Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Composites
Presentation to the
Bridging the Gap
Conference at ORNL
Amit K Naskar
Secondary
aircraft
structures
Low-weight high
pressure gas storage
tank
Retrofit and
new
construction
in days
rather than
months Moldable conducting
composite (EMI shielding)
Composite
cored
conductor
(Low CTE)
10% mass savings = 6-7% fuel savings
In deep water strength or
stiffness/mass is critical
PBO
Zylon
PBO
E-Glass
Kevlar
PAN
M5
TM
SiC
Nicalon
Low
cost
MESOPHASE
PITCH
RAYON
Alumina
Nylon
ISOTROPIC
PITCH
Carbon fibers are widely used for high performance cars, aircraft, sports goods, but
the conventional PAN-based fibers are expensive.
PRE-TREATMENT
LOW temp.
SURFACE TREATMENT
Oxidation Stage:
Four identical furnaces operated at
different temperature zones
HIGH Temp.
SIZING
CARBONIZATIONS
SPOOLING
Spooling &
Packaging
Surface
Treatment
$0.61
$0.41
$0.37
$0.33
Carbonization/
Graphitization
Stabilization
& Oxidation
$2.32
$1.48
$1.54
$0.99
Precursors
$5.04
$4.64
12
9
51
10
18
Precursor
Labor
Depreciation
5 nm
2 nm
Hunt, Saito, Brown, Kumbhar, Naskar, Advanced Materials, 24, 2386-2389 (2012)
20 nm
Hardwood Lignin
H. H. Nimz, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 13, 313 (1974)
Softwood Lignin
E. Adler, Wood Science & Technology, 11, 169 (1977)
HO
HO
HO
coniferyl alcohol
(> 90%)
CH3O
HO
p-coumaryl alcohol
CH3O
HO
CH3O
HO
coniferyl alcohol
synapyl alcohol
(various ratios)
OCH3
HO
HO
Artificially increased lignin molecular weight through chemical modification helps to enhance
performance of synthesized precursor. We are currently investigating how to translate that to
carbonized fibers by:
Atmospheric plasma
Highly efficient and flexible ORNL Thermo-chemical and Atmospheric Plasma surface treatments
Applied R&D
Fiber Processing
Process Science
Manufacturing &
Commercialization
25 ton/yr carbon fiber pilot
line facility start up in 2013
Microwave/plasma-based
conversion processes
reduce residence time
and energy demand
Large IP portfolio available for
licensing
Developing key partnerships
in multiple industries
PRECURSOR
FIBERS
Solution
Spinning
PAN
Melt-spun
Polyolefin
Melt
Spinning
Lignin
CONVERSION
RAW
MATERIALS
Highly Flexible
Thermal
Process
Atmospheric
Pressure
Plasma
Microwave
Assisted
Plasma
Plasma
Surface
Treatment
COMPOSITE
FORMULATION
TESTING &
PROTOTYPING
Resin Design
Matrix
Formulation
Pre-pregging
Weaving
Testing
Pre-forming
And
Molding
Prototyping
Filament
Winding
Curing
Etc.
APPLICATIONS
STRUCTURAL
Vehicles
Wind
Defense
Aerospace
Oil & Gas
Infrastructure
NON STRUCTURAL
Flame Retardant
Energy Storage
Filtration
Thermal Mgmt.
Electrodes
Managed by UT-Battelle
for the U.S. Department of Energy