GROUP MEMBERS

Group Leader
Muhammad Aliff Bin Adnan
Secretary
Farah Najwa Binti Mohd Hassan
Videographer
Ahmad Shazwi Bin Abd Hamid

Nurul Shuhadah Binti Yahya

Tay Yen Ling

Fact
Peak flow of vehicle
induced traffic jam.

Idea

People rushing to work and class.

Everyone go out at the same time so
they will meet people who also
rushing time. They should go out
earlier to avoid the congestion.
Poor road management/ improper
infrastructure.
There has only single lane in one
direction that is not sufficient when
the population increased.
More cars on roads.
Population increased hence people
needs their own personal transport
to works or study. Numbers of car
increased will caused the traffic
jam happened.
Lack of public transport
/ inconvenience
Insufficient of public transport
forced people
to drive their own cars. Buses stop
at some location only people
required to walk for a long distance
to work.

Learning outcome
What can be done by an engineer
to reduce traffic jam at the peak
hour?
How highway engineer do to
overcome the problem?

Action

Research & Development

Engineer should develop a new
technology or improve exiting
technology to satisfy the needs
and reduce the traffic congestion.
Regulation 23,24
Every register engineer shall
uphold high standing and
reputation of his profession by
done their works effectively and
efficiency.
As a highway engineer, he/she
must responsibility to his client
above the jobs that have been
offered. They should investigate
the area where traffic jam always
happen, figure out the cause of
traffic jam and solve it. For
example, lane is insufficient
during peak flow of traffic so
engineer can increase number of
lanes to reduce congestion of
traffic.

Fact
Landslide happens at the
slope area which is near
to the residential area.

Idea

Illegally logging.
People logging without license which
had been certified known as illegal.
Logging to get the commercial things
such as paper, furniture and
construction material (timber).
Deforestation, cultivation and
construction.
Destruction of forest for multipurpose
such as cultivation, construction,
housing and urbanization.
Quarrying and mining activities.
After quarrying and mining activities
there will left void behind, if it is not
settle properly it will caused landslide
occurred. This is due to the topsoil
does not have any support or roots
grapping the soil together.

Learning outcome

Action

What authorities should take

place in solving this situation?

What should be done before

construction to avoid landslide
happen?

What is the role of engineer in a

construction?

MENGOs
Give education and awareness
raised on environmental concerns.
Over development will caused
environmental damage due to
land degradation and erosion and
soil conservation. Thus, engineer
should do some survey on site
before construction start. Hence,
landslide can be prevents and
houses would not destroy by
landslide.
To minimise the effect of
landslide caused damage in
property, suitable types of
retaining wall should be build.
Qualified engineer required
inspecting during construction as
their responsibility to client and
profession shall have full regard
to the public interest.

Fact
Bridges collapse at the
middle part of flyover.

Ideas

Faulty design and construction

Construction of bridges did not
follow the design and materials or
reinforcement used do not follow
specification requirement. Factor of
safety of bridges does not reach the
minimum requirement.
Maintenance
Maintenance of bridge is not carried
out or examine properly by
authorities. Periodic inspection is
essential even after the completed
construction to ensure the safety of
road users.
Structural deterioration, wind load
and overload
Structure of bridges cannot resist the
extra loading from environment. We
can assume that the construction is
under design or wind load is
extraordinary which is not expected
by designer.
Weak joint/construction error
Construction of the bridge is follow
the requirement stated in the plan
during the construction. Joint
between the column and beam is not
strong enough to sustain the bridges
selfweight and loading of vehicle.

Learning Outcomes
What regulation suitable to use
in this situation?

Action

What will cause failure of

construction and how to solve it?

Regulation 31
Register Engineer is not to
intervene or to take over the work
of another.
They should not take over any
work of others register Engineer
while inspection another project.
This will induces accidents
happened due to less
concentration and carelessness.
Improved communication skill.
Communication between
engineer and workers are
importance because if the
specification of drawing is
changed but workers doing their
works by follows the previous
drawing. Then, errors will be
occurs indeed of causing the
failure of structure. Hence, key of
communications in team shall
play the roles of conveying new
information to others in team.
Engineer must be in good contact
with one another to avoid
misinterpret the message.

Fact
Flood caused damage to
vegetation and property
and required to spend
cost and manpower to
clean up the places
flooded with water.

