SAGAR INSTITUTE OF

RESEARCH
&TECHNOLOGY,BHOPAL

Synopsis
on
common base transistor
characteristics

Submitted by: -

Manish kumar
 INDEX
1. OBJECTIVE
2. INTRODUCTION
3. THEORY
4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
5. COMPONENT USED
6. COMPONENT SPECIFICATION
& DATA SHEET
1.OBJECTIVE:- To design the
electronic circuit in common base
configuration & study its characteristics

2.INTRODUCTION:-
• Bipolar transistors are so named
because the controlled current
must go through two types of
semiconductor material: P and N.
The current consists of both
electron and hole flow, in different
parts of the transistor.
• Bipolar transistors consist of either
a P-N-P or an N-P-N semiconductor
“sandwich” structure.
• The three leads of a bipolar
transistor are called the Emitter,
Base, and Collector.
• Transistors function as current
regulators by allowing a small current
to control a larger current. The
amount of current allowed b/w
collector and emitter is primarily
determined by the amount of current
moving between base and emitter.
• In order for a transistor to properly
function as a current regulator, the
controlling (base) current and the
controlled(collector)currents must be
going in the proper directions:meshing
additively at the emitter and going
against the emitter arrow symbol.

.The transistors can be connected in

the following three different
configurations.
1. Common base
configuration
2. Common collector
configuration
3. Common emitter
configuration
3.THEORY:-
Transistor operation
• The emitter-base junction is forward
biased
• The base-collector junction is reverse
biased
 Currents in a transistor
• Emitter current is sum of the
collector and base currents:
IE =IC+IB
• The collector current is comprised
of two currents
IC = IC + I CO
majority minority
 Common-Base Configuration

• The base is common to both

input (emitter–base) and
 output (collector–base) of the
transistor.
Common-Base Amplifier
• Input Characteristics
• This curve shows the
relationship between of input
current (IE) to input voltage
(VBE) for three output voltage
(VCB) levels.
Output Characteristics
• This graph demonstrates
the output current (IC) to an
output voltage (VCB) for
various levels of input
current (IE).
Operating Regions
• Active – Operating range
of the amplifier.
• Cutoff – The amplifier is
basically off. There is
voltage, but little current.
• Saturation – The amplifier
is full on. There is current,
but little voltage.
Approximations
• Emitter and collector
currents:-
I ≅I
C E

• Base-emitter voltage:-

VBE = 0.7 V (for Silicon)

• Current amplification factor:-

Alpha (α):- ratio of IC to IE
IC
αdc =
IE

• Ideally:- α = 1In reality: a is

between 0.9 and 0.998
• Alpha (α ) in the AC mode:-
ΔI C
αac =
ΔI E
4.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :-

5.COMPONENT USED :-
1. Resistor
 2. Capacitor
3. Transistor
7. COMPONENT SPECIFICATION &
DATA SHEET :-