16 Tenses in English

Program Sarjana Teknik Elektro

UNIVERSITAS JEMBER

Mata Kuliah
Nama Lengkap
NIM
Dosen
Kelas
Judul Makalah

: Bahasa Inggris Teknik

: Richard Juliano
: 141910201041
: Ahmad Ridho Rojabi,S.Pd,M.Pd
: Bahasa Inggris Teknik (C)
: 16 Tenses in English

PROLOGUE

The author praises and thanks giving pray Allah SWT for all His mercy and
grace so that authors can complete a paper for English course work, entitled
"16 ENGLISH tenses" just in time.
The author would like to thank all those who have helped to motivate and give
useful suggestions that authors can make this paper as well. In particular, authors
thank Mr. Ahmad Ridho Rojabi,S.Pd,M.Pd as a lecturer in English who has
been given the task of this paper. Thereby increasing knowledge about the author
that there are 16 tenses in English.
In this paper I will discuss about the various and use of tenses in English.
Tenses is the syntax. As we know, tenses are important in learning English,
or the use of English in all respects. Therefore I would like to discuss about
the tenses so that we better understand about the tenses, so we did not err in
applying the English language.
Like the Indonesian language, we must consider the use of tenses in a
sentence. What should we say if you make a sentence which we do, we're
doing, and we will do. In English, the pattern of negative and positive
sentences are different, there is the addition of the words in the pattern of
negative sentences. Not much different from Indonesian, English only more
specific in the use of the word. Okay, let's start discussing about the tenses.
The author realized that the paper is still far from perfect, for that author
expects criticism and constructive suggestions for the perfection of this
paper. Hopefully this paper is particularly useful to readers and fellow
students in general.

Jember,17 September 2014

Author
DAFTAR ISI

Contents
PROLOGUE...........................................................................................1
DAFTAR ISI..........................................................................................2
BAB II 16 ENGLISH TENSES TIMELINE ..................................................12
II.1
Simple Present Tenses........................................................12
II.2
Present Continuous /Progressive Tenses..............................13
II.3
Present Perpect Tense........................................................13
II.4
Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive..............................14
II.5
Simple Past tense...............................................................15
II.6
Countinuous or Progressive Tense.......................................16
II.7
Past Perfect Tenses............................................................16
II.8
Past Perfect Continuous/Progessive Tense...........................17
II.9
Future tense......................................................................17
II.10
Future Continuous/Progressive Tense..................................18
II.11
Future perfect Tense..........................................................18
II.12
Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive Tense.....................19
II.13
Past Future Tense...............................................................20
II.14
Past Future Continuous Tense.............................................21
II.15
Past Future Perfect Tense...................................................21
II.16
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense..................................22
BAB III EXAMPLE OF 16 TENSES..........................................................24
III.1
Present Tenses...................................................................24
III.2
Present Continuous/Progressive Tenses...............................25
III.3
Present Perpect Tense........................................................27
III.4
Present Continuous/Progressive Tense................................27
III.5
Simple Past Tenses.............................................................28
III.6
Past Countinuous/Progressive Tense...................................29
III.7
Past perfect Tenses............................................................29
III.8
Past Perfect Countinuous/Progressive Tense........................30
III.9
Future Tense......................................................................30
III.10 Future Continuous/Progressive Tense..................................31
III.11 Future Perfect Tense..........................................................31
III.12 Future Perfect Continuous/Progressive Tense......................32
III.13 Past Future Tense...............................................................32
III.14 Past Future Continuous Tense.............................................33
III.15 Past Future Perfect Tense...................................................33
III.16 Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense..................................34
REFERENCES......................................................................................35

BAB II

ENGLISH TENSES TIMELINE

a. Simple Present Tenses
This is the form of the Simple Present of To Be:
Subject

Be (is, am, are) + Complement

Am

We / You / They

Are

He / She / It

Is

....

We use am with I.
We use are with we, you, they, and with all plural subjects
We use is with he, she, it, and all singular subjects in the third person.

