Changsha Water
Pump Works
Manufactured by
Shangyang Electric
Machine Co., Ltd.
Unit
Model
Specification
ASCS300
Working pressure
MPa
0.3
Max pressure
MPa
0.6
- 16 -
mm
Manufactured by
300
Specification
of
circulating
water
Model
10Sh-9A
Model
Y250M-4
Shaft power
40 kW
Voltage
415 V
Lift
30 m
Current A
Rotating speed
1,480r/min
Power
Flow
420 t/h
Power factor
Efficiency
80%
Rotating speed
1,480 r/min
Manufactured by
Manufactured by
Co, Ltd.
55 kW
blowdown pump
Model
40PV-SP
Model
Y112M-2
Shaft power
3.1kW
Voltage
415V
Lift
15m
Current A
Rotating speed
1,800 rpm
Power
Flow
25t/h
Power factor
Efficiency
34%
Rotating speed
2900 r/min
Manufactured by
Manufactured by
Co., Ltd.
4 kW
pump house
Model
ZSB-3500
Model
BWD5-87-5.5
300mm
600mm
Voltage
415V
Mesh size
3.553 mm
Current A
6~7 m/min
Power
Power factor
20.33 r/min
Rotating speed
Manufactured by
Jiangsu Yihaun
Group Co., Ltd.
5.5 kW
87 rpm
Manufactured by
- 17 -
diaphragm with fillet; the seal ring of LP diaphragm seal is mounted in the septalium and fixed
with spring leaf.
2.4.2 Shaft seal heater
Item
Unit
Specification
Model
JQ-50-1
2
50
m3/h
Design pressure
MPa
Working pressure
MPa
Test pressure
MPa
Design temperature
Working temperature
Net weight
2.23
Model
AZY-09.32-020.0-01
Model
132S
Full pressure
9.32kPa
Power
7.5kW
Speed
2,900r/min
Speed
2,900r/min
Flow
20m3/min
Voltage
415V
Manufactured by
Manufactured by
Wannan Electric
Machine Co., Ltd.
N-9000
Single shell, bisection, double
passes and surface type
9,000 m2
0.25MPa
0.1MPa/Vac
0.375MPa
20,200m3/h
Manufactured by
Cooling water
temperature
Number of pass
Velocity in cooling
water pipe
Outer diameter of
cooling water pipe
Water resistance
of condenser
Total number of
copper tube
Net weight
32.5
2
2m/s
25mm
<45kPa
12,760
211t
Co., Ltd.
2.5.2 Specification of condensate pump
Specification of condensate pump
Model
7LDTNB-6PJS
Model
YLKK400-4
Flow
350m3/h
Power
280kW
Lift
190m
Voltage
6,600V
Npsh
2.2m
Current
31A
Shaft power
223kW
Rotating speed
1,487r/min
Rotating speed
1,487r/min
Insulation class
Manufactured by
Shenyang Electric
Manufactured by
Ltd.
Machine Works
Specification of the
Specification of
motor
Model: Y315M-8
Model: M16
Voltage: 415V
3.3kpa (a)
area: 9m2
Power: 75kW
temperature:
32.5)
38 max
Rotating speed:
740r/min
10.2m3/h
Working water inlet
temperature: 44.5,
Rated current: A
46.5kw at 11.8kpa
Insulation class: F
temperature<50
Manufactured by: Foshang Pump Works
20~22 m3/h
Manufactured by:
Manufactured by: AF
LAVAL
Model:150NW55-190000
Model: Y280S-2
Flow: 55 m3/h
Power: 75 kW
Lift:190m
Voltage: 415 V
Current: A
NPSH: 1.8m
- 19 -
Efficiency: 61
Insulation class: F
Ltd.
Works
5,8103,020 mm
Maximum volume
40 m3
Working volume
24 m3
1,808mm
2,616mm
1,245mm
1,045mm
GX-64P
240m2
Working temperature
Above 0
Flow
80l/min
Test pressure
21bar
Empty weight
1,803kg
All-up weight
2,283kg
Manufactured by
SWEP PHE AB
Centrifugal type
Capacity
4.5m3/min
Outlet pressure
1.18Mpa (g)
Rotating speed
3,000r/min
II
0.098Mpa (g)
0.197Mpa (g)
Model: 25SCY14-1B
Model: Y160L
Flow: 25L/min
Voltage: 415V
Power: 15kW
Rotating speed:1,500r/min
Rotating speed:1,500r/min
Insulation class: B
- 20 -
Model: YS150-50B
Model: YB180M-2
Power: 22kW
Flow: 133m /h
Voltage: 415V
Current: 42.2A
NPSH: 4.5m
Insulation class: F
Manufactured by Shanghai Wuyi Electric
Machine Works
Model: YSI50-50B
Model: Z2-62
Lift: 36m
Power: 22kW
Flow:133m /min
Current: 114.2A
NPSH: 4.5m
Insulation class: B
Manufactured by Hangzhou Hengli Electric
Machine Manufactory
Model: GXP-155
Model: Y100L-2
Power: 3kW
Voltage: 415V
Current: 6.4A
Insulation class: B
Power:
3.0kW
Voltage:
Max current:
Flow:
415V
8.2A
100l/min
- 21 -
<1.0MPa
Operating temperature:
-10~60
About 5 L/time
Manufacturer:
2.6.9Turning gear
Model
horizontal
Motor capacity
37 kW
Rated voltage
AC 415V
Motor speed
1,480 r/min
Turning speed
7~8 r/min
125JQ-15
Shaft power
11 kW
Lift
15 mH2O
Flow
90 t/h
Rotating speed
1,460 r/min
Manufacturer
Model
Y160M-4
Voltage
415 V
Current
22.6A
Power
11 kW
Rotating speed
1,460 r/min
Manufacturer
Pump
Motor
Code: 029-09941-5
Model: GL02
Power: 30kW
Voltage: 415V
Working temperature:
100
Current: 56.8A
valve:16.2MPa
- 22 -
Unit
Specification
Model
YQL-150
3
m /min
40
Voltage
415
Power
kW
150
Outlet temperature
400
Working pressure
MPa
0.8
Dimension
250018001900
Manufactured by
Unit
Pressure reducing
valve of HP bypass
Attemperating
water valve of
HP bypass
Pressure reducing
valve of LP bypass
Attemperating
water valve of
LP bypass
Rated flow
t/h
308
50.42
358
109.3
MPa
14.29
21.2
3.03
2.5
MPa
3.03
21.2
1.0
2.5
545
200
545
80
337
200
160
80
MPa
13.73
17.3
2.331
1.85
MPa
2.534
7.3
0.6
1.48
537
166.7
537
43.4
312.3
166.7
160
43.4
Design inlet
temperature
Design outlet
temperature
Inlet working pressure
Outlet working
pressure
Inlet working
temperature
Outlet working
temperature
Manufactured by
The two-stage series connection bypass system is adopted, in which, the flow capacity of HP
pass is considered as 70% of steam flow under VWO condition and the flow capacity of LP
bypass is considered as the sum of HP bypass flow plus HP bypass attemperating water flow.
2.11 Specification of air cylinder:
Design pressure:
1.0 MPa
Design temperature:
100
normal temperature
- 23 -
Working medium
Test pressure:
Volume:
air
1.25 MPa
1.0 m3
- 24 -
150~300
cleanliness are unqualified. Lubricating oil inlet temperature is abnormal and return oil
temperature is overhigh.
12) Water seeps through the turbine.
13) Quality of water and steam are not in accordance with requirements.
14) Heat preservation of the unit is imperfect.
15) Other auxiliary equipment or system fails in operation.
shall be within the range of 121~177. Inform the boiler staff to ignite the boiler when the
vacuum of condenser reaches 70kPa.
1.3.14 Ignite the boiler to increase temperature and pressure.
1.3.15 Put the bypass system (first the LP bypass and then HP bypass) into operation after
warming up the piping. Put the bypass automatic control into operation.
1.3.16 Start the feed water pump according to the water level of steam drum. The water goes via
bypass valve of the HP heaters. Adjust the water flow with feed water bypass (or conduct water
filling with condensate water-filling pipe). Close the recirculation valve of economizer in water
filling.
1.3.17 Timely open the water filling valve of HP heater after feed water pump start to ensure the
HP heater has the condition of put-in of water side.
1.3.18 The up rate of temperature and pressure shall be as per the requirement of boiler cold
start.
1.3.19 When the initial steam pressure reaches 0.1Mpa, check and confirm the drain valve before
the main stop valve is in open position, check the tightness of HP & MP main stop valves and HP
exhaust check valves to prevent cold water and steam from going into the turbine;
1.3.20 When the pressure rises to 0.5~1.0Mpa, advise the chemical staff to test the steam quality
to decide whether to put continuous blowdown flash tank into operation according to chemical
treatment requirement.
1.3.21 The turbine can be impulsed when the steam pressure rises to 1.5~1.6Mpa, initial steam
temperature to 360, reheat steam temperature to 300, the temperature difference between
initial steam side and reheat steam side is not more than 17, the steam quality is qualified
through test grade and all parts of boiler are normal.
1.4.3.2 Check the initial steam pressure and temperature on DCS and DEH that shall meet the
requirement of turbine impulsing;
1.4.3.3 The turbine is in turning state, turning gear current is normal and continuous turning time
is not less than 4 hours;
1.4.3.4 Water side of both HP and LP heater are into operation, HP and LP heater start along with
the turbine prior to turbine impulsing.
1.4.3.5 Make sure all drain valves from turbine proper to the drain water flash tank are opened,
water flows through HP and LP heater normally; heater drain water system adopts automatic flow
stage by stage, and all heater motor-operated emergency drain valves are on Auto condition;
1.4.3.6 Maintain the vacuum of condenser above 80kPa;
1.4.3.7 Check if the water spraying system of LP cylinder is on Auto position and the pressure of
condensate is normal;
1.4.3.8 Check if the recirculation valve of feed water pump is on Auto position.
1.4.3.9 Control of the drain valves of turbine proper and initial & reheat steam piping is on Auto;
1.4.3.10 Check if the turbine lubricating oil temperature is within 38~42;
1.4.3.11 Turbine lubricating oil pressure is 0.08~0.147Mpa, and oil pressure of EH oil system is
normal;
1.4.3.12 Check if the eccentricity of shaft is 0.076mm and exceed the original value by
0.03mm;
1.4.3.13 Check if the differential expansion of turbine is normal;
1.4.3.14 Check if the temperature difference between of upper and lower cylinder of turbine is
normal.
1.4.3.15 Check the Emergency governor handle on turbine head that shall have been pulled to
Reset position.
1.4.4 Operation of Operator Auto Mode impulsing
1.4.4.1 Put the Operator Auto on IN in Control Mode. Click the button MODE on the upper
left side of the DEN OVERVIEW picture, then the sub-picture CONTROL MODE will appear.
Click the button OA and click button IN within 3 seconds to put in the Operator Auto Mode.
1.4.4.2 Reset the low pressure safety oil emergency governor on the head of turbine and check if
the low pressure safety oil is normal;
1.4.4.3 Click LATCH button of hand-controlled panel on control panel DEH MAN PANNEL to
reset the unit. After turbine reset, check the indicator of governor TRIPPED that shall change
into LATCHED reset indicator.
1.4.4.4 Open the Limit Value picture to input valve limit value 120% and click button GO, check
if the valve limit value is set normally and locally check if safety oil pressure is normal. Click the
- 29 -
main stop valve opening button TVOPN on the control panel DEH MAN PANNEL, and locally
check if HP & MP main stop valves are wide open and check if the HP & MP governing valves are
closed after the picture displays that HP & MP main stop valve are wide open.
1.4.4.5 Set the target speed at 500rpm and speed up rate at 50rpm/min on the set value subpicture CTRL SP, press button GO, here the turbine starts to impulse and speed up, check the
turbine speed that shall rise step by step.
1.4.4.6 Check the turning gear that shall trip automatically to stop turning motor when the speed
is > 60r/min.
1.4.4.7 Check and open the high pressure exhaust check valves, extraction check valve 1, 2, 4
and 5, open steam extraction motor-operated valve 1, 2, 4, 5 (1 and 2 may not be opened when
HP heater does not start along with the turbine) and put interlock into operation.
1.4.4.8 Press the button HOLD hold the speed when turbine speeds up to 500r/min, check the
operating condition of turbine in an all round way and warm the turbine for 4 min at a low speed:
a. Listen to check if the sound of rotating parts of the turbine-generator unit is normal;
b. Check if all bearings temperature and return oil temperature, vibration and oil flow are normal,
and pay attention to checking and governing lubricating oil temperature within the range of
38~42;
c. Check if the water spray valve of LP cylinder has been opened really, the control switch is on
Auto and LP cylinder exhaust temperature is < 80;
d. DEH & check locally to confirm:
Rotor eccentricity <0.076mm;
Rotor Vibration <76m;
Axial displacement within 1.0mm;
Indication of absolute expansion of cylinder is normal;
Temperature difference between the upper and lower HP cylinder < 50
Superheat degree of initial steam is 50.
