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Indirect Speech (also referred to as reported speech) refers to a sentence reporting what someone has said.
1. If the reporting verb (i.e. said) is in the past, the reported clause will be in a past form. This form is usually one
step back into the past from the original..
For example:
2. If simple present, present perfect or the future is used in the reporting verb (i.e. says) the tense is retained.
For example:
She said, I want to bring my children. BECOMES She said she wanted to bring her children.
Jack said, My wife went with me to the show. BECOMES Jack said his wife had gone with him to the
show.
It is also important to change time words (signifiers) when referring to present, past or future time to match the
moment of speaking.
For example:
She said, I want to bring my children tomorrow. BECOMES She said she wanted to bring her children the
next day.
Jack said, My wife went with me to the show yesterday. BECOMES Jack said his wife had gone with him
to the show the day before.
Indirect Questions
When reporting questions, it is especially important to pay attention to sentence order. When reporting yes/ no
questions connect the reported question using if. When reporting questions using question words (why, where,
when, etc.) use the question word.
For example:
She asked, Do you want to come with me? BECOMES She asked me if I wanted to come with her.
Dave asked, Where did you go last weekend? BECOMES Dave asked me where I had gone the previous
weekend.
He asked, Why are you studying English? BECOMES She asked me why I was studying English.
Jika kita lihat pada kalimat direct speech, terdapat ciri-ciri yang identik yaitu terdapat tanda petik ().
Tada petik tersebut merupakan cara yang sering digunakan untuk membedakan mana yang direct atau
yang indirect.
Ketika klimat direct speech tersebut dirubah menjadi kalimat indirect speech, tanda petik tersebut pun
dihilangkan atau digantikan dengan kata that atau to (untuk kalimat perintah). Misalnya:
No Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
01
Perubahan struktur kalimat juga terjadi jika pada direct speech menggunakan kalimat tanya, maka akan
dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif (berita).
Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan kalimat tanya yes-no question maka akan dirubah
menjadi if/whether. Contohnya:
No Direct Speech
01
Indirect Speech
They asked me, Do you want to join us to play They asked me if/whether I want to join them to
football?
play football.
Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan 5W1H question (Why, Who, What, When, WHere, How),
maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif dengan cara sebagai berikut:
No
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
01
02
03
04
05
Seperti yang dijelaskan dimuka, perbuahan dari direct ke indirect juga mempengaruhi tensis yang
digunakan. Kebanyakan siswa sulit memahami perubahan yang satu ini. Untuk itu, penulis sengaja
membuatkan tabel perubahan tensis agar mudah dimengerti.
Di bawah ini adalah tabel Perubahan Tenses dari direct speech ke indirect speech.
No
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
01
Simple Present
Simple Past
02
Present Continuous
Past Continuous
03
Present Future
Past Future
04
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
05
06
Simple Past
Past Perfect
07
Past Continuous
Atau bisa lebih dipermudah dengan tabel berikut di bawah ini, yaitu:
No Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
01
V2 (ate)
V1 (eat)
02 V2 (ate)
03 Am/is/are
Was/were
04 Do/does
Did
05 Do/does not
Did not
06 Did not
Had not + V3
07 Was/were
Had been
08 Am/is/are + V-ing
Was/were + V-ing
09 Was/were +V-ing
10
Has/have + V3
Had + V3
11
Will/shall/can/may/must
Would/should/could/might/had to
12
Could/might/should/would + V1/be
3. Perubahan Pronoun
Perubahan pronoun dan possessive tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek yang dipakai di direct speech
(kalimat langsung) yang tentunya mempengaruhi perubahan pronoun pada indirect speech (kalimat tidak
langsung).
Kata ganti orang pertama (I dan We) pada reporting speech (lihat penjelasan di awal) berubah
sesuai subjek yang ada di reproted speech.
No Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
01
He said, I am busy.
02
03
04
05
Kata ganti orang kedua (You) di reporting speech pada direct speech berubah sesuai objek pada
reported speech.
No Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
01
02
03
Kata ganti orang ketiga (He, she, it dan they) pada direct speech tidak mengalami perubahan
ketika dirubah ke indirect speech.
No Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
01
02
03
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
01
Now
Then
02
To day
That day
03
Tomorrow
04
Next
The after
The following
05
Last
The before
The Previous
06
ago
before
earlier
07
Yesterday
08
09
Here
There
10
This
That
11
These
Those
Di bawah ini adalah contoh-contoh direct dan indirect speech untuk menambah pemahaman mengenai
penjelasan di atas.
(+)
(-)
(?)
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
(!)
(!)