I
I
You
She
He
Samsul
They (example : James and Jane)
We
You and I (= We)
Ice
It
Running every week
To study hard
What he wants to buy

am
am
are
Is
Is not
Is
are
are
are
Is
Is not
Is
Is
is

a teacher
Indonesian
a student
diligent
a TV repoter
17 years
film starts
happy
on Holiday
cold
sunday
healthy
Very good
a new car

This is the form of the Simpe Present Tenses of Read, Learn, Stop, Speak, Go, etc :
Subject
I/We/You/They
He/She/It

Present Tenses or Verb-1

Read
learn
Stop
Reads
Learns
Stops

speak
speaks

Go
goes

We use read, learn, stop, speak and go with I, we, you, they.
We use reads, learns, stop, speaks and goes with he, she, it, and all singular subjects in the third
person.
The students
They

Speak
Learn

English on Wednesdays
Mathematics everday

I
They bus
They Earth
The Sun
Smoking
That this food contains poison
To love him

Finish
Stops
Revolves around
Rises
Damages
Surprises
Brings

My job
At the bus stop
The Sun
In the east
Your lungs
All of us
Her to Europe

Example
General.
(+) Olivia is Very excited.
(-) Olivia is not very excited.
(?) Is Olivia very excitited.
(-?) Is Olivia not very excited.
Engineering
(+) Toto studies Dev c++.
(-) Toto doesnt study Dev c++.
(?) Does Toto study dev c++?.
(-?) Does Toto not study dev c++?.

b.

Present Continuous /Progressive Tenses

This is the form of the Present Continuous /Progressive Tenses of Practice, Watch, Discuss,
Leave,etc : 1A

Subject

Be (is/am/are)

I
We/You/They
He/She/It

Am practising
Are practising
Is practicing

+Verb-1+ing
Am watching
Are watching
Is watching

Am discussing
Are discussing
Is discussing

Am leaving
Are leaving
Are leaving

We use am practising, am watching, am discussing, am leaving with I.

We use are practising, are watching, are discussing, are leaving with we, you they, and with all
plural subjects.
We use is practising, is watching, is discussing, is leaving with he, she, it and all singular
subjects in the third person.
Examples :

General

(+) Vani is cooking chicken soup.

(-) Vani is not cooking chicken soup.
(?)Is Vani cooking chicken soup?.
(-?) Is Vani not cooking chicken soup?.

c.

Present Perpect Tense

This is the form of the Present Perpect Tense of read, Returned, Lived, Written, etc:

Subject
have/has + Verb Past Participle or Verb3
+...........................................
I
have read
have returned
have lived
have written
We/You/They
have read
have returned
have lived
have written
He/She/It
has read
has returned
has lived
has written
We use have read, have returned, have lived, have written with I, we, you, they, and with all
plural subjects
We use has read, has returned, has lived, has written with he, she, it and all singular subjects in
the third person.
Examples:
General
(+) They have been here since morning.
(-) They have not been here since morning.
(?) Have they been here since morning?
(-?) Have they not been here since morning?

d.

Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive

This is the form of the Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive Tense of Learn, Travel, Visit,
Do , etc:

Subject
I
We/You/They
He/She/It

have/has + Verb Past Participle or Verb-3 + ....................

have been learning
have
been have
been have been doing
traveling
visiting
have been learning
have
been have
been have been doing
traveling
visiting
has been learning
has been traveling has been
has been doing
visiting

We use have been learning, have been traveling, have been visiting, have been doing with I,
we, they, and with all plural subjects.

We use has been learning, has been traveling, has been visiting, has been doing with he, she,
it, and all singular subjects in the third person.

Examples :
(+) Adel has been working there for five years.
(-) Adel has not been working there for five years.
(?) Has Adel been working there for five years?
(-?) Has Adel not been working there for five years?

e.

Simple Past tense

This is the form of the Simple Past tense of TO BE:

Subject
I
We/You/They
He/She/It

was/were
Was
Were
Was

+....................................................
......................................................
......................................................
.......................................................

We use was with I

We use were with we, you, they, and with all plural subjects
We use was with he, she, it, and all singular subjects in the third person.

This is the form of the Simple Past Tenseof Visit, Meat, Busy, Build, etc:
Subject
I/We/You?They
He/She/It

Verb-2
visited
visited

+.......................................................
met
Bought
built
went
met
Bought
built
went

We use visited, met, bought, built, went, with: I, we, you, they, and he, she, it, and all
singular and plural subjects.
Examples :
(+) I graduated from SMA Kalisat three months ago.
(-) I did not graduated from SMA Kalisat three monts ago.
(?) Did I graduate from SMA Kalisat three monts ago?
(-?) Did I not graduate from SMA Kalisat three monts ago?

f.

