Chapter 5 (Effect of Density On Draft & Displacement)

CHAPTER 5
EFFECT OF DENSITY ON DRAFT & DISPLACEMENT

Chapter 5
Effect of Density on Draft & Displacement
Exercise -5
Answer 1
Given:1. Displacement = 16000t
2. TPC
= 20t/cm
3. DraftSW
= 8m
FWA
= Displacement
40 * TPC
FWA
= 16000
40 * 20
FWA
= 20cms / 0.2m
Draft in SW + FWA
= Draft in FW
8m + 0.2m
= Draft in FW
8.2m
= Draft in FW
Draft in FW is 8.2m
Answer 2
Given:1. RD of DW
2. FWA
RD of SW
= 1.008
= 180mm
= 1.025
DWA = (Difference in Density) * FWA

0.025
DWA = (1.025 1.008) * 180
0.025
DWA = 122.4mm/ 12.24cm
Change in draft = 12.24cms
Page 1 of 21
CHAPTER 5
The vessel will rise it will move from lesser density to higher density.
Answer 3
Given:1. RD of water
2. FWA
= 1.01
= 160mm
RD of FW = 1.000
DWA
= Difference in Density * FWA

0.025
DWA
= (1.010 1.000) * 160

0.025
DWA = 64mm/ 6.4cms

Change in draft is 6.4 cms
The vessel will sink as it is moving from greater density to lesser density.
Answer 4
Given:1. FWA = 175mm
2. RD1 = 1.006
3. RD2 = 1.018
DWA = Difference in density * FWA
0.025
DWA = (1.018 1.006) * 175
0.025
DWA = 0.012 * 175
0.025
DWA = 84mm/ 8.4cms
Change in draft = 8.4cms
The vessel will rise as it is moving from lesser density to higher density.
Page 2 of 21
CHAPTER 5
Answer 5
2. TPC
= 25t/cm
3. RD1
= 1.018
RD of SW = 1.025
FWA = Displacement
40 * TPC
FWA = 18000
40 * 25
FWA = 18cms/ 180mm
DWA = Change in Density * FWA
0.025
DWA = (1.025-1.018) * 180
0.025
DWA = 0.007 * 180
0.025
DWA = 50.4mm/ 5.04cms
Her loadline can be immersed by 5.04cms
Answer 6
Given:1. Dimensions of vessels = 20m * 4m * 2m
2. Draft in SW
= 1.05m
3. RD of DW
= 1.012
20m
2m
1.05m
4m
RD =1.012
Page 3 of 21
CHAPTER 5
RD of SW
= Displacement of vessel
Underwater Volume
RD of SW
L * B * draft in SW
1.025
20 * 4 * 1.05
1.025 * 20 * 4 * 1.05
86.1 t
DISPLACEMENT OF VESSEL REMAINS CONSTANT

RD of DW
Underwater Volume
RD of DW
L * B * Draft in DW
1.012
86.1
20 * 4 * Draft in DW
1.012 * 20 * 4 * draft in DW = 86.1

Draft in DW =
86.1
1.012 * 20 * 4
Draft in DW = 1.063m
Answer 7
Given:1. Dimensions of vessel = 18m * 5m * 2m
2. RD of DW
= 1.000
3. Draft at RD1.000 = 1.4m
18m
2m
1.4m
5m
RD =1.000
Page 4 of 21
CHAPTER 5
RD of SW
= 1.025
RD of DW
Underwater Volume
RD of DW
L * B * draftDW
1.000
18 * 5 * 1.4
1.000 * 18 * 5 * 1.4 = Displacement of vessel