Ideas

Combination of heavy rainfall

causing river/oceans to over flow
their bank.
During raining, the water at upstream
is more than usual as it flow
downstream which is adjacent lowlying area then flood is going to
happen.
Dam breaking
Dam is used to hold the water from
flowing down from highland and as
water reservoir. However, if too
much water stored in the dam it will
caused the dam to break and
overflow. This will induced the flood
happened at the downstream area.
Increases of deforestation
Forest plays an important role in
preventing flood. This is because
trees will prevent the sediment runoff
into the rivers and forests will hold
the water in the soil prevents water
loss as well. Without forest the
sediment will runoff, stored at the
bottom of river and make the
riverbed become shallow. This
causes the flood more easily to
happen.

Learning Outcomes
How engineers apply their
knowledge to prevent flood?

Action

How the government and

engineer work together to solve
this problem?

Research & Development

Innovation process- creation of
new knowledge or new idea to
cured flood. Engineers and their
team do research about the flood
and find out the best effective
way to overcome the problem.
Interaction between Government
and Industrial.
Government should provide
support to industrial researcher to
carry out beyond the basic
research stage. With funding,
they are available for research in
innovation technologies to
improve the flood control system.

Fact
Flyover/bridges joint
which located between
the column and beam
cracked and this will had
caused the flyover
failure.

Ideas

The material used in the column does

not follow the specification.
Cement, sand and reinforcement used
do not follow the requirement which
had been stated inside the plan or
report. Proportion of the materials
used lesser that stated so the column
failure because not strong enough to
withstand the load.
The engineer does not calculate the
actual load of the bridge.
Process of calculation of the loading
going wrong. Carelessness of the
engineer did not consider the
important information during
calculation.
Work inspection
Altitude of engineer during working.
They do not show their professional
when working. If they inspect the
construction work seriously then the
problem will be solved early and
reduce the cost of repair.

Learning Outcomes
What should engineers do?

Action

What are the roles of professional

engineers?

Regulation 23,24
Every register engineer shall
uphold high standing and
reputation of his profession by
done their works effectively and
efficiency.
As an engineer, he/she must
responsibility to his client above
the jobs that have been offered.
They should take responsibility
to inspect the construction to
ensure no mistake occur during
the process of construction.
Professionalism of engineering.
As a profession, he or she
achieves status and financial
reward by accomplishment not
by inherent qualities. They
should not cheat on
workmanship and materials due
to their own interest without
consider the safety of building
and occupants.

Fact
Failure happen at the
foundation caused the
apartment collapsed.

Ideas

Failure of the soil structure.

Engineers do not treat the soil properly
before the construction start. They do
not do any research or examine the
sites. Besides, data given by the
surveyor insufficient or incomplete
thus engineers cannot treat the soil
effectively.
The strength of structure building
(foundation)
Foundation of the building constructed
does not depend on the soil structure of
the site. Foundation selected is not
suitable to use in the soft soil area.
Construction of apartment does not
follow the requirement and
specification.
Hence, the soil cannot resist the load
transfer from building. Failures happen
between the foundation and soil.

Learning Outcomes
What responsible should be
taken by engineer?

Action

What is the role of professional

engineer?
How to increase the efficiency
and effective of doing works?

Responsible for safety.

Engineer should be careful and
pay full attention in calculation
loading carried by structure. If
error occurs in this process,
apartment will collapsed maybe
due to structure or foundation not
able to sustain the load transfer.
Professional of engineers
Engineers should give some
advises in choose the suitable
ways of construction. They need
to advise their clients the best
ways of construction but not only
saving the costs.
Well training labour
Trained worker will performance
better compared to untrained
worker. If all the workers are
being trained, so no mistake will
happen during construct
formwork, pouring concrete,
installation of reinforcement and
other works in site. Thus,
strength of structure can be
maintain.

Fact
Nowadays, disasters not
only happen naturally but
it also caused by human
activities. Human
activities will induced the
disaster happen however
natural disaster will also
caused damage to manmade things.

Ideas

Human activities include deforestation,

land degradation and etc.
Deforestation will affect the hydrology
system, water retention and affect the
forests as a sink for carbon dioxide.
However in this case the soil will
runoff or loose without root of trees to
grab the soil together. This will lead to
landslide and flood happen.
Altitudes of engineer.
Engineers do not implement their jobs
seriously and leads to structural failure.
Furthermore, engineers who construct
the structure without follow the
environment guideline induced the
environment damage.

Learning Outcomes
What Government can do to
penalty the persons who destruct
the environment?

Action

As an engineer, what action can

be done by him or her to
overcome the problems
effectively?