Countinuous or Progressive Tense

This is the of the Past Countinuous or Progressive Tense of Watch, Attend, Do, Ask, etc:

Subject + was/were + Verb-1 + ing

Subject + Verb-2

Subject + Verb-2
or Subject + was/were + Verb-1 + ing

WHEN
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I
We/You/They
He/She/It

was watching
ware watching
was watching

WHILE
was attending
was attending
was attending

was doing
was doing
was doing

was asking
ware asking
was asking

We use was wathching, was attending, was doing, was working with I, he, she it, and all
singular subjects in the third person.
We use were watching, were attending, were doing, were asking with we, you, they, and with
all plural subjects.

Examples:
(+) I was ill when he meet her.
(-) I was not ill when he meet her.
(?) Was I ill when he meet her?
(-?) Was I not ill when he meet her?

g.

Past Perfect Tenses

This is the form of the Past Perfect Tenses of Arrive, Finish, Get, Wait, etc:
Subject + had + verb Past participle or Verb-3 + ..
I
Had arrived
Had finished
Had got
We/You/They
Had arrived
Had finished
Had got
He/She/It
Had arrived
Had finished
Had got

Had waited
Had waited
Had waited

We use had arrived, had finished, had got, had waited with I, we, you, they, and he, she, it, and
all singular and plural subjects.
Examples:
(+) I had been home when you went to Sukowono.
(-) I had not been home when you went to Sukowono
(?) Had I been home when you went to Sukowono?
(-?) Had I not been when you went to Sukowono?

h.

Past Perfect Continuous/Progessive Tense

This is the form of the Past Perfect Continuous/Progessive Tense of Work, Live, Travel,

etc:
Subject + Had + been + Verb-1 + ing
I
Had been working
We/You/They
Had been living
He/She/It
Had been traveling

Before / after + Subject + past Participle/Verb-3

Had been living
Had been traveling
Had been living
Had been traveling
Had been living
Had been traveling

We use had been working, had been living, had been traveling with I, we, you, they, and he,
she, it, and all singular and plural subjects.
Examples:
(+) Sava had been reading the comic when they arrived.
(-) Sava had not been reading the comic when they arrived.
(?) Had Sava been reading the comic when they arrived ?
(-?) Had Sava not been reading comic when they arrived ?

i.

Future tense

This is the form of The Future tense of Will take , Will Go, Will Stay, Will Be, etc:
Subject
I/We/You/They
He/She/It

Will + Verb-1
Wil take
Wil go

Will stay
Will be

Will reach
Will consider

We use will take, will go, will be, will stay, will reach, will consider with: I, we, you, they,
and he, she, it, and all singular and plural subjects.
Examples:
(+) Richard will be in Indonesia next day.
(-) Richard will not be in Indonesia next day.
(?) Will Richard be in Indonesia next day?
(-?) Will Richard not be in Indonesia next day ?

j.

Future Continuous/Progressive Tense

This is the form of The Future Continuous/Progressive Tense of Will be arriving, Will be
shining, Will be coming, etc:
Subject
I/We/You/They
He/She/It

Will be + ing + ..
Will be coming
Wil be arriving
Will be coming
Wil be arriving

Will be shining
Will be shining

We use will be coming, will be arriving, Will be shining with: I,We,You,They, and he, she,
it, and all singular and plural subjects.

The Future Continuous/Progressive Tense is a verb form that is used to express:

An activity that will be in progress at a time in the future, for example:
I will be coming tomorrow
The guests will be arriving at this tomorrow
The sun will be shining brightly
Time Markers that are usually used:
8

At this time tomorrow

Next week
Next month
Next year
Until + S + Verb-1
When, etc.

Example :
(+) we shall becoming to your house tomorrow.
(-) we shall not becoming to your house tomorrow.
(?) Shall we becoming to your house tomorrow?
(-?) Shall we not becoming to your house tomorrow ?

k.