126 t
WE KNOW THAT DISPLACEMENT OF THE VESSEL WILL REMAIN CONSTANT

RD of SW
Underwater Volume
RD of SW
L * B * DraftSW
1.025 =
126
18 * 5 * draftSW
DraftSW =
126
18 * 5 * 1.025
DraftSW = 1.366m
Total height of vessel
= draft + freeboard
2m = 1.366m + freeboard
0.634m = freeboard
Total volume of the vessel
=L*B*H
= 18 * 5 * 2
= 180m3
Volume of vessel above water line
= L * B * freeboard
= 18 * 5 * 0.634
= 57.06 m3
%Reserve Buoyancy
= Volume of vessel above water line * 100

Total Volume
Page 5 of 21
CHAPTER 5
% Reserve Buoyancy
= 57.06 * 100
180
%Reserve Buoyancy
= 31.7%
Percentage of reserve buoyancy is 31.7%

Answer 8
Given:1. DraftSW = 5m
2. Displacement = 3000t
3. Draft at RD 1.018 = 5m
RD of SW = 1.025
RD of SW
Underwater Volume
1.025
=
3000
Underwater Volume
Underwater Volume
= 3000
1.025
Underwater Volume
=2926.829m3
We know that at same draft, the underwater volume remains constant

RD of DW
Underwater Volume
1.018
2926.829
2979.5t
Displacement of vessel when afloat at 5m draft in water of RD 1.018 is 2979.5t.
Answer 9
Given:1. Displacement of vessel at FW = 4500t
2. RD of DW = 1.020
RD of FW
Underwater Volume
Page 6 of 21
CHAPTER 5
1.000
=
4500
Underwater Volume
Underwater Volume = 4500m3

We know that at same draft underwater volume remains constant
RD of DW
Underwater Volume
1.020
4500
4590t
Displacement of the vessel in RD 1.020 at the same draft as in FW is 4590t.
Answer 10
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
Length of vessel
Breath of vessel
Block Coefficient (CB)
Draft SW
RD of FW
= 100m
= 20m
= 0.8
= 8.0m
= 1.000
Underwater Volume
= L * B * DraftSW * CB
Underwater Volume
= 100 * 20 * 8 * 0.8
Underwater Volume
= 12800m3
RD of SW
= Displacement of vesselSW
Underwater Volume
1.025
12800
13120t
We know that underwater volume at same draft remains constant

RD of FW
= Displacement of vesselFW
Underwater Volume
1.000
= Displacement of vesselFW
12800
Page 7 of 21
CHAPTER 5
1.000 * 12800 = Displacement of vessel FW
12800t
= Displacement of vessel FW
Difference in Displacement = DisplacementSW Displacement FW

Difference in Displacement = 13120t 12800t
Difference in Displacement = 320t
Difference in displacement when floating at the same draft in FW is 320t.
Answer 11
2. Till winter load line
3. RD of DW = 1.010
RD of SW
= Displacement of vessel SW
Underwater Volume
1.025
=
14500t
Underwater Volume
Underwater Volume
= 14500
1.025
Underwater Volume
= 14146.341m3
We know that, at same draft the underwater volume remains constant.

RD of DW
= Displacement of vessel DW
Underwater Volume
1.01
14146.341
1.01 * 14146.341= Displacement of vessel DW

14287.8 t
Max cargo that can be loaded = Displacement of vessel SW Displacement of vessel DW

Max cargo that can be loaded = 14500t 14287.8t
Max cargo that can be loaded = 212.2
She can load 212.2 t of cargo so that she would float at winter load line in SW.
Page 8 of 21
CHAPTER 5
Answer 12
Given:1. Displacement of vesselSW = 12000t
2. Draft SW = 10.0m
3. DW RD = 1.012
RD of SW = 1.025
RD of SW
Underwater Volume
1.025
12000
Underwater Volume
Underwater Volume
= 12000
1.025
Underwater volume
= 11707.317m3
We know that at same draft, underwater volume remains constant.

