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DIgSILENT

DIgSILENT GmbH

Company Profile

PFM Hardware Concept


The PowerFactory Monitor is based on the Control- and Monitoring Unit (CMU), the Signal Units (SU) and the Smart Signal Unit (SSU) which can be
combined in a flexible way aiming in a most preformat and economic solution adoptable to any individual needs.

SSU Smart Signal Unit


The SSU is an active, intelligent data acquisition system that can handle up to 32 analogue
and 16 digital channels. Channel characteristics can be configured in a flexible way
covering CT and VT signal types as well as small signals such as mA and mV. A wide range
of input cards is available to cope with any type of measurement task. Besides signal
conditioning and signal conversion, the SSU is passing the fast transient signals as well
as the mid-term transient, slow transient signal and power quality signals directly to
the PFM-DsProtocol backbone for further processing such as centralized triggering and
analysis. Optional, the SSU can be used as a stand-alone PMU communicating via the
PFM backbone using the IEEE C37.118 PMU protocol.

Analogue Signals

DIgSILENT GmbH

Company Profile

GPS RECEIVER

Smart Signal Unit


(SSU)

Digital Signals

POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND SOFTWARE

IEC 61850 / 60870

PFM-DsProtocol

IEEE C37.118PMU Protocol

2*GBit/s PFM Backbone

Power System Monitoring and Analysis

SU Signal Unit

The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor

The SU is an active data acquisition system that can handle up to 32 analogue and 16 digital channels. Channel characteristics can be configured in a
flexible way covering CT and VT signal types as well as small signals such as mA and mV. A wide range of input cards is available to cope with any type of
measurement task. After signal conditioning and signal conversion, the SU is passing the fast transient signals as via USB hub to a Smart Signal Unit (SS)
acting as a channel extender for applications where a large amount of analogue and digital channels are to be handled at one single point. Up to 160
analogue channels with most flexible configurations are supported via one single CMU/SSU with appropriate number of SU extensions. Further extensions
are possible via digital Signal Units. Processing of fast transients, mid-term transients, PQ signals as well as slow transients are processed via the CMU.
interfaces with manufacturer specific relay settings

CMU Control and Monitoring Unit

software and integrates with PowerFactory

The Control and Monitoring Unit (CMU) communicates via PFM-DsProtocol (SSU) with the data acquisitions units. Direct user interaction is provided via
Web-Server featuring the configuration of SSU, CMU as well as providing on-line view and operation of the supported integrated multifunctional aspects
(e.g. DFR, DSM, PQ, etc.). The CMU is directly accessible via the PFM Master Station for centralized operation of a distributed monitoring system. The following
functions are provided by the CMU:

software, allowing powerful and easy-to-use

Handling of CMU und SSU configuration


Definition and setting of trigger conditions covering all signals passed to the CMU
Definition and management of the FT, MDT and ST signals
Calculation of additional synthetic signals if required, processing of PQ signals
Online display of analogue and digital signals
Execution of SOE processing

The CMU is utilizing latest multi-core technologies featuring the handling


of a large amount of data and is equipped with high capacity storage
devices of at least 32 GB. Any CMU/SU/SSU hardware configuration is
establishing a fully featured integrated, multi-functional data acquisition
system that can be operated independently of any Master Station.
Data storage capacities are typically specified for handling and processing
recordings over many years. Access to the CMU is provided via Internet /
Web Interface.

Hardware supervision and communication with Master Stations

PFM Hardware Configur ations


Option 1 Distributed Smart Signal Units (SSU)
The PowerFactory Monitor (PFM) can be configured as per specific user requirements.
Most flexible operation is provided when accessing the CMU via the multi-user Master
Station featuring full flexible analysis of all readings collected from the various locations.
Independent of the operation and supervision of the various PFM systems installed at
several locations in a power system, the Web Interface can be used for commissioning
and unit-wise supervision of the various PFM components. The Smart Signal Unit (SSU)
shall be applied when signals from various locations within a substation, power plant or
from different other locations shall be collected. Typical applications would be dedicated
SSUs per bay, large substation with several voltage levels, collection of data of individual
generation units (conventional power plants with several units, wind turbines and wind
park substation, large PV installations with many central inverters).

Location 1

Location 2

Location 3

SSU

SSU

SSU

....

Location 4

SSU

PFM-DsProtocol

Master Station 1 /
PowerFactory

...

CMU
TCP/IP

TCP/IP

Master Station n /
PowerFactory

Web Interface
TCP/IP

User 1

User 2

User X

Option 2 Centrally connected Signals Units (SU)


Shall a huge amount of analogue or digital signals be considered that are brought to a central place, the most cost effective PFM configuration is then
based on a number of centrally installed Signal Units (SU) being connected via USB communication to the SSU. Respective setup is typically mounted in a
cabinet with all infrastructure required. Access to recorded data for backup and processing is again made via the PowerFactory Master Station supporting
multi-user operation as well as the optional interaction with the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. For configuration, commissioning and maintenance
service direct access via Web Interfaces is again possible independently of the Master Station.

settings co-ordination studies.


DIgSILENT Consulting
DIgSILENT GmbH is staffed with experts of various
disciplines relevant for performing consulting
services, research activities, user training,
DIgSILENT GmbH is a consulting and software

DIgSILENT PowerFactory

educational programs and software developments.

company providing engineering services in the

DIgSILENT develops the leading integrated

Highly specialized expertise is available in many

field of electrical power systems for transmission,

power system analysis software PowerFactory,

fields of electrical engineering applicable to

distribution, generation and industrial plants.

which covers the full range of functionality from

liberalized power markets and to the latest

standard features to highly sophisticated and

developments in power generation technologies

DIgSILENT GmbH was founded in 1985 and is

advanced applications including wind power,

such as wind power and dispersed genertion.

a fully independent, privately owned company

dispersed generation, real-time simulation and

DIgSILENT has provided expert consulting services

located in Gomaringen/Tbingen, Germany, where

performance monitoring for system testing and

to several prominent wind-grid integration studies.

the new offices have been in operation since

supervision. For wind power applications, Power

early 2002. DIgSILENT continued expansion by

Factory has become the power industrys de-facto

PowerFactory Monitor is a flexible performance

establishing offices in Australia, South Africa,

standard tool, due to PowerFactory models

recording and monitoring system that copes easily

Italy, Chile and Spain, thereby facilitating

and algorithms providing unmet accuracy and

and efficiently with the special requirements for

improved service following the world-wide

performance.

system test implementation, system performance


supervision and the determination and supervision

increased use of its products and services.


DIgSILENT has established a strong partner

DIgSILENT StationWare is a reliable central

of connection characteristics. Numerous Monitoring

network in many countries such as Mexico,

protection settings database and management

Systems installed at various grid locations can be

Malaysia, UK, Switzerland, Colombia, Brazil, Peru,

system for the complete power system substation

integrated to a Wide-Area-Measurement-System

Argentina, Iran, Venezuela and China. DIgSILENT

data based on latest .NET technology. Station-

(WAMS). The PowerFactory Monitor fully integrates

services and software installations have been

Ware stores and records all settings in a central

with the PowerFactory.

conducted in more than 110 countries.

database, allows modelling of relevant workflow


sequences, provides quick access to relay manuals,

Option 3 Portable PFM System


Limited to 15 analogue and 16 digital signals, a CMU and SSU can be combined in one single portable 19 rack (PFM300 SSU15-C, 4 HU). Optionally, a larger
system being able to handle 32 analogue and 16 digital signals is also available (PFM300 SSU32-C, 7 HU). The 32 channels system can be expanded with
further portable SUs or SSUs as required. Operational access to the portable PFM system, e.g. for PFM setup und mobile recording applications is
offered via Web Interface. The PowerFactory Master Station software is also available for mobile applications along with the PowerFactory functions.