1.4.4.9 Continue to set the target speed at 2,500 r/min and speed up rate at 40rpm/min. Jacking
oil pump A and B shall stop automatically when the speed reaches 1,500r/min, otherwise stop
them manually;
1.4.4.10 Time of turbine speed up and warming is distributed as follows:
Rotating speed
Time (min)
Temperature of HP
Overall expansion
Vacuum of
of cylinder
condenser
( )
mm
Mpa (a)
r/min
Speed up
Stay
Hold 300~500
10
60
0.0347
50
130
3.5
0.0213
10
Above 150
5~6
Full
- 30 -
vacuum
Up to 3,000 to
10
incorporate into
Above 150
5~6
network
Full
vacuum
- 31 -
synchronization conditions are fulfilled (with speed at 2950~3050rpm) and upon receiving the
signal ASPERM from electric personnel, press the button MODE on the upper left of DEH
control picture, then MODE sub-picture will appear, press the button and click button IN within 3
seconds to put AUTOSYNCHRONIZATION control mode into operation, the main picture will
display enter the mode AS at the same time.
1.5.2 Checking after generator paralleling in and precautions in load on
1) After paralleling in, the generator is to have 5% active load and to a certain amount of inactive
load on to maintain the generator voltage and warm up the unit.
2) After paralleling in, gradually close the high and low pressure bypass according to the pressure
and temperature of steam.
1.5.3 Unit is to have initial load on for 5-10 min for warming up.
1) After paralleling in, the unit is to have initial load on 6~7MW load (5% of rated load), hold the
steam conditions for 5 min to observe if the unit system is normal as having little load on.
2) Put the primary FM control circuit into operation as the case may require.
3) Checking & operation during warming up with initial load:
A. The unit can operate with initial load for 5-10 min stably as the case may require;
B. Warm the steam extraction # 3 to make preparation for steam supply of auxiliary header;
C. Check if the temperature of generator stator core and coil are normal;
D. Check if the turbine vibration, differential expansion, cylinder expansion, axial displacement,
each bearing metal temperature, return oil temperature, lubricating oil pressure and differential
temperature between upper and lower wall of cylinder are normal.
E. Put the water level control into Auto after the water level of deaerator becomes stable.
F. Check if the HP and LP heater operation are normal.
1.6 Load up
1.6.1 After warming up with initial load ends, check if the turbine cylinder expansion is normal
without jamming;
1.6.2 Put the governing stage pressure circuit into operation as the case may require in the
process of load up;
1.6.3 Make the load up to 13.5MW (10% of rated load) by means of valve position at a load up
rate of 0.6MW/min.
1.6.4 Check if the auto operation of bypass system is normal, bypass valves close gradually with
rise of unit parameters.
1.6.5 When the load is up to 13.5MW (10% of rated load), steam pressure to 2.0~3.5 Mpa, initial
steam temperature to 450, reheat steam temperature to 400 and the temperature of HP
- 32 -
stator lower carrier to 390, check if the drain valve at upstream of MP combined valve closed
automatically, if not, close it manually.
1.6.6 When the load reaches 27MW (20% of rated load), check if the water spray device closed
automatically according to LP cylinder exhaust temperature, if not, close it manually. It may put
the unit power control circuit into operation at this time.
1.6.7 When the load reaches 27MW (20% rated load):
A. Check if the initial steam pressure is 4~5 Mpa, temperature is 470 and reheat steam
temperature is 430;
B. Check if the drain valve at downstream of MP combined valve closed automatically, if not,
close it manually;
1.6.8 When the feed water pump flow is >280t/h, confirm the recirculation motor-operated valve
of feed water pump closed by interlocking;
1.6.9 Open the sub-picture controlling set value on DEH control picture to set the target load at
60MW and load up rate at 1.3MW/min, press the button GO to make load of unit continue to go
up.
1.6.10 When the pressure of extraction #3 is > 0.25Mpa, open the extraction #3 to the motoroperated valve of deaerator; and close gradually the auxiliary steam header to deaerator, here
the deaerator operates in sliding pressure mode;
1.6.11 When the steam side pressure of No.2 HP heater is 0.3 MPa higher than that of deaerator,
change the water drain of HP heater into the deaerator; close the water drain of HP heater valve
to condenser valve, slightly open the HP heater No.1 and No.2 to the air valve of deaerator.
When the pressure of steam extraction #3 is > 0.3 Mpa, change the steam supply of the auxiliary
header into the steam extraction #3 of this unit.
1.6.12 As the load reaches 54MW (40% rated load), initial steam pressure to 7Mpa and
temperature to 470 and reheat steam temperature to 450 , start one LP drain water pump
according to the water level of LP heater, close water drain of LP heater to drain valve of
condenser, and put the auto control of drain into operation when the water level is adjusted to be
normal.
1.6.13 When the load reaches 121.5MW (90% of rated load), steam conditions shall be up to
nominal parameters in which initial steam pressure is 13.24Mpa, initial and reheat steam
temperature are 535:
1.6.13.1 From warming up with initial load to 90% of rated load, the time of steam conditions
reaching the ratings shall be controlled at 120 min;
1.6.13.2 Put the Initial Steam Pressure Control into operation on the DEH panel as the case
may require after initial steam pressure reaches the rating;
- 33 -
1.6.14 Change the control mode of valves from Single Valve Control to Sequence Valve
Control after the unit load reaches over 50MW, and pay attention to the change in load in
changeover.
1.6.15 Continue to make load up until 135MW, perform an overall check and report the check
results to the unit supervisor.
shut down the unit immediately if so; negative differential expansion of HP & MP cylinder must
not be less than -3mm and it is necessary to shut down the turbine immediately if up to -3mm; in
the process of speed up, closely monitor the differential expansion, hold the speed if discovering
differential expansion alarm, and shut down the turbine as up to the shutdown value.
1.7.11 Absolute expansion of cylinder:
In start-up, pay attention to monitoring the absolute expansion of cylinder and compare with the
same in the first start-up to prevent cylinder expansion from being obstructed, cylinder shall
expands continuously with jamming, if expansion is abnormal, it is required to reinforce warming
up, find out and remove the cause.
1.7.12 Differential temperature between upper and lower part of the cylinder: must not be more
than 50.
1.7.13 Axial displacement: must not exceed 1mm. Shut down the turbine as up to 1.2mm.
1.7.14 LP cylinder exhaust temperature: must not exceed 80 (alarm value), shut down the
turbine as up to 121.
1.7.15 Metal temperature and return oil temperature of all bearings:
(1) Normally return oil temperature of all bearings shall be below 75; shut down the turbine as
up to 80;
(2) Outlet oil temperature of oil cooler is within 38~42;
(3) Metal temperature of journal bearing 1~3 shall be below 107; shut down the turbine as
up to 113; the metal temperature of journal bearing4~5 shall be below 75, shut down the
turbine as up to 80;
(4) Metal temperature of thrust bearing shall not be higher than 99 ; shut down the turbine
immediately as up to 107;
(5) Lubricating oil pressure is within 0.09~0.15Mpa.
1.7.16 Before the unit impulsing, adjust the initial and reheat steam parameters to meet the startup requirements by bypass, generally these is no need to adjust the parameters in the process of
unit speed up so as not to affect the rotating speed. After the unit paralleling in, check if the
automatic control of bypass is normal and pay attention to that the tracking of attemperating
water shall be normal; the adjustment of the opening extent of HP & LP bypass shall be based on
the need of boiler to prevent too acute oscillation of MP governing valve as a result of too high
steam pressure of boil side and too large opening of bypass, at the same time pay attention to
the pressure difference before and after HP exhaust steam check valve to prevent it from being
closed and causing chocking.
1.7.17 Strictly monitor the water level of HP & LP heater, deaerator and condenser in the process
of start-up.
1.7.18 Temperature rise & decrease rate
- 35 -
<2~2.5/min
Temperature
decrease rate
<1.5/min
<3~3.5/min
<2.5/min
8/min
4~6/min
2~2.5/min
Name
Unit
In temperature
In temperature
rise
decrease
<30
<50
<50
40~70
<17
<40
- 36 -
<40
2.2.2 For hot start, pay attention to maintaining the parameters stable as up to impulsing
parameters.
2.3.2 Fix impulsing parameters as per the following table according to cylinder temperature:
Item
Warm state
Hot state
Remarks
150~300
300~400
At least 50 higher
With 50 superheat
the
than
degree
steam
temperature ()
Reheat
steam
temperature ()
Time
lower
half
metal
the
lower
half
temperature of HP stator
metal
carrier
HP stator carrier
pressure
At least 30 higher
With 50 superheat
degree
metal
corresponding
lower
flange
metal
temperature of MP cylinder
temperature
temperature
MP cylinder
of
under
of
corresponding
under
pressure
from
impulsing
to
full
speed
in
50
10
speed (min)
Max
speed up (r/min)
450
100
steam lead pipe, etc. parts can cool quickly after shutdown, pay attention to the temperature rise
rate of them in start-up to prevent excessive heating and pay attention to the vibration of unit.
- 39 -
- 40 -
Unit
MPa
Normal
Max
value
13.24
Min.
Remarks
shut down the unit immediately
13.73
as up to 14.22 Mpa
Duration at 553 must not
535
540
520
MPa
2.238
2.445
535
540
t/h
398.9
440
t/h
335.2
360.9
<40
<17
MPa
2.531
3.0
312.1
321.6
Temperature
difference
difference
cylinder
exhaust
pressure
HP
cylinder
exhaust
- 41 -
520
temperature
LP
cylinder
exhaust
pressure
LP
cylinder
exhaust
temperature
kPa
8.83
20.3
<65
120
Governing
stage
10.34
Extraction
Extraction
Extraction
Extraction
Extraction
Extraction
Extraction
steam
steam
steam
steam
steam
steam
steam
No.1
No.2
No.3
No.4
No.5
No.6
No.7
3.5516
2.4566
0.7301
0.4509
0.2515
0.067
0.0143
Unit
Normal value
MPa
0.02~0.03
149
kPa
-5~-7
mm
Max
Min
176
121
Remarks
1/3 of water
level gauge
Unit
Alarm value
Limit value
Axial displacement
mm
1.2
mm
+7, -2
+8, -3
mm
+6.5
+7.5
Remark
Unit
Item
Operating
- 42 -
Operating result
Water level
of deaerator
Pressure of
deaerator
Normal value
High value I
value
2,550
2,750
High value II
2,850
2,950
Low value I
2,350
Alarm
Interlock open the motor-operated overflow
valve of deaerator
Interlock close the steam extraction No.3
motor-operated valve and check valve
interlocking, interlock close the motoroperated overflow valve of the deaerator
when the water level decreases to below
2,750mm;
Alarm
Low value II
Normal
680
0.68
Low pressure
High pressure
0.3
0.85
mm
MPa
Unit
Normal
Max
Mini
Remarks
Alarm at 0.08Mpa;
AC lubricating oil pump puts in at
Lubricating
oil
pressure
0.07Mpa;
MPa
0.078~0.147
MPa
0.098~0.11
Alarm at 0.9Mpa;
MPa
1.1~1.18
Interlock
start
oil
pump
at
0.883Mpa
38~42
45
<65
<75
<85
<70
<85
mm
1808
38
Alarm at 35
Alarm at 65
Alarm at 107, shut down at
113
2,616
MPa
1,245
- 43 -
Name
Unit
Normal
Max
Mini
Remarks
MPa
oil header
10~12
4.2MPa
Overflow valve operates at 16.2
EH oil pressure
MPa
Mpa;
13.7~14.5
mm
438.15~558.8
EH oil temperature
35~45
438.15
558.8
Unit
Normal
Max
Min
Remarks
Permit to start pump at 0.17Mpa;
Auxiliary
MPa
0.2~0.3
0.3
0.17
oil
pump
stops
automatically at 0.22Mpa;
Alarm and auxiliary oil pump starts
automatically at 0.08Mpa;
Feed water pump trips at 0.08Mpa.
