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A bacterium
Which of the following is NOT a way in which Archaea and bacteria differ
Archaea follow the lytic cycle, while bacteria follow the lysogenic cycle
Which of the following may be members of the kingdomArchaea Methane producers
Figure 20-1 shows the structure of
A bacterium
Which structure or structures shown in Figure 20-1 have key difference in bacteria
and Archaea A and B
Which of the bacterial cells shown in Figure 20-2 is a coccus
Facultative
By shape, how
Where are you likely to find a photoautotroph Near the surfaces of lakes and streams
During an experiment, a scientist observed prokaryotes that lived near volcanic
vents deep in the ocea, the scientist MOST likely observed Chemoautotrophs
During what process do prokaryotes exchange genetic information
Conjugation
Fertilizer
Capsid
What three materials make up many viruses Proteins, nucleic acids, and lipsids
Proteins in the viral capsid or on the surface membrane function to
virus to the surface of a host cell
bind the
Which of the following characteristics of living things is NOT true about viruses
obtain and use energy
A lytic infection concludes with the
A prophage is made of
Viral DNA
Bacteriophage infect
bacteria
Unlike lytic viruses, lysogenic viruses do NOT Lyse the host cell right away
During a lytic infection, the host cell
allowing
AIDS
Which of the following is NOT a reason emerging diseases are especially dangerous
to human health
emerging diseases can only be controlled by vaccines
What might people do to prevent the development of more superbugs they should
use antibiotics only when necessary
Viral diseases can be
preparations of weakened
One reason common names are not useful to biologists is that they
more than one animal
can apply to
common names
At any level of organization, groups that have biological meaning are referred to as
Taxa
To be useful, a scientific name has to refer to A single species
According to the rules of binomial nomenclature, which of the terms is capitalized
The genus name only
Based on their names, you know that the baboon Papio annubis and Papio
cynocephalus do NOT belong to the same
species
How do binomial, or two-part, names compare with early versionsof scientifc names
they trend to be shorter
The second part of a scientific name is unique to each
phylum
Which are the two highest level taxa in the Linnaean system
kingdom
phylum and
Animals that are warm-blooded, have body hair, and produce milk for their young
are grouped in the class Mammalia
The only "natural" taxa in Linnaeus's system is the species
Traditional classifications tended to take into account primarily
and differences
visible similarities
ancestor
evolutionary
In biology, a trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants is
referred to as a
derived character
Which of the following is a correct explanation of a derived character the presence
of hair is derived character of mammals because all mammals have hair and no
animals other than mammals have it
Each node on a cladogram represents the last point at which two groups shared a
common ancestor
What does a cladistics analysis show about organisms
relatedness among lineages
common ancestry
What is true about dissimilar organisms such as a cow and yeast their degree of
relatedness can be estimated from their genes
Which of the following techniques can scientists use to determine how the DNA of
several species might indicate the species are related
cladistics analysis
DNA evidence
can solve evolutionary puzzles, such as how to classify
organisms that look similar to one species but share peculiar behaviors with one
another
What cell structures in eukaryotic cells contain DNA that can be used to determine
evolutionary relationships nuclei and mitochondria
All organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia are
eukaryotes
Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin
Fungi
In Linnaeus's time, all living things were grouped into two kingdoms. Later, there
were five kingdoms, and now we have six kingdoms. What is the main reason for
this increase as scientists learned more about genetics and biochemistry, some
organisms were moved out of existing kingdoms and into new ones
Why is the kingdom Protista not valid under evolutionary classification protista
contains groups that share closet common ancestors with other groups, rather than
with each other
Organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were previously grouped
in a kingdom calledMonera
bacteria
The domain that contains unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments is
archaea
The two domains composed of only unicellular organisms are
bacteria
archaea and
The three-domain system arose when scientists found that Eubacteria and
Archaebacteria were more
dissimilar than scientists thought
The three-domain system recognizes fundamental differences between two groups
of
Prokaryotes
What is thought to be true about the three domains of living things
they
delivered from a common ancestor before the evolution of the main groups of
eukaryotes
What are protists
kingdoms
single celled
Scientists once classified protists based on whether they had plantlike, funguslike,
or animal like characteristics. Why is the system problematic
some protists have
characteristics of more than one group
Which of the following organisms is a multicellular protest kelp
What is one reason why the classification of protists in one kingdom is difficult
protists are more closely resemble members of the other eukaryotic
kingdoms than they do other protists
Scientists developed the theory that protist and other eukaryotes evolved from
prokaryotes by studying genetic and fossil evidence
What is the relationship between multicellular protists and plants, animals, and
fungi multicellular protists and plants, animals, and fungi likely all have a common
ancestor
Modern protist classification systems
protists
it is a cytoplasmic
To move, nonmotile protists depend on air or water currents and other organisms
The organisms shown in Figure 21-2 is an example of
a flagellate
Which of the following does not describe the macronucleus of a paramecium the
macronucleus does not disintegrate during conjugation
During what process do two protists exchange genetic material
In water models, what structure produces spores
conjugation
sporangium
Which structure of a paramecium holds a "reserve copy" of all the cell's genes?