Future perfect Tense

This is the form of the Future perfect Tense of Pass, Marry, and Check, etc:

Subject

I/We/You/They
He/She/It

Will + have + Verb in Past Participle/Verb-3 + .

Will have
Will have
Will have By + a phrase
passed
married
checked
atau
Will have
Will have
Will have Before/when + Subject + Verb-1
passed
married
checked
Will have
Will have
Will have
passed
married
checked

We use will have passed, will have married, will have checked, with I, we, you, they, and he,
she, it, and all singular and plural subjects
Examples:
I
Dessy
The Mechanic

Will have passed

Will have got married
Will have checked

My examination by the end of this moth

To Robby when you come back
The engine before the pilot flies the plane

The Future Perfect Tense is a verb form that is used to express:

1. An action that will be completed before another event or a certain time in the future, for example:

I will have graduated from Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung

Dessy will have left for Jakarta when you come back
The mechanic will have checked the car before I drive it.

Example
(+) Mr. Juliano will have bought a house in Jakarta
(-) Mr. Juliano will not have bought a house in Jakarta

(?)will Mr. Juliano have bought a house in Jakarta

(-?)Will Mr. Juliano not have bought a house in jakarta

l.

Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive Tense

This is the form of the Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive Tense of Sleep, Work,
Fight, etc
Subject

Will have + been + Verb-1 + ing + .

I/We/You/They
He/She/It

Will have
sleeping
Will have
sleeping
Will have
sleeping

been Will have

working
been Will have
working
been Will have
working

been
been
been

Will have
fighting
Will have
fighting
Will have
fighting

been
been

For..

been

We use will sleeping, Will have been working, Will have been fighting, with I, we, you, they,
and he, she, it, and all singular and plural subjects. Examples:
I
The firefighters
We

Will have been sleeping

Will have been fighting
Will have been working

For two hours before my wife gets home

Against the fire for five hours
For the supermarket

The Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive Tense is a verb that is used to express:

1) An action that will be in progress before another time or event in the future, for example:

I will have been sleeping for two hours before my wife gets home.
The firefighters will have been putting the fire out for five hours.
We will have been working for the supermarket for two years.

2) An action that emphasizes the continuity of future achievement, for example:

I will have been teaching here for fifteen years this year
My daughters will have been sleeping for three hours by the time I get home
Example:
(+)Mr. Dayat will have been teaching at that school for seven years
(-) Mr. Dayat will not have been teaching at that school for seven year
(?) Will Mr. Dayat have been teaching at that school for seven year
(-) Will Mr. Dayat not have been teaching at that school for seven year

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m.

Past Future Tense

This tense is also basically the same with simple future tense. It explains an activity which will
happen after the conversation happened. The tense is normally used to describe plan or to explain an
estimation. Normally Past Future tense is used as a conditional sentence type 2.

I would come if you invited me

Tom would travel if he had more money

The characteristic of this tense is the use of the word will. Adverbs which are usually used in
future tense are TOMORROW, NEXT etc.
The Pattern of Past Future Tense
A. The Positive Pattern of Past Future Tense
Verbal sentence: S + would + Verb1
Nominal sentence: S + would be +
Examples:
Ann would play in the final match tonight if she could recover faster.
Andrea would be at home next week if he finished his exam.
B. The Negative Pattern of Past Future Tense
Verbal sentence: S + wouldnt + Verb1
Nominal sentence: S + wouldnt +
Examples:
Joko wouldnt come to the ceremony next Friday if he got sick.
The students would not be absent tomorrow the teacher came to the school.
C. The Interrogative Pattern of Past Future Tense
Verbal sentence: Would + S + Verb1
Nominal sentence: Would + S + be + .
Examples:
Would Emma accompany me to the party tonight if I brought a girlfriend?
Would they be able to come to the class on time if an accident happened?
D. The Question-word Pattern of Past Future Tense
Verbal sentence: QW + would + S + Verb1
Nominal sentence: QW + Would + S + be +
Examples:
What would you wear for the party tonight if you did not have one?
When would the room be available if we did not book one?

n.

