Reference

Calculation

Output

Design of Box Culvert

Ground Level

X
hs

B
H

hw

hw

h
l

hs

Figure 01
Dimentional Properties
h

1.2

1.5

7.2

Safe Bearing Pressure

150 kN/m2

Section Thickness
Main R/F
Cover to R/F
Grade of Concrete

0.2

=
=

12 mm
45 mm
25 N/mm2

24 kN/m3

20

'

Soil Cover ,

( hw , h

span/(10 ~15))

Properties of Soil
kN/m3

9.81 kN/m3
25

1 - Permanent Loads
1.1

Dead Loads
The nominal dead doad consist of the weight of the materials and the
part of the structure

Structural

Unit Weight of Concrete shall be taken as 24 kN/m3

Engineering

Becouse of the arching of soil, check whether the depth above culvert is

Design in

> 3 x width of culvert ( in which case limit depth to 3 x width )

preactice
(Roger -

Depth of cover (H)

westbrook)

3 x width

(page-94)

=
=

3 x width < =

Depth limited to

7.2
3

m
1.6

4.8

7.2

4.8 m

4.8

So

Surcharge on Roof
Surcharge Presure (qr)
qr

Soil
Engineering
(Spangler &
Handy)

96

20
kN/m2

Casses of conduit installation consider as Ditch Conduit

Ditch Conduit
A ditch conduit is defined as one which is instaled in a relatively narrow
ditch dug in passive or undisturbed soil and wich is then covered with earth
backfill.

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code

Ceylon Electricity Board

C
E
B

Dam Safety
Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance

Reference

Calculation

S.M.P

Date 31.05.2010
Date
Page
1
Output

Maximum load on ditch condition

Depth of cover

7.2

Surcharge on Roof
Surcharge Presure (qr)
(qr)
= Cd..Bd2
Cd

1-e-2K'(H/Bd)
2.K.'

'

tan '

1-sin
1+sin

'

coedicient of friction between fill material

and side of ditch

Active Lateral earth pressure coeficient

Bd

Horizontal width of ditch at top of conduit

Unit weight (wet density) of filling material

Height of fill above top of conduite

Cd

Load coeficient for ditch condition

So, K

1-sin

Bd =

3.60 m, Consider 1m length of Roof slab

1+sin
=
'

=
=

2.K.'.(H/Bd) =
Cd

Structural

1.2

0.406
tan '
0.466
0.76

1.403

(qr)

Cd..Bd2

(qr)

101.0

kN/m2

Horizontal Earth Pressure

Engineering

Design in

If the backfill properties are known,

preactice

If wall friction is to be ignored

(Roger westbrook)

K0

1-sin '

0.577

(page-94)

Ka

( 1-sin ' ) / ( 1+sin ' )

0.406

( = 0 )

q max

= .Ka.h
=
20 x 0.41 x
= 73.9 kN/m2

qep

=
20 x 0.41 x
= 15.42
kN/m2

q
q

= qmax - qep
=
58.44 kN/m2

Doc. No.
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Checked
Job Code

Ceylon Electricity Board

C
E
B

Dam Safety
Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance

Reference

Calculation

9.1

1.9

S.M.P

Date 31.05.2010
Date
Page
1
Output

AASHTO

2 - Vertical Live Loads

3.7.1
For Fill Depths H 8 feet (2400 mm) and Culvert Clear Span Length,
The effect of live load is neglected in design when the depth of fill is more than

8 feet
3 - Hydrostatic Pressure (Internal)

q ip

= C.h
= 9.81 x
1.7
= 16.68
kN/m2

4 - Analysis
Reinforced
Concrete

Constant K

Designers

hs
hw

Manual
(ref-5.1)

1.21

k1
k3

=
=

K+1
K+3

=
=

2.21
4.21

k5
k7

2K+3

5.43

=
=

2K+7

9.43

3K+8

11.64

k8

4.1

Load Case -01 Testing Condition

4.1.1 Hydrostatic Pressure-(Internal)

Reinforced

MB = qip.h .K.k7
60.k1.k3
= 0.99 kN.m/m

MC =

MD = Ma. K8
k7
= 1.217 kN.m/m

Concrete
qip

Designers

MA =

Manual
C

(ref-5.1)

q = qip
Pressures

B.M.D

4.1.2 Flexure due to weight of wall

Wall weight ( G )

=
=

hw..h

q1 = 2.G
l.hw

8.2 kN/m

10.20 kN/m2

Reinforced
A

Concrete

MA =

2
MB = q1.l .K
12.k1.k3
= 0.22 kN.m/m

MC =

MD = Ma. K5
K
=
-0.97

Designers
G

Manual

(ref-5.1)

