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Integer,
Integers are the natural numbers and their
negatives {... 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3 ...}. (Z is from German Zahl,
"number".)
Rational,
Rational numbers are the ratios of integers,
also called fractions, such as 12 = 0.5 or 13 = 0.3333... Rational
decimal expansions end or repeat. (Q is from quotient.)
Real Algebraic, R
Real,
Real numbers are all the numbers on the continuous
number line with no gaps. Every decimal expansion is a real
number. Real numbers may be rational or irrational, and algebraic
or non-algebraic (transcendental). = 3.14159... and
e = 2.71828... are transcendental. A transcendental number can
be defined by an infinite series.
Numbers
Natural,
Integer,
3
Rational,
234
113
Real,
Real
12
Integer
1+5
2
23
2
3
Natural
Rational
113
Real Algebraic
Transcendental
Irrational
2.25
2
2
12
Real Algebraic, R
3
Algebraic,
2 + 3i
Complex,
Complex numbers, such as 2 + 3i, have the
form z = x + iy, where x and y are real numbers. x is called the
real part and y the imaginary part. The set of complex numbers
includes all the other sets of numbers. The real numbers are
complex numbers with an imaginary part of zero.
Properties of the Number Sets
2 + i
3i
2i
1 + 2i
+ 1.5i
i
2 + i2
2 i
3i
3i
i ei
i2
i
2
2 + i3
Integer
1
2
3
+ i2
1.7 2.8i
Transcendental
1+i
e + i
3 2i
Natural
1.5 2i
Algebraic
2i
i
1 + i
23
Real part
Real
Irrational
R
Note: This is an Euler diagram, not a Venn diagram.
2i
1.5 ei
Complex
Imaginary
Imaginary part
Imaginary
1 i