DIgSILENT GmbH

72810 Gomaringen

Phone: +49-7072-9168-0

Internet: www.digsilent.de

Heinrich-Hertz-Strae 9

Germany

Fax: +49-7072-9168-88

E-mail: mail@digsilent.de

Product Summary
Integrated, multifunction
Dynamic System Monitor
Network Performance Monitor (DSM)
Dynamic Disturbance Recorder (DDR)
Digital Fault Recorder (DFR)
Continuous Recorder (CR)
Grid Code Monitor (GCM)
Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)
Power Plant Monitor (PPM)
Power Quality Monitor (PQM)
Long-term Trend Monitoring (LTM)
Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor (SOM)

Distributed, Hierarchical
Monitoring Concept
Multiple Smart Signal Units (SSU)
Plant & Substation Control and
Monitoring Unit (CMU)
Hierarchical Monitoring Structure
Multi-User Master Station Concept
Automated High Level Post Processing
Integrated with DIgSILENT PowerFactory

Flexible Hardware and


Software Concept
Cabinet-based and portable Systems
Flexible Smart Signal Unit Configuration
Advanced A/D Technology
Local- and Remote Operation Mode
PowerFactory based Software Technology

Product Benefits
Cost Effective Multi-Purpose
Solution
Multifunction Plant and
Substation Monitor
Wide-Area Monitoring and
Grid Supervision
Direct Interaction with
Analytical Grids Analysis

DIgSILENT

DIgSILENT

Integrated, multifunction Dynamic System Monitor

The PowerFactory Monitor

Unbundling of electricity supply systems and the introduction of new technologies in all areas of generation, transmission and distribution has made power
system operation more complex. Supervision of generator performance according to Grid Codes and Connection Conditions, the stability supervision of large
transmission networks at specific locations, verification of power quality criteria in distribution systems as well as the determination and analysis of key
system parameters has generated the need for power system monitoring and grid supervision beyond classical fault recording and SCADA based trending.
Under those aspects, wide area monitoring (WAM) via phase measurement units (PMU) is just a special case of a monitoring application. The PowerFactory
Monitor fully integrates with DIgSILENT PowerFactory software featuring easy access of recorded data, analysis of trends, verification of system upset
responses and test results.

PFM Technical Specification

redundant power supply

PFM 300 Characteristics

Recording Functions

Communication

Trigger Conditions

PFM 300 Versions

portable version

Overview

Sampling Rate

Ethernet / modem (optional)

Up to 288 analogue and 336 digital input channels

Scan rate:

15,15kHz

Up to 7 relay outputs for alarms

50 cycles/s:

303 samples per cycle

Scan rate 15,15 kHz, 16 bits resolution


(optional: 30.72 kHz, 20 bits resolution)

60 cycles/s:

252 samples per cycle

Trigger conditions can be defined as required


(limits, gradients, equations, digital input etc.)
based on RMS and IV values. Complex algorithms
are available to allow for trigger set/reset conditions
to avoid nuisance triggering. Automatic re-triggering
is supported shall new events appear during postfault recording time thus extending the recording
period (multiple- events recording). Trigger time
labels are simply transferred via event file naming.
Captured data are stored in COMTRADE files in an
automatically created folder structure where for
each day/month/year a new subdirectory is created.
Handling of such data is made via the comfortable
PFM Master Station Software.

SSU15-C

Basic Features
SSU hardware

PFM Product Application


Dynamic System & Network
Performance Monitor (DSM)
Voltage Stability Monitoring and Steady-State
Instability Supervision
Generation Outage, Load Rejection and System
Frequency Response Analysis
Primary- and Secondary Response Supervision
Load Shedding Tuning and Optimization
Power System Stabilizer (PSS) Effectiveness Supervision
Power Oscillation Detection and Analysis
Tie-Line Power Exchange and Network Control
Characteristics
Control Performance Supervision and Identification
Generator and Load Parameter Identification
Phase Angle Supervision

Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor (SOM)

Smart Signal Unit SSU32

non-redundant power supply

Power Quality Monitor (PQM)


Phase to Phase and Phase to Neutral Voltages
Positive, Negative and Zero-Sequence Quantities
Single Phase Voltage and Current Quantities
Active, Reactive and Apparent Power Quantities
Voltage and Current Harmonics up to 49th/ 50th order
according to IEC 61000-4-7
Harmonic Voltage and Current Indices according to
IEC 61000-3-6 and BDEW 2008
Flicker Assessment according to IEC 61400-21
Flicker Meter according to IEC 61000-4-15

Power Plant Monitor (PPM)


AVR/Exciter performance supervision
Prime Mover and associated controls supervision
(boiler control, primary control, etc.)

Multifunctional Disturbance and


Event Recorder
Digital Fault Recorder (DFR)
Dynamic Disturbance Recorder (DDR)
Multi-Time-Frame Recording incl. Long Term
Trend Monitoring (LTM)
Sequence of Event Recorder (SOE)
Specific DAQ-rates for fast, mid-term and slow
transients
Synchronized Trigger Handling across all CMU
connected Smart Signal Units (SSU)

Grid Code Monitor (GCM)


Grid Code Compliance Verification
Support of various Grid Code Definitions incl.
ENTSO-E, FERC, EEGG/TR4, China BG/T, South Africa

Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)

Supervision of generator shaft oscillations

LAN link to SSU15/32-C/E


Basic Features
CMU hardware and software
Web Interface
non-redundant power supply
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1 signal synchronization
15 analogue input channels
16 digital inputs channels
7 digital output channels
Option
portable version

Supported Extensions
GPS / 1 signal synchronization
32 analogue input channels
16 digital input channels
7 digital output channels

Options
portable version

Signal Unit SU32

PFM Functional OvervieW

Power from SSU32-C-E USB link to SSU32-C-E

The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor is an integrated, multifunctional data acquisition system that covers recording, monitoring and analysis of signals
in all relevant time frames. It is especially designed to cover all needs of Transmission, Distribution and Generation on all voltage levels. Flexible hardware
and software components allow for the configuration of portable systems, stand alone cabinet mounted installations as well as LAN based multiple units
multiple location systems being coordinated and supervised via Master Stations.

Supported Extensions
GPS / 1 signal synchronization
32 analogue input channels

Multi-time Frame Recording


Basic Features

16 digital input channels

CMU hardware and software

Option

Web Interface

portable version

non-redundant power supply


DFR Digital Fault Recorder
SOE Sequence of Event Recorder
SOM Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor

DDR
DSM
PMU

Dynamic Disturbance Recorder


Dynamic System Monitor
Phasor Measurement Unit

PPM Power Plant Monitor


GCM Grid Code Monitor
SOM Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor

DSM
LTM
PPM

Dynamic System Monitor


Long-Term Monitor
Power Plant Monitor

GCM Grid Code Monitor


PQM Power Quality Monitor

The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor provides an excellent overview on grid operation aspects. Capturing of fault transients, e.g. caused by short circuits,
grid synchronization or ferro-resonance phenomena, mid-term transients such as power-frequency and voltage excursions as well as the monitoring of
steady-state grid characteristics are covered by the multi-time frame recording mechanism.

Supported Extensions
GPS / 1 signal synchronization
32 analogue input channels
16 digital input channels
7 digital output channels

Key functions which could be operated simultaneously are:


Fast transients (FT)
Triggered instantaneous value and event recording (DFR, SOE, SOM)

Mid-term transients (MDT)


Triggered mid-term fundamental frequency signal and event recording
(DDR, DSM, PPM, GCM, SOM)
Continuous mid-term fundamental frequency signal recording (PMU)

Slow transients (FT)


Continuous slow fundamental frequency signals recording
(DSM, LTM, PPM, GCM and PQM)

Any quantity which could either be a native signal as well as a numerically


derived signal, deviating from normal conditions is captured, recorded and
analysed. In addition, on-line analysis of signals is provided featuring the
detection of inherent problems like system and control oscillations, supervision of connection conditions or power quality aspects. The PowerFactory
Monitor is a standalone system including all necessary hardware and software
functions for signal conditioning, signal conversion, data storage and
processing, calculation and documentation. In addition, remote access is
supported via modem, TCPI/IP networks, WWW and special SCADA interface
techniques. Several monitoring systems can be synchronized to 1s using GPS
clock for precise parallel sampling and recording analysis.

32 GB Flash Memory

SSU-32 / CMU
Intel Embedded i7, 4 GByte DDR
128/256 GByte SSD Storage
Communication

50 cycles/s: up to 25.6 kHz

Fast Transients Recording Stream


Pre-fault time: user selectable (typical: 0.1-5s)
Post-fault time: user selectable (typical: 0.1-5s)
Re-trigger:

Options
Extendable with up to 4 Signal Units (SU32) totalling
to up to 160 analogue channels and 80 digital input
channels
Extendable with up to 8 Smart Signal Units (SSU32)
totalling to up to 288 analogue channels and 144
digital input channels
Extendable with up to 256 digital signal inputs
(DU128/256) totalling to up to 336 digital input
channels

supported, various setting options

Ethernet network, TCP/IP protocol, 10/100/1000Mb/s

Mid-Term Transients/ Phasor


Recording Stream

PFM-DsProtocol, C37.118 PMU protocol

Pre-fault time: user selectable (typical: 1-60s)

LAN ports: 2*rear, 1*front

Post-fault time: user selectable (typical: 10-600s)


supported, various setting options

SU-D128 / SU-D256
Basic Features
DU hardware
Power from SSU32-C-E
LAN link to SSU32-C-E
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1 ms signal synchronization
128/256 digital input channels

SU32: 3*HU

Slow Transients Recording Stream

SSU15-C: 4*HU

Continuous recording of any input signals or user


defined signal with typical sampling rates of 0.1-10
samples/s

SSU32, SSU32-C, SSU32-C/E: 7*HU


Supply Voltage
100-360 VDC and 90 -240 VAC

Triggering
Threshold and gradient on any input and user defined
signal (voltage, power, frequency, phase, sequence
quantity, etc.).

