Lindsay Jolly

3B
APUSH 1960s Study Guide - Vocabulary
John F. Kennedy - the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his
assassination in November 1963. Notable events that occurred during his presidency included the
Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Space Raceby initiating Project Apollo
(which later culminated in the moon landings), the building of the Berlin Wall, the AfricanAmerican Civil Rights Movement, and the increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
New Frontier - used by liberal, Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy in his
acceptance speech in the 1960 United States presidential election to the Democratic National
Convention as the Democratic slogan to inspire America to support him. The phrase developed
into a label for his administration's domestic and foreign programs.
Robert Kennedy - He served as a Senator for New York from 1965 until his assassination in
1968. He was previously the 64th U.S. Attorney General from 1961 to 1964, serving under his
older brother, President John F. Kennedy and his successor, President Lyndon B. Johnson. An
icon of modern American liberalism and member of the Democratic Party, Kennedy was a
leading candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in the 1968 election.
Warren Commission - was established by President Lyndon B. Johnson on November 29,
1963[1] to investigate the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy that had
taken place on November 22, 1963
Peace Corps - a volunteer program run by the United States government. The stated mission of
the Peace Corps includes providing technical assistance, helping people outside the United States
to understand American culture, and helping Americans to understand the cultures of other
countries.
Alliance for Progress - initiated by U.S. President John F. Kennedy in 1961 aimed to establish
economic cooperation between the U.S. and Latin America.
Bay of Pigs - was a failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the CIA-sponsored
paramilitary group Brigade 2506 on 17 April 1961.
Berlin Wall - a barrier that divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989, constructed by the German
Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off
(by land) West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin until it was opened
in November 1989
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) - was a 13-day confrontation in October 1962 between the United
States and the Soviet Union over Soviet ballistic missiles deployed in Cuba.

Flexible response - a defense strategy implemented by John F. Kennedy in 1961, it calls for
mutual deterrence at strategic, tactical, and conventional levels, giving the United States the
capability to respond to aggression across the spectrum of warfare, not limited only to nuclear
arms.
Johnson (POL/WXT)
Lyndon B. Johnson - was the 36th President of the United States (19631969)
Great Society - a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by President Lyndon B.
Johnson in 1964-65. The main goal was the elimination of poverty and racial injustice.
Michael Harrington - an American democratic socialist, writer, political activist, political
theorist, professor of political science, radio commentator and initiator of the Democratic
Socialists of America.
Medicare - a national social insurance program, administered by the U.S. federal government
since 1966, Medicare provides health insurance for Americans aged 65 and older
Medicaid - a social health care program for families and individuals with low income and limited
resources.
Ralph Nader - an American political activist, Areas of particular concern to Nader include
consumer protection, humanitarianism, environmentalism, and democratic government.[6]
Rachel Carson - was an American marine biologist and conservationist whose book Silent Spring
and other writings are credited with advancing the global environmental movement.
Civil Rights Act (1964) outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national
origin.
24th Amendment - prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in
federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax.
Voting Rights Act (1965) - prohibits racial discrimination in voting
Civil Rights (ID/POL)
James Meredith - s an American Civil Rights Movement figure, writer, political adviser and Air
Force veteran. In 1962, he became the first African-American student admitted to the segregated
University of Mississippi
March on Washington (1963) - one of the largest political rallies for human rights in United
States history[3] and called for civil and economic rights for African Americans