Inlet
oil
temperature
of
oil
temperature
of
pressure
of
lubricating
oil
<65
70
45
<55
60
35
<110
130
60
<75
85
35
MPa
0.01-0.03
0.06
strainer
Journal
bearing
pump motor
Journal
temperature
bearing
of
booster
70
90
pump
- 44 -
Name
Unit
Journal
Normal
Max
Min
Remarks
bearing
70
90
75
95
pump
Thrust bearing temperature
of feed water pump
High inlet flow of feed water
pump
Low inlet
flow of feed
water pump
Temperature
of
t/h
t/h
rotor
130
95
motor
Temperature of all bearings
inside the coupling
Differential
pressure
of
sealing water
<90
MP
>0.1
Unit
Normal
Remarks
value
700
No.1
Water
level of
HP heater
975
No.2
Hardness
Dissolved oxygen
Conductivity
(mol/l)
(g/l)
(s/cm)
SiO2 (g/l)
Condensate
Approach 0
40
0.3
20
Feed water
Approach 0
0.3
20
- 45 -
PH value
8.8~9.3
Boiler water
50
450
9.0~10
Iron ppb
Copper ppb
Sio2 g/l
Sodium g/l
Permitted value
20
20
10
Conductivity
ms/cm
0.3
- 46 -
the dead-band of module, the output and unit power demand are summed up and sent to the
turbine side to limit the initial steam pressure to change further. At the same time, the combustion
rate on boiler side changes quickly to make the initial steam pressure return to the range of
specified value. This control mode is commonly used by general unit plant that takes advantage
of thermal storage capacity of boiler and ensures the stability of steam pressure.
Cooperative control system requires both boiler main controller and turbine main controller are on
Auto position, otherwise it is unavailable.
- 48 -
- 49 -
Work contents
Test
of
emergency
sound
10
12
13
15
16
17
18
Operator
Supervisor
Vice operator
Operator
on duty
on duty
Vice operator
day
on duty
Daytime shift on
Operator on
Unit
Monday
duty
supervisor
Daytime shift on
Operator on
Unit
Monday
duty
supervisor
Daytime shift on
Routine
Thursday
inspector
Operator on
Unit
duty
supervisor
Vice operator
Operator
on duty
on duty
Vice operator
Operator
on duty
on duty
Routine
Operator
inspector
on duty
Vice operator
Operator
on duty
on duty
Vice operator
Operator
on duty
on duty
Vice operator
Operator
on duty
on duty
Operator on
Unit
duty
supervisor
Operator on
Unit
duty
supervisor
Operator on
Unit
duty
supervisor
Operator on
Unit
duty
supervisor
Operator on
Unit
duty
supervisor
Operator on
Unit
unit operating
duty
supervisor
14
Per shift
valve
11
&
thermodynamic signal
Time requirement
Note: regular switching of power equipment can be advanced if the due time meets with weekend
or holiday, but it must make records through.
- 50 -
- 51 -
135
Time (min)
110
75
54
5.4
20
51
60
71
72
535
500
474
472
466
465
535
480
452
450
445
444
496
455
415
410
400
398
1.2.5 Decrease the parameter and load according to the normal shutdown curve at the rate of
initial steam temperature of 1.5/min, reheat steam temperature of 2.5 /min and initial steam
pressure of 0.05Mpa/min.
1.2.6 Open the sub-picture of set value control on the main control picture of DEH to set target
load at 75MW and load down rate at 1.13MW/min, then press RATE and ENTER button; press
- 52 -
to decrease to zero.
1.2.20 Start AC lubricating oil pump, advise electrical personnel that the generator can be
paralleled off, at this time the steam turbine and boiler shall interlock trip (press the button OFF
to trip them in special case). Check HP & MP main stop valve, governing valve, extraction check
valve and exhaust check valves of HP cylinder A & B that shall close all; unit speed decreases.
1.2.20 Works to done during unit idle time
1.2.20.1 Check the condition of unit idling, listen to its internal sound and record the idle time;
1.2.20.2 When the rotating speed is 2,500r/min, close the air valve of condenser; when the
rotating speed is 1,500r/min, check if the jacking oil pump opened automatically, if not, open it
manually;
1.2.20.3 When the rotating speed is 300~400r/min, open the vacuum breaker valve to decrease
vacuum degree, control the rotating speed to 0 and vacuum to 0; stop the shaft seal motor,
stop the shaft seal steam supply and close isolating valve; stop the vacuum pump.
1.2.20.4 When the unit comes to rest, put the continuous turning into operation and record the
shaft bending and turning gear current.
1.2.21 Operation after shutdown
1.2.21.1 Check HP & LP bypass that shall stop and exit.
1.2.21.2 Close the cooling water valve of oil cooler and air cooler, close the attemperating water
valve of feed water pump and open the oxygen exhaust valve of deaerator to decrease the
pressure to zero.
1.2.21.3 When boiler is filled with water, stop the feed water pump, stop the deaerator heating
and close the isolating valve.
1.2.21.4 Open the recirculation of condensate pump and adjust the water level of deaerator and
condenser.
1.2.21.5 When the exhaust hood temperature is <50 , stop the circulating water pump with
approval of unit supervisor.
1.2.21.6 When the exhaust hood temperature <50, stop the condensate pump with approval of
unit supervisor.
1.2.21.7 When the HP carrier lower half metal temperature is <150, stop continuous turning.
1.2.21.8 When the rotor comes to rest; release the interlocking of oil pump and stop the jacking
oil pump and AC lubricating oil pump.
1.2.22 Precautions in normal shutdown
1.2.22.1 In the process of shutdown, keep the initial and reheat temperature within normal range
as much as possible that shall not be lower than 450minimally.
1.2.22.2 In the process of load down, pay attention to the change in differential expansion of HP
- 54 -
& MP cylinder, when the differential expansion reaches -1mm, stop load down, if such negative
value continues to increase, take measures to reduce the load quickly to zero for shutdown.
1.2.22.3 When the vibration at unit idling increases, reduce the vacuum degree to make the unit
speed lower quickly.
1.2.22.4 After the unit shuts down and before the boiler, deaerator and auxiliary steam header
release pressure completely, closely monitor the metal temperature of steam turbine to prevent
steam & water from escaping into the steam water.
1.2.22.5 If discover exhaust cylinder temperature increases after shutdown, find out the cause
and cut off steam source, or else start the condensate pump and put the LP cylinder spray into
operation to reduce the exhaust cylinder temperature. After shutdown, pay attention to monitoring
the water level of condenser and deaerator to prevent overfeed of water.
1.3.5.1 The main controller operator on duty shall reduce the pressure and temperature at the
rate of 0.04~0.049MPa/min and 1.5/min for initial steam and 2.5 /min for reheat steam; pay
attention to controlling the load down rate at 0.4MW/min.
1.3.5.2 Reduce the initial steam temperature to 500 and pressure to 10.79MPa slowly, open
wide the speed governing valve gradually and reduce the load to 100MW and keep stable
operation for 20 minutes.
1.3.5.3 Reduce the initial steam pressure and temperature at the rate of 0.03~0.04MPa/min and
1.5/min, unit load continues to decrease and pay attention to controlling the load down rate at
0.4MW/min.
1.3.5.4 When the load decreases to 40MW, keep stable operation for 40 minutes.
1.3.5.5 When the initial steam flow is 30%, put HP & LP bypass and three-stage attemperating
water into operation, continue to reduce the initial steam pressure and temperature at the rate of
0.03~0.04Mpa/min and 1.5/min, unit load continues to decrease and pay attention to
controlling the load down rate at 0.4MW/min.
1.3.5.6 When the load decreases to 10MW, initial steam pressure to 1.6~2.0MPa and initial
steam temperature to 370~380, the sliding pressure shutdown is over and prepare to shut
down. Open the sub-picture of set value control on the main control picture of DEH to set the
target load at 0MW and load down rate at 5MW/min, and the unit load continues to decrease.
1.3.5.7 Report to the shift engineer when the load decreases to zero and trip to shut down the
unit.
1.3.5.8 Other operations refer to normal shutdown.
1.3.6 Precautions in the sliding pressure shutdown
1.3.6.1 Strictly follow the principle of reducing pressure first and reducing temperature second in
sliding pressure shutdown, and assign special person to monitor the reduction of steam
temperature and pressure and read meter once every 10 minutes, within which the pressure drop
must not exceed 0.4 MPa and temperature drop must not exceed 15 , if not, stop reducing
pressure and temperature immediately and continue after stabilizing for a period.
1.3.6.2 Keep an identity between the initial steam and reheat steam which temperature difference
must not be more than 40, and degree of superheat must be higher 50 so as to prevent
water hammer accident.
1.3.6.3 If discover the negative value of differential pressure increases too fast in sliding pressure
shutdown, lower the load down rate. When HP differential expansion reaches -0.1m, stop
reducing load and continue after differential expansion rises again, if the measures take no effect
and the differential expansion continues to increase, reduce the load to zero quickly and trip to
shut down the unit. Start AC lubricating oil pump, and record the idle time and listen to the sound
- 56 -
- 57 -
deaerator water level and HP & LP heater water level to prevent valves of steam, extraction and
drain system from untightness and resulting in cold steam and water entering the turbine;
1.4.6 In turning, pay attention to monitoring lubricating oil inlet temperature of all bearings that
shall be higher than 21, as well as indications of metal temperature of all bearings, turning gear
current and turbine cylinder temperature that shall be normal and record them once every hour;
1.4.7 Keep the turning gear and oil circulating system running for not less than 48 hours after
normal shutdown;
1.4.8 After turbine shutdown, it is prohibited to fill the condenser and heater to test leak when the
cylinder temperature is higher than 200, If it must be conducted, work out reliable preventive
measures against sharp cooling of cylinder resulting in shaft bending that shall be approved by
the shift engineer;
1.4.9 After bypass system is stopped, check to make sure attemperating water valve is closed
tightly;
1.4.10 If there is clear friction sound inside the cylinder during turning, stop turning, but change to
15 minutes interval and turn the rotor by180, and forced turning is not permitted;
1.4.11 When the first stage metal temperature of HP cylinder is higher than 150 , the turning
can only be stopped with approval of unit supervisor, get done with marking clearly, record the
stop time, and turn by 180 manually every 5~15 minutes according to the state of cylinder.
Turning time is required to be at least 10 times larger than the stop time prior to restart;
1.4.12 After shutdown, if the bearing or other parts require maintenance, both the turning gear
and oil circulation shall operate for more than 24 hours to keep the outlet oil temperature of oil
cooler at about 35, and it can stop the turning gear and cut off oil circulation after which, but it
is necessary to prolong the turning time prior to unit start;
1.4.13 For the shutdown for emergency maintenance, keep the turning gear and bearing oil
system circulation for at least more than 3 hours, after which it can stop turning and oil circulation
for 15 minutes and do not stop the oil circulation as much as possible. 15 minutes after stop, start
the turning gear to operate for 2 hours or until the eccentricity becomes stable. After which, it can
stop the turning gear and oil circulation, but the offtime shall not exceed 30 minutes, among
which, 15 minutes after stop, start the oil circulation to turn rotor by 180. After 30 minutes
mentioned above, start the turning gear and oil circulation, and run the steam turbine over again
for 2 hours or until the eccentricity becomes stable. As long as turn the rotor by 180 every 30
minutes within the following six hours, the system will be able to be off for long. Start the oil
circulation to lubricate all bearings during the 180 turning.
1.4.14 If it is required to stop the turning gear for emergency due to unit fault, which may make
the rotor suffer from serious bending, so it must keep oil circulation for at least over 24 hours after
shutdown to prevent bearing from overheating, and keep the outlet oil temperature of oil cooler
- 58 -
- 59 -
supervisor.
1.10 The operator shall not leave the post in the process of treatment of fault and accident, If the
fault occurs during work shift, it postpone the time of shift, the staff to hand over shall go on
working and eliminate the accident with assistance by the staff to take over until the unit recovers
normal operation or receiving the order about shift from the unit supervisor.
1.11 People irrelevant to the accident shall not stay at the spot.
1.12 After treatment of fault and accident, the staff on duty shall report the time, phenomenon,
reason, development and the treatment process to the shift engineer and keep detailed records,
and the meeting it after work shift shall analyze the fault.
1.13 First make every effort to eliminate the danger to personal and equipment safety in case of
accident.
1.14 Strive to keep normal running of non-faulted equipment.
1.15 Prevent wrong judgment or treatment caused by bad contact, uncertain condition and
inaccurate report.