Analogue Channels

Dynamic Trigger on calculated quantities


(signal oscillation, PQ-criteria, step changes, etc.)

Current Input
Input :

3x 1 or 5 A (nominal)

Range:

4x In

Accuracy:

0.1%

Overload:

150 A, 1s; 4x In cont.

Manual triggering on visually observed signals and


test commands
High Precision Soft Transducer
Signal frequency and phase
All relevant RMS quantities on phases and sequence
components
Power Quality

Voltage Input

Sag / swell, True RMS

Input :

3x 150V p-n

Flicker meter (IEC61000-4-15)

Range:

2x Vn

Flicker assessment (IEC61400-21)

Accuracy:

0.08%

Harmonics (even, odd, interharmonics up to 50th


order according to IEC 61000-4-7)

Option
portable version

Recording interval 24x7 over several years

SU / SSU Channel Characteristics

15/32 analogue channels / SU / SSU, flexible input


configuration

Small signals Input


1mV, 10mV, 1V, 10V, 20mA

IEC 61850 (Optional)


IEC 60870-5-101, IEC 60870-5-104
Digital status input/outputs
Relay outputs

60 cycles/s: up to 30.72 kHz

19 Enclosure

SSU32-C /E
Basic Features

Slow Transients

Intel Celeron, 2 GByte DDR

IEEE C37.118 PMU protocol

Modbus TCP

20 Bit Options
Up to 512 samples per cycle

SSU-15

redundant power supply

SU hardware

Mid-term Transients

Alarm contacts: 1 alive and 6 programmable (optional)

GPS time stamping (1s)

Re-trigger:

IEEE C37.118 /2005 compliance

Fast Transients

Self-diagnostic, watch-dog and auto-boot

PFM2PFM communication via TCP/IP based


PFM-DsProtocol

PFM Software Features


Recording Functions
The DIgSILENT PFM features four types of recording
mechanisms:

IEEE C37.118 protocol


The PFM can work as a phasor measurement unit
(PMU) and outputs a C37.118 stream to any phasor
data concentrators (PDC). The PFM has also a
C37.118 input for existing PMUs in the field.

Slow Transients Monitoring

Real Time Phasors

The PFM monitoring process is continuously reading


all signals from the signal unit, calculating RMS and
harmonics quantities (snapshot recording). Monitoring signals are stored with a sampling rate of 1 Hz or
below (typically 0.2 Hz). Monitoring is quite comparable with trending features of a SCADA system.
However, such monitoring archives could be easily
reviewed within the PFM system to get an initial and
fast overview on the daily system operation. The PFM
recording space is sufficient to store the complete
information of a number of years.

On basis of the flexible setup of the PowerFactory


Monitor being based on the PowerFactory software
frame and high level slot function definitions, various
specific measuring devices can be configured.
A typical application of such flexibility would be the
real time phasor measurement where various phasor
quantities are derived from local information, stored,
analysed or passed further to remote systems for
coordinated stability evaluation.

Mid-term Transient Recording


RMS recording is event driven based on trigger
conditions. Typical RMS values recorded are: voltages
(phase voltages, +/-/0-sequence voltages), currents,
active/reactive/apparent power, power factor,
frequency, frequency gradient, etc. The recording
rate for RMS values is adjustable, typically up to 2
samples/cycle. RMS recording archives are created for
each triggered event. RMS recording periods can be
freely configured. Typical settings are 60s pre-trigger
time and 600s post trigger time with any number of
re-trigger recording extensions.
Fast Transients Recording
Instantaneous values (IV values) recordings are also
based on trigger conditions. Typical values stored are
digital inputs, analogue inputs (signals from CTs and
PTs). The recording rate for IV values is typically 252
or 303 samples/cycle. IV recording periods can be
freely configured. Typical settings are 0.5 secs
pre-trigger time and 2.5 sec. post trigger time with
any number of re-trigger recording extensions.

Power Quality Recording


Capturing of voltage sags and high voltage
conditions along with the continuous monitoring and
recording of harmonic distortion, phase unbalance
and other quantities of interest, continuous power
quality monitoring is provided. Any recording such as
captured voltage sags or daily 24 hours power quality
records can be kept locally at the PFM or might be
automatically transferred to the Master Station for
centralized storage and review.
Supervision of Connection Conditions
Behaviour of power plants during grid upset
conditions as per defined Connection Conditions is
of crucial interest to guarantee stable grid operation
also in critical situations. Such requirement is
especially important for large wind parks or in
industrial systems with supply critical processes.
Automatic Analysis
On basis of standard PowerFactory DPL scripts,
the PFM/DSM features the automatic analysis of
monitoring data streams as well as recorded, event
triggered data sequences. This will allow a postprocessing of the many recording to determine its
severity and relevance for further expert analysis.
A typical standard feature of the automatic event
and monitoring analysis would be the performance of
automated printing of all recorded data sequences

DIgSILENT

DIgSILENT GmbH

Company Profile

PFM Hardware Concept


The PowerFactory Monitor is based on the Control- and Monitoring Unit (CMU), the Signal Units (SU) and the Smart Signal Unit (SSU) which can be
combined in a flexible way aiming in a most preformat and economic solution adoptable to any individual needs.

SSU Smart Signal Unit


The SSU is an active, intelligent data acquisition system that can handle up to 32 analogue
and 16 digital channels. Channel characteristics can be configured in a flexible way
covering CT and VT signal types as well as small signals such as mA and mV. A wide range
of input cards is available to cope with any type of measurement task. Besides signal
conditioning and signal conversion, the SSU is passing the fast transient signals as well
as the mid-term transient, slow transient signal and power quality signals directly to
the PFM-DsProtocol backbone for further processing such as centralized triggering and
analysis. Optional, the SSU can be used as a stand-alone PMU communicating via the
PFM backbone using the IEEE C37.118 PMU protocol.

Analogue Signals

DIgSILENT GmbH

Company Profile

GPS RECEIVER

Smart Signal Unit


(SSU)

Digital Signals

POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND SOFTWARE

IEC 61850 / 60870

PFM-DsProtocol

IEEE C37.118PMU Protocol

2*GBit/s PFM Backbone

Power System Monitoring and Analysis

SU Signal Unit

The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor

The SU is an active data acquisition system that can handle up to 32 analogue and 16 digital channels. Channel characteristics can be configured in a
flexible way covering CT and VT signal types as well as small signals such as mA and mV. A wide range of input cards is available to cope with any type of
measurement task. After signal conditioning and signal conversion, the SU is passing the fast transient signals as via USB hub to a Smart Signal Unit (SS)
acting as a channel extender for applications where a large amount of analogue and digital channels are to be handled at one single point. Up to 160
analogue channels with most flexible configurations are supported via one single CMU/SSU with appropriate number of SU extensions. Further extensions
are possible via digital Signal Units. Processing of fast transients, mid-term transients, PQ signals as well as slow transients are processed via the CMU.
interfaces with manufacturer specific relay settings

CMU Control and Monitoring Unit

software and integrates with PowerFactory

The Control and Monitoring Unit (CMU) communicates via PFM-DsProtocol (SSU) with the data acquisitions units. Direct user interaction is provided via
Web-Server featuring the configuration of SSU, CMU as well as providing on-line view and operation of the supported integrated multifunctional aspects
(e.g. DFR, DSM, PQ, etc.). The CMU is directly accessible via the PFM Master Station for centralized operation of a distributed monitoring system. The following
functions are provided by the CMU:

software, allowing powerful and easy-to-use

Handling of CMU und SSU configuration


Definition and setting of trigger conditions covering all signals passed to the CMU
Definition and management of the FT, MDT and ST signals
Calculation of additional synthetic signals if required, processing of PQ signals
Online display of analogue and digital signals
Execution of SOE processing

The CMU is utilizing latest multi-core technologies featuring the handling


of a large amount of data and is equipped with high capacity storage
devices of at least 32 GB. Any CMU/SU/SSU hardware configuration is
establishing a fully featured integrated, multi-functional data acquisition
system that can be operated independently of any Master Station.
Data storage capacities are typically specified for handling and processing
recordings over many years. Access to the CMU is provided via Internet /
Web Interface.