the micronucleus
Many protists alternate between diploid and haploid stages during their life cycle in
a process known as
alternation of generations
Which of the following events might lead to an algal bloom
fertilizer washes of of fields into the ocean
nitrogen-rich
During fungal reproduction, which of the following process is first to occur after the
nuclei of opposite mating types fuse meiosis
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles is
Eukaryotic
Organisms that must obtain nutrients and energy by eating other organisms are
heterotrophic
A student looks at a slice of tissue on an unlabeled microscope slide. The student
concludes the tissue is not from an animal because the cells in the tissue have
cell walls
Which chordate characteristic is visible on the outside of an adult cat
extends beyond the anus
Homeostasis is a
a tail that
TRUE
Prokaryotes are different from eukaryotes because prokaryotic cells lack DNA
FALSE; a nucleus
Figure 20-2 shows the three shapes of viruses
FALSE; prokaryotes
TRUE
An organism may have different common names that vary from area to are and
language to language
TRUE
Scientists try to organize living things into groups that have economic significance
FALSE; biological scientific
A dichotomous key, which consists of a series of paired statements, can be used to
identify organisms TRUE
In the name Ursus maritmus, the word Ursus refers to the species
genus
Linnaeus's system of classification has seven taxonomic levels
FALSE;
TRUE
FALSE;
Modern biologists build classification diagrams called cladograms that reflect lines
of evolutionary descent TRUE
Cladistic analysis considers derived characteristics that have arisen as lineages
have evolved over time TRUE
American vultures are now classified with storks instead of with African vultures
because of molecular evidence based on body structure FALSE; DNA analysis
Bacillus
The process in which prokaryotes change nitrogen gas to a form that plants can use
is called_____
nitrogen fixation
Prokaryotes that break down dead organisms in an ecosystem are called____
decomposers
Viruses are not considered to be alive because they cannot_____ reproduce
independently
The type of virus shown in Figure 20-4 is called a_____
In Figure 204- the structure labeled A is the_____
bacteriophage
head
_________can disrupt cellular homeostasis and can even lead to uncontrolled cell
division and the formation of cancers Viruses
In Linnaeus's system of classification, the two smallest categories are genus and
species
In systematics, the class Mammalia is grouped with the classes Aves, Repitlia,
Amphibia, and all classes of fishes into_____chordata
Phylum
Traditional classification is based on general similarities and differences among the
___________ of organisms body structures
_____ is the study of how living extinct organisms are related to each other.
phylogeny
Cladistic analysis relies on traits called ____________ that aris in a common ancestor
and are passed on to descendants.
derived characters
DNA analyses show that the _____ of many dissimilar organisms show similarities at
the molecular level genes
In cladistics analysis, similar genes that appear in dissimilar organisms indicate that
they share a common ________. ancestor
The six kingdoms of life include bacteria that have cell walls with peptidoglycan,
bacteria that have cell walls without peptidoglycan, protists, fungi, animals, and
_____ plants
Unlike the five kingdom system of classification, the six kingdom system breaks
_________ into two groups. bacteria
Eukaryotes that are not members of the plant, animal, and fungi kingdoms are
called _________.
protists
Amoebas move when _______ streams into a projection called a __________ and the
rest of the cell follows
cytoplasm, pseudopod
In Step 2 of figure 21-3 __________ of the micronucleus produces four __________
micronuclei meiosis, haploid
163. In ciliates __________ fuse with __________ which contain digestive enzymes that
break down food food vacuoles, lysosomes
164. Some protists Live in __________ relationships with other organisms, in which
both the protist and the other organism benefit
symbiotic