RD of DW
Underwater Volume
1.012 = Displacement of vessel DW

11707.317
1.012 * 11707.317 = Displacement of vessel DW
Displacement of vessel DW = 11847.8t
Cargo to discharge = Displacement of vessel SW Displacement of vessel DW
Cargo to discharge = 12000t 11847.8t
Cargo to discharge = 152.2t
She should discharge 152.2 t so that her draft in an upriver port of RD 1.012 would be 10.0m
Answer 13
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
RD of DW = 1.005
Upper edge of summer loadline in water line to stbd
Upper edge of summer loadline 50mm above water line to port
FWA = 180mm
TPC = 24t/cm
Page 9 of 21
CHAPTER 5
PORT SIDE
STBD SIDE
TF
TF
F
L
WNA
F
L
50mm
WNA
Arithmetic mean draft = 50mm+ 0mm

2
Arithmetic mean draft = 50mm
2
Arithmetic mean draft = 25 mm above water line
Summer load line is 25mm above water line
DWA = (RDSW RDDW) * FWA
0.025
DWA = (1.025 1.005) * 180
0.025
DWA = 0.02 * 180
0.025
DWA = 144mm/14.4cms
Max permissible sinkage = Arithmetic Mean Draft + DWA
Max permissible sinkage = 2.5cms + 14.4cms
Max permissible sinkage = 16.9cms
Cargo to load = Max permissible sinkage * TPC
Cargo to load = 16.9 * 24
Cargo to load = 405.6t
Cargo that can be loaded in the vessel to bring her to her permissible draft is 405.6t.
Page 10 of 21
CHAPTER 5
Answer 14
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Draft of vessel = 7.8m

RD of DW = 1.010
TPC = 18t/cm
FWA = 250mm
Max permissible draft SW =8m

0.025
DWA = (1.025 1.010) * 250
0.025
DWA = 0.015 * 250
0.025
DWA = 150mm/15.0cms
Change in draft = Max permissible draft initial draft
Change in draft = 8m 7.8m
Change in draft = 0.2m
Permissible sinkage = Change in draft + DWA
Permissible sinakge = 0.2m + 0.15m
Permissible sinakge = 0.35m/35cms
TPCDW = TPCSW * RDDW
RDSW
TPCDW = 18 * 1.01
1.025
TPCDW = 17.737t/cm
DWT Available = Permissible sinkage * TPC DW
DWT Available = 35 * 17.737
DWT Available = 620.8t
DWT Available is 620.8t
Page 11 of 21
CHAPTER 5
Answer 15
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Statutory freeboard = 2m
RD of DW = 1.015
Freeboard = 2.1m
TPCSW = 24t/cm
FWA = 200mm

RDSW
TPCDW = 24 * 1.015
1.025
TPCDW = 23.768t/cm
0.025
DWA = (1.025 1.015) * 200
0.025
DWA = 0.010 * 200
0.025
DWA = 80mm/8.0cms
Change in draft required = Freeboard Statutory freeboard
Change in draft required = 2.1m 2m
Change in draft required = 0.1m/10cms
Permissible sinkage = change in draft + DWA
Permissible sinkage = 10cms + 8 cms
Permissible sinkage = 18cms
DWT available = Permissible sinkage * TPCDW
DWT available = 18 * 23.768
DWT available = 427.8t
DWT available is 427.8t
Page 12 of 21
CHAPTER 5
Answer 16
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
RD of river birth = 1.01

Summer load line 20mm above water on stbd side
Summer load line 50mm above water on port side
Summer displacement = 15000t
TPC = 25t/cm
PORT SIDE
STBD SIDE
TF
TF
F
L
T
20mm
W
WNA
L
50mm
W
WNA