Hardware supervision and communication with Master Stations

PFM Hardware Configur ations


Option 1 Distributed Smart Signal Units (SSU)
The PowerFactory Monitor (PFM) can be configured as per specific user requirements.
Most flexible operation is provided when accessing the CMU via the multi-user Master
Station featuring full flexible analysis of all readings collected from the various locations.
Independent of the operation and supervision of the various PFM systems installed at
several locations in a power system, the Web Interface can be used for commissioning
and unit-wise supervision of the various PFM components. The Smart Signal Unit (SSU)
shall be applied when signals from various locations within a substation, power plant or
from different other locations shall be collected. Typical applications would be dedicated
SSUs per bay, large substation with several voltage levels, collection of data of individual
generation units (conventional power plants with several units, wind turbines and wind
park substation, large PV installations with many central inverters).

Location 1

Location 2

Location 3

SSU

SSU

SSU

....

Location 4

SSU

PFM-DsProtocol

Master Station 1 /
PowerFactory

...

CMU
TCP/IP

TCP/IP

Master Station n /
PowerFactory

Web Interface
TCP/IP

User 1

User 2

User X

Option 2 Centrally connected Signals Units (SU)


Shall a huge amount of analogue or digital signals be considered that are brought to a central place, the most cost effective PFM configuration is then
based on a number of centrally installed Signal Units (SU) being connected via USB communication to the SSU. Respective setup is typically mounted in a
cabinet with all infrastructure required. Access to recorded data for backup and processing is again made via the PowerFactory Master Station supporting
multi-user operation as well as the optional interaction with the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. For configuration, commissioning and maintenance
service direct access via Web Interfaces is again possible independently of the Master Station.

settings co-ordination studies.


DIgSILENT Consulting
DIgSILENT GmbH is staffed with experts of various
disciplines relevant for performing consulting
services, research activities, user training,
DIgSILENT GmbH is a consulting and software

DIgSILENT PowerFactory

educational programs and software developments.

company providing engineering services in the

DIgSILENT develops the leading integrated

Highly specialized expertise is available in many

field of electrical power systems for transmission,

power system analysis software PowerFactory,

fields of electrical engineering applicable to

distribution, generation and industrial plants.

which covers the full range of functionality from

liberalized power markets and to the latest

standard features to highly sophisticated and

developments in power generation technologies

DIgSILENT GmbH was founded in 1985 and is

advanced applications including wind power,

such as wind power and dispersed genertion.

a fully independent, privately owned company

dispersed generation, real-time simulation and

DIgSILENT has provided expert consulting services

located in Gomaringen/Tbingen, Germany, where

performance monitoring for system testing and

to several prominent wind-grid integration studies.

the new offices have been in operation since

supervision. For wind power applications, Power

early 2002. DIgSILENT continued expansion by

Factory has become the power industrys de-facto

PowerFactory Monitor is a flexible performance

establishing offices in Australia, South Africa,

standard tool, due to PowerFactory models

recording and monitoring system that copes easily

Italy, Chile and Spain, thereby facilitating

and algorithms providing unmet accuracy and

and efficiently with the special requirements for

improved service following the world-wide

performance.

system test implementation, system performance


supervision and the determination and supervision

increased use of its products and services.


DIgSILENT has established a strong partner

DIgSILENT StationWare is a reliable central

of connection characteristics. Numerous Monitoring

network in many countries such as Mexico,

protection settings database and management

Systems installed at various grid locations can be

Malaysia, UK, Switzerland, Colombia, Brazil, Peru,

system for the complete power system substation

integrated to a Wide-Area-Measurement-System

Argentina, Iran, Venezuela and China. DIgSILENT

data based on latest .NET technology. Station-

(WAMS). The PowerFactory Monitor fully integrates

services and software installations have been

Ware stores and records all settings in a central

with the PowerFactory.

conducted in more than 110 countries.

database, allows modelling of relevant workflow


sequences, provides quick access to relay manuals,

Option 3 Portable PFM System


Limited to 15 analogue and 16 digital signals, a CMU and SSU can be combined in one single portable 19 rack (PFM300 SSU15-C, 4 HU). Optionally, a larger
system being able to handle 32 analogue and 16 digital signals is also available (PFM300 SSU32-C, 7 HU). The 32 channels system can be expanded with
further portable SUs or SSUs as required. Operational access to the portable PFM system, e.g. for PFM setup und mobile recording applications is
offered via Web Interface. The PowerFactory Master Station software is also available for mobile applications along with the PowerFactory functions.

DIgSILENT GmbH

72810 Gomaringen

Phone: +49-7072-9168-0

Internet: www.digsilent.de

Heinrich-Hertz-Strae 9

Germany

Fax: +49-7072-9168-88

E-mail: mail@digsilent.de

Product Summary
Integrated, multifunction
Dynamic System Monitor
Network Performance Monitor (DSM)
Dynamic Disturbance Recorder (DDR)
Digital Fault Recorder (DFR)
Continuous Recorder (CR)
Grid Code Monitor (GCM)
Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)
Power Plant Monitor (PPM)
Power Quality Monitor (PQM)
Long-term Trend Monitoring (LTM)
Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor (SOM)

Distributed, Hierarchical
Monitoring Concept
Multiple Smart Signal Units (SSU)
Plant & Substation Control and
Monitoring Unit (CMU)
Hierarchical Monitoring Structure
Multi-User Master Station Concept
Automated High Level Post Processing
Integrated with DIgSILENT PowerFactory

Flexible Hardware and


Software Concept
Cabinet-based and portable Systems
Flexible Smart Signal Unit Configuration
Advanced A/D Technology
Local- and Remote Operation Mode
PowerFactory based Software Technology

Product Benefits
Cost Effective Multi-Purpose
Solution
Multifunction Plant and
Substation Monitor
Wide-Area Monitoring and
Grid Supervision
Direct Interaction with
Analytical Grids Analysis

DIgSILENT

DIgSILENT

Integrated, multifunction Dynamic System Monitor

The PowerFactory Monitor

Unbundling of electricity supply systems and the introduction of new technologies in all areas of generation, transmission and distribution has made power
system operation more complex. Supervision of generator performance according to Grid Codes and Connection Conditions, the stability supervision of large
transmission networks at specific locations, verification of power quality criteria in distribution systems as well as the determination and analysis of key
system parameters has generated the need for power system monitoring and grid supervision beyond classical fault recording and SCADA based trending.
Under those aspects, wide area monitoring (WAM) via phase measurement units (PMU) is just a special case of a monitoring application. The PowerFactory
Monitor fully integrates with DIgSILENT PowerFactory software featuring easy access of recorded data, analysis of trends, verification of system upset
responses and test results.

PFM Technical Specification

redundant power supply

PFM 300 Characteristics

Recording Functions

Communication

Trigger Conditions

PFM 300 Versions

portable version

Overview

Sampling Rate

Ethernet / modem (optional)

Up to 288 analogue and 336 digital input channels

Scan rate:

15,15kHz

Up to 7 relay outputs for alarms

50 cycles/s:

303 samples per cycle

Scan rate 15,15 kHz, 16 bits resolution


(optional: 30.72 kHz, 20 bits resolution)

60 cycles/s:

252 samples per cycle

Trigger conditions can be defined as required


(limits, gradients, equations, digital input etc.)
based on RMS and IV values. Complex algorithms
are available to allow for trigger set/reset conditions
to avoid nuisance triggering. Automatic re-triggering
is supported shall new events appear during postfault recording time thus extending the recording
period (multiple- events recording). Trigger time
labels are simply transferred via event file naming.
Captured data are stored in COMTRADE files in an
automatically created folder structure where for
each day/month/year a new subdirectory is created.
Handling of such data is made via the comfortable
PFM Master Station Software.