Engineer shall uphold the

dignity, high standard and
reputation of profession.
Engineer inspector and supervise
the works to check that works
are executed to correct line and
level and that the materials and
workmanship comply with
specification. Thus, failure will
not happen. This will instill the
trust and confidence to public.
Action taken by engineer should
be always best of clients interest
and to public.
Carry out research project
Build a team to investigate the
causes of disaster happen and
find out a solution.
Enforcement regulation.
To who does not follow the
environmental guideline when
construct a structure and induce
environmental damage should be
dealt with law by fines or
cancellation of licences.

INTRODUCTION
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) was stated in Parit Raja, Batu Pahat
Johor. Before the the awareness of that full university, it was started as Pusat Latihan Staff
Politeknik,Institusi Teknologi Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia and lastly Kolej Tun Hussien Onn
Malaysia. This is because they was grow and progress, producing graduates who were skilful,
knowledgeable and have competitive in market. The construction process was started a long time
ago. This area of Parit Raja mostly have pit soil and soft soil. As we know that, the characteristic
of peat soil have a high in moisture content and it not strong enough to support a high building.
As we can see, during the first construction in UTHM, it just a small building that can be built
because the soil have a biggest problem for long time. Peat soil also have a lot or organic
compose and the soil is not compacted well. The admistrative of university should built more
construction to support the vision and student. So that, they was built more construction before
they upgrade to the university. During the process of built, there was a problem that part of the
construction.
In our project, we have investigate the problem that can cause the structural failure for the
construction for long term. For the past five years, UTHM has built a lot of facilities to the
student and lecture such as the faculty for each course, mosque of UTHM, hall of graduation day
and library. As we can see it, the construction is involve a lot of area and they should try to use
effective way to still the problem. Nowadays the construction have a problem already show even
though it was designed for long lime. The movement of soil is too critical and it can cause the
collapse for some building. During the construction, they was using a bored pile for make a
foundation and it not effective. This is because during the process of pilling, the pile was settling
to the underground fast before is set. The investigation was occurs and they realize that the water
level for peat soil is high.
We have try to show the problem that happen nowadays and it clear show how the critical
this issue. University was stop the construction immediately because it can effect the soil move
for other building. We also show the reasons of failure the foundation structure failure and
suggestion to overcome the problem.

REASONS OF THE FAILURE

In any failures, there must a reason of it why it is fail. In our case where the piling is unset
and been left unfinished for years now. What are the possible of failure in this case? Here is some
reason for our case study :

1) Soil structure in Parit Raja

As we know, Parit Raja has an organic soil. Construction on soft soils, such as
organic and peat soils, has always been considered a challenging task by the civil
engineering community. Low strength and high compressibility are typical characteristics
of such soils, making them inadequate to support the additional load of infrastructure
built on them. Some additional considerations are required to provide a sufficiently strong
foundation to support the development above ground. The foundation has to not only bear
the dead and live loads without collapse, but also to undergo limited and uniform
settlement with time. In Malaysia, peat and organic soils are considerably extensive,
making development on such areas a challenging endeavor for civil engineers.
The common foundations adopted for these areas are installation of deep and
closely spaced piles. While the piles serve the purpose well by transferring the load to a
firm stratum deep down in the subsoil, the scale of machinery, materials, labor, costs and
time involved are inevitably high. Sometimes such approach may prove to be
uneconomical and even unwise with over-designs to counter the poor soil quality. High
safety factors may be used to ensure the performance of the foundation, hence leading to
the installation of deep, closely spaced piles to mobilize optimal skin friction and end
bearing capacities.

2) Cost
Why is it cost can be a reason for unfinished project? It is because in industry, we
do have investigate the location of the site before doing any construction. But can we

guarantee that what we planned as in theoretical will be as exactly as in real life? For
example, the developer has replace the soft soil at the area of the UTHM before starting
the project but it is still not enough because down deep the base are still the soft soil that
cannot handle much load. Even if they could handle small load, it may not long whether
the building is going to settle, crack or collapse for worse.
While they were doing the piling work, we can see that the piling are close to
each other and there are plenty of piling which tells us that they have swallow a plenty of
cost. Because it is not cheap to set a piling or even for hundreds of piling. Some of the
piling even did not set after 30 meter. Then, thats why they stop the project.