3.2 In the case where the initial and reheat steam temperature on turbine side increases to above
545 and cannot recover after running for 30 minutes; where the temperature continues to rise
to 555 and cannot recover within more than 15 minutes; or where the temperature exceeds
565;
3.3 The initial steam pressure increases to above 14.71Mpa;
3.4 The back pressure of conderser reaches 20.3KPa or circulating water interrupts;
3.5 The steam turbine rejects load to 0 to run for more than 15 minutes;
3.6 The change in frequency is lower than 46HZ;
3.7 The initial and reheat steam and feed water pipe or valve breaks to endanger the equipment
safety;
3.8 The MFT operates, but the major interlock of turbine-boiler refuses to operate;
3.9 The main stop valve, governing valve and MP combined valve are jammed and cannot
recover;
3.10 LP cylinder exhaust temperature reaches 121;
3.11 The steam turbine motor operates for more than 1 minute;
3.12 When an important monitoring meter displays inaccurately or fails, it must stop running in
the condition that there is not any effective monitoring means;
3.13 The copper tube of condenser breaks resulting a great deal of circulating water entering the
steam side.
hand to check if the if the HP & MP main stop valve, speed governing valve, extraction check
valve and HP exhaust check valve are closed and if the rotating speed of unit decreases;
6.3 Release the starting oil pump interlocking and start the lubricating oil pump;
6.4 If boiler MFT operates, treat it according to MFT operation emergency shutdown;
6.5 Adjust the steam supply pressure of deaerator and shaft seal, and switch to the standby
steam source in time;
6.6 Check thoroughly, listen to the sound of unit and record the idle time;
6.7 Other operations as per normal shutdown procedure.
7. Decreasing of Vacuum
7.1 Phenomenon
7.1.1 The condenser vacuum indication decreases, local vacuum gauge, DEH or DCS displays
vacuum decreasing;
7.1.2 The exhaust temperature of steam turbine rises;
7.1.3 Conderser Vacuum Low sound & light alarms.
7.2 Cause
7.2.1 The circulating water pump works abnormally and the system valve is operated by mistake,
which result in interruption or lack of circulating water;
7.2.2 The steam supply of shaft seal is not enough or shaft seal carry-over;
7.2.3 The water level of condenser is too high;
7.2.4 The vacuum pump works abnormally;
7.2.5 The vacuum system leaks or the system valve is operated by mistake;
7.2.6 The condenser piping is dirty;
7.2.7 The water temperature of vacuum pump is high;
7.2.8 No level or overfeed of water of the shaft seal heater.
7.3 Treatment
7.3.1 If discover the condenser vacuum decreasing, check the exhaust temperature immediately
to ascertain vacuum down;
7.3.2 If the condenser vacuum decreases, it shall start the standby vacuum pump rapidly to
observe the change in vacuum;
7.3.3 If the vacuum keeps on decreasing, it shall reduce the unit load appropriately until alarm off,
find out the cause and give treatment;
7.3.4 Check the operation of circulating water pump:
a. Check if the circulating water pump operates normally, otherwise switch to the standby
circulating pump or start another pump, when there are two pumps operating, if one pump stops
- 64 -
for fault to result in decreasing of condenser vacuum, it shall close the outlet valve of faulted
pump quickly;
b. Check the outlet valve of circulating water pump, and open it in time if it is closed by mistake;
c. Check if the circulating water pressure is normal, if it is low, check if the circulating water
system leaks or is blocked;
d. Check the differential pressure between the circulating water outlet and inlet of condenser is
normal, if it is high, then clean a half of condenser;
e. Check if the disc valve of condenser inlet & outlet is closed by mistake; if so, open it
immediately;
7.3.5 Check the shaft seal system:
a. If the shaft seal header pressure is low, then check if the shaft seal steam source and overflow
valve are normal to adjust the shaft seal header pressure to normal;
b. If the steam pressure of LP shaft seal is low, then turn down the shaft seal attemperator spray
isolating valve and adjust the LP shaft seal steam temperature at 149;
c. If the shaft seal heater pressure is high, then start the standby shaft seal heater blower to
check if the multi-stage water seal of shaft seal heater is broken and water level is normal.
7.3.6 Check if the water level of condenser condensation sump is high, if so, it shall find out the
cause and give treatment;
7.3.7 Check if the LP extraction flange and junction plane of LP cylinder leak, if the vacuum
system is tight, in the case where the vacuum system leaks, seal it off and contact with
maintenance personnel to treat;
7.3.8 Check if the vacuum breaker valve is opened by mistake
7.3.9 Check if any vacuum valve and flange leaks;
7.3.10 Check if the water level of vacuum pump steam-water separator is normal and if the
vacuum pump water temperature is normal;
7.3.11 When the back pressure of condenser reaches 20.3KPa, the steam turbine shall trip
automatically and trip it manually, and give treatment according to the procedure of fault
shutdown.
8.1.4 The initial steam and reheat steam pipe or the extraction pipe vibrate, shaft seal has water
hammer sound, and there is white steam belching from the main stop valve and speed governing
valve lever, as well as the flange of extraction pipe;
8.1.5 Temperature of initial and reheat steam decreases sharply;
8.1.6 Temperature of LP shaft seal header decreases sharply.
8.2 Cause
8.2.1 The boiler drum is overfed with water;
8.2.2 The steam drum pressure drops sharply, which result in the carry-over;
8.2.3 Adjustment of the boiler steam temperature is inappropriate;
8.2.4 When the unit is started, the drainage of turbine proper, shaft seal system and all relevant
steam pipes are not smooth;
8.2.5 The heater leaks or drainage is not smooth and deaerator is overfed water;
8.2.6 The unit load changes abruptly;
8.2.7 Boiler water is unqualified or carry-over (priming);
8.2.8 The attemperating water valve of bypass system is not closed tightly;
8.2.9 When the superheat degree of initial steam and reheat steam is low, the speed governing
valve swings severely.
8.3 Treatment
8.3.1 Open the drain valves of steam turbine proper and the relevant steam pipes to intensify
proper drainage;
8.3.2 If water flowing into the steam turbine is caused by water overfeed of heater, it shall stop
the overfed heater and isolate it to drain water;
8.3.3 In case of white steam belching from the main and reheat steam pipe flange, and main stop
valve and governing valve lever, treat according to fault shutdown;
8.3.4 Record the idle time of turbine and listen to the sound of inside of turbine in idling carefully;
8.3.5 Put the turning gear into operation after the turbine come to rest, it shall execute the
stipulations for turning gear operation in shutdown strictly, and intensify proper drainage;
8.3.6 After turbine shutdown caused by water emergency, it can only restart the turbine after the
unit is normal through check, temperature difference between upper and lower cylinder is<50,
and rotor eccentricity <0.076mm with approval of the chief engineer;
8.3.7 In the process of the start, it shall pay attention to monitoring the axial displacement,
vibration and bearing temperature, etc. parameters and drainage of relevant stem pipes of the
turbine proper, if any abnormal sound or stator-rotor friction in the process of restart, it shall break
the vacuum to shut down immediately;
8.3.8 In case of water flowing into the turbine, if the axial displacement, differential expansion and
- 66 -
bearing temperature reach the tripping value, idle time shortens obviously, or there is any
abnormal sound inside the turbine, it shall shut down to check.
10.1 Phenomenon
10.1.1 The fire monitor control raises the alarm;
10.1.2 Flare or smoke is discovered locally;
10.1.3 When the turbine oil pipe leaks, the oil level of main oil tank decreases;
10.1.4 When the lubricating oil system leaks, lubricating oil pressure decreases, signal
Lubricating Oil Pressure Low may be raised and AC & DC lubricating oil pump may interlock
start.
10.2 Cause
10.2.1 Oil system leaks;
10.2.2 Oil leaks to high temperature hot body or faulted electrical equipment;
10.2.3 Oil pipe is broken due to external causes and oil leaks to the hot body.
10.3 Treatment:
10.3.1 If any abnormal change in the oil level of main oil tank and all oil pressure, it shall find out
the cause, if due to oil leak of oil system, it shall ascertain the leaking point and try to isolate it
from surrounding hot body pat and operating equipment to prevent the oil system from catching
fire, meanwhile, contact the maintenance personnel to treat the leaking point temporarily;
10.3.2 If the equipment and pipe of unit oil system is damaged to leak, in any case where the
equipment or pipe cannot be isolated from system to be treated or oil has seeped into the heat
distribution pipe, it shall shut down to treat immediately;
10.3.3 After the system catches fire, it shall cut of the equipment power supply endangered by the
fire, and then extinguish the fire and advise the fire fighter immediately;
10.3.4 If the fire cannot be extinguished quickly and endangers the personal and equipment
safety, it shall break the vacuum to shut down for emergency immediately. Release the
interlocking of starting oil pump, not start the starting oil pump to shut down the lubricating oil
pump; if the lubricating oil system catches fire that cannot be extinguished, resulting in shutdown,
it may reduce the lubricating oil pressure to decrease oil leak in the precondition of ensuring
normal lubrication of bearing.
10.3.5 When the fire endangers the main oil tank or top platform, plant building and neighboring
turbine, after tripping to shut down, it shall open the emergency oil drain valve of main oil tank,
keep mini permitted oil level prior to the rotor coming to rest and drain out the remaining oil after
rotor coming to rest.
- 68 -
become abnormal.
11.1.1 Phenomenon
a. Initial steam and reheat steam pressure gauge change;
b. DEH and DCS display the initial steam and reheat steam pressure alarm;
c. When the unit operating in coordinated control mode, its load changes correspondingly.
11.1.2 Cause
a. Fault in control system;
b. Units load changes abruptly.
11.1.3 Treatment
a. If it is the fault in control system that caused abnormality of initial and reheat steam
pressure, it shall adjust the charge of fuel to restore the initial and reheat steam pressure;
b. If it is the too quick change of units load that caused abnormality of initial and reheat
steam pressure, it shall try to stabilize the load and change it after the initial and reheat
steam pressure recovering;
c. If the initial and reheat steam pressure are high, it may increase the units load to make
the pressure recover;
d. When the initial steam pressure rises up to 14.71Mpa, it shall trip to shut down the turbine;
e. When the initial and reheat steam pressure change, it shall pay attention to the units
vibration, sound, differential expansion and axial displacement, as well as temperature
difference between upper and lower cylinder of turbine;
f. When the steam pressure drops, it shall control each monitored section pressure not
exceeding the max permitted value with initial steam flow rate440t/h;
g. If the steam pressure keeps on dropping to below 4Mpa and cannot recover, treat
according to fault shutdown.
11.2 Steam pressure does not change, but the initial steam and reheat steam temperature
become abnormal.
11.2.1 Phenomenon
a. Initial steam and reheat steam temperature gauge change;
b. DEH and DCS display the initial steam and reheat steam temperature alarm.
11.2.2 Cause
a. Governing of attemperator to the initial steam and reheat steam fails;
b. Boiler steam drum is overfed with water;
c. Boiler combustion is unstable and combustion condition changes;
d. Units load changes greatly;
e. Coking or soot deposit of furnace;
- 69 -
valve, shaft seal and junction plane of cylinder, if any water hammer, it shall shut down the turbine
for emergency. Closely monitor the change in metal temperature and differential expansion;
11.3.4 Pay attention to the change in shaft seal pressure and water level of condenser and all
heaters, switch over the steam source of deaerator in time;
11.3.5 When the initial steam temperature and pressure decrease at same time, although not to
the shutdown temperature, the initial steam temperature is over 50 lower than the first stage
metal temperature, it shall report to the unit supervisor and request for fault shutdown.
- 72 -
f. Switch the lubricating oil strainer, and operate and check if the stage oil injector is
blocked.
g. If the overpressure valve operates by mistake, contact the maintenance personnel to treat;
h. If the lubricating oil pressure still decreases to 0.06MPa, the DC lubricating oil pump
should start to operate automatically, otherwise start it manually;
i. The lubricating oil pressure still decreases to 0.06MPa even if various measures, it shall
break the vacuum for emergency shutdown.
13.4 The oil pressure does not change, while oil level decreases:
13.4.1 Cause:
a. Oil leak in the return oil pipe of the oil cooler, oil system or oil catch of bearing;
b. Emergency oil drain valve, oil drain valve of oil tank, sampling valve or water discharging
valve etc. leak or opened by mistake;
c. Oil gauge malfunctioned;
d. If the oil pump packing set leaks oil seriously.
13.4.2 Treatment:
a. Check if the indication of the oil level gauge of oil tank is right;
b. Check if the emergency oil drain valve and sampling valve etc. leak or opened by mistake;
c. Check the leak of the running oil cooler, if any, it shall switch over to others.
d. Check if there is oil leak of oil system pipe completely, if any, try to eliminate the leak and
take strict precautions against oil leaking to high temperature pipe and equipment;
e. When the oil level of oil tank decreases to 1,800mm, it shall contact the maintenance
personnel to service and make up oil in time;
f. When oil level decreases to 1,245mm, if any means takes no effect, it shall break the
vacuum for emergency shutdown.
13.5 Oil pressure does not change, which oil level rises:
13.5.1 Phenomenon & cause:
a. Great steam leakage of shaft seal and too wide clearance of main bearing oil catch
caused water mixed in oil;
b. Oil cooler leaks, and the pressure of water side is higher than that of oil side.