SSU15-C

Basic Features
SSU hardware

PFM Product Application


Dynamic System & Network
Performance Monitor (DSM)
Voltage Stability Monitoring and Steady-State
Instability Supervision
Generation Outage, Load Rejection and System
Frequency Response Analysis
Primary- and Secondary Response Supervision
Load Shedding Tuning and Optimization
Power System Stabilizer (PSS) Effectiveness Supervision
Power Oscillation Detection and Analysis
Tie-Line Power Exchange and Network Control
Characteristics
Control Performance Supervision and Identification
Generator and Load Parameter Identification
Phase Angle Supervision

Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor (SOM)

Smart Signal Unit SSU32

non-redundant power supply

Power Quality Monitor (PQM)


Phase to Phase and Phase to Neutral Voltages
Positive, Negative and Zero-Sequence Quantities
Single Phase Voltage and Current Quantities
Active, Reactive and Apparent Power Quantities
Voltage and Current Harmonics up to 49th/ 50th order
according to IEC 61000-4-7
Harmonic Voltage and Current Indices according to
IEC 61000-3-6 and BDEW 2008
Flicker Assessment according to IEC 61400-21
Flicker Meter according to IEC 61000-4-15

Power Plant Monitor (PPM)


AVR/Exciter performance supervision
Prime Mover and associated controls supervision
(boiler control, primary control, etc.)

Multifunctional Disturbance and


Event Recorder
Digital Fault Recorder (DFR)
Dynamic Disturbance Recorder (DDR)
Multi-Time-Frame Recording incl. Long Term
Trend Monitoring (LTM)
Sequence of Event Recorder (SOE)
Specific DAQ-rates for fast, mid-term and slow
transients
Synchronized Trigger Handling across all CMU
connected Smart Signal Units (SSU)

Grid Code Monitor (GCM)


Grid Code Compliance Verification
Support of various Grid Code Definitions incl.
ENTSO-E, FERC, EEGG/TR4, China BG/T, South Africa

Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)

Supervision of generator shaft oscillations

LAN link to SSU15/32-C/E


Basic Features
CMU hardware and software
Web Interface
non-redundant power supply
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1 signal synchronization
15 analogue input channels
16 digital inputs channels
7 digital output channels
Option
portable version

Supported Extensions
GPS / 1 signal synchronization
32 analogue input channels
16 digital input channels
7 digital output channels

Options
portable version

Signal Unit SU32

PFM Functional OvervieW

Power from SSU32-C-E USB link to SSU32-C-E

The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor is an integrated, multifunctional data acquisition system that covers recording, monitoring and analysis of signals
in all relevant time frames. It is especially designed to cover all needs of Transmission, Distribution and Generation on all voltage levels. Flexible hardware
and software components allow for the configuration of portable systems, stand alone cabinet mounted installations as well as LAN based multiple units
multiple location systems being coordinated and supervised via Master Stations.

Supported Extensions
GPS / 1 signal synchronization
32 analogue input channels

Multi-time Frame Recording


Basic Features

16 digital input channels

CMU hardware and software

Option

Web Interface

portable version

non-redundant power supply


DFR Digital Fault Recorder
SOE Sequence of Event Recorder
SOM Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor

DDR
DSM
PMU

Dynamic Disturbance Recorder


Dynamic System Monitor
Phasor Measurement Unit

PPM Power Plant Monitor


GCM Grid Code Monitor
SOM Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor

DSM
LTM
PPM

Dynamic System Monitor


Long-Term Monitor
Power Plant Monitor

GCM Grid Code Monitor


PQM Power Quality Monitor

The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor provides an excellent overview on grid operation aspects. Capturing of fault transients, e.g. caused by short circuits,
grid synchronization or ferro-resonance phenomena, mid-term transients such as power-frequency and voltage excursions as well as the monitoring of
steady-state grid characteristics are covered by the multi-time frame recording mechanism.

Supported Extensions
GPS / 1 signal synchronization
32 analogue input channels
16 digital input channels
7 digital output channels

Key functions which could be operated simultaneously are:


Fast transients (FT)
Triggered instantaneous value and event recording (DFR, SOE, SOM)

Mid-term transients (MDT)


Triggered mid-term fundamental frequency signal and event recording
(DDR, DSM, PPM, GCM, SOM)
Continuous mid-term fundamental frequency signal recording (PMU)

Slow transients (FT)


Continuous slow fundamental frequency signals recording
(DSM, LTM, PPM, GCM and PQM)

Any quantity which could either be a native signal as well as a numerically


derived signal, deviating from normal conditions is captured, recorded and
analysed. In addition, on-line analysis of signals is provided featuring the
detection of inherent problems like system and control oscillations, supervision of connection conditions or power quality aspects. The PowerFactory
Monitor is a standalone system including all necessary hardware and software
functions for signal conditioning, signal conversion, data storage and
processing, calculation and documentation. In addition, remote access is
supported via modem, TCPI/IP networks, WWW and special SCADA interface
techniques. Several monitoring systems can be synchronized to 1s using GPS
clock for precise parallel sampling and recording analysis.

32 GB Flash Memory

SSU-32 / CMU
Intel Embedded i7, 4 GByte DDR
128/256 GByte SSD Storage
Communication

50 cycles/s: up to 25.6 kHz

Fast Transients Recording Stream


Pre-fault time: user selectable (typical: 0.1-5s)
Post-fault time: user selectable (typical: 0.1-5s)
Re-trigger:

Options
Extendable with up to 4 Signal Units (SU32) totalling
to up to 160 analogue channels and 80 digital input
channels
Extendable with up to 8 Smart Signal Units (SSU32)
totalling to up to 288 analogue channels and 144
digital input channels
Extendable with up to 256 digital signal inputs
(DU128/256) totalling to up to 336 digital input
channels

supported, various setting options

Ethernet network, TCP/IP protocol, 10/100/1000Mb/s

Mid-Term Transients/ Phasor


Recording Stream

PFM-DsProtocol, C37.118 PMU protocol

Pre-fault time: user selectable (typical: 1-60s)

LAN ports: 2*rear, 1*front

Post-fault time: user selectable (typical: 10-600s)


supported, various setting options

SU-D128 / SU-D256
Basic Features
DU hardware
Power from SSU32-C-E
LAN link to SSU32-C-E
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1 ms signal synchronization
128/256 digital input channels

SU32: 3*HU

Slow Transients Recording Stream

SSU15-C: 4*HU

Continuous recording of any input signals or user


defined signal with typical sampling rates of 0.1-10
samples/s

SSU32, SSU32-C, SSU32-C/E: 7*HU


Supply Voltage
100-360 VDC and 90 -240 VAC

Triggering
Threshold and gradient on any input and user defined
signal (voltage, power, frequency, phase, sequence
quantity, etc.).

Analogue Channels

Dynamic Trigger on calculated quantities


(signal oscillation, PQ-criteria, step changes, etc.)

Current Input
Input :

3x 1 or 5 A (nominal)

Range:

4x In

Accuracy:

0.1%

Overload:

150 A, 1s; 4x In cont.

Manual triggering on visually observed signals and


test commands
High Precision Soft Transducer
Signal frequency and phase
All relevant RMS quantities on phases and sequence
components
Power Quality

Voltage Input

Sag / swell, True RMS

Input :

3x 150V p-n

Flicker meter (IEC61000-4-15)

Range:

2x Vn

Flicker assessment (IEC61400-21)

Accuracy:

0.08%

Harmonics (even, odd, interharmonics up to 50th


order according to IEC 61000-4-7)

Option
portable version

Recording interval 24x7 over several years

SU / SSU Channel Characteristics

15/32 analogue channels / SU / SSU, flexible input


configuration

Small signals Input


1mV, 10mV, 1V, 10V, 20mA

IEC 61850 (Optional)


IEC 60870-5-101, IEC 60870-5-104
Digital status input/outputs
Relay outputs

60 cycles/s: up to 30.72 kHz

19 Enclosure

SSU32-C /E
Basic Features

Slow Transients

Intel Celeron, 2 GByte DDR

IEEE C37.118 PMU protocol

Modbus TCP

20 Bit Options
Up to 512 samples per cycle

SSU-15

redundant power supply

SU hardware

Mid-term Transients

Alarm contacts: 1 alive and 6 programmable (optional)

GPS time stamping (1s)

Re-trigger:

IEEE C37.118 /2005 compliance

Fast Transients

Self-diagnostic, watch-dog and auto-boot

PFM2PFM communication via TCP/IP based


PFM-DsProtocol

PFM Software Features


Recording Functions
The DIgSILENT PFM features four types of recording
mechanisms:

IEEE C37.118 protocol


The PFM can work as a phasor measurement unit
(PMU) and outputs a C37.118 stream to any phasor
data concentrators (PDC). The PFM has also a
C37.118 input for existing PMUs in the field.

