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Photosynthesis
CO2
in, O2 out
A TYPICAL LEAF
surface area
Thin with a small distance between upper and
lower surfaces
Epidermis
epi
- upon
dermis - skin
LEAF EPIDERMIS
Epidermal cells usually lack chloroplasts
Epidermis is also covered by a waxy cuticle
Impermeable
to water
LEAF EPIDERMIS
hairs
MESOPHYLL TISSUE
Occupies most of the internal tissue of the leaf
Comprised of two cell types
Palisade
parenchyma cells
Spongy parenchyma cells
MESOPHYLL TISSUE
cells
Contain many chloroplasts
Primary site for photosynthesis
MESOPHYLL TISSUE
randomly arranged
Air spaces between cells
Fewer chloroplasts
VASCULAR TISSUE
Visible as veins distributed throughout the leaf
Required for transport of material to and from
the leaf
VASCULAR TISSUE
VASCULAR TISSUE
Xylem
Distribution
root
Phloem
Transport
VASCULAR TISSUE
Organ
Tissue
Cell Type
Epidermal
Epidermis
Guard cells
Hair cells
Leaf
Mesophyll
Palisade
Spongy
Xylem
Vascular
System
Phloem
PowerPoint
Lectures for
Photosynthesis:
Using Light to Make FoodMAKIPHO
Biology: Concepts and Connections, Fifth Edition
Campbell, Reece, Taylor, and Simon
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Lectures by Chris Romero
Plant
Power
Photosynthesis
AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CO2
Chloroplasts
Concentrated
Chloroplast
structure
Stroma
Thylakoids
Interconnected sacs
Contain chlorophyll in membranes
LE 7-2
Mesophyll Cell
LM 2,600
Leaf
Mesophyll
Vein
Chloroplast
Stoma
CO2
O2
Outer
membrane
Inner
membrane
TEM 9,750
Chloroplast
Grana
Stroma
Stroma
Granum
Intermembrane
space
Thylakoid
Thylakoid space
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
H2O
Light
(CH2O)
Chlorophyll
ATP &
NADPH
O2
LIGHT
REACTION
LIGHT REACTION
Occur
in thylakoid membranes
Convert light energy to chemical energy as ATP and
NADPH
Produce O2 as a waste product
LE 7-6A
X-rays
UV
Infrared
Microwaves
Visible light
Wavelength (nm)
650
nm
Radio
waves
Several
a
Absorbs blue-violet and red light, reflects green light
LE 7-8B
ATP
e
NADPH
Electron transport
chain
Photosystem II
Photosystem I
CALVIN CYCLE
Occurs
in stroma
Assembles sugar molecules from CO2 using ATP
and NADPH from light reactions
LE 7-10A
CO2
Input
ATP
NADPH
CALVIN
CYCLE
Output:
G3P
glucose
light reactions
Capture
light energy
Generate NADPH and ATP
Release O2 and water
The
Calvin cycle
Manufactures
Cells
sugar
Sucrose for
transport
chlorophyll
LipidsOils in seeds
Starch for
storage
Proteins
And DNA
Cellulose
For cell walls
Mineral ions
from soil
(nitrogen & phosphates
Magnesium
Ions from soil
months
Allows plants to conserve energy
Less free water is available in the soil
- Nitrate
- Phosphate
- Potassium
- Magnesium
NITRATES
Used in amino acids, proteins, chlorophyll, DNA
and other compounds
Deficiency symptoms are stunted growth of
plant, older leaves turn yellow
PHOSPHATES
Use in making DNA and many other
compounds; part of the cell
membrane
Deficiency symptoms are poor root
growth; young leaves turn purple
POTASSIUM
Needed for enzymes of respiration and
photosynthesis to work
Deficiency symptoms leaves turn yellow with
dead spots
MAGNESIUM
Used as part of the chlorophyll molecule
Deficiency symptoms leaves turn yellow