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The document discusses different types of analog filters - Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Elliptic. It explains that Butterworth filters have a maximally flat frequency response with no ripples but the slowest roll-off, requiring a higher order filter. Chebyshev filters allow ripple to achieve a faster roll-off with a lower order filter, and come in Type 1 and 2 varieties. Elliptic filters have the steepest roll-off but ripple in both passband and stopband, and nonlinear phase response.
The document discusses different types of analog filters - Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Elliptic. It explains that Butterworth filters have a maximally flat frequency response with no ripples but the slowest roll-off, requiring a higher order filter. Chebyshev filters allow ripple to achieve a faster roll-off with a lower order filter, and come in Type 1 and 2 varieties. Elliptic filters have the steepest roll-off but ripple in both passband and stopband, and nonlinear phase response.
The document discusses different types of analog filters - Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Elliptic. It explains that Butterworth filters have a maximally flat frequency response with no ripples but the slowest roll-off, requiring a higher order filter. Chebyshev filters allow ripple to achieve a faster roll-off with a lower order filter, and come in Type 1 and 2 varieties. Elliptic filters have the steepest roll-off but ripple in both passband and stopband, and nonlinear phase response.
(which means it has no ripples) in the passband and rolls off towards zero in the stopband. A first-order filter's response rolls off at 6 dB per octave (20 dB per decade) (all first-order lowpass filters have the same normalized frequency response). The roll off of Butterworth is smooth and monotonic compared to other filter types. Compared with a Chebyshev Type I/Type II filter or an elliptic filter, the Butterworth filter has a slower roll-off, and thus will require a higher order to implement a particular stopband specification, but Butterworth filters have a more linear phase response in the pass-band than Chebyshev Type I/Type II and elliptic filters can achieve. The Chebyshev response is a mathematical strategy for achieving a faster roll-off by allowing ripple in the frequency response. As the ripple increases (bad), the roll-off becomes sharper (good). The Chebyshev response is an optimal trade-off between these two parameters. Chebyshev filters where the ripple is only allowed in the passband are called type 1 filters. Chebyshev filters that have ripple only in the stopband are called type 2 filters, but are are seldom used. Chebyshev filters have a poor phase response. It can be shown that for a passband flatness within 0.1dB and a stopband attenuation of 20dB an 8th order Chebyshev filter will be required against a 19th order Butterworth filter. This may be important if you are using a lower specification processor. Compared to a Butterworth filter, a Chebyshev filter can achieve a sharper transition between the passband and the stopband with a lower order filter. The sharp transition between the passband and the stopband of a Chebyshev filter produces smaller absolute errors and faster execution speeds than a Butterworth filter. Chebyshev II filters have the same advantage over Butterworth filters that Chebyshev filters havea sharper transition between the passband and the stopband with a lower order filter, resulting in a smaller absolute error and faster execution speed.
The cut-off slope of an elliptic filter is steeper than that of a Butterworth,
Chebyshev, or Bessel, but the amplitude response has ripple in both the passband and the stopband, and the phase response is very non-linear. However, if the primary concern is to pass frequencies falling within a certain frequency band and reject frequencies outside that band, regardless of phase shifts or ringing, the elliptic response will perform that function with the lowest-order filter. Compared with the same order Butterworth or Chebyshev filters, the elliptic filters provide the sharpest transition between the passband and the stopband, which accounts for their widespread use. I conclude that based on the three analog filters (Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Elliptic), when the roll-off is sharper the ripple increases, but if we want a filter with no ripples the roll-off is less sharp the solution to obtain a sharper roll-off is to use the higher order of a certain filter.