Slow Transients Monitoring

Real Time Phasors

The PFM monitoring process is continuously reading


all signals from the signal unit, calculating RMS and
harmonics quantities (snapshot recording). Monitoring signals are stored with a sampling rate of 1 Hz or
below (typically 0.2 Hz). Monitoring is quite comparable with trending features of a SCADA system.
However, such monitoring archives could be easily
reviewed within the PFM system to get an initial and
fast overview on the daily system operation. The PFM
recording space is sufficient to store the complete
information of a number of years.

On basis of the flexible setup of the PowerFactory


Monitor being based on the PowerFactory software
frame and high level slot function definitions, various
specific measuring devices can be configured.
A typical application of such flexibility would be the
real time phasor measurement where various phasor
quantities are derived from local information, stored,
analysed or passed further to remote systems for
coordinated stability evaluation.

Mid-term Transient Recording


RMS recording is event driven based on trigger
conditions. Typical RMS values recorded are: voltages
(phase voltages, +/-/0-sequence voltages), currents,
active/reactive/apparent power, power factor,
frequency, frequency gradient, etc. The recording
rate for RMS values is adjustable, typically up to 2
samples/cycle. RMS recording archives are created for
each triggered event. RMS recording periods can be
freely configured. Typical settings are 60s pre-trigger
time and 600s post trigger time with any number of
re-trigger recording extensions.
Fast Transients Recording
Instantaneous values (IV values) recordings are also
based on trigger conditions. Typical values stored are
digital inputs, analogue inputs (signals from CTs and
PTs). The recording rate for IV values is typically 252
or 303 samples/cycle. IV recording periods can be
freely configured. Typical settings are 0.5 secs
pre-trigger time and 2.5 sec. post trigger time with
any number of re-trigger recording extensions.

Power Quality Recording


Capturing of voltage sags and high voltage
conditions along with the continuous monitoring and
recording of harmonic distortion, phase unbalance
and other quantities of interest, continuous power
quality monitoring is provided. Any recording such as
captured voltage sags or daily 24 hours power quality
records can be kept locally at the PFM or might be
automatically transferred to the Master Station for
centralized storage and review.
Supervision of Connection Conditions
Behaviour of power plants during grid upset
conditions as per defined Connection Conditions is
of crucial interest to guarantee stable grid operation
also in critical situations. Such requirement is
especially important for large wind parks or in
industrial systems with supply critical processes.
Automatic Analysis
On basis of standard PowerFactory DPL scripts,
the PFM/DSM features the automatic analysis of
monitoring data streams as well as recorded, event
triggered data sequences. This will allow a postprocessing of the many recording to determine its
severity and relevance for further expert analysis.
A typical standard feature of the automatic event
and monitoring analysis would be the performance of
automated printing of all recorded data sequences

DIgSILENT

DIgSILENT

Integrated, multifunction Dynamic System Monitor

The PowerFactory Monitor

Unbundling of electricity supply systems and the introduction of new technologies in all areas of generation, transmission and distribution has made power
system operation more complex. Supervision of generator performance according to Grid Codes and Connection Conditions, the stability supervision of large
transmission networks at specific locations, verification of power quality criteria in distribution systems as well as the determination and analysis of key
system parameters has generated the need for power system monitoring and grid supervision beyond classical fault recording and SCADA based trending.
Under those aspects, wide area monitoring (WAM) via phase measurement units (PMU) is just a special case of a monitoring application. The PowerFactory
Monitor fully integrates with DIgSILENT PowerFactory software featuring easy access of recorded data, analysis of trends, verification of system upset
responses and test results.

PFM Technical Specification

redundant power supply

PFM 300 Characteristics

Recording Functions

Communication

Trigger Conditions

PFM 300 Versions

portable version

Overview

Sampling Rate

Ethernet / modem (optional)

Up to 288 analogue and 336 digital input channels

Scan rate:

15,15kHz

Up to 7 relay outputs for alarms

50 cycles/s:

303 samples per cycle

Scan rate 15,15 kHz, 16 bits resolution


(optional: 30.72 kHz, 20 bits resolution)

60 cycles/s:

252 samples per cycle

Trigger conditions can be defined as required


(limits, gradients, equations, digital input etc.)
based on RMS and IV values. Complex algorithms
are available to allow for trigger set/reset conditions
to avoid nuisance triggering. Automatic re-triggering
is supported shall new events appear during postfault recording time thus extending the recording
period (multiple- events recording). Trigger time
labels are simply transferred via event file naming.
Captured data are stored in COMTRADE files in an
automatically created folder structure where for
each day/month/year a new subdirectory is created.
Handling of such data is made via the comfortable
PFM Master Station Software.

SSU15-C

Basic Features
SSU hardware

PFM Product Application


Dynamic System & Network
Performance Monitor (DSM)
Voltage Stability Monitoring and Steady-State
Instability Supervision
Generation Outage, Load Rejection and System
Frequency Response Analysis
Primary- and Secondary Response Supervision
Load Shedding Tuning and Optimization
Power System Stabilizer (PSS) Effectiveness Supervision
Power Oscillation Detection and Analysis
Tie-Line Power Exchange and Network Control
Characteristics
Control Performance Supervision and Identification
Generator and Load Parameter Identification
Phase Angle Supervision

Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor (SOM)

Smart Signal Unit SSU32

non-redundant power supply

Power Quality Monitor (PQM)


Phase to Phase and Phase to Neutral Voltages
Positive, Negative and Zero-Sequence Quantities
Single Phase Voltage and Current Quantities
Active, Reactive and Apparent Power Quantities
Voltage and Current Harmonics up to 49th/ 50th order
according to IEC 61000-4-7
Harmonic Voltage and Current Indices according to
IEC 61000-3-6 and BDEW 2008
Flicker Assessment according to IEC 61400-21
Flicker Meter according to IEC 61000-4-15

Power Plant Monitor (PPM)


AVR/Exciter performance supervision
Prime Mover and associated controls supervision
(boiler control, primary control, etc.)

Multifunctional Disturbance and


Event Recorder
Digital Fault Recorder (DFR)
Dynamic Disturbance Recorder (DDR)
Multi-Time-Frame Recording incl. Long Term
Trend Monitoring (LTM)
Sequence of Event Recorder (SOE)
Specific DAQ-rates for fast, mid-term and slow
transients
Synchronized Trigger Handling across all CMU
connected Smart Signal Units (SSU)

Grid Code Monitor (GCM)


Grid Code Compliance Verification
Support of various Grid Code Definitions incl.
ENTSO-E, FERC, EEGG/TR4, China BG/T, South Africa

Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)

Supervision of generator shaft oscillations

LAN link to SSU15/32-C/E


Basic Features
CMU hardware and software
Web Interface
non-redundant power supply
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1 signal synchronization
15 analogue input channels
16 digital inputs channels
7 digital output channels
Option
portable version

Supported Extensions
GPS / 1 signal synchronization
32 analogue input channels
16 digital input channels
7 digital output channels

Options
portable version

Signal Unit SU32

PFM Functional OvervieW

Power from SSU32-C-E USB link to SSU32-C-E

The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor is an integrated, multifunctional data acquisition system that covers recording, monitoring and analysis of signals
in all relevant time frames. It is especially designed to cover all needs of Transmission, Distribution and Generation on all voltage levels. Flexible hardware
and software components allow for the configuration of portable systems, stand alone cabinet mounted installations as well as LAN based multiple units
multiple location systems being coordinated and supervised via Master Stations.

Supported Extensions
GPS / 1 signal synchronization
32 analogue input channels

Multi-time Frame Recording


Basic Features

16 digital input channels

CMU hardware and software

Option

Web Interface

portable version

non-redundant power supply


DFR Digital Fault Recorder
SOE Sequence of Event Recorder
SOM Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor

DDR
DSM
PMU

Dynamic Disturbance Recorder


Dynamic System Monitor
Phasor Measurement Unit

PPM Power Plant Monitor


GCM Grid Code Monitor
SOM Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor

DSM
LTM
PPM

Dynamic System Monitor


Long-Term Monitor
Power Plant Monitor

GCM Grid Code Monitor


PQM Power Quality Monitor

The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor provides an excellent overview on grid operation aspects. Capturing of fault transients, e.g. caused by short circuits,
grid synchronization or ferro-resonance phenomena, mid-term transients such as power-frequency and voltage excursions as well as the monitoring of
steady-state grid characteristics are covered by the multi-time frame recording mechanism.

