DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY

FACULTY OF ARTS AND LETTERS

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

DATA COMPARISON:
YAFS AND 3F1 DATA ON
DRINKING ALCOHOLIC
BEVERAGES

BY
MANGAHAS, MARY GRACE B.
MORENO, VERONICA MICHELLE L.

November 15, 2014

Introduction
Alcoholic drinking has been part of Philippine culture. Even during the
ancient times this activity has already existed and continuously practice in
todays era. As part of the culture, Filipinos never fail to include drinking
alcoholic beverages in celebrating a particular occasion such as fiesta,
birthday and holidays. But others considered drinking alcohol as deviant because of its
negative effects on human particularly on situations that causes an individual to do criminal or
violent actions. However, drinking alcohol is not just considered as a norm less act for it
embodies meaning that are not commonly identified. Alcohol is a symbolic vehicle for
identifying, describing, constructing and manipulating cultural systems, values, interpersonal
relationship, behavioral norms, and expectations. Thus, drinking alcohol is not just a simple
activity because it serves different functions particularly on socialization. According from
Labajo, total recorded per capita consumption of Filipinos is 3.75 litres of pure
alcohol for those 15 years and above years and above and increases by 10%
every year (Filipinos only third to Thailand and Japan). 38.9% of Filipinos are
occasional alcohol drinkers, 11.1% are regular drinkers (13% males and 5.9%
females) while females) while 4.8% are heavy drinkers ( % are heavy
drinkers ( 6.6% males and % males and 1.3% females) though children
Filipino drinkers drink beer (78.5%) , liquor--rum, gin, whisky and lambanog
(70.6%), and wine, tuba, sangria, sherry (42.4%). Because of that, the researchers
became interested on the topic in Block G of YAFS Data specifically, drinking alcohol and how
it becomes essential on the Filipino society.
Methodology
Research Design
Survey has been used for collecting data on 25 respondents from 3F1 which is defined as a
questionnaire in a standardized form with the purpose of gathering information from the selected
samples. It can be self-administered or administered by the interviewers but in this study, it is

self-administered (Tungpalan 2005). Giving of questionnaires also considered ethical procedure

through informing the respondents about the objectives of the study and that confidentiality of
the information has been assured.

Sampling Method
The sampling method employed in this study is purposive sampling wherein members are chosen
based on a set of criteria (Tungpalan 2005). Criteria set for respondents are: (1) student from the
University of Santo Tomas; (2) must be from homogenous block and as decided by the
researchers, it is the third year Food Technology; (3) under the block of 3F1 and, (4) availability
of the respondents. There are 25 respondents who answered a prepared survey questionnaire that
has been pre-test four days before the actual data gathering.
Locale
The research locale for this study is the University of Santo Tomas particularly students from
3F1 which is under the College of Education. The locale was chosen because it is more
convenient for the researcher but the data needed have not been taken for granted.
Statistical Tool
The type of approach for this study is quantitative method with the use of statistics. There are
two subdivisions of statistical method, namely descriptive and inferential but this research
focused on descriptive statistics. It deals with the presentation of numerical facts, or data, in
either tables or graphs form (http://www.acad.polyu.edu.hk n.d.) which is use for describing or
summarizing numeric observations (http://www.sagepub.com n.d.). It only describes data that
has been gathered. In encoding and analyzing the data gathered from selected respondents from
third year Food Technology students, SPSS which stands for Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences, a software for quantitative data has been used. Microsoft Excel also helped the
researchers to create graphs for both the YAFS data and the 3F1 data specifically only the
common variables for drinking alcoholic beverages.

Result and Analysis

Table 1. YAFS DATA

Table 2. 3F1 DATA

Ever Tried Drinking?

8; 0%

Ever Tried Drinking?

No; 12%

No; 32%

Yes; 88%

Yes; 68%

Table 3. YAFS DATA

Table 4. 3F1 DATA

First Drink Age

First Drink Age

5%
14%

14% 5% 9%
5%
9%

9%

32%

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

13

14

15

21

22

23

24

97

98

99

17

18

19

97

Table 5. YAFS DATA

16

1st Drinking Partners

in
1st Drinking Session
Barkada/friends
Family/relatives

School mates

Sorority/fraternity mates

Officemate/co-workers

Partner

Teacher

Boardmate

1+2

1+3

98

Others

99

Table 6. 3F1 DATA

1st Drinking Partners

in 1st Drinking Session
School mates; 5%

Family or relatives; 36%

Barkada or friends; 59%

Barkada or friends

Table 7. YAFS DATA

Family or relatives

School mates

Table 8. 3F1 DATA

Currently
Currently Drinking Alcoholic Beverage
? Drinking Alcoholic Beverage ?