D
q1
Pressures

B.M.D

kN.m/m

4.1.3 Flexure due to weight of Roof

q

C
E
B

hs.c

4.8

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Reference

Calculation
A

kN/m2

S.M.P

Date 31.05.2010
Date
Page
2
Output

MA =

MC =

MD

= q.l
12.k1
=
-0.35

D
q = q1
Pressures

MB =

B.M.D

kN.m/m

Addition of moment for Load case 01

Position

Hydrostatic

ulsMb

Walls

Roof

Walls +
Roof

ulsMb

Total
uls

A and B

0.99

1.4

1.38

0.22

-0.35

-0.14

1.4

-0.19

1.19

C and D

1.22

1.4

1.70

-0.97

-0.35

-1.32

1.4

-1.85

-0.15

Roof midSpan

0.99

1.4

1.38

0.22

1.04

1.4

1.45

2.83

Base midSpan

1.22

1.4

1.70

**
1.53

0.82

2.35

1.4

3.29

5.00

Walls
middle

*
-2.06

1.4

-2.88

-0.38

-0.35

-0.73

1.4

-1.02

-3.90

**
0.82

**

Table - 01
Fixed end mement of the wall for Hydrostatic load
MA

MC

W.L

W.L

2.41 kN.m/m

W.L

15
=

10

1.607 kN.m/m

Maximum (-ve) moment

(Where x is 0.45L from C)

23.3
=

-1.0 kN.m/m

* Calculation of moment at mid span of walls done by aproximatly by adding

moment transferred to mid span from FEM to the Maximum negative meoment
occurred at 0.45L after moment distribution
** Moment at mid span of the wall is calculated by considering full bending
Calculation of midspan moment due to wall load
Niutral axis depth from A
4.2

0.26 m

Load Case -02 Culvert empty and trench filled

Lateral soil pressurees giving rise to flexture in the structure

"q"is the rectanguler pressure and "qep" is the triangular pressure
4.2.1 Trianguler Pressure,qep
Reinforced
Concrete

MA =

2
MB = qep.h .K.k7
60.k1.k3
= -0.91 kN.m/m

MC =

MD = MA. K8
k7
= -1.13 kN.m/m

Designers
Manual
(ref-5.1)
qep

qep

C
E
B

Pressures

B.M.D

Doc. No.
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Reference

S.M.P

Calculation
4.2.2 Surcharge on walls,q

MA =

MB =

MC =

MD

Date 31.05.2010
Date
Page
3
Output

Reinforced
Concrete
Designers
Manual
(ref-5.1)

2
= q.h .K
12.k1
= -7.72 kN.m/m
4.2.3 Surcharge on Roof ,qr
MA = MB = MC = MD
2
= q.l
12.k1
=
-7.45 kN.m/m
Addition of moment for Load Case 2

D
B.M.D

Pressures
A

D
B.M.D

Pressures

Total
Walls & Surcharg Roof(LC-1) e (Roof) (Survice)

Posotion

qep

A and B

-0.91

-7.72

-0.14

-7.45

-16.22

1.4

-22.70

C and D

-1.13

-7.72

-1.32

-7.45

-17.62

1.4

-24.66

Roof mid-Span

-0.91

-7.72

1.04

17.29

9.70

1.4

13.58

Base midSpan

-1.13

-7.72

2.35

17.29

10.80

1.4

15.12

-0.73

-7.45

6.65

1.4

9.31

Walls middle

**

1.43

13.39

Total

U.L.S.

Fixed end mement of the wall due to qep

MA

MC

W.L

15
=

10

1.486 kN.m/m

Maximum (-ve) moment

(Where x is 0.45L from C)

2.229 kN.m/m
W.L
23.3

=
4.2

W.L

-1.0 kN.m/m

Load Case -03

4.2.1 This is load case 02 + Hydrostatic load from Load case 01

C
E
B

Posotion

L.C.02
(Service)

Hydrost.
(Service)

Total
(Service)

L.C.02
(U.L.S.)

Hydrost.
(U.L.S.)

A and B

-16.22

0.99

-15.23

-22.70

1.38

-21.32

C and D

-17.62

1.22

-16.40

-24.66

1.70

-22.96

Roof mid-Span

9.70

0.99

10.69

13.58

1.38

14.96

Base midSpan

10.80

1.22

12.02

15.12

1.70

16.83

Walls middle

6.65

-2.06

4.59

9.31

-2.88

6.43

Doc. No.
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Reference

Calculation
5 - Check on ground safe bearing pressure
5.1

Load Case -01

Total

(U.L.S.)