2
2
Summer load line is 35mm above water line
FWA = Displacement
40 * TPC
FWA = 15000
40 * 25
FWA = 15cms
0.025
DWA = (1.025 1.01) * 150
0.025
Page 13 of 21
CHAPTER 5
DWA = 0.015 * 150
0.025
DWA = 90mm/9cms
RDSW
TPCDW = 25 * 1.01
1.025
TPCDW = 24.634t/cm
Max permissible sinkage = Arithmetic Mean Draft + DWA
Max permissible sinkage = 3.5cms + 9cms
Cargo to load = 12.5 * 24.634
Cargo to load = 307.9t
Cargo that can be loaded in the vessel to bring her to her permissible draft is 307.9t.
Page 14 of 21
CHAPTER 5
Answer 17
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
RD of DW = 1.005
Stbd WNA 30mm below water line
Port WNA 60 mm below line
Summer water draft = 8.4m
TPC = 30t/cm
FWA = 160mm
PORT SIDE
STBD SIDE
TF
TF
F
L
30mm
F
L
60mm
WNA
WNA

2
2
Arithmetic mean draft = 45 mm below water line
Winter North Atlantic load line is 45mm below water line
Distance between WNA and winter load line = 50mm
Winter load line = 50mm 45mm above water line
Winter load line = 5mm above water line
Distance between summer load line and winter load line = 1 * Summer draft
48
Distance between summer load line and winter load line = 1 * 8.4m
48
Page 15 of 21
CHAPTER 5
Distance between summer load line and winter load line =0.175m/17.5cms
0.025
DWA = (1.025 1.005) * 160
0.025
DWA = 0.020 * 160
0.025
DWA = 128mm/12.8cms
Max permissible sinkage = DWA + Distance between Summer load line and winter load line +
Distance between Winter load line and water line
Max permissible sinkage = 12.8cms + 17.5cms + 0.5cms
RDSW
TPCDW = 30 * 1.005
1.025
TPCDW = 29.415t/cm
Cargo to load = 30.8 * 29.415
Cargo to load = 906t
Cargo that can be loaded in the vessel to bring her to her permissible draft is 906 t.
Page 16 of 21
CHAPTER 5
Answer 18
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
Stbd WNA 60mm above water line

Port WNA 20 mm below line
Summer water draft = 8.4m
TPC = 30t/cm
PORT SIDE
STBD SIDE
TF
TF
F
L
F
L
20mm
60mm
WNA
WNA
Arithmetic mean draft = 60mm - 20mm

2
2
Winter North Atlantic load line is 20mm above water line
Distance between summer load line and winter load line = 1 * Summer draft
48
Distance between summer load line and winter load line = 1 * 7.2m
48
Distance between summer load line and winter load line =0.15m/15cms
Distance between tropical load line and summer load line = 1 * Summer draft
48
Distance between tropical load line and summer load line = 1 * 7.2m
48
Page 17 of 21
CHAPTER 5
Distance between tropical load line and summer load line =0.15m/15cms
Max permissible sinkage = Distance between Summer load line and winter load line + Distance
between tropical load line and summer load line + Distance between Winter load line and water line
Max permissible sinkage = 15cms + 15cms + 2cms
Max permissible sinkage = 32cms
Cargo to load = 32 * 20
Cargo to load = 640t
Cargo that can be loaded in the vessel to bring her to her permissible draft is 640 t.
Answer 19
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Port freeboard = 3cms

Stbd freeboard = 2.9cms
RD of DW = 1.020
FWA = 200mm
TPC = 30t/cm
Statutory summer freeboard = 2.8m
PORT SIDE
STBD SIDE
2.8m
2.9m
F
L
TF
TF
WNA
2.8m
3m
F
L
WNA
Page 18 of 21
CHAPTER 5
Arithmetic Mean freeboard = Port freeboard + Stbd freeboard
2
Arithmetic Mean freeboard = 3.0 + 2.9
2
Arithmetic Mean freeboard = 2.95m
Change in draft required = Arithmetic mean freeboard Statutory summer freeboard
Change in draft required = 2.95m 2.8m
Change in draft required = 0.15m/15cms
0.025
DWA = (1.025 1.020) * 200
0.025
DWA = 0.005 * 200
0.025
DWA = 40mm/4cms
Max permissible sinkage = change in draft required + DWA
Max permissible sinkage = 15cms + 4cms
Max permissible sinkage = 19cms
RDSW
TPCDW = 30 * 1.020
1.025
TPCDW = 29.854t/cm
Deadweight available = TPCDW + Max permissible sinkage
Deadweight available = 29.854 * 19
Deadweight available = 567.2t
Page 19 of 21
CHAPTER 5
Answer 20
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Port freeboard = 1.68m