Yes, regularly; 5%
Yes,
regularly or often; 5%
9; 32%
No; 27%
Yes, not regularly/sometimes; 35%
8; 0%
Yes, not regularly or sometime; 68%

No; 28%

Table 9. YAFS DATA

Beer

drinks (gin, vodka, cognac, brandy, etc.)

Kind of AlcoholicHard
Beverages

Mixed drinks (gin pomelo, beer-gin-coke, etc.)

Tuba

Wine

1+2+3

1+2

2+3

1+3

2+4

1+4

1+2+4

All drinks
98

Table 10. 3F1 DATA

Others
99

Kind of Alcoholic Beverages

6%
19%

38%

38%

Beer

Table 11. YAFS DATA

Hard drinks

Mixed drinks

Others

Consume per Average of Bottles of Alcoholic Drinks

Shots/glasses only

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

18

20

24

30

DK

98

99

2 gallons + more

< 1 bottle

One gallon

1/2 gallon

1/4 gallon

Table 12. 3F1 DATA

Consume per Average of Bottles of Alcoholic Drinks

17%
50%
33%

Table 13. YAFS DATA

Consume per Average of Shots of Alcoholic Drinks

Shots/glasses only 1

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

18

19

20

24

25

30

32

35

45

48

50

95

Bottles (beer) /glasses only DK 98

99

Table 14. 3F1 DATA

Consume per Average of Shots of Alcoholic Drinks

13%
38%
25%

25%

10

Table 15. YAFS DATA

Usual Drinking Partner

Table 16. 3F1 DATA

Usual Drinking Partner

25%
Alone

75%

Barkada/friends
Family/relatives
School mates
Sorority/fraternity mates
Officemates/co-workers
2+3
Others
98
99

Barkada or friends

Family or relatives

Table 17. YAFS DATA

Reason
for Drinking
Enjoyment
and relaxation

Alcoholic
Beverages
To escape
from problems/concerns

Pressure from others/can't say no

Socialization/pakikisama

Nothing else to do

For good health/help digestion

Personal choice

1+4

1+2

2+4

Others
99

98

Table 18. 3F1 DATA

Reason for Drinking Alcoholic Beverages

13%

6%

81%

Enjoyment and relaxation

Socialization or pakikisama

Nothing else to do

Table 19. YAFS DATA

Table 20. 3F1 DATA

Getting
into Trouble in Relation to Drinking
Getting into Trouble in Relation
to Drinking
Yes; 6%
Yes; 9%

No; 32%
9; 59%
8; 0%
No; 94%

Table. 21. YAFS DATA

Table 22. 3F1 DATA

Ever Tried to Stop Drinking?