I Have a Dream speech - delivered by American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. on
August 28, 1963, in which he calls for an end to racism in the United States. Delivered to over
250,000 civil rights supporters from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the March on
Washington,
Montgomery March - 1965 were part of the Voting Rights Movement underway in Selma,
Alabama. By highlighting racial injustice in the South, they contributed to passage that year of
the Voting Rights Act,
Malcolm X - was an American Muslim minister and a human rights activist.
Congress of Racial Equality - a U.S. civil rights organization that played a pivotal role for
African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement. Founded in 1942
Stokely Carmichael - was a Trinidadian-American revolutionary active in the 1960s Civil Rights
Movement, and later, the global Pan-African movement.
Black Panthers - was a revolutionary black nationalist and socialist organization active in the
United States from 1966 until 1982
Watts Riots - were race riots that took place in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles from
August 11 to 17, 1965.
De facto segregation - Racial segregation is generally outlawed, but may exist de facto (in fact)
through social norms, even when there is no strong individual preference for it, as suggested by
Thomas Schelling's models of segregation and subsequent work.[4] Segregation may be
maintained by means ranging from discrimination in hiring and in the rental and sale of housing
to certain races to vigilante violence (such as lynchings)
Rights of Americans (POL) - guaranteed freedoms enjoyed by Americans
Gideon v. Wainwright - the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states are required under the
Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases to represent
defendants who are unable to afford to pay their own attorneys.
Escobedo v. Illinois - a United States Supreme Court case holding that criminal suspects have a
right to counsel during police interrogations under the Sixth Amendment.
Miranda v. Arizona - a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court. In a 54 majority,
the Court held that both inculpatory and exculpatory statements made in response to
interrogation by a defendant in police custody will be admissible at trial only if the prosecution
can show that the defendant was informed of the right to consult with an attorney before and
during questioning and of the right against self-incrimination before police questioning, and that
the defendant not only understood these rights, but voluntarily waived them.

Reappointment - to be appointed to the same office 2 or more times

Baker v. Carr - a landmark United States Supreme Court case that retreated from the Court's
political question doctrine, deciding that redistricting (attempts to change the way voting districts
are delineated) issues present justiciable questions, thus enabling federal courts to intervene in
and to decide redistricting cases.
Social Conflict (ID/CUL)
Students for a Democratic Society - a student activist movement in the United States that was
one of the main representations of the New Left.
New Left - a political movement in the 1960s and 1970s consisting of educators, agitators and
others who sought to implement a broad range of reforms on issues such as gay rights, abortion,
gender roles, and drugs,
Weathermen - was an American radical left-wing organization founded on the Ann Arbor campus
of the University of Michigan
Counterculture - a subculture whose values and norms of behavior differ substantially from those
of mainstream society, often in opposition to mainstream cultural mores
Woodstock - was a music festival, billed as "An Aquarian Exposition: 3 Days of Peace &
Music".
Betty Friedan - was an American writer, activist, and feminist.
National Organization for Women - is an American feminist organization founded in 1966.
Equal Pay Act (1963) - is a United States federal law amending the Fair Labor Standards Act,
aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex
Equal Rights Amendment - was a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution
designed to guarantee equal rights for women.
Vietnam to 1969 (WOR)
Tonkin Gulf Resolution- nacted August 10, 1964, was a joint resolution that the United States
Congress passed on August 7, 1964, in response to the Gulf of Tonkin incident. It is of historical
significance because it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal
declaration of war by Congress, for the use of "conventional'' military force in Southeast Asia
General Westmoreland - was in command of all US military operations in the Vietnam War from
1964 to 1968,

Tet Offensive - was one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War, launched on
January 30, 1968 by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam
against the forces of South Vietnam, the United States,
1968 Election (POL)
Eugene McCarthy - an American politician, poet, and a long-time member of the United States
Congress from Minnesota. In the 1968 presidential election, McCarthy was the first candidate to
challenge incumbent Lyndon B. Johnson for the Democratic nomination for president of the
United States, running on an anti-Vietnam War platform.
RFK assassination - took place shortly after midnight on June 5, 1968, in Los Angeles,
California, during the campaign season for the United States Presidential election, 1968.
Chicago Convention - The 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, Illinois, from
August 26 to August 29, 1968. 10,000 demonstrators gathered in Chicago for the convention
where they were met by 23,000 police and National Guardsmen
George Wallace - was an American politician and the 45th Governor of Alabama, having served
two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms as a Democrat: 19631967, 19711979
and 19831987, He is remembered for his Southern populist and segregationist attitudes during
the mid-20th century period of the African-American civil rights movement