Past Future Continuous Tense

Past Future Continuous Tense is used to explain an event or activity that will be happening in
the future in a specific time that is predicted during the conversation takes place. This tense is almost
the same like Present Future Tense but it is commonly used in conditional sentence. The difference is

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only in the specification of the time. Present Future Continuous Tense has more specific time.
The adverbs used in this tense are almost the same with the ones used in Present Future Tense. In
Present Future Continuous Tense, the use of specific time is often found.
The Pattern of Past Future Continuous Tense
A. The Positive Pattern of Past Future Continuous Tense
S + would + be+ Ving
Examples:
I would be studying math tonight at 8 pm if I had no other schedule.
The teachers will be holding an annual teacher meeting at 9 oclock if they wanted to.
B. The Negative Pattern of Past Future Continuous Tense
S + would + not + be + Ving
Examples:
The employees would not be working tomorrow if boss did not pay them.
The national soccer players would be performing a charity match at 22nd of June if they
won the PPD competition.
C. The Interrogative Pattern of Past Future Continuous Tense
Would + S + be + Ving
Examples:
Would Nami be going to Paris next 22nd of July if she graduated now?
Would he be playing for our volley team tomorrow night if we asked him?
D. The Question-word Pattern of Past Future Continuous Tense
QW + would + S + be + Ving
Examples:
What would you be doing tomorrow at 8 pm at your house if I came?
Where would the teachers be sitting if we occupied all of them?
By using Past Future Continuous Tense Pattern, we can explains an event or activity that will
be happening in the future in a specific time that is predicted during the conversation takes place. If you
like to find other tenses, you should go to Learn English Category.

o.

Past Future Perfect Tense

Past Future Tense is actually similar with Present Perfect Tense in the sense of time and
meaning. This tense is normally used as conditional sentence type 3. It has contradictory meaning with
the conditional sentence which is used.
He would have become a rider if his team had won in the previous race.
The adverbs used in Past Future Perfect tense are almost the same with the ones used in Present
Future Perfect Tense.
The Pattern of Past Future Perfect Tense
A. The Positive Pattern of Past Future Perfect Tense

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Verbal sentence: S + Would + have + V3

Nominal sentence: S + Would + have + been +
Examples:
Jim would have finished his job in the next month if he had not watched the movie.
Mia would have been a good pianist if she had practiced a lot.
B. The Negative Pattern of Past Future Perfect Tense
Verbal sentence: S + Wouldnt + have + V3
Nominal sentence: S + Wouldnt + have + been +
Examples:
Kai wouldnt have passed the exam if he had not studied sincerely.
The students would have not been in the suspension if they did not play in the class.
C. The Interrogative Pattern of Past Future Perfect Tense
Verbal sentence: S + Would + have + S + V3
Nominal sentence: Would + have + S + been +
Examples:
Would have Emma accompanied her friends to the party tonight?
Would have they been able to come by the time class starts?
D. The Question-word Pattern of Past Future Perfect Tense
Verbal sentence: QW + Will/shall + have + S + Verb1
Nominal sentence: QW + will/shall have + S + be +
Examples:
What would have you done by the time I arrived there?
Why would have the room been available if I ask the janitor first?

p.

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense is basically the same with Present Perfect Continuous
Tense. Similar with Past Future Perfect Tense, this tense is also used in conditional sentence type 3
normally for its positive and negative pattern.
The race would have been starting since this morning if all riders had come on time.
The adverbs used in this tense are almost the same with the ones used in Present Future Perfect
Continuous Tense.
The Pattern of Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
A. The Positive Pattern of Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
S + would + have + been Ving
Examples:
Clevany would have been sleeping if she did not drink much coffee.
Rose will have been studying for two hours if she did not watch a serial drama.
B. The Negative Pattern of Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
S + wouldnt + have + been Ving
Examples:
Ika wouldnt have been filling the requirement if she had come late.
The students would have not been watching a movie if the school had ended faster.
13

C. The Interrogative Pattern of Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Would + have + S + been + Ving
Examples:
Would have Mina been listening to her favorite song if the electricity had downed?
Would have they been playing soccer if the principle had come?
D. The Question-word Pattern of Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

QW + would + have + S + been + Ving

Examples:
What would have you been doing if I had fractured your leg?
Where would have the students been studying if the teacher had not come?

REFERENCES
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_sys-what.htm
Nina, A.R. 2010. Hafalan luar kepala 16 tenses. Edisi lengkap. Sumatera Utara: Pustaka Widyatama

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