Ever Tried to Stop Drinking?
Yes; 19%

Yes; 20%
No; 5%
DK;
0%
8;
0%

9; 74%

No; 81%

Table 23. YAFS DATA

Table 24. 3F1 DATA

Family Members Currently

Drinking?
Family
Members Currently Drinking?
8; 0%
No; 29%

Yes; 32%

No; 68%
Yes; 71%

Table 25. YAFS DATA

Table 26. 3F1 DATA

drinking regularly: father

9; 29%

drinking regularly: father

Yes; 38%
Checked; 46%

8; 0%

No; 63%

Not checked; 25%

Table 27. YAFS DATA

Table 28. 3F1 DATA

drinking regularly: mother drinking regularly: mother

9; 29%

Checked; 7%

8; 0%
Not checked; 64%
No; 100%

Table 29. YAFS DATA

Table 30. 3F1 DATA

drinking regularly: brother

drinking regularly: brother

9; 29%

Checked; 31%
No; 50%

8; 0%

Yes; 50%

Not checked; 41%

Table 31. YAFS DATA

Table 32. 3F1 DATA

drinking regularly: sister

drinking regularly: sister

9; 29%

Checked; 3%

8; 0%
Not checked; 68%
No; 100%

Table 33. YAFS DATA

Table 34. 3F1 DATA

drinking regularly: spouse

drinking regularly: spouse
Checked; 6%
Not
6%
8; checked;
0%

9; 89%

No; 100%

Table 35. YAFS DATA

Table 36. 3F1 DATA

experience drinking with family

experience
members
drinking with family members
Yes; 25%
9; 48%

No; 48%

No; 25%
8; 2%

Yes; 52%

According to the first two table, 3F1 respondents has higher percentage of tried drinking
alcoholic beverages than respondents from YAFS. From the tables 3 and 4, both respondents
from two data started drinking at age 16.The tables 5 and 6 showed that barkada/friends were
their first drinking partners in first drinking session. Yes, not regularly/sometimes is the dominant
answer for both data in tables 7 and 8. Beer is the most common kind of alcoholic beverages as
illustrated on tables 9 and 10.Meanwhile, tables 11 and 12 as well as tables 13 and 14 cannot be
compared because of inconsistency in choices. Tables 15 and 16 both agreed that barkada/friends
is the usual drinking partner of respondents from YAFS and 3F1 data. Enjoyment and relaxation
got the highest percentage for the reason of drinking alcoholic beverages. Based on the data from
tables 19 and 20 there is a lesser trouble incident in relation to drinking alcoholic beverages from
respondents of two data. Tables 21 and 22 have a different result on the question of ever tried to
stop drinking because many respondents from 3F1 answered no while respondents from YAFS
data answered yes which is same thing with tables 23 and 24. It is because more family members
of YAFS respondents are currently drinking compared to family members of 3F1 respondents.
The result on tables 25 and 26 are almost the same in the percentage of father who drinks
regularly. Table 28 has a 100 percent of mother who does not drink alcoholic beverages regularly
while according on table 27, 7 percent of respondents mother drinks alcoholic beverages
regularly. Results of tables 29 and 30 are also almost the same in percentage of respondents
brother who does not drink alcoholic beverages regularly Table 32 has a 100 percent of
respondents sister who does not drink alcoholic beverages regularly while according to table 31,
3 percent of respondents sister drink alcoholic beverages regularly. Table 34 showed that there is
0 percent of spouse drinking regularly because all respondents of 3F1 data are not yet married
but in the YAFS data 6 percent answered yes that their spouse drinks alcoholic beverages
regularly. Lastly, table 36s respondents has 52 percent who answered that they have already
experienced drinking alcoholic beverages with family members while table 35: YAFS data
illustrated that both yes and no got 25 percent on the question of have you ever experienced
drinking alcoholic beverages with family members.
Conclusion and Recommendation
In conclusion, based on the results of both YAFS and 3F1 data, it strengthen
the argument of Maritona Victa Labajo on her study entitled The Filipino as
Quintessential Drinker: A Study of Alcohol Drinking Patterns among Filipinos

which she stated that 60% of Filipino youth ages 13 years and above have taken or are
taking alcoholic beverages, 79% males and 21% females. Also beer has been the most
common alcoholic beverage among Filipino drinkers. The researchers also
found out that the most reason why Filipinos drink is to enjoy and to relax.
And barkada or friends are common drinking companion. For
recommendation, researchers commend future studies to focus on how
drinking alcoholic beverages become part of the Filipino culture.
References
http://www.acad.polyu.edu.hk. n.d. Chapter 1: Descriptive Statistics. Retrieved November 13,
2014 (http://www.acad.polyu.edu.hk/~machanck/lectnotes/c1_des.pdf).
http://www.sagepub.com. n.d. Introduction to Statistics. Retrieved November 13, 2014
(http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/40006_Chapter1.pdf).
http://www.sirc.org. n.d. Drinking. Retrieved November 11, 2014
(http://www.sirc.org/publik/drinking6.html).
Labajo, Maritona V. n.d. THE FILIPINO AS THE QUINTESSENTIAL DRINKER: A Study of
Alcohol Drinking Patterns Among Filipinos..
Tungpalan, Tess. 2005. Handbook for Researchers. 3rd ed. Quezon: UP-CSWCD-REDO.