GROUP 3

1.FURKAN (E1Q011014)
2.GANDA WENANG S.
(E1Q011015)
3.HAERUL MUAMMAR
(E1Q011016)
4.HARDIYANTO
(E1Q011017)
5.HARI ARFAN (E1Q011018)
6. HILFAN (E1Q011018)

Dimension Analysis
Dimension analisys is one of physics measurement tools that often used as
the indicator for validity of a physics formula. The dimension of a quantity
describes how it is composed from basic quantities.
One of advantages in using dimension is that it can be used as the indicator
of validity of a physics formula. Both sides in physics formula must have the
same dimension.
Instrument
Length
Mass
Time
Temperature
Electric Current
Light Intensity
Amount of
Substance

Dimension
Symbol
L
M
T

I
J
N

Unit
m
kg
s
K
A
cd
mol

Difference From Dimension and Units:

Units has many type but dimension has only one.
For example; in length, there are many units can be found like meters, yard,
feet, inch, etc but its dimension just L
Example:
Is the formula for distance S =

1 2
at , with is a accelaration and t is time,
2

dimensionally correct ?
Answer :
To determine whether this formula is dimensionally correct, we have to prove
that the dimension in the left side is the same as the dimension in the right
side, thus the dimension analysis will be
[L] = [LT-2] [T2]
[L] = [L]

Both side have the same dimension , so the equation dimensionally corect.
But remember that dimensional analysis cannot be used to conclude that
and equation is correct. It is because an equation may contain
dimensionaless number, for example in the above equation. The number
cannot be obtained from dimensional analysis.
If the dimension in both sides is not the same, then the equation ios not
correct. But, if the dimension in both sides is the same, then the equation
may be correct.

Conversion of Units
In solving physics problem, sometime we find units that must converted first.
Its like from kilogram to gram, inch to meters, cc to meter cubic, km/hour to
m/s, etc.

This is other list that can help us to converting units:

1 inch = 2,54 cm
1 feet = 30,509 cm
1 mile = 5280 ft
1 sea mile = 1,15 mile
1 light year = 9,46 x 1015 meter
1 parsec = 3,26 light year
1 gallon = 3,78 liter
1 meters cubic = 35,31 ft-cubic
1 m/s = 3,28 ft/s
1 knot = 1,151 mile per our = 0,5144 m/s
1 bat = 1 efa = 36 liter

Example in converting units:

1 km/hour = 1.000 m/ 3.600 s =

5
m/s
18

1 kg/m3 = 1.000 g / 1.000.000 cm3 = 0,001 g/cm3

Order of magnitude calculation

It is often useful to compute an approximate answer to a given physical problem even
when little information is available. We will sometimes refer to an order of magnitude of a certain
quantity as the
power of ten of the number that describes that quantity. Usually, when an order-ofmagnitude
calculation is made, the results are reliable to within about a factor of 10. If
a quantity increases in value by three orders of magnitude, this means that its value increases
by a factor of about 103=1000. We use the symbol ~ for is on the order of.Thus,

0,0086 ~ 10-2

0,002 ~ 10-3

720 ~ 103

Significant Figures - Rules

Significant figures are critical when reporting scientific data because they give the reader an idea
of how well you could actually measure/report your data. Before looking at a few examples, let's
summarize the rules for significant figures.

1) ALL non-zero numbers (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) are ALWAYS significant.

2) ALL zeroes between non-zero numbers are ALWAYS significant.
3) ALL zeroes which are SIMULTANEOUSLY to the right of the decimal point AND at
the end of the number are ALWAYS significant.
4) ALL zeroes which are to the left of a written decimal point and are in a number >= 10
are ALWAYS significant.
A helpful way to check rules 3 and 4 is to write the number in scientific notation. If you can/must
get rid of the zeroes, then they are NOT significant.
Examples: How many significant figures are present in the following numbers?
Number

# Significant Figures

Rule(s)

48,923

3.967

900.06

1,2,4

0.0004

1,4

8.1000

1,3

501.040

1,2,3,4

3,000,000

10.0

1,3,4

This gives you some idea of how to determine the number of significant figures in a single
number.
To find out how to use this information when performing mathematical operations
(addition, subtraction, multiplication, division),

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION:

When adding or subtracting numbers, count the NUMBER OF DECIMAL PLACESto
determine the number of significant figures. The answer cannot CONTAIN MORE
PLACES AFTER THE DECIMAL POINT THAN THE SMALLEST NUMBER OF
DECIMAL PLACES in the numbers being added or subtracted.
Example:

252.8
2.37
255.17

8 is estimated figure (1 digit following decimal point)

7 is estimated figure (2 digit following decimal point)
the figure 1 and 7 are estimated figure

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION:

When multiplying or dividing numbers, count the NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT
FIGURES. The answer cannot CONTAIN MORE SIGNIFICANT FIGURES THAN
THE NUMBER BEING MULTIPLIED OR DIVIDED with the LEAST NUMBER OF
SIGNIFICANT FIGURES.

Example:

23.123123
(8 significant figures)
1.3344
x
(5 significant figures)
30.855495
(on calculator)
30.855 (rounded to 5 significant figures)

Scientific Notation
Sometimes, especially when you are using a calculator, you may come up with a very long
number. It might be a big number, like 2,890,000,000. Or it might be a small number, like
0.0000073.
Scientific notation is a way to make these numbers easier to work with. In scientific notation,
you move the decimal place until you have a number between 1 and 10. Then you add a
power of ten that tells how many places you moved the decimal.
In scientific notation, 2,890,000,000 becomes 2.89 x 109. How?

Remember that any whole number can be written with a decimal point. For example:
2,890,000,000 = 2,890,000,000.0

Now, move the decimal place until you have a number between 1 and 10. If you keep
moving the decimal point to the left in 2,890,000,000 you will get 2.89.

Next, count how many places you moved the decimal point. You had to move it 9 places
to the left to change 2,890,000,000 to 2.89. You can show that you moved it 9 places to
the left by noting that the number should be multiplied by 109.

2.89 x 109 = 2.89 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10

2.89 x 109 = 2,890,000,000
Scientific notation can be used to turn 0.0000073 into 7.3 x 10-6.

First, move the decimal place until you have a number between 1 and 10. If you keep
moving the decimal point to the right in 0.0000073 you will get 7.3.

Next, count how many places you moved the decimal point. You had to move it 6 places
to the right to change 0.0000073 to 7.3. You can show that you moved it 6 places to the
right by noting that the number should be multiplied by 10-6.

7.3 x 10-6 = 0.0000073

Remember: in a power of ten, the exponentthe small number above and to the right of the 10
tells which way you moved the decimal point.

A power of ten with a positive exponent, such as 105, means the decimal was moved to
the left.

A power of ten with a negative exponent, such as 10-5, means the decimal was moved to
the right.

Powers of Ten
billions
109 = 1,000,000,000
10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 =
1,000,000,000
millions
106 = 1,000,000
10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 1,000,000
hundred thousands
105 = 100,000
10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 100,000
ten thousands
104 = 10,000
10 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 10,000

thousands
103 = 1,000
10 x 10 x 10 = 1,000
hundreds
102 = 100
10 x 10 = 100
tens
101 = 10
ones
100 = 1
tenths
101 = 1/10
1/10 = 0.1
hundredths
102 = 1/102
1/102 = 0.01
thousandths
103 = 1/103
1/103 = 0.001
ten thousandths
104 = 1/104
1/104 = 0.0001
hundred thousandths
105 = 1/105
1/105 = 0.00001
millionths
106 = 1/106
1/106 = 0.000001
billionths
109 = 1/109
1/109 = 0.000000001