Fig 1

SUGGESTION
The lowest part of structure is generally referred to as the foundation. Its function is to
transfer the load of the structure to the soil on which it is resting. A properly designed foundation

is one that transfers the load throughout the soil without overstressing the soil. Depending on the
structure and soil encountered, various types are used. Pile foundation is the most important
structure for every building that carry large load. For this project, our case study is about the
failure of the foundation beside the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environment, UTHM
which is located at Parit Raja, Batu Pahat. The failure of the foundation is caused the soil
structure at the site and cost of construction.
A spread footing is simply and enlargement of load-bearing wall or column that makes it
possible to spread the load of structure over larger area of the soils. In soil with low bearing
capacity, the size of the spread footing required is impracticably large. In that case, it is more
economical to construct the entire structure over a concrete pad. This is called as a mat
foundation. The soil characteristic at Parit Raja is a peat soil which is has low bearing capacity;
therefore this type of foundation is much recommended.
Besides that, mat foundation is sometimes used to resist water pressures when
groundwater extends above the level of the floor of the lowest basement of a building. The
selection of the type of foundation to be used for an individual structure is typically a function of
the expected loads and the allowable bearing pressures. Typically, a mat foundation is only
considered when the area of the spread footings or combined footings exceeds about 50 percent
of the gross area of the building.
Another reason why this method is much recommended is about the cost. Based on the
second reason of the failure that have mentioned above, this type of foundation are provides an
economical solution to difficult site conditions, where pile foundation cannot be use
advantageously and independent column footing becomes impracticable.
After all, this suggestion might be effective solution which able to overcome the failure
that cause by the soil characteristic and cost.

MINUTE OF MEETING 1/2015

ENGINEERING AND SOCIETY
FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
DATE
TIME
PLACE

:12 APRIL 2015

: 8.30 PM
:LIBRARY TUN AMINAH,UTHM

Members Present: (list all members that attended meeting)

1.

Muhammad Aliff Bin Adnan CF130202(CHAIRPERSON)

2.

Farah Najwa Binti Mohd Hassan CF130172 (SECTEARY)

3.

Ahmad Shazwi Bin Abd Hamid CF130164

4.

Nurul Shuhadah Binti Yahya CF130237

5.

Tay Yen Ling CF130188

Members Apologies: (list members that did not attend the meeting)

NO

SUBJECT

ACTION BY

FEEDBACK

CHAIRPERSON ADDRESS
-

1.0

2.0

Discuss the problem that have been given

Devided the part of job (report)

CLOSING
- Postpone the meeting for the next meeting

Chairperson,
Mr. Muhammad Aliff Bin Adnan

Miss Farah
Najwa

Prepared by:

Approved by:

__________________

____________________

(Secteary)

(Chairperson)

Miss Tay yen ling

MINUTE OF MEETING 2/2015

ENGINEERING AND SOCIETY
FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
DATE
TIME
PLACE

: 25 APRIL 2015
: 8.30 PM
:MACDONAL TAMAN UNIVERSITI,PARIT RAJA

Members Present: (list all members that attended meeting)

1.

Muhammad aliff bin adnan cf130202(CHAIRPERSON)

2.

Farah Najwa Binti Mohd Hassan CF130172 (SECTEARY)

3.

Ahmad Shazwi Bin Abd Hamid CF130164

4.

Nurul shuhadah binti yahya cf130237

5.

Tay yen ling cf130188

Members Apologies: (list members that did not attend the meeting)

NO

SUBJECT

ACTION BY

FEEDBACK

CHAIRPERSON ADDRESS
-

1.0

2.0

Discuss the progress project

Find the problem in project report
Take action on problem

CLOSING
- Postpone the meeting for the next meeting

Chairperson,
Mr. Muhammad Aliff Bin Adnan

Miss Farah
Najwa

Prepared by:

Approved by:

__________________

____________________

(Secteary)

(Chairperson)

Miss Tay yen ling

MINUTE OF MEETING 3/2015

ENGINEERING AND SOCIETY
FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
DATE
TIME
PLACE

: 9 MAY 2015
: 8.30 PM
:LIBRARY TUN AMINAH, UTHM

Members Present: (list all members that attended meeting)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Muhammad aliff bin adnan cf130202(CHAIRPERSON)

Farah Najwa Binti Mohd Hassan CF130172 (SECTEARY)
Ahmad Shazwi Bin Abd Hamid CF130164
Nurul shuhadah binti yahya cf130237
Tay yen ling cf130188

Members Apologies: (list members that did not attend the meeting)

NO

SUBJECT

ACTION BY

FEEDBACK

CHAIRPERSON ADDRESS
-

1.0

2.0

Discuss the problem in project

Find the solution
Check the report before summit

CLOSING
- End project discussion

Chairperson,
Mr. Muhammad Aliff Bin Adnan

Miss Farah
Najwa

Prepared by:

Approved by:

__________________

____________________

(Secteary)

(Chairperson)

Miss Tay yen ling