Chapter 4 : Pure Bending

1.
2.
3.
4.

What is Pure Bending ?

Example of Pure Bending
How me work on Pure Bending problems ?
Why Pure Bending ?

displacement

max , M

Ahmad Kamal Kadir, UNITEN, MOM II, 2006

Pure Bending: Prismatic members subjected to equal and opposite couples

acting in the same longitudinal plane.
Eccentric Loading: Axial loading which does not pass through section centroid produces internal forces equivalent to an axial force and a couple.
Transverse Loading: Concentrated or distributed transverse load produces internal forces equivalent to a shear force and a couple.

Beam with a plane of symmetry in pure

bending:

member remains symmetric

bends uniformly to form a circular arc
cross-sectional plane passes through arc center and
remains planar
length of top decreases and length of bottom increases

Ahmad Kamal Kadir, UNITEN, MOM II, 2006

Useful (Important Formulas)

m =

M .c
I

Elastic Section Modulus ,

Alternative Form,

M .y
I

I
c
M
m =
S
S=

Substituting into above eq results

Consider a rectangular beam

I 121 bh 3 1 3 1
= 6 bh = 6 Ah
S= =
c
h 2

Between two beams with the

same cross-sectional area,
the beam with the greater
What is Neutral Surface / Axis ??

M .y
I

a neutral surface must exist that is parallel to the upper and lower surfaces
and for which the length does not
change
stresses and strains are negative
(compressive) above the neutral plane
and positive (tension) below it

Why (-)ve sign ? .

(hints : remember our universal notation )

Ahmad Kamal Kadir, UNITEN, MOM II, 2006

Determine stress at

Point A

Point B

(hints) : remember the important

formula.

m =

M .c

M .y
I

To find moment of Inertia, I

3
I, I = b.h mm4

3
I, I = b.h mm4

(1 / 12)(80 mm)(120 mm)3

(1 / 12)(40 mm)(80 mm)3

9.81333 x 10-6 m4

To find stress, ...

Part A (40 mm)

M .y
I
M .( 40 mm )
=
I
=

= 61 . 6 Mpa

Compression / Tension ??

Part B (-60 mm)

M .y
I
M .( 60 mm )
x =
I

x =

= 91 . 7 Mpa

Compression / Tension ??

Ahmad Kamal Kadir, UNITEN, MOM II, 2006

 max , M

displacement

Deformation due to bending

moment M is quantified by
the curvature of the neutral
surface

c
M
=
EI

m
Ec

1 Mc
Ec I

Recalling Example 4.1

M
=
EI
10.1kN .m
=
(73Gpa )( 4.38 x10 6 m 4 )

= 0 . 0316

= 31 . 7 m

Ahmad Kamal Kadir, UNITEN, MOM II, 2006

Determine maximum tensile and

compressive stress in portion
BC ?
(hints) : remember the important formula.

m =

M .c

M .y
I

What we have, and we do not have ?

We have none!!!

To find moment of inertia, I

Need to find the neutral surface, y

A, (mm2)

y, cg (mm)

A.y, (103 mm3)

200 x 25

187.5

937

25 x 150

100

375

100 x 25

12.5

31.25

11.25

1343.5
Y

1343 . 25
Y =
11 . 25
= 119 . 4 mm
0

80.6

N.S

119.4
3
X

Ahmad Kamal Kadir, UNITEN, MOM II, 2006

To find moment of Inertia, I

A.d2, (mm4)

I, (mm4)
1

(1/12) (200)(25)3

(1/12) (25)(150)

(1/12) (100)(25)3

I (total), (106 mm4)

5000(68.1)2
3750(19.4)2
2500(106.9)2

60.59 x 10-6 m4

To find moment , M
P
M

M - P.a = 0 ;
M = P.a = (100) (0.5)
M = 50 kN.m

So, we have everything now!!!!

P

To find max tensile and compressive stress ...

top =

M .y
(50000)(0.0806)
=
= 66.51MPa (compressive)
6
I
(60.59x10 )

bot =

M .y
(50000 )( 0 .1194 )
=
= 98 .53 MPa (tension )
I
( 60 .59 x10 6 )

Ahmad Kamal Kadir, UNITEN, MOM II, 2006