Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
ENGR 10
Introduction to Engineering
Support
Structure
Ken Youssefi
Lattice structure
Structural support
Tripod support
Ken Youssefi
Ken Youssefi
Ken Youssefi
Ken Youssefi
Support structure
failure, UK
Lightning strike,
Germany
Ken Youssefi
Balsa wood
PVC Pipe
Cardboard
10
Recycled
Materials
Foam Board
Ken Youssefi
11
Metal Rods
Old Toys
Engineering 10, SJSU
12
Spring Stiffness
x
Compression
spring
Tension
spring
F
F
F = k (x)
where
k = spring constant
x = spring stretch
F = applied force
Ken Youssefi
13
Stiffness (Spring)
Deflection is proportional to load, F = k (x)
Load (N or lb)
slope, k
k
Ken Youssefi
load
deflection
The Stiffness
Engineering 10, SJSU
14
End view
L
F
k
FL
AE
Ken Youssefi
AE
L
Stiffness
Stiffness in bending
A
B
16
L = length
Fixed end
Support
F = force
Ken Youssefi
17
L = length
Fixed end
Support
F = force
18
Clicker Question
kg is a unit of force
A) True
B) False
Ken Youssefi
19
Clicker Question
All 3 springs have the same
initial length. Three springs
are each loaded with the
same force F. Which spring
has the greatest stiffness?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Ken Youssefi
K1
K2
K3
They are all the same
I dont know
Engineering 10, SJSU
K2
K3
K1
F
F
F
20
Note:
Intercept = 0
Default is:
first column plots on
x axis
second column plots
on y axis
Ken Youssefi
21
Ken Youssefi
22
A2
A1
y1
y2
Ken Youssefi
Area, A
23
Load
Maximum distance of
4 inch to the centroid
I2
2 x 8 beam
Same load
and location
I1
2
2 x 8 beam
24
I=
do
(d)4
64
I=
64
[(do)4 (di)4]
I=
1
bh3
12
I=
I=
1
hb3
12
1
1
BH3 bh3
12
12
h
Ken Youssefi
25
Show of Hands
1.0 inch
A designer is considering
two cross sections as
shown. Which will
produce a stiffer structure?
A. Solid section
B. Hollow section
C. I dont know
2.0 inch
h
B
B = 2.25, H = 1.25
b = 2.0, h = 1.0
Ken Youssefi
26
1.0
2.0
Now, consider a hollow rectangular section 2.25 inch wide by 1.25 high
by .125 thick.
b
B = 2.25, H = 1.25
b = 2.0, h = 1.0
H
B
Compare the weight of the two parts (same material and length), so
only the cross sectional areas need to be compared.
(2 - .8125)/(2) = .6 = 60% lighter
27
Clicker Question
Load (lbs)
The plot shows load
versus deflection for
three structures.
Which is stiffest?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. I dont know
Deflection
(inch)
28
Stiffness = slope
Square
Ken Youssefi
Box
Rectangular
Horizontal
Engineering 10, SJSU
Rectangular
Vertical
29
L = length
F = force
Ken Youssefi
30
Material Strength
Standard Tensile Test
Standard Specimen
Sy yield strength
Su fracture strength
Engineering 10 - SJSU
31
Ken Youssefi
Engineering 10 - SJSU
32
Ken Youssefi
33
Density of Materials
Plastic is 7 times
lighter than steel
and 3 times lighter
than aluminum.
Ken Youssefi
34
Rectangle deforms
Triangle rigid
Ken Youssefi / Thalia Anagnos
35
Clicker Question
The higher the Modulus of Elasticity (E),
the lower the stiffness
A. True
B. False
Ken Youssefi
36
Clicker Question
Which of the following materials is
the stiffest?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Ken Youssefi
Cast Iron
Aluminum
Polycarbonate
Steel
Fiberglass
37
Clicker Question
The applied load affects the stiffness
of a structure.
A. True
B. False
Ken Youssefi
38
Stiffness Testing
Ken Youssefi
39
Load
pulling on
tower
Dial gage
to measure
deflection
weights
Successful
testers
Ken Youssefi
40