13.5.2 Treatment
a. Check if the indication of the oil level gauge is right;
b. Discharge the water from the bottom of oil tank, if the water quantity is high, it shall advise
the chemical staff to assay the oil quality and filter the oil if necessary;
c. Adjust the steam inlet pressure and flow of shaft seal;
d. Switch over the oil cooler to check leaks;
- 73 -
e. Ascertain the cause of water flowing into oil system then eliminate it.
13.6 Oil pressure and level decrease at the same time.
13.6.1 If the oil supply system leaks seriously, it shall report to the unit supervisor to try to stop
the leak and take measures against fire, change the direction of oil leakage to keep it off the hot
body if necessary, meanwhile advise the maintenance personnel to make up oil of oil tank and
eliminate the defect;
13.6.2 Check if the oil and water discharge valves are on closed position;
13.6.3 Check leak of the oil cooler, if any, it shall switch to the standby oil cooler in time;
13.6.4 If the bearing oil inlet pressure decreases to below 0.06Mpa or oil level decreases to
1,245mm due to a great deal of oil leak, it shall start the lubricating oil pump immediately to break
the vacuum for emergency shutdown.
13.7 The return oil temperature of bearing rises
13.7.1 Cause
a. The outlet oil temperature of the oil cooler rises;
b. The lubricating oil pressure decreases or the oil inlet pipe of bearing is blocked;
c. The bearing pas is damaged and inlet hole is blocked;
d. Much vibration of the unit;
e. The steam turbine is overloaded and axial thrust is excessive;
f. The oil quality decreases.
13.7.2 Treatment
a. When the return oil temperature of bearing rises by 2~3 suddenly, it shall find out the
cause and take corresponding measures;
b. When the return oil temperature of all bearings rises, it shall check if the oil outlet
temperature of oil cooler and lubricating oil pressure are normal;
c. When the return oil temperature of only one bearing rises, it shall check the inlet oil
pressure and return oil flow of this bearing, as well as bearing vibration and axial
displacement change, and report to the unit supervisor;
d. When the thrust bearing pad temperature rises to 80 , report to the unit supervisor and
find out the cause, if the temperature keeps on rising to 90 , report to the unit supervisor to
lower the oil outlet temperature of oil cooler and load appropriately, meanwhile pay attention
to the axial displacement and return oil temperature of thrust bearing pad.
e. When any bearing oil interrupts or smokes or bearing return oil temperature rises up to
75 sharply, it shall break the vacuum for emergency shutdown.
13.8.1 In the process of unit start, it shall treat the fault in the starting oil pump as follows:
a. When the rotating speed of steam turbine reaches below 2500rpm, start the lubricating oil
pump immediately, trip to shut down the turbine, and it can only restart the turbine after
removing the fault in the starting oil pump;
b. When the rotating speed of steam turbine reaches above 2500rpm, it shall start the AC
lubricating oil pump at once, if the main oil pump is able to maintain normal oil pressure,
increase the speed up to 3,000rpm quickly, stop and service the starting oil pump, it can only
restart after removing the fault in the starting oil pump.
13.8.2 Treatment of fault in the auxiliary oil pump in the process of unit shutdown:
a. If it is the AC lubricating oil pump that gets fault, start the starting oil pump or DC
lubricating oil pump immediately to make shutdown continue;
b. If all three oil pumps get fault: it shall start the jacking oil pump immediately to break the
vacuum for emergency shutdown.
b. It shall cease the start-up when there is friction at end shaft seal or through-flow parts,
report to the unit supervisor and relative leaders, it can only restart the unit after finding out
the cause;
c. In the process of shutdown, if friction sound inside the end shaft seal or cylinder can be
heard clearly, it shall break the vacuum for emergency shutdown;
d. In the case of shutdown due to abnormal vibration, it shall pay attention to the idle time
and listen to the inner sound of the unit carefully and increase the time of continuous turning.
17. Turbine trips, while the generator does not parallel off
17.1 Phenomenon
17.1.1 Some protection operates and makes signals, power reaches zero or displayed in
negative;
17.1.2 HP & MP Main stop valve, speed governing valve, extraction check valve and HP exhaust
check valves closed;
17.1.3 The generator does not parallel off and speed does not change.
17.2 Treatment
17.2.1 After the protection operating, it shall cut off the outlet switch of generator-transformer unit
to parallel off and shut down, and the operating time of unit without steam shall not exceed 1
minute;
17.2.2 Check and ascertain the cause steam turbine protection operating, treat according to
emergency shutdown or fault shutdown;
17.2.3 If the protection of steam turbine operates by mistake, it shall advise the thermodynamic
engineer to find out and remove the cause quickly. If it fails within 15 minutes, it shall shut down
the unit for fault;
17.2.4 Advise the electric staff to find out and remove the non-tripping cause of generatortransformer unit quickly;
17.2.5 After removing the fault, it can only restart the unit after it is normal through test.
automatic governing;
18.1.4 Partial protections and interlocks of the unit can not operate.
18.2 Treatment
18.2.1 Immediately contact heat engineer to recover the power supply, check and monitor primary
meters locally, and switch the automatic into manual governing;
18.2.2 Report to the unit supervisor and keep the unit load stably as much as possible;
18.2.3 Avoid adjusting as much as possible, monitor the operation of equipment according to the
indication of local meters and ammeter of each auxiliary equipment, etc., and make necessary
adjustment locally;
18.2.4 When the system or equipment becomes abnormal, and the unit loses operating and
monitoring means, which affect the safety of main equipment, report to the unit lead and conduct
fault shutdown;
18.2.5 If the heat control power supply can not recover within 30 minutes, make fault shutdown.
18.2.6 If the heat control power supply of turbine and boiler fail at the same time, it shall conduct
fault shutdown.
temperature alarm;
19.3.4 If the shaft seal pressure is high and the steam leak of shaft seal is serious, it shall check
the steam source governing valve of shaft seal and adjust the shaft seal pressure to normal;
19.3.5 When the temperature of journal bearing #1-3 of turbine reaches 112 , the temperature
of journal bearing #4-5 of generator reaches 80 and the temperature of thrust bearing reaches
107, the steam turbine should trip automatically; if bearing return oil reaches 80 , it shall treat
according to emergency shutdown for fault;
19.3.6 Pay attention to adjusting the unit load and vacuum of condenser.
20.3.4 If any bearing oil interrupts, smokes or metal temperature and return oil temperature of
bearing reach the limit, it shall break the vacuum to trip and shut down the unit immediately.
21.3.5 If it is the fault in turning gear that caused shutdown, after shutdown, it shall monitor the
change in rotor bending, when the bending is high, it shall operate the turning gear by 180 and
put the continuous turning into operation after the turning becomes normal in time;
21.3.6 After shutdown, continuous turning time must not be less than 4 hours, only after the
temperature difference between upper and lower cylinder, turning gear current, and rotor
eccentricity meeting the starting conditions, can restart the unit after reporting to the unit
supervisor, closely monitor the rotor vibration and eccentricity etc. parameters in start, if any
abnormality, trip and shut down the unit immediately.
22.3.2 When the unit speed rises up to 3,300r/min, check that the mechanical and
electromagnetic overspeed protection shall operate. Otherwise it shall trip and shut down the unit
manually, verify that the HP & MP main stop valve and all extraction check valve shall be closed,
cut off all possible steam access to turbine and immediately open the vacuum breaker valve for
emergency shutdown;
22.3.3 If the overspeed is caused by HP & MP main stop valve being jammed, it shall
immediately start the overheater or reheater atmospheric exhaust valve, and etc. to reduce the
pressure;
22.3.4 Eliminate the cause of overspeed after the turbine is shut down for overspeed, and it can
be restarted after it is qualified through calibration, it shall intensify overall check of the unit in
restart, if any abnormality, it shall find out and eliminate the cause immediately.
23. Feed water pump set outlet check valve is untight and rotates reversely
23.1 Phenomenon:
23.1.1 Feed water pump reverses;
23.1.2 The pressure of the outlet header pipe decreases and the current of the parallel running
pump increases;
23.1.3 Sound of the reversing pump is abnormal and accompanied by increased vibration;
23.1.4 Water level of deaerator rises;
23.1.5 Water level of steam drum decreases and feed water flow decreases;
23.1.6 The oil inlet temperature of working oil cooler rises.
23.2 Treatment
23.2.1 Once discovering pump reversing, it shall close the outlet motor-operated valve and center
tap motor-operated valve of this pump immediately;
23.2.2 If the reversing feed water pump outlet motor-operated valve and center tap valve loss
power or jammed and cannot be closed, it shall stop the working feed water pump, close the
forced handwheel of HP heater outlet check valve, close the main feed water motor-operated
valve of boiler and feed water bypass motor-operated valve, press MFT to shut down the boiler
and shut down the turbine without vacuum broken;
23.2.3 In any case, the feed water pump can only be stopped after all outlet motor-operated
valves have been closed. Assign person to monitor locally if the pump reverses in the process of
stopping the pump;
23.2.4 When the feed water pump restores standby, it shall open the outlet motor-operated valve
with hand, and verify the outlet check valve have returned prior to electric opening.
- 83 -
52.5
>5
>5
52.0
>30
>30
47.5~51.5
Continuous operation
47
>60
>60
46.5
>10
>10
46
>2
>2
24.3.5 In operation at high frequency, reduce the active output as required, pay attention to the
vibration of unit, if the vibration rises up to the tripping value, it shall conduct emergency
shutdown.
- 84 -
pressure and temperature down rate not exceed the permitted value and fulfill the operations or
checks as specified in section 25.3.2~25.3.4.
25.3.6 In the process of treatment, closely monitor we various differential expansion, axial
displacement, temperature, vibration and sound, etc. of thrust bearing pad.
unit ), when there is no standby one or the standby one cannot be started quickly, in order to keep
the unit keep on operating, once forced closing of the tripped motor is permitted. But the following
cases are not included:
a. In case of fatal accident that requires immediate shutdown.
b. The equipment driven by the motor is broken.
c. The motor with protection operating to trip (for feed water pump & water circulating pump)
26.3.3 Treatment of motor tripping
a. Start the standby power.
b. If there is no standby power, it shall assign person to check, if no problem, restart it, if it
trips again, then prohibit starting and advise the maintaining personnel to treat.
26.3.4 Treatment of motor starting with sound but without rotating or abnormal rotating speed
a. Cut off the power supply of motor immediately and check it according to the cases above;
if the fuse has blown, replace with a new one, if the voltage is too low, there is the means to
adjust the voltage.
b. Advise the maintenance personnel to treat.
26.3.5 Treatment of motor rotor with current oscillating periodically in operation
a. Start the standby motor unit and stop the equipment with fault
b. It shall intensify monitoring of the equipment with fault if there is no standby one, and it
shall stop the unit with fault and report to the maintenance personnel if the check and
treatment fail and oscillating amplitude of ammeter increases.
26.3.6 Treatment of motor with smoking & fire and burnt odor
a. Switch off the power supply of the motor at once.
b. Extinguish the fire with the forceful dry powder extinguisher, 1211 extinguisher, CO 2
extinguisher or the mist-sprinkling extinguisher. It is strictly prohibited to use high flow water,
sand and foam extinguisher to extinguish the fire.
c. After fire extinction, cut off the power supply of the faulted motor with and isolate it for
safety purpose, and advise the maintenance personnel to treat.
26.3.7 Treatment of motor with much vibration
a. Start the standby equipment and stop the operation of the equipment with vibration.
b. If there is no standby equipment, it shall lower the load of motor to see if the vibration can
decrease or disappear.
c. If the vibration continues, it shall cut off the power supply for treatment.
26.3.8 If the motor temperature in operation rises abnormally to exceed the permitted value, it
shall make the following checks:
a. If the voltage is lower than the specified value and the current is higher than the rated
value.
b. If the cooling system and fan operate normally.
c. If the three-phase current (voltage) is in balance.
- 87 -
- 88 -
- 89 -
Max
Max p
Max
Max
Permitted
Permitted
Permitted
Permitted
Permitted
Permitted
Permitte
Permitted
temp.
temp. rise
temp.
temp. rise
temp.
temp. rise
d temp.
temp. rise
95
55
105
65
110
70
125
85
100
60
115
75
140
80
140
100
100
60
110
70
140
80
130
90
80
40
80
40
80
40
80
40
100
60
100
60
100
60
100
60
Stator and
rotor
winding
Stator core
Sliding
ring
Sliding
bearing
Rolling
bearing
The temperature of bearing in normal operation shall be stable, generally the sliding bearing
temperature shall not exceed 65 and the rolling bearing temperature shall not exceed 80 .