S.M.P

Date 31.05.2010
Date
Page
4
Output

Hydrostatic Pressure

16.68

kN/m2

Weight of walls

10.20

kN/m2

Weight of Roof + Floor

9.60

kN/m2

Total Pressure

36.48

Weight of walls

10.20

kN/m2

Weight of Roof + Floor

9.60

kN/m2

Surcharge on Roof
Total Pressure

=
=

96.00

kN/m2

115.80

Weight of walls

10.20

kN/m2

Weight of Roof + Floor

9.60

kN/m2

Surcharge on Roof
Hydrostatic Pressure

=
=

96.00

kN/m2

16.68

kN/m2

Total Pressure

122.28

Total Pressure
5.2

kN/m2
hence ok

150 kN/m2

Load Case -02

Total Pressure
5.3

<

<

kN/m2
hence ok

150 kN/m2

Load Case -03

Total Pressure

<

150 kN/m2

kN/m2
hence ok

6 - U.L.S. of Flexture
Maximum Moments kN.m/m
Member

Hogging

Roof

-22.70

(L.C-01)

Walls

-24.66

Base

-24.66

Sagging
14.96

(L.C-03)

(L.C-02)

9.31

(L.C-02)

(L.C-02)

16.83

(L.C-03)

i - Slabs
Maximum Moment

C
E
B

kN.m/m

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code

Dam Safety
Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance

Reference

24.15

Calculation
66.1

Design Calculation for Box Culvert

U.L.S. of Flexture

Analysis was carried out for several load cases of various loading

S.M.P

Date 31.05.2010
Date
Page
5
Output

arrangements to find out the maximum effect on the Box culvert

Diameter of main reinforcement

Diameter of secondary reinforcement

Section Thickness

Maximum Bending Moment

mm
mm
200 mm
12
12

24.15

Assume severe environment condition, for driving rain

=
Cover
45
=

Effective depth, d

200

45 -

kN.m/m

mm

= 149

mm

= 149
k

mm
2
M
/
(bd
fcu)
=

= (24.15x10 /(1000x149 x25)

=

0.044

< 0.156

Hence no compression r/f is required

M
z

= (0.87fy)Asz
= (1 - 1.1fyAs/ fcubd) d
z
z

equation 1
equation 5

from these two equations

= d (0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)1/2
1/2
= d [0.5+(0.25-0.044/0.9)
=

141.41

Take Z as 0.95d
Z = 0.95

= 0.95

< 0.950 d

149

= 142

mm

6.1.1 Design of main reinforcement

As = M / 0.87fyz
= 24.15 x106 / 0.87x460x142
=
Use

As req

mm /m
12 @ 250
( As
426

=
mm2/m

426
=

452

mm2/m

As pro

452
Minimum area of main rainforcement for slabs
100As / bad
= 100x452/(1000x149)

= 0.30

## 0.13

mm2/m

Main r/f
T

12

250

Hence o.k

6.2

Design for Shear Reinforcement

Check shear in U.L.S. on roof and floor slabs

Take Load case 02
Shear across support
=
( 115.80 - Wt of Base x f )
= 109.08 kN/m2
Therefore shear in the support =
=

C
E
B

109.08 x 1.2 /2
65.45 kN/m
Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code

Dam Safety
Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance

Reference

Calculation
Design shear force, V design

65.45 kN/m

=
149 mm
Tension steel across shear plane = Y12 -250 c/c

Effective depth, d

100 As/bd

100 x 452

S.M.P

Date 31.05.2010
Date
Page
6
Output

=
BS 8110

Effective depth

vc

Part 01
table 3.1
Design shear stress

= 149 mm
1/3.
1/4
= 0.79x{(100As/bd) (400/d) /1.25
= 0.54
= V/bd
= (65.45x103)/(1000x149)
=

6.3
Bs 8110

1000x149
0.30

0.44 N/mm2

<

vc

Hence o.k

Check in U.L.S. on the ability of the wall to trasmit the axial loads

Treat as a column with bending at right angle to wall

Check h/hw

3.9.3.6.2
3.4.4.1

=
=

1.7 /
0.2
8.5 <
12
hence column is short

BS 8110 indicates that the effect of the axial load may be ignored if this force does
not exceed 0.1.fcu.(c.s.a.)

hence

0.1.fcu.(C.S.A)

=
=

Ultimate Load /m/Wall

0.1 x

30

600

kN/m

200

1/2( 96.0 x
+

1.7

0.2

120 kN/m <

x 1.4
1.7

x 24x1.4 )

600 kN/m

hence o.k.
The above calculation assumes that the wall is cosidered as reignfoced and not
mass concrete
vertical R/F provided

so Area
Percentage of Concrete area

12

1131.0 mm2

1131.0 x
1000 x

=
This is

C
E
B

>

100
0.4 %

hence o.k.

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code

Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance

Calculation

2 Layers

149

0.759 % >

Minimum of 0.4%

Dam Safety

Reference

200

S.M.P

Date 31.05.2010
Date
Page
7
Output

C
E
B

Dam Safety
Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code

S.M.P

Date 31.05.2010
Date
Page
8