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Chui Wai
Student ID:
2012600412
Group Member:
Date of Experiment: 20/03/2014
Samantha Chan
Demonstrator:
Data Sheet
Sketch of Chromatograms
Ethyl
acetate
hexane
methanol
dichlorometh
toluene
ane
E: toluene
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CHEM 1042
Biphenyl
4-
Benzophen
Phenylphen
one
ol
(M)
(N)
(O)
38
25.5
46.5
46.5
46.5
0.817
0.172
0.548
Compone
Component
Component
nt 1
(if any)
(if any)
(if any)
38.5
7.5
25.5
26.5
37
47
47
47
47
47
47
0.14
0.81
0.160
0.543
0.564
0.787
(mm)
Distance traveled by solvent
from (mm)
Rf value
Identity
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M<O<N
b) The more polar the organic compound is, the smaller the Rf value of
the organic compound.
The silica gel is a polar compound and due to the theory of like
dissolve like, polar compounds tend to interact with polar
compounds. As the chosen solvent is non-polar, therefore the solvent
will not have interaction with silica gel.
M is a symmetrical compound which is non-polar, it is washed up by
the solvent without any attraction from silica gel, and thus it moved
up faster, having a large Rf.
However, N and O are polar compounds. The -OH bond in the
compound give N a high polarity. O is a symmetrical compound but it
has pairs of free electron from oxygen atom which makes O being
polarized.N is a linear structure and O is much bulky than N.
As a result, N has a greater polarity than O. As the solvent moving
up, N experience more attraction from the silica gel than O does and
hence move slower than N and therefore has a smaller Rf.
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1) UV fluorescence.
Not all chemical components are sensitive to the UV light and only the
sensitive one can be visualized. On the other hand, some chemicals are
very sensitive to the UV light and will immediately decomposed when
high energy UV light shined on it. UV light is harmful to the human body
which will cause skin cancer or skin burning.
Therefore, we better wear sun glass or goggles to protect our eyes and
wear gloves to protect out hands which will exposed under the UV light.
Switch off the device once you finished the experiment.
2) Iodine staining
Some chemical components does not react with Iodine and hence no
result will be observed. And iodine vaporized quickly. If the reaction time
between the chemical and iodine is slower than the vaporization speed
of the iodine, the result shown will not be accurate.
Iodine is toxic and cause harmful effect to the human body. So goggle is
needed to protect the eyes and gloves should be wore to avoid direct
contact between the hand skin and iodine. Also such process should
undergo inside a fume cupboard to prevent inhale the iodine vapour.
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A mixed solvent system is the solvent system with more than one
solvent mixed together with a fixed ratio.
Some compounds has similar solubility in the same solvent but different
solubility in another solvent. By using a mixed solvent system, a better
separation can be obtained.
Thus, a better recognition of components can be done. Also, using a
mixed solvent system, the polarity of solvent can be find tuned to an
appropriate polarity you want.
End
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CHEM 1042