Supported Extensions
GPS / 1 signal synchronization
32 analogue input channels
16 digital input channels
7 digital output channels

Key functions which could be operated simultaneously are:


Fast transients (FT)
Triggered instantaneous value and event recording (DFR, SOE, SOM)

Mid-term transients (MDT)


Triggered mid-term fundamental frequency signal and event recording
(DDR, DSM, PPM, GCM, SOM)
Continuous mid-term fundamental frequency signal recording (PMU)

Slow transients (FT)


Continuous slow fundamental frequency signals recording
(DSM, LTM, PPM, GCM and PQM)

Any quantity which could either be a native signal as well as a numerically


derived signal, deviating from normal conditions is captured, recorded and
analysed. In addition, on-line analysis of signals is provided featuring the
detection of inherent problems like system and control oscillations, supervision of connection conditions or power quality aspects. The PowerFactory
Monitor is a standalone system including all necessary hardware and software
functions for signal conditioning, signal conversion, data storage and
processing, calculation and documentation. In addition, remote access is
supported via modem, TCPI/IP networks, WWW and special SCADA interface
techniques. Several monitoring systems can be synchronized to 1s using GPS
clock for precise parallel sampling and recording analysis.

32 GB Flash Memory

SSU-32 / CMU
Intel Embedded i7, 4 GByte DDR
128/256 GByte SSD Storage
Communication

50 cycles/s: up to 25.6 kHz

Fast Transients Recording Stream


Pre-fault time: user selectable (typical: 0.1-5s)
Post-fault time: user selectable (typical: 0.1-5s)
Re-trigger:

Options
Extendable with up to 4 Signal Units (SU32) totalling
to up to 160 analogue channels and 80 digital input
channels
Extendable with up to 8 Smart Signal Units (SSU32)
totalling to up to 288 analogue channels and 144
digital input channels
Extendable with up to 256 digital signal inputs
(DU128/256) totalling to up to 336 digital input
channels

supported, various setting options

Ethernet network, TCP/IP protocol, 10/100/1000Mb/s

Mid-Term Transients/ Phasor


Recording Stream

PFM-DsProtocol, C37.118 PMU protocol

Pre-fault time: user selectable (typical: 1-60s)

LAN ports: 2*rear, 1*front

Post-fault time: user selectable (typical: 10-600s)


supported, various setting options

SU-D128 / SU-D256
Basic Features
DU hardware
Power from SSU32-C-E
LAN link to SSU32-C-E
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1 ms signal synchronization
128/256 digital input channels

SU32: 3*HU

Slow Transients Recording Stream

SSU15-C: 4*HU

Continuous recording of any input signals or user


defined signal with typical sampling rates of 0.1-10
samples/s

SSU32, SSU32-C, SSU32-C/E: 7*HU


Supply Voltage
100-360 VDC and 90 -240 VAC

Triggering
Threshold and gradient on any input and user defined
signal (voltage, power, frequency, phase, sequence
quantity, etc.).

Analogue Channels

Dynamic Trigger on calculated quantities


(signal oscillation, PQ-criteria, step changes, etc.)

Current Input
Input :

3x 1 or 5 A (nominal)

Range:

4x In

Accuracy:

0.1%

Overload:

150 A, 1s; 4x In cont.

Manual triggering on visually observed signals and


test commands
High Precision Soft Transducer
Signal frequency and phase
All relevant RMS quantities on phases and sequence
components
Power Quality

Voltage Input

Sag / swell, True RMS

Input :

3x 150V p-n

Flicker meter (IEC61000-4-15)

Range:

2x Vn

Flicker assessment (IEC61400-21)

Accuracy:

0.08%

Harmonics (even, odd, interharmonics up to 50th


order according to IEC 61000-4-7)

Option
portable version

Recording interval 24x7 over several years

SU / SSU Channel Characteristics

15/32 analogue channels / SU / SSU, flexible input


configuration

Small signals Input


1mV, 10mV, 1V, 10V, 20mA

IEC 61850 (Optional)


IEC 60870-5-101, IEC 60870-5-104
Digital status input/outputs
Relay outputs

60 cycles/s: up to 30.72 kHz

19 Enclosure

SSU32-C /E
Basic Features

Slow Transients

Intel Celeron, 2 GByte DDR

IEEE C37.118 PMU protocol

Modbus TCP

20 Bit Options
Up to 512 samples per cycle

SSU-15

redundant power supply

SU hardware

Mid-term Transients

Alarm contacts: 1 alive and 6 programmable (optional)

GPS time stamping (1s)

Re-trigger:

IEEE C37.118 /2005 compliance

Fast Transients

Self-diagnostic, watch-dog and auto-boot

PFM2PFM communication via TCP/IP based


PFM-DsProtocol

PFM Software Features


Recording Functions
The DIgSILENT PFM features four types of recording
mechanisms:

IEEE C37.118 protocol


The PFM can work as a phasor measurement unit
(PMU) and outputs a C37.118 stream to any phasor
data concentrators (PDC). The PFM has also a
C37.118 input for existing PMUs in the field.

Slow Transients Monitoring

Real Time Phasors

The PFM monitoring process is continuously reading


all signals from the signal unit, calculating RMS and
harmonics quantities (snapshot recording). Monitoring signals are stored with a sampling rate of 1 Hz or
below (typically 0.2 Hz). Monitoring is quite comparable with trending features of a SCADA system.
However, such monitoring archives could be easily
reviewed within the PFM system to get an initial and
fast overview on the daily system operation. The PFM
recording space is sufficient to store the complete
information of a number of years.

On basis of the flexible setup of the PowerFactory


Monitor being based on the PowerFactory software
frame and high level slot function definitions, various
specific measuring devices can be configured.
A typical application of such flexibility would be the
real time phasor measurement where various phasor
quantities are derived from local information, stored,
analysed or passed further to remote systems for
coordinated stability evaluation.

Mid-term Transient Recording


RMS recording is event driven based on trigger
conditions. Typical RMS values recorded are: voltages
(phase voltages, +/-/0-sequence voltages), currents,
active/reactive/apparent power, power factor,
frequency, frequency gradient, etc. The recording
rate for RMS values is adjustable, typically up to 2
samples/cycle. RMS recording archives are created for
each triggered event. RMS recording periods can be
freely configured. Typical settings are 60s pre-trigger
time and 600s post trigger time with any number of
re-trigger recording extensions.
Fast Transients Recording
Instantaneous values (IV values) recordings are also
based on trigger conditions. Typical values stored are
digital inputs, analogue inputs (signals from CTs and
PTs). The recording rate for IV values is typically 252
or 303 samples/cycle. IV recording periods can be
freely configured. Typical settings are 0.5 secs
pre-trigger time and 2.5 sec. post trigger time with
any number of re-trigger recording extensions.

Power Quality Recording


Capturing of voltage sags and high voltage
conditions along with the continuous monitoring and
recording of harmonic distortion, phase unbalance
and other quantities of interest, continuous power
quality monitoring is provided. Any recording such as
captured voltage sags or daily 24 hours power quality
records can be kept locally at the PFM or might be
automatically transferred to the Master Station for
centralized storage and review.
Supervision of Connection Conditions
Behaviour of power plants during grid upset
conditions as per defined Connection Conditions is
of crucial interest to guarantee stable grid operation
also in critical situations. Such requirement is
especially important for large wind parks or in
industrial systems with supply critical processes.
Automatic Analysis
On basis of standard PowerFactory DPL scripts,
the PFM/DSM features the automatic analysis of
monitoring data streams as well as recorded, event
triggered data sequences. This will allow a postprocessing of the many recording to determine its
severity and relevance for further expert analysis.
A typical standard feature of the automatic event
and monitoring analysis would be the performance of
automated printing of all recorded data sequences

DIgSILENT

DIgSILENT GmbH

Company Profile

PFM Hardware Concept


The PowerFactory Monitor is based on the Control- and Monitoring Unit (CMU), the Signal Units (SU) and the Smart Signal Unit (SSU) which can be
combined in a flexible way aiming in a most preformat and economic solution adoptable to any individual needs.

SSU Smart Signal Unit


The SSU is an active, intelligent data acquisition system that can handle up to 32 analogue
and 16 digital channels. Channel characteristics can be configured in a flexible way
covering CT and VT signal types as well as small signals such as mA and mV. A wide range
of input cards is available to cope with any type of measurement task. Besides signal
conditioning and signal conversion, the SSU is passing the fast transient signals as well
as the mid-term transient, slow transient signal and power quality signals directly to
the PFM-DsProtocol backbone for further processing such as centralized triggering and
analysis. Optional, the SSU can be used as a stand-alone PMU communicating via the
PFM backbone using the IEEE C37.118 PMU protocol.

