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MISINTRODUCTION
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/management_information_system/management_information_system.htm
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Tothemanagers,ManagementInformationSystemisanimplementationoftheorganizationalsystems
andprocedures.Toaprogrammeritisnothingbutfilestructuresandfileprocessing.However,itinvolves
muchmorecomplexity.
ThethreecomponentsofMISprovideamorecompleteandfocuseddefinition,whereSystemsuggests
integrationandholisticview,Informationstandsforprocesseddata,andManagementistheultimate
user,thedecisionmakers.
Managementinformationsystemcanthusbeanalyzedasfollows:

Management
Managementcoverstheplanning,control,andadministrationoftheoperationsofaconcern.Thetop
managementhandlesplanningthemiddlemanagementconcentratesoncontrollingandthelower
managementisconcernedwithactualadministration.

Information
Information,inMIS,meanstheprocesseddatathathelpsthemanagementinplanning,controllingand
operations.Datameansallthefactsarisingoutoftheoperationsoftheconcern.Dataisprocessedi.e.
recorded,summarized,comparedandfinallypresentedtothemanagementintheformofMISreport.

System
Dataisprocessedintoinformationwiththehelpofasystem.Asystemismadeupofinputs,processing,
outputandfeedbackorcontrol.
ThusMISmeansasystemforprocessingdatainordertogiveproperinformationtothemanagementfor
performingitsfunctions.

Definition
ManagementInformationSystemor'MIS'isaplannedsystemofcollecting,storing,and
disseminatingdataintheformofinformationneededtocarryoutthefunctionsof
management.

ObjectivesofMIS
ThegoalsofanMISaretoimplementtheorganizationalstructureanddynamicsoftheenterpriseforthe
purposeofmanagingtheorganizationinabetterwayandcapturingthepotentialoftheinformation
systemforcompetitiveadvantage.

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FollowingarethebasicobjectivesofanMIS:
CapturingData:Capturingcontextualdata,oroperationalinformationthatwillcontributein
decisionmakingfromvariousinternalandexternalsourcesoforganization.
ProcessingData:Thecaptureddataisprocessedintoinformationneededforplanning,
organizing,coordinating,directingandcontrollingfunctionalitiesatstrategic,tacticaland
operationallevel.Processingdatameans:
makingcalculationswiththedata
sortingdata
classifyingdataand
summarizingdata
InformationStorage:Informationorprocesseddataneedtobestoredforfutureuse.
InformationRetrieval:Thesystemshouldbeabletoretrievethisinformationfromthestorage
asandwhenrequiredbyvarioususers.
InformationPropagation:InformationorthefinishedproductoftheMISshouldbecirculated
toitsusersperiodicallyusingtheorganizationalnetwork.

CharacteristicsofMIS
FollowingarethecharacteristicsofanMIS:
Itshouldbebasedonalongtermplanning.
Itshouldprovideaholisticviewofthedynamicsandthestructureoftheorganization.
Itshouldworkasacompleteandcomprehensivesystemcoveringallinterconnectingsubsystems
withintheorganization.
Itshouldbeplannedinatopdownway,asthedecisionmakersorthemanagementshouldactively
takepartandprovidecleardirectionatthedevelopmentstageoftheMIS.
Itshouldbebasedonneedofstrategic,operationalandtacticalinformationofmanagersofan
organization.
Itshouldalsotakecareofexceptionalsituationsbyreportingsuchsituations.
Itshouldbeabletomakeforecastsandestimates,andgenerateadvancedinformation,thus
providingacompetitiveadvantage.Decisionmakerscantakeactionsonthebasisofsuch
predictions.
Itshouldcreatelinkagebetweenallsubsystemswithintheorganization,sothatthedecisionmakers
cantaketherightdecisionbasedonanintegratedview.
Itshouldalloweasyflowofinformationthroughvarioussubsystems,thusavoidingredundancyand

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duplicityofdata.Itshouldsimplifytheoperationswithasmuchpracticabilityaspossible.
AlthoughtheMISisanintegrated,completesystem,itshouldbemadeinsuchaflexiblewaythatit
couldbeeasilysplitintosmallersubsystemsasandwhenrequired.
AcentraldatabaseisthebackboneofawellbuiltMIS.

CharacteristicsofComputerizedMIS
FollowingarethecharacteristicsofawelldesignedcomputerizedMIS:
Itshouldbeabletoprocessdataaccuratelyandwithhighspeed,usingvarioustechniqueslike
operationsresearch,simulation,heuristics,etc.
Itshouldbeabletocollect,organize,manipulate,andupdatelargeamountofrawdataofboth
relatedandunrelatednature,comingfromvariousinternalandexternalsourcesatdifferentperiods
oftime.
Itshouldproviderealtimeinformationonongoingeventswithoutanydelay.
Itshouldsupportvariousoutputformatsandfollowlatestrulesandregulationsinpractice.
Itshouldprovideorganizedandrelevantinformationforalllevelsofmanagement:strategic,
operational,andtactical.
Itshouldaimatextremeflexibilityindatastorageandretrieval.

NatureandScopeofMIS
ThefollowingdiagramshowsthenatureandscopeofMIS:

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