Stbd freeboard = 1.79m
RD of DW = 1.017
Tropical SW freeboard = 1.63m
Tropical SW draft = 9.6m
FWA = 150mm
TPC = 20.4t/cm
PORT SIDE
STBD SIDE
TF
1.63m
1.63m
1.79m
F
L
WNA
TF
1.68m
F
L
WNA
Arithmetic Mean freeboard = Port freeboard + Stbd freeboard

2
Arithmetic Mean freeboard = 1.68 + 1.79
2
Arithmetic Mean freeboard = 1.735m
Change in draft required = Arithmetic mean freeboard Tropical SW freeboard
Change in draft required = 1.735m 1.63m
Change in draft required = 0.105m/10.5cms
0.025
DWA = (1.025 1.017) * 150
0.025
Page 20 of 21
CHAPTER 5
DWA = 0.008 * 150
0.025
DWA = 48mm/4.8cms
Max permissible sinkage = change in draft required + DWA
Max permissible sinkage = 10.5cms + 4.8cms
RDSW
TPCDW = 20.4 * 1.017
1.025
TPCDW = 20.241t/cm
Deadweight available = TPCDW + Max permissible sinkage
Deadweight available = 20.241 * 15.3
Deadweight available = 309.7t
Page 21 of 21

Chapter 5 (Effect of Density On Draft & Displacement)

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Chapter 5 (Effect of Density On Draft & Displacement)

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CHAPTER 5

EFFECT OF DENSITY ON DRAFT & DISPLACEMENT

DWA = (Difference in Density) * FWA

= Difference in Density * FWA

= (1.010 1.000) * 160

DWA = 64mm/ 6.4cms

DISPLACEMENT OF VESSEL REMAINS CONSTANT

1.012 * 20 * 4 * draft in DW = 86.1

1.000 * 18 * 5 * 1.4 = Displacement of vessel

WE KNOW THAT DISPLACEMENT OF THE VESSEL WILL REMAIN CONSTANT

Total volume of the vessel

Total volume of the vessel

Volume of vessel above water line

Volume of vessel above water line

Volume of vessel above water line

= Volume of vessel above water line * 100

Percentage of reserve buoyancy is 31.7%

We know that at same draft, the underwater volume remains constant

Displacement of vessel when afloat at 5m draft in water of RD 1.018 is 2979.5t.

Underwater Volume = 4500m3

Displacement of the vessel in RD 1.020 at the same draft as in FW is 4590t.

We know that underwater volume at same draft remains constant

Difference in Displacement = DisplacementSW Displacement FW

We know that, at same draft the underwater volume remains constant.

1.01 * 14146.341= Displacement of vessel DW

Max cargo that can be loaded = Displacement of vessel SW Displacement of vessel DW

We know that at same draft, underwater volume remains constant.

1.012 = Displacement of vessel DW

Arithmetic mean draft = 50mm+ 0mm

Draft of vessel = 7.8m

DWA = (RDSW RDDW) * FWA

TPCDW = TPCSW * RDDW

RD of river birth = 1.01

Arithmetic mean draft = 20mm+ 50mm

Arithmetic mean draft = 30mm+ 60mm

Stbd WNA 60mm above water line

Arithmetic mean draft = 60mm - 20mm

Port freeboard = 3cms

Port freeboard = 1.68m

Arithmetic Mean freeboard = Port freeboard + Stbd freeboard

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