The enclosure temperature of the motor with grade A insulation must not exceed 75;
The enclosure temperature of the motor with grade E insulation must not exceed 80 ;
The enclosure temperature of the motor with grade b insulation must not exceed 85 ;
If excess, it shall lower the output or take measures to lower the temperature.
1.3.2 Vibration shall accord with specification:
Rated rotating speed (r/min)
750
1000
1500
above 1500
0.12
0.1
0.085
0.05
it is subordinate.
- 92 -
Model
Water
pump
specification
SX400-650
Flow
m /h
2,066
Head
50
Speed
r/min
980
Manufactory
Model
Motor specification
YKK450-6
Power
KW
400
Voltage
6,600
Current
47.4
Speed
r/min
990
Manufactory
- 93 -
- 94 -
3.3.3 Close inlet valve and outlet valve of oil purification device;
3.3.4 Turn the power switch to OFF position.
3.4.8 Low water level control and alarm: After opening water discharge valve, water level will
decrease promptly, as decreasing to the set water level, water discharge valve will close, water
level will no longer decrease thereupon. In case water level keeps on decreasing to the set ultra
low level, equipment will shut down, meanwhile low level alarm lamp (LP07) will flash.
3.4.9 Alarm of water discharge time being over long: if water level is lower than the high water
level as a result of water discharge valve opening, and if the discharge time is over long that
exceeds 5min, the water discharge valve can not close, equipment will shut down, and
meanwhile alarm lamps of low water level and high water level will flash synchronously.
- 98 -
metallic friction sound inside steam turbine. And stop one jacking oil pump.
4.2.10 Measure the eccentricity of shaft that shall be < 0.076mm and less than the original value
by 0.03mm.
prevent fullness of oil cooler water side from being little, and deposit corrosion from accelerating.
4.5.11 Remarks
4.5.11.1 When unit starts and stop, the main oil pump operating at above 2,700r/min ( 90% rated
Rev) can meet all the oil demand of speed governing and lubrication;
4.5.11.2 The capacity of single oil cooler is 100%, and only one set is enough in normal
operation;
4.5.11.3 The brand of lubricating oil is 32# steam turbine oil with cleanness up to grade NAS7.
- 102 -
and outlet pressure which indication shall be normal, monitor the inner noise and
vibration of the pump set and check if the bearing temperature is < 70;
5.1.5 Pay attention to that the operating time when the pumps outlet valve is not opened or the
pump fails in draining water to the system must not exceed 60s;
5.1.6 If one circulating water pump accords with the standby condition, put it on AUTO position
and put the outlet disc valve into AUTO;
5.1.7 After the cooling water flowing into the condenser becoming normal, check if the generator
air cooler, outlet and bypass valves are all opened, open slowly the strainer inlet valve of
circulating water to generator air cooler to fill the generator air cooler with water;
- 103 -
5.1.8 Open slowly the strainer inlet valve of circulating water to the generator air cooler manually,
fill the cooling water pipeline of turbine oil cooler slowly with water, and thereafter put it into
operation.
5.4.1.4 Close slowly the air valve of condenser on stopped side and circulating water inlet motoroperated disc valve, pay attention to that the back pressure of condenser shall not be lower than
16.9Kpa, start another vacuum pump if necessary to intensify monitoring of the vibration,
differential expansion and axial displacement;
5.4.1.5 Close the circulating water inlet and outlet motor-operateddisc valve of condenser on the
stopped side, open the circulating water discharge valve on the stopped side, pay attention to the
change in vacuum. If there is serious leakage in the condensers pipe, here pay attention to
vacuum decreasing, it shall close the circulating water discharge valve immediately, report to the
unit supervisor to restore the original running mode immediately and make decisions after
reporting;
5.4.1.6 After circulating water on the stopped side drain away, the vacuum shall keep within the
permitted range, power off the motor-operated inlet disc valve of condenser on the stopped side,
motor-operated outlet disc valve and rubber ball pump motor, then it may permit the maintenance
personnel to open the manhole to work;
5.4.1.7 In the whole process of cleaning and leak stoppage, it shall monitor strictly the change in
the condenser vacuum and exhaust temperature, if any abnormality and vacuum decreases
sharply, stop working immediately and load on as per vacuum.
- 105 -
5.7.2.1 Once circulating water interruption is ascertained, unit load shall be decreased to zero
immediately, inlet & outlet disc valves of steam condenser or outlet valve of circulating water
pump shall be checked for mis-close, if any, it shall be opened at once. The auxiliary water pump
shall be started for recovering water supply as soon as possible, if fails, shutdown shall be
performed promptly;
5.7.2.2 After shutdown for fault, if water supply for steam condenser can not be recovered
temporarily, condensate pump recirculation valve shall be opened in time.
5.7.2.3 In case of circulating water interruption, the interconnection valve between industrial water
and circulating water shall be opened in time, and attention shall be paid to the metal temperature
of all the auxiliary equipment, outlet temperature of oil cooler and air cooler that must not exceed
the specified value;
5.7.2.4 In case of circulating water interruption, pay attention to if the steam condenser rupture
disk operates, if any, perform shutdown immediately.
- 108 -
6.2.2.1 Open the motor-operated valve of overflow valve and auxiliary steam inlet governing
valve;
6.2.2.2 Regulate the pressure of seal steam supply header to that of governing valve setting
point;
6.2.2.3 Start a shaft seal heater blower, and the other for standby, regulate the water level of shaft
seal heater;
6.2.2.4 Close drain valves of steam seal return steam pipes of HP & MP cylinder, and close the
drain pipe of steam seal return steam header.
6.2.2.5 Regulate pressure of steam seal header to 0.02~0.03MPa, LP steam seal temperature to
121C~176C, and difference between rotor metal temperature of high & MP steam turbine shaft
seal and steam pressure of shaft seal to 111C;
6.2.2.6 Check if the continuous drain operation of steam seal header between steam
attemperating section and LP steam seal is normal.
6.2.2.7 Close drain valve on steam seal piping after steam supply of steam seal being normal;
6.2.2.8 Precaution:
In cold start-up, it shall pump vacuum first, and then supply steam to steam seal;
In warm-hot start-up, it shall supply steam to steam seal first, and then pump vacuum.
- 111 -
- 112 -
interlocking switch of auxiliary condensate pump first. Start the standby pump first in switching
condensate pumps.
7.3.2 Adjust the condensate recirculation valve to maintain the pressure of condensate water
within the normal range.
7.3.3 Close the outlet motor-operated valve of condensate pump, pay attention to the variation of
condensate header pressure and the water level of steam condenser and deaerator.
7.3.4 Shut down the condensate pump.
7.3.5 When the condensate pump acts as standby after shutdown, put it on the auto position
and open the outlet motor-operated valve.
Check the motor-operated outlet valve and pay attention to the pressure change of the
condensed water main pump and water level of the Condenser and deaerator;
- 113 -
- 114 -
7.5.2.4 When the pump shuts down for servicing, close all cooling system valves, sealing water
valves, air extraction valves and the pump outlet & inlet valves.
- 115 -
- 116 -
- 117 -
shall be opened;
d. When the water level of LP Heater is III, the protection operates, it shall close the extraction
check valve and steam inlet valve of LP Heater, parallel off and isolate the LP Heater;
e. When discovering the copper pipeline leaks, it shall be isolate and service it in time.
8.2.2.4 The oil level of the oil tank is on the upper-limit the oil quality is qualified, when the
auxiliary oil pump operating, the oil tank temperature of hydraulic coupling is 15C, oil pressure
within 0.17~025Mpa or so and 018Mpa minimally;
8.2.2.5 Drain out the gas in the oil and water pipeline of cooler and feed oil to circulate. When the
filters differential pressure is > 0.06Mpa, switch it to the cleaning side. The lubricating oil shall
keep on circulating until the strainer of filter is clean;
8.2.2.6 Check if the water level of the deaerator is normal, the temperature is > 50C, the feed
water pump has a temperature difference between its upper and bottom pump body is lower than
20C;
8.2.2.7 The sealing water system works normally and loop is smooth; Check if the pressure after
the sealing water governing valve is the ring is 0.05~0.1Mpa higher than the unloading water
pressure;
8.2.2.8 Check if all transmission contacts of hydraulic coupling speed governing mechanism are
firm transmitting reliably, and the handle is flexible, after it is normal through hand operation, set
the scoop tube at 0 position;
8.2.2.9 Power on the feed water pump motor after it is qualified through insulation test and it is
permitted to close the switch;
8.2.2.10 Close the water discharge valve of the feed water pump body;
8.2.2.11 Check if the recirculation valve is opened wide and set it on AUTO position.
8.2.3 Check and preparation prior to HP heater operation:
8.2.3.1 Ensure the check work is finished, the work site is clean the equipment pipeline heat
preservation is good, meters are all complete, report to the heat engineer to power on the meters
and protections;
8.2.3.2 Measure the motor insulation of all motor-operated valves that shall be good, qualified
and powered on;
8.2.3.3 Check if the system valves are on correct position;
8.2.3.4 Put the HP heater protective water source into operation and the pressure is normal;
8.2.3.5 Companying with the heat engineer to conduct relevant test and interlock tests to HP
heater that is good: extraction check valve 1 & 2 are normal through test, HP heater water level
protection is normal through test, and the HP steam inlet motor-operated valve and emergency
drain motor-operated valve are normal through opening/closing and interlock test;
8.2.3.6 Check and test that the HP heater drain auto-control valves opening and closing are
flexible, direction is correct, and automatic control is normal.
8.2.3.7 Check if the HP heater four-way valve is on the bypass position.
- 120 -
8.3.14.2 When the auxiliary oil pump is operating, the lubricating oil pressure is >0.17Mpa;
8.3.14.3 Open the booster pump inlet valve, feed water pump outlet valve and the recirculation
valve;
8.3.14.4 The temperature difference between the pump body and feed water pump inlet is <
20C;
8.3.14.5 The differential pressure of the sealing water of feed water pump is > 0.1Mpa;
8.3.14.6 The interlocking switch of feed water pump in on AUTO position, and the scoop tubes
opening is on 60% position.
to that the feed water temperature decreasing rate must not be more than 1.83/min;
8.6.3 When the differential pressure between the steam side of HP heater and deaerator is less
than 0.3MPa, switch the drain to the condenser, close the 2 HP heater drain and lead it to the
hand-operated valve of deaerator; close the continuous exhaust valve of HP heater;
8.6.4 Close the air inlet motor-operated valve of HP heater 1, close the extraction 1 check valve
fully, close the air inlet motor-operated valve of HP heater #2 and the extraction 2 check valve.
When closing the all, verify the inlet valve is closed tightly, then stop the water side of HP heater,
close the inlet & outlet four-way valve of HP heater with the feed water running along the bypass.
Check if the feed water pressure is normal;
8.6.5 Open the pipe of steam extraction 1 and 2 to drain water appropriately;
8.6.6 When there is a short time maintenance work on HP heater steam side, it is permitted to
operate with only the steam side stopped, but it shall verify there is no leak in the HP heater, and
open the water discharge valve on the steam side to discharge water until the steam side
pressure decreases to 0 prior to operation. It is forbidden strictly for HP heater to operate with
only steam side.
Auto position;
8.8.5 Start the auxiliary oil pump;
8.8.6 Reduce the rotating speed to minimal, set the scoop tube at zero point, and click the button
Stop of feed water pump to stop the feed water pump. Record the idle time;
8.8.7 Adjust the sealing water pressure to normal in time;
8.8.8 When the lubricating oil inlet temperature the decreases to 40 , turn down the cooling
water value of lubricating oil cooler. When oil temperature of the service oil cooler is 50 , turn
down the cooling water valve of the service oil cooler;
8.8.9 If it is to put the feed water pump into standby, open its outlet valve and check the check
valve that shall be closed tight and feed water pump is on Auto position;
8.8.10 If the feed water pump requires a maintenance, it shall ensure the auxiliary oil pimp to
operate for half 30min after pump stop and supply oil to cool the feed water pump.