Analogue Signals

DIgSILENT GmbH

Company Profile

GPS RECEIVER

Smart Signal Unit


(SSU)

Digital Signals

POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND SOFTWARE

IEC 61850 / 60870

PFM-DsProtocol

IEEE C37.118PMU Protocol

2*GBit/s PFM Backbone

Power System Monitoring and Analysis

SU Signal Unit

The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor

The SU is an active data acquisition system that can handle up to 32 analogue and 16 digital channels. Channel characteristics can be configured in a
flexible way covering CT and VT signal types as well as small signals such as mA and mV. A wide range of input cards is available to cope with any type of
measurement task. After signal conditioning and signal conversion, the SU is passing the fast transient signals as via USB hub to a Smart Signal Unit (SS)
acting as a channel extender for applications where a large amount of analogue and digital channels are to be handled at one single point. Up to 160
analogue channels with most flexible configurations are supported via one single CMU/SSU with appropriate number of SU extensions. Further extensions
are possible via digital Signal Units. Processing of fast transients, mid-term transients, PQ signals as well as slow transients are processed via the CMU.
interfaces with manufacturer specific relay settings

CMU Control and Monitoring Unit

software and integrates with PowerFactory

The Control and Monitoring Unit (CMU) communicates via PFM-DsProtocol (SSU) with the data acquisitions units. Direct user interaction is provided via
Web-Server featuring the configuration of SSU, CMU as well as providing on-line view and operation of the supported integrated multifunctional aspects
(e.g. DFR, DSM, PQ, etc.). The CMU is directly accessible via the PFM Master Station for centralized operation of a distributed monitoring system. The following
functions are provided by the CMU:

software, allowing powerful and easy-to-use

Handling of CMU und SSU configuration


Definition and setting of trigger conditions covering all signals passed to the CMU
Definition and management of the FT, MDT and ST signals
Calculation of additional synthetic signals if required, processing of PQ signals
Online display of analogue and digital signals
Execution of SOE processing

The CMU is utilizing latest multi-core technologies featuring the handling


of a large amount of data and is equipped with high capacity storage
devices of at least 32 GB. Any CMU/SU/SSU hardware configuration is
establishing a fully featured integrated, multi-functional data acquisition
system that can be operated independently of any Master Station.
Data storage capacities are typically specified for handling and processing
recordings over many years. Access to the CMU is provided via Internet /
Web Interface.

Hardware supervision and communication with Master Stations

PFM Hardware Configur ations


Option 1 Distributed Smart Signal Units (SSU)
The PowerFactory Monitor (PFM) can be configured as per specific user requirements.
Most flexible operation is provided when accessing the CMU via the multi-user Master
Station featuring full flexible analysis of all readings collected from the various locations.
Independent of the operation and supervision of the various PFM systems installed at
several locations in a power system, the Web Interface can be used for commissioning
and unit-wise supervision of the various PFM components. The Smart Signal Unit (SSU)
shall be applied when signals from various locations within a substation, power plant or
from different other locations shall be collected. Typical applications would be dedicated
SSUs per bay, large substation with several voltage levels, collection of data of individual
generation units (conventional power plants with several units, wind turbines and wind
park substation, large PV installations with many central inverters).

Location 1

Location 2

Location 3

SSU

SSU

SSU

....

Location 4

SSU

PFM-DsProtocol

Master Station 1 /
PowerFactory

...

CMU
TCP/IP

TCP/IP

Master Station n /
PowerFactory

Web Interface
TCP/IP

User 1

User 2

User X

Option 2 Centrally connected Signals Units (SU)


Shall a huge amount of analogue or digital signals be considered that are brought to a central place, the most cost effective PFM configuration is then
based on a number of centrally installed Signal Units (SU) being connected via USB communication to the SSU. Respective setup is typically mounted in a
cabinet with all infrastructure required. Access to recorded data for backup and processing is again made via the PowerFactory Master Station supporting
multi-user operation as well as the optional interaction with the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. For configuration, commissioning and maintenance
service direct access via Web Interfaces is again possible independently of the Master Station.

settings co-ordination studies.


DIgSILENT Consulting
DIgSILENT GmbH is staffed with experts of various
disciplines relevant for performing consulting
services, research activities, user training,
DIgSILENT GmbH is a consulting and software

DIgSILENT PowerFactory

educational programs and software developments.

company providing engineering services in the

DIgSILENT develops the leading integrated

Highly specialized expertise is available in many

field of electrical power systems for transmission,

power system analysis software PowerFactory,

fields of electrical engineering applicable to

distribution, generation and industrial plants.

which covers the full range of functionality from

liberalized power markets and to the latest

standard features to highly sophisticated and

developments in power generation technologies

DIgSILENT GmbH was founded in 1985 and is

advanced applications including wind power,

such as wind power and dispersed genertion.

a fully independent, privately owned company

dispersed generation, real-time simulation and

DIgSILENT has provided expert consulting services

located in Gomaringen/Tbingen, Germany, where

performance monitoring for system testing and

to several prominent wind-grid integration studies.

the new offices have been in operation since

supervision. For wind power applications, Power

early 2002. DIgSILENT continued expansion by

Factory has become the power industrys de-facto

PowerFactory Monitor is a flexible performance

establishing offices in Australia, South Africa,

standard tool, due to PowerFactory models

recording and monitoring system that copes easily

Italy, Chile and Spain, thereby facilitating

and algorithms providing unmet accuracy and

and efficiently with the special requirements for

improved service following the world-wide

performance.

system test implementation, system performance


supervision and the determination and supervision

increased use of its products and services.


DIgSILENT has established a strong partner

DIgSILENT StationWare is a reliable central

of connection characteristics. Numerous Monitoring

network in many countries such as Mexico,

protection settings database and management

Systems installed at various grid locations can be

Malaysia, UK, Switzerland, Colombia, Brazil, Peru,

system for the complete power system substation

integrated to a Wide-Area-Measurement-System

Argentina, Iran, Venezuela and China. DIgSILENT

data based on latest .NET technology. Station-

(WAMS). The PowerFactory Monitor fully integrates

services and software installations have been

Ware stores and records all settings in a central

with the PowerFactory.

conducted in more than 110 countries.

database, allows modelling of relevant workflow


sequences, provides quick access to relay manuals,

Option 3 Portable PFM System


Limited to 15 analogue and 16 digital signals, a CMU and SSU can be combined in one single portable 19 rack (PFM300 SSU15-C, 4 HU). Optionally, a larger
system being able to handle 32 analogue and 16 digital signals is also available (PFM300 SSU32-C, 7 HU). The 32 channels system can be expanded with
further portable SUs or SSUs as required. Operational access to the portable PFM system, e.g. for PFM setup und mobile recording applications is
offered via Web Interface. The PowerFactory Master Station software is also available for mobile applications along with the PowerFactory functions.

DIgSILENT GmbH

72810 Gomaringen

Phone: +49-7072-9168-0

Internet: www.digsilent.de

Heinrich-Hertz-Strae 9

Germany

Fax: +49-7072-9168-88

E-mail: mail@digsilent.de

Product Summary
Integrated, multifunction
Dynamic System Monitor
Network Performance Monitor (DSM)
Dynamic Disturbance Recorder (DDR)
Digital Fault Recorder (DFR)
Continuous Recorder (CR)
Grid Code Monitor (GCM)
Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)
Power Plant Monitor (PPM)
Power Quality Monitor (PQM)
Long-term Trend Monitoring (LTM)
Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor (SOM)

Distributed, Hierarchical
Monitoring Concept
Multiple Smart Signal Units (SSU)
Plant & Substation Control and
Monitoring Unit (CMU)
Hierarchical Monitoring Structure
Multi-User Master Station Concept
Automated High Level Post Processing
Integrated with DIgSILENT PowerFactory

Flexible Hardware and


Software Concept
Cabinet-based and portable Systems
Flexible Smart Signal Unit Configuration
Advanced A/D Technology
Local- and Remote Operation Mode
PowerFactory based Software Technology

Product Benefits
Cost Effective Multi-Purpose
Solution
Multifunction Plant and
Substation Monitor
Wide-Area Monitoring and
Grid Supervision
Direct Interaction with
Analytical Grids Analysis

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