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Content
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1.1
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3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
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4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
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1.1
FPMR
R2.4
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
1.1.1
1+ 0 Configuration
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
1.1.2
1+0 Ring
The 1+0 Ring System Type is a 1+0 configuration with the facility to protect the
synchronization in the ring.
This system type must be used to implement the Ring Protection: two FlexiPacket
MultiRadios, interconnected through the ODU-ODU cable, configured as 1+0 Ring,
are connected to the Indoor Device, as shown in Fig. 2.
In this configuration the ring is made up of all FlexiPacket MultiRadios (the ring does
not include any IDU).
The synchronization is managed by the FlexiPacket MultiRadios.
The ODU-ODU cable carries the synchronization only.
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
1.1.3
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
ODU master
f1
ODU slave
ODU slave
HUB
f1
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FT48928EN03GLA0
. Nokia
. .Siemens
. .Networks
. .
2012
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1.1.3.1
ODU 1
CPU
Keep
alive
IDU
Port Odd
CPU
switch
Working
switch
Keep
alive E-CCM
Port Even
E-CCM
ODU 2
P-CCM
switch
Standby
CPU
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
1.1.4
In the single cable system type the protection ODU is connected via Ethernet
interface to the IDU or to a generic Indoor device.
The two Outdoor Units are connected via ODU-ODU cable.
In normal operation the protection ODU has the Transmitter turned off.
The Main ODU is active in both TX/RX directions.
When a failure occurs on the Main ODU, the Protection ODU removes the squelch
and starts to protect the radio link This system type does not protect in case of cable
or Protection ODU failure.
The protection of the system is revertive, that is, when the faulty unit is replaced,
rebecomes Main.
WARNING
please note that Main ODU needs to be powered separately.
Main
f0
Main
ODU-ODU Cable
Protection
Protection
f0
traffic
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
1.1.5
Frequency Diversity protection is implemented transmitting the same traffic flow over
two frequency channels (Fig. 6).
The two ODU (in both sides of the link) are directly connected by means of the ODUODU cable.
The Master ODU receiver selects the received signals on the basis of their estimated
noise level.
The master ODU is defined as the ODU that receives the traffic from IDU in normal
working conditions; secondary ODU receives the traffic from master ODU.
In normal working operation the traffic from the IDU is sent to the main ODU which
then reroutes it to the second ODU via direct ODU-ODU connection.
ACM is synchronized between the two channels.
ODU master
f1
f1
ODU-ODU cable
f2
f2
ODU slave
The two Outdoor Units are connected by means of the ODUODU cable
In normal conditions, each ODU is connected to the IDU via
its own IDU-ODU cable. Only IDU-ODU cable connected to
the Master ODU transports the payload to be transmitted
over the radio and to be provided in RX direction to the IDU.
The same payload is transmitted over two different
frequencies
The Rx signal is selected inside the Master ODU and
directed to the IDU
10
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
In case of radio fading, the ODU group assures the hitless restoration of the traffic.
Payload is not affected.
In case Master ODU fails, the Slave ODU becomes master, and the signal is restored
through the second IDU-ODU cable
Radio fading
ODU master
f1
ODU-ODU cable
f2
ODU slave
HUB
ODU fail
IDU-ODU cable
f1
f2
ODU slave
HUB
WARNING
1+1 Frequency Diversity is available with one or two antennas
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
11
1.1.6
In 2+0 load sharing (Radio link aggregation) configuration, the traffic is transmitted
over two radio channels (Fig. 8).
The radio link aggregation function ensures that the traffic coming from the IDU port
is shared among the two radio channels.
WARNING
2+0 Load sharing is the possibility to increase the transported capacity of a
radio link splitting the data traffic in two channels with 2+0 configuration. The
two channels have two different frequencies f1 and f2 (Fig. 8).
ACM works independently among the two radio links.
High priority traffic is preserved; low priority traffic is discarded when the RF pipes
reduce.
The main ODU is defined as the ODU that receives the traffic from IDU in normal
working conditions; secondary ODU receives the traffic from master ODU.
In normal working operation the traffic from the IDU is sent to the master ODU which
then splits it and reroutes part of it to the second ODU via direct ODU-ODU
connection
ODU master
f1
ODU-ODU cable
f1
f2
f2
ODU slave
12
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
WARNING
The two ODUs configured in the Protection Group must be interconnected by
means of the ODU-ODU interconnection cable.
The master ODU algorithm splits the traffic among the two RF Channels considering
the size of each pipe. The master ODU "scheduler and congestion avoidance
mechanism" ensures that the high priority traffic is kept when the two pipes reduce
their sizes due to ACM intervention.
In case of master ODU HW failure, the IDU reroute the traffic over the secondary
ODU.
In case of Secondary ODU failure, the main ODU interrupts the traffic flow to and
from the secondary ODU.
The ODU QoS algorithm preserves 50% of the traffic (high priority traffic).
ODU fail
ODU master
IDU-ODU cable
f1
f2
ODU slave
HUB
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
13
1.1.7
The 2+0 load sharing (radio link aggregation ) configuration can be also implemented
using XPIC (Fig. 10).
In this case, the master ODU performs also XPIC operations to reduce the crosspolar interference.
WARNING
2+0 XPIC Load sharing is the possibility to increase the transported capacity of
a radio link splitting the data traffic in two channels with 2+0 configuration. The
frequency of the two channels is the same but two different polarizations
(Horizontal and Vertical) are used.
f0H
f0v
Master ODU splits
the traffic among
the two RF
channels, taking
into account also
different ACM levels
XPIC is performed in
the main ODU,
Phase shift
information among
the RF channels are
exchanged through
ODU-ODU
connection
f0H
f0V
LPG
HUB
LPG
HUB
WARNING
XPIC is always implemented with one antenna dual polarization.
WARNING
The two ODUs configured in the