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free web based HDPE and PVC pressure pipe calculator that
follows ASTM and AWWA standards
Disclaimers
I am a product independent academic and
researcher
I am not paid to represent any pipe manufacturers
or suppliers
AWWA C901
AWWA
C906
AWWA
C900/C905
PE3608
PE 4710
@ 1000 psi
PE3608
PE 4710
@1000 psi
PE3608
PE4710
@800 psi
PVC12454
PVC12454
@ 2000 psi
PVC12454
Min ID
Flow
Pressure
Disinfectant
AWWA
C901
1000psi
PVC
AWWA
C906
AWWA
C900/C905
800psi
800psi
2000psi
10
HDPE
AWWA M55
WPR
PC x FT
WPR + Pos
2.0 x PC x FT
1.6 x PC x FT
WPR + PRS
1.5 x PC x FT
PC x FT
11
PVC
AWWA
C900/C905
Continuous Long-Term
Temperature
< 81oF
81 90oF
91-100oF
80oF
90oF
100oF
FT
0.88
0.75
0.62
12
AWWA
C901
125 psi
AWWA
C906
PVC
DR-18
AWWA
C900
C905
100 psi
100 psi
235 psi
13
TypicalPressureFluctuationfrom
SuddenValveClosureinDR11Pipe
Pressure
(bar)
LoadRate~120psig/sec
Time(seconds)
G.P.Marshall,S.Brogden,M.A.Shepherd(1998)EvaluationoftheSurgeandFatigueResistanceofPVCand
PEPipelineMaterialsforuseintheU.K.WaterIndustry,
PlasticsPipeX,Goteburg,Sweden
14
15
Surge Design
Design system such that it can withstand the
highest expected surge load event over its
design life
While a full transient analysis is recommended,
a full flow stoppage at the max. flow velocity
provides a good basis for considering surge
events.
16
Surge - Analysis
Joukowsky Equation:
Ps = a(V/2.31g)
Ps = surge (psi)
a = wave velocity (ft/s)
V = change in velocity (fps)
g = acceleration due to gravity (32 ft/sec2)
17
Maximum Design
Velocity for Normal Flow
(fps)
25
20
15
10
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51
19
Fatigue Design
Recurring surges:
frequently occurring surges caused by
normal pipe operations like opening and
closing of pumps and valves, AWWA PE M55
may occur up to millions of times in a
piping systems lifetime AWWA PVC C905-10
20
Fatigue Design
Occasional surges:
Caused by emergency operations
Often the result of a malfunction, such
as a power failure or system component
AWWA PE M55
failure
21
22
23
24
PE4710RecurringSurgePipeTests
(cycles0to1.5xPC)
Test Specimens
Cycles at 1.5 x PC
(Recurring Surge)
Status
11,213,023
Straight Pipe
10,038,073
6,754,833
10,952,363
No
Failures
11,017,153
TestsconductedbyJanaLabsSeeCrabtreeetal.,PPXVI,2012
Aftercompletionpipescycledfrom0to2xPC
for2739to6665cyclesnofailures Showslotsofliferemaining
25
NumberofCyclestoFailure
StressforPE4710at1.5x PC=1500psi(10.34MPa)
Jana4tests
4thGenerationPE
at1500psi
1450psi
1st GenerationPE
G.P.Marshall,S.Brogden,M.A.Shepherd(1998)EvaluationoftheSurgeandFatigueResistanceofPVCandPE
PipelineMaterialsforuseintheU.K.WaterIndustry,
26
PlasticsPipeX,Goteburg,Sweden
27
http://ppipace.com/
28
PPI-PACE: Purpose
1. Developauserfriendly,free&onlinepipesoftware
2. Provideprelim.calculationsforoperatingpressure,
surgepressureandfatiguedesignlife.
3. Assistdesignersandownersintheevaluationofplastic
pipeforwaterdistribution,transmissionandforcemains
4. Implementexistingstandardsandmethods:AWWA
C900/C901/C905/C906,M55andASTMF714/D2241.
29
PPI-PACE Defaults
Recurring Surge
Velocity
Occasional Surge
velocity
Working
Pressure
Anticipated
Surges per day
Temperature
Min. Design Life
Default
5 fps
Allowable Range
4 8 fps
8 fps
5 - 15 fps
70 psi
40 psi (min.)
55 cycles
57 oF
100 years
40-100 oF
50 (min.)
30
31
Design Example
18 inch DIPS/CIOD
160 psi Operating Pressures
4.0 fps Recurring Flow Velocity
7 fps Occasional Flow Velocity
57oF Temperature
100 Year Design Life
55 cycles/day = approx. 2 million cycles/100 yrs
32
33
34
35
36
PE 4710 DR
13.5 (PC 160)
OK
PE 3608 DR
13.5 (PC 128)
NG
PVC DR 14
(PC 305) NG
37
38
39
Summary
HDPE and PVC are both good materials
According to existing approved design standards
HDPE has much fatigue life than PVC
PPI-PACE provides a simple, easy to use plastic
pipe design tool that follows existing design
standard methodologies