8.10 Check and maintenance of the feed water & deaerating system
8.10.1 Check and maintenance of deaerator
a. It shall monitor the changes in pressure, temperature and water level from time to time when
the deaerator is normal operation. If any abnormality, adjust it/them back to the normal range;
b. When the condensate pump stopped because of fault, it shall start the standby condensate
pump instantly. If the inlet water of deaerator interrupts, it shall close the air inlet valve
immediately in order to prevent the deaerator from overtemperature;
c. It shall open the deaerating valve wider if there is not qualified oxygen content in the water of
- 125 -
deaerator. It may open the heating & steam inlet at the bottom if necessary to adjust the oxygen
content to qualified;
d. Check the indication of the pressure gauge, thermometer and water level gauge of deaerator
on schedule, if any abnormality, it shall report for treatment in time;
e. If the water level decreases because of improper adjustment of water level or the condensate
pumps insufficient output, it shall take some measures to make up water timely. But pay attention
to that: Dont hurry, it may affect the pressure of deaerator and cause vibration. It may lower the
unit load if necessary;
f. If the water level still keeps on decreasing measures, it report to the unit supervisor. If
emergency water level occurs to affect normal operation of feed water pump and cause fault
hereof, it shall lower the load to shut down the unit;
g. Check the running condition of the safety valve of deaerator in operation regularly, when
deaerator is overpressed, pop the safety valve in order to ensure normal operation of deaerator.
8.10.2 Check & maintenance of feed water pump
a. Check if the feed water pump set has any friction and leak, vibration is normal and no
abnormal sound.
b. The oil level of oil tank and bearing is normal and the auxiliary oil pump is in good and standby
state;
c. All the protections have been put into operation, the automatic equipment works normally;
d. The sealing and cooling water system operate normally and the return water is unimpeded; the
sealing water governing valve can adjust automatically to make the pressure after valve have
always been 0.05~0.1MPa higher than the pressure before the booster pump inlet valve. At the
same time, maintain the return water temperature of sealing water within 70-80 ;
e. The coupling works soundly, and the speed governing mechanism is not jammed.
8.10.3 Check and maintenance of HP heater
a. HP heater water level is normal, and operation of automatic drain governing device is normal;
b. No water hammer and vibration;
c. Inlet and outlet temperature of water side is normal;
d. Temperature and pressure of steam side are normal;
e. No leak in the system through check;
8.11 Abnormal operation & treatment of the feed water & deaerating system
8.11.1 Abnormal operation & treatment of HP heater
8.11.1.1 Conditions of emergency stop of HP heater
a. Pipes and valves, etc. on the steam side burst, which endangered the personal and equipment
- 126 -
safety;
b. Water lever of HP heater rises, treatment takes no effect and water level gauge is on the
utmost;
c. When water level gauge burst and can not keep on working;
d. The HP heater proper leaks seriously and cannot keep on working.
8.11.1.2 Treatment of t HP heater overfeed with water
Phenomenon:
a. Alarm for high water level of HP heater;
b. Protection may operate;
c. The HP heater outlet water temperature is low, and the heater vibrates.
Treatment:
a. When HP heater water level is high, check if the HP heater drain system operates normally,
when the drain governing valve is jammed, it shall open the emergency drain valve to lower the
water level, and contact with the maintenance personnel for treatment;
b. The running HP heater leaks and the water level rises to 850mm/1,125mm (HP heater 1/ HP
heater2) sharply, the water level high value I alarm is raised;
c. If the HP heater water level rises to 1,000mm /1,275mm (HP heater 1/ HP heater 2), the
water level high value II alarm is raised to open emergency drain valve automatically;
d. If the Hp water level keeps on rising up to 1,200mm/1,475mm (HP heater 1/ HP heater2),
the water level high value III alarm is raised, HP heater protection operates to close the feed
water inlet & outlet four-way valve of HP heater, as well as the extraction motor-operated valve
and check valve, open the water discharge valves on the steam side and water side and the air
release valve;
e. If the automatic paralleling off system of HP heater protection malfunctions and refuses to
operate, it shall parallel off the HP heater by hand immediately, if still no effect, it shall operate all
valves by hand locally immediately to parallel off HP heater;
f. When the HP protection operates to parallel off automatically, it shall pay attention to adjusting
the boiler combustion to prevent the initial steam from overtemperature or unit from overload.
e. Record the idle time and vibration value of the faulted pump;
f. Complete other operations of pump stop, and take necessary safety measures as the fault may
be;
g. Report to the unit supervisor if there is no standby pump to shut down the unit for emergency.
8.11.3.4 Tripping off of feed water pump
Phenomenon:
a. The service pumps current reaches 0, the pump stops, emergency alarm is raised and feed
water pressure swings or decreases;
b. The standby pump interlock starts.
Cause:
a. Fault in the 6.6 KV busbar;
b. Protections of feed water pump and motor operate or are operated by mistake;
c. Misoperation made by man;
d. The emergency button is pressed by mistake.
Treatment:
a. Check and close the outlet motor-operated valve and center tap valve of the tripped-off pump,
check the auxiliary oil pump of the tripped-off pump that shall interlock to stop automatically;
b. If the standby pump doesnt start, start it immediately, if no standby pump, or the standby pump
cannot be started by hand, it may recluse the tripped-off pump once more (when it doesnt
reverse);
c. Adjust the interlocked pumps rotating speed, put the feed water automation into operation, and
check if every part operating normally;
d. Check the recirculation valve of the tripped-off pump that shall be opened, and the recirculation
valve of interlocked pump shall be closed, otherwise operate by hand;
e. If no standby pump is available in the system, and the faulted pump can not start either, report
to the unit supervisor as soon as possible to conduct fault shutdown.
8.11.3.5 Vaporization in feed water pump
Phenomenon:
a. Abnormal noise occurs to the feed water pumps inlet pipe or the inner of pump body;
b. Current and pressure of the inlet and outlet swing greatly;
c. Feed water pressure decreases.
Cause:
a. Deaerator pressure and water level decrease suddenly;
b. The inlet strainer is blocked;
c. When the flow decreases to the opening value of the automatic recirculation valve, but it fails in
- 130 -
operating, for which the operation and treatment are not timely;
d. The inlet valve of booster pump is closed by mistake in operation.
Treatment:
a. Treat as per the requirements of emergency stop of pump;
b. Find out the causes for vaporization in feed water pump, and eliminate the abnormity;
c. If the vaporization is caused by inlet strainers of booster pump and feed water pump being
blocked, it shall start the standby pump immediately;
d. Only when the inlet pressure and deaerator pressure and water level become normal can it
restart the pump or put the standby into operation.
8.11.3.6 Feed water pressure decrease
Cause:
a. Fault in the hydraulic coupling or the scoop tube is jammed;
b. Water quantity used by the boiler increases greatly suddenly;
c. Water pipe breaks or HP heater leaks seriously;
d. The outlet check valve of standby pump is not closed tightly and the pump reverses;
e. The system valve is operated by mistake;
f. The service feed water pump is vaporized;
g. When the feed water flow is 280t/h, the recirculation valve of service feed water pump is not
closed.
Treatment:
The fead water flow exceeds 200t\h.The recirculation valve of the working feed water pump
hasnt been closed.
a. If the feed water pressure decreases, it shall ascertain the cause quickly and report to the unit
supervisor at the same time;
b. If the feed water pump gets fault, start the standby pump quickly;
c. If the standby pump reverses, close the outlet motor-operated valve;
d. Stabilize the water quantity used by the boiler if the cause is sudden increase of water quantity,
adjust the speed of feed water pump and start the standby pump if necessary;
e. If the standby pump has interlocked, it shall adjust the rotating speed timely to prevent the feed
water from overpressure, after everything is normal, stop one feed water pump;
f. If the recirculation valve of feed water pump operates abnormally, contact the maintenance
personnel to treat.
8.11.3.7 Hydraulic coupling scoop tube being jammed
Phenomenon:
a. Adjustment to the scoop tube takes no effect;
- 131 -
b. The feed water pump operates at a certain speed, which cant satisfy the requirement of the
boiler or the rotating speed decreases.
Treatment:
a. Move the scoop tube locally to make it return to normal;
b. If moving the scoop tube locally is useless, it shall stop the faulted pump and start the standby
pump in time;
c. Contact the maintenance personnel, it must not restart or put the standby into operation until
eliminating the defect.
Then DEH will rise or decrease pulse according to the command received from electric aspect,
turbine set value will change thereupon. Each pulse can rise or decrease the turbine set value by
1r/min, and with internal PID regulator, DEH can control turbine rotating speed to change
thereupon, thus makes turbine rotating speed be synchronous with network.
After synchronization, DEH will let turbine load on 5% initial load automatically. In the meanwhile,
AS mode will disengage automatically and transfer back to OA mode.
9.5.3 Put-in and trip of power loop (MW IN, MW OUT)
In on load operation, operator can select to put power loop feedback into operation: operator can
click the button Feedback state on lower left of main control panel to pop up the sub picture,
then click button power loop, afterwards click put-in button within 3S, then control will enter the
power loop put-in mode, meanwhile the main panel displays device has entered to Power loop
IN mode,
After power loop feedback put-in, load signal will enter controller as feedback signal to control
load to be identical with set value (undisturbed switch). Prior to power feedback put-in, DEH is in
open-loop control, and there is certain difference between load set value and load, which is
decided by the current main steam pressure, if main steam pressure is the rated value, load set
value will be close to the load value.
Generally, operator shall select the power loop clearing mode in order to ensure the initial steam
pressure stable and boiler combustion adjustment stable. That is because after power feedback
put-in, when main steam pressure fluctuates, valve opening will vary thereupon to guarantee
developed power being identical with the load set value, and that vibration will accelerate
vibration of boiler outlet pressure, but in order to guarantee load steady, power loop put-in is
necessary.
9.5. 4 Remote control mode (ADS)
In on load OA operation, and the set value is close to the remote control set value, operator
can select to enter remote control mode: operator shall send out DEH remote control request,
then press the button Control mode on top left of main control panel to pop up the sub picture,
click button Remote control, afterwards click button Put-in within 3S, and then control will enter
the ADS mode, meanwhile the main panel displays device has entered to ADS mode. At that
time, load set value is under the control of CCS (Coordination control) system.
Attention: as entering OA mode, ADS mode will disengage automatically.
9.5.5 Initial steam pressure limit (TPL)
In on load OA operation, and initial steam pressure is higher than 90% rated pressure, operator
can select the TPL (initial steam pressure limit) mode: operator can pressure the Limit value on
lower left of main control panel to pop up the sub picture, then click button Initial steam pressure
- 134 -
limit, afterwards click button Put-in within 3S, and then control will enter to TPL mode,
meanwhile the main panel will display the main steam pressure limit is IN
In the case of TPL mode, as initial steam pressure being lower than 90% rated pressure, load set
value will decrease at a fixed rate. Shut down the control valve hydraulic servomotor can
compensate the decrease of main steam, thus avoid initial steam pressure decrease being to
large.
TPL mode also can be cleared on limit at sub picture: click the button initial steam pressure
restriction, afterwards click button Clear within 3S, and then control will disengage from TPL
mode.
9.5.6 Remote control initial steam pressure limit (RTPL)
In OA operation, and the initial steam pressure is larger than 90% rated pressure, operator can
select the RTPL (Remote control initial steam pressure limit) mode: operator shall press the limit
value on lower left of the main control panel to pop up the sub picture, then click button Remote
control initial steam pressure limit, afterwards click button Put-in within 3S, and then control will
enter the RTPL mode, meanwhile, the main panel will display the Remote control initial steam
pressure limit being IN
In RTPL mode, and the initial steam pressure is lower than 90% rated pressure, load set value
will decrease at a fixed rate. Shut down the control valve hydraulic servomotor can compensate
the decrease of initial steam, thus avoid initial steam pressure decrease being to large.
RTPL mode also can be cleared on limit sub picture: click button Initial steam pressure
restriction, afterwards click Clear button within 3S, and then control will disengage from TPL
mode.
9.5.7 Load limit (HLL) mode
In on-load OA operation, operator also can select high load limit mode: operator can press the
button limit value on lower left of main control panel to pop up the sub picture, then input the
load set value in high load limit mode area, afterwards click button High load limit, and click
button Put-in within 3S, control will enter the high load limit mode thereupon, meanwhile the
main panel will display IN. In case of high load limit mode, set value will not exceed the load
limit value.
High load limit mode also can be tripped on limit value sub picture: click button High load limit,
and then click button Clear, control will disengage from the high load limit mode thereupon.
9.5.8 Valve position limit mode (VPL)
In OA operation, operator also can select the valve position limit mode: operator can click the
button limit value on lower left of main control panel to pop up the sub picture, click valve
position limit, then input valve position limit value in valve position limit mode area, afterwards
- 135 -
click button GO, here valve limit value will enter the DEH control logic. In case of valve position
limit mode, valve command will not exceed the valve position limit value.
9.5.9 Single valve/ sequence valve (SIG/SEQ) mode
In case of OA operation, operator also can select SIGLE (single valve) or SEQ (sequence valve)
operation mode: click the button valve mode on milled lower part of main control panel to pop
up he side picture, click single valve (or sequence valve) and the two switching buttons (press
switching button within 3S after clicking single valve button, and it will be effective if the two
buttons being red synchronously.
In SIGLE mode, command of all the control valves is the same and all the control valves take part
in control synchronously; in SEQ mode, four control valves will operate one after another
according to a certain sequence. The switching time between two modes is about 3S so as to
guarantee no disturbance of load in the whole switching process.
9.5.10 OPC mode (OPC MODE)
Moreover, there is OPC (overspeed protection control) function set in DEH, in case load of steam
turbine is over 30%, and main oil switch of motor trips, at that time, with the function of solenoid
valve, all the hydraulic servomotors of control valve will control oil pressure to unload, thereby
closing all hydraulic servomotors of governing steams. With the quick close of hydraulic
servomotor, rotating speed acceleration will be restrained, and if steam turbine rotating speed is
lower than 103% rated speed, and it is already 7.5S after OPC operation, then solenoid valve will
lose excitation and hydraulic servomotor will start to maintain normal operation for waiting for
synchronization. If steam turbine rotating speed still is larger than 103% after 7.5S, the valve will
not open until steam turbine speed is lower than 103%.
9.5.11 Manual (TM) mode
It also can enter the manual control mode in steam turbine operation. Pay attention that in
manual operation, operator can change the set value (GVSPT/TVSPT) of control valve and main
steam valve directly without the participation of DEH, and this is belonging to open loop
operation, which is inappropriate to be used except rotating speed path fault, etc. special
situation. The method for entering manual (TM) is as follows: press the manual button on manual
control panel, if red lamp lights, that indicates device being in manual operation state, here
operator can click the control mode button on top left of main panel to pop up the sub picture, and
the manual state bar will display IN, meanwhile main panel will display device being in TM
mode.
In manual operation, operator can realize the control of steam turbine by controlling control valve
set value directly with operating the GVUP GVDN buttons on manual operation panel, thereby
change rotating speed and actual load.
- 136 -
In TM mode, OPC function remains, once OPC operate, it still will close all steam governing
valves.
10.2.5 During bypass put-in, put HP bypass in first, then the HP bypass, regulate pressure after
governing valve and steam temperature to meet the requirement of start-up till outlet parameter
being steady and normal;
10.2.6 In unit shutdown, the temperature and pressure releasing valve, pressure reducing valve
and water spray control valve need to be open step by step according to operation parameter,
after unit shutdown, the above shall be closed in time.
10.2.7 Bypass device operating time is less than 8S at constant speed;
10.2.8 The max designed through flow of bypass system is 70%B MCR
Notes: six hydrodynamically-operated valves (including HP bypass pressure release valve, HP
bypass attemperating water isolating valve, HP attemperating water governing valve, LP pressure
release valve, LP bypass attemperating water isolating valve and LP attemperating water
governing valve), shall open automatically in case of unit fault (all are on the interlocking
position).
10.3 Shutdown of 70% bypass system
10.3.1 After unit loads on, bypass system shall be tripped according to the regulating requirement
of boiler parameter.
10.3.2 In bypass trip, HP bypass shall be tripped first, and then the LP bypass, the attemperating
water valve shall be closed first and then the pressure relief valve.
- 138 -
12.1.9 Verify the air compressor and service air system are put into operation and operating
normally.
12.1.10 The manhole on the steam side of condenser steam side is opened. Check if the drain
valve before HP exhaust check valve is opened.
12.1.11 Only when the cylinder temperature decreases to below 350, it can put the quick
cooling equipment into operation.
12.2 Monitoring of parameters in quick cooling process:
In order to ensure the mental temperature inside the turbine can decrease evenly in the process
of quick-cooling after turbine shutdown so as to prevent overstress due to excessive cooling,
rotor from bending and cylinder and welded junction from deforming, it must strictly monitor the
changes in each point temperature, temperature difference between cylinder inner and outer wall,
temperature difference between upper and lower cylinder, absolute expansion, differential
expansion, axial deflection, rotor eccentricity, turning gear current, compressed air temperature
and flow and electric heater current in the process of putting the quick cooling equipment of
turbine into operation. The monitor control index of main parameters includes:
12.2.1 First stage metal temperature decreasing rate of HP cylinder is<5/h.
12.2.2 Carrier temperature decreasing rate of MP cylinder is<5/h.
12.2.3 Temperature difference between upper and lower cylinder of HP & MP cylinder is <42.
12.2.4 Indication of HP cylinder differential expansion is -2~+7.0 mm.
12.2.5 Indication of LP cylinder differential expansion is +6.5mm.
12.2.6 Rotor eccentricity is <0.076mm.
12.2.7 Turning gear current is normal.
12.2.8 Lubricating oil pressure is 0.12Mpa.
12.2.9 Cylinder expansion and contraction are smooth without sudden change
12.2.10 Control the compressed air flow within 25~80t/h.
12.2.11 After putt the quick cooling equipment of turbine into operation, , try to adopt no
temperature difference and little flow mode as much as possible in the early stage of air supply,
then slowly reduce the air temperature to keep the little temperature differences and increase the
flow to observe the change in the cylinders temperature. Strictly control the cylinders air inlet
temperature and ventilation quantity. In principle, keep stable for 30min every time of adjustment,
if there is no change or great change, make readjustment. The outlet temperature of air heater
shall decrease steadily without sudden change. When the air duct wall temperature of HP & MP
cylinder is about 100 and the first stage metal temperature of HP cylinder decreases by less
than 200 , it may increase the ventilation quantity. When the first stage metal temperature of
HP cylinder and No.1 stator carrier temperature of MP cylinder reach below 140 and do not
- 141 -
rise again obviously, it may end the forced ventilation. Close the air inlet valve and keep on
turning for 30min to see if the temperature of all points rises again, if not, it may stop turning to
start servicing.
12.3 Put-in of quick cooling equipment of turbine:
12.3.1 Put the LP cylinder spray of main machine into operation normally.
12.3.2 Slightly open the blowdown valve of oil-water separator and the drain valve of the gas
collection tank.
12.3.3 Open the total valve of compressed air.
12.3.4 Put the heater into operation.
12.3.5 Open wide the primary valve and adjust the air inlet flow of secondary valve as putting the
quick cooling equipment into operation. Slowly open the hand-operated air inlet valve of
compressed air to HP & LP drain pipe.
12.3.6 Open gradually the air inlet valve wider and set the outlet temperature of air heater
according to the decreasing of cylinders temperature, and control the temperature decreasing
rate not exceed 5/h.
12.3.7 Check if the exhaust temperature that shall not exceed 80.
12.3.8 In the process of put-in, check if the temperature difference between upper and lower
cylinder that shall not be more than 41.
12.3. In the process of put-in, pay attention to the change in cylinder expansion, differential
expansion and deflection.
12.3.10 Pay attention to the turning gear operating that is normal.
12.3.11 Keep various records.
12.3.12 If any abnormality, it shall stop air inlet of cylinder and report to the shift engineer.
12.4 Precautions in quick cooling operation:
12.4.1 Prior to forced cooling, purge the forced cooling system first up to standard and drain out
the water depositing in the system pipe.
12.4.2 In the case where turning gear of turbine is not put into operation, it is absolutely
prohibited to put the quick cooling equipment into operation; if so, stop the quick cooling system
immediately after the turning gear tripping.
12.4.3 Put the electric heater into adjusting the outlet steam temperature to warm up the system
pipe.
12.4.4 In the process of cooling, control the air inlet flow and outlet steam temperature strictly in
accordance with the specified decreasing rate, intensify monitoring, make adjustment from time
to time, control various parameters within permitted range and ensure safety of the unit.
12.4.5 In the process of forced cooling, it shall monitor and ensure normal operation of lubricating
- 142 -
oil system, jacking oil system, turning gear, LP cylinder spray system and circulating water
system, if any system above stops, it shall stop forced cooling of turbine until the system
recovers.
12.4.6 In the process of forced cooling, intensify the monitoring of the operation of service
compressed air system at the same time.
12.4.7 In the process of cooling, if the decreasing rate difference between HP & MP cylinder
temperature is high, it may adjust and control with each branch valve.
12.4.8 It must not interrupt the compressed air as putting the quick cooling equipment into
operation so as to avoid dry heating of heater.
12.4.9 When the quick cooling equipment heater is in operation, pay attention to the operation of
heater, if air compressor stops or compressed air interrupts, it shall stop inlet of compressed air
and stop the quick cooling equipment.
12.4.10 When the quick cooling equipment is in operation, keep record of the turning gear
current, exhaust cylinder temperature, governing stage metal temperature of turbine, MP carrier
temperature, cylinder expansion, differential expansion, deflection and cylinder temperature, etc.
proper parameters once every half a hour.
12.4.11 In the process of quick cooling, it shall drain the water of steam-water separator, steam
bleeding box and gas container of air compressor and clean the filter periodically to prevent oil
and water dirty from entering the cylinder. Only in condition that the compressed air and flow are
normal, can the heater be put in to operation and can air be supplied to the turbine after the air
heater temperature becoming in accordance with the index. If discovering the air heater fails to
control temperature, it shall close the air source to prevent cold water supplied to turbine.
Precautions and parameter requirements:
a. When the governing stage mental temperature is 350-300, the temperature decreasing rate
shall be less than 3/h and the temperature difference between hot air and mental shall be less
than 40.
b. When the governing stage mental temperature is 300-250, the temperature decreasing rate
shall be less than 4/h and the temperature difference between hot air and mental shall be less
than 60.
c. When the governing stage mental temperature is 250-200, the temperature decreasing rate
shall be less than 5/h and the temperature difference between hot air and mental shall be less
than 90.
d. When the governing stage mental temperature is 200-150, the temperature decreasing rate
shall be less than 5/h and the temperature difference between hot air and mental shall be less
- 143 -
than 130.
12.4.12 When air temperature exceeds the deviation or the electric heater loses power, it shall
raise the alarm and interlock close the inlet valve to prevent cold air from entering and cooling the
cylinder excessively, meanwhile cut off the power supply of heater to prevent the heater from dry
heating.
12.5 Stop of quick cooling system
After finishing quick cooling, adjust the potentiometer to 0 point manually, stop the heater, open
the power supply switch and continue to ventilate for 5~10 minutes, then close all valves. Slightly
open of the blowdown valve to prevent air leak of air inlet valve from resulting in water entering
the equipment.
- 144 -
Appendix Part
- 145 -
Appendix 1: Comparison Table of the Pressure [P] & Temperature [th] of Saturated Water & Steam
th
th
th
th
th
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
0.0015
13.036
0.07
89.595
0.31
134.66
1.4
195.04
4.6
258.75
0.002
17.513
0.08
93.512
0.32
135.75
1.5
198.29
4.8
261.37
0.0025
21.096
0.09
96.713
0.33
136.82
1.6
201.37
5.0
263.91
0.003
24.1
0.1
99.683
0.34
137.87
1.7
204.31
5.5
269.93
0.0035
26.694
0.11
102.32
0.35
138.87
1.8
207.11
6.0
275.55
0.004
28.963
0.12
104.8
0.36
139.86
1.9
209.80
6.5
280.82
0.0045
31.035
0.13
107.13
0.37
140.78
2.0
212.37
7.0
285.79
0.005
32.898
0.14
109.32
0.38
141.71
2.1
214.85
7.5
290.50
0.006
36.183
0.15
111.37
0.39
142.62
2.2
217.24
8.0
294.97
0.007
39.025
0.16
113.32
0.40
143.62
2.3
219.55
8.5
299.23
0.008
41.534
0.17
115.17
0.41
144.52
2.4
221.78
9.0
303.21
0.009
43.787
0.18
116.93
0.42
145.39
2.5
223.94
9.5
307.21
0.01
45.833
0.19
118.62
0.43
146.25
2.6
226.04
10.0
310.96
0.011
47.71
0.20
120.23
0.44
147.09
2.7
228.07
11
318.05
0.012
49.446
0.21
121.78
0.45
147.84
2.8
230.05
12
324.65
0.013
51.062
0.22
123.27
0.5
151.84
2.9
231.97
13
330.83
0.014
52.574
0.23
124.71
0.6
158.84
3.0
233.84
14
336.64
0.015
53.997
0.24
126.09
0.7
164.96
3.2
237.45
15
342.13
0.02
60.86
0.25
127.43
0.8
170.41
3.4
240.88
16
347.33
0.025
64.992
0.26
128.73
0.9
175.36
3.6
244.16
17
352.26
0.03
69.124
0.27
129.98
1.0
179.88
3.8
247.31
18
356.96
0.04
75.886
0.28
131.20
1.1
184.07
4.0
250.33
19
361.43
0.05
81.345
0.29
132.39
1.2
187.96
4.2
253.24
20
365.70
- 146 -
0.06
85.945
0.30
133.54
1.3
191.61
- 147 -
4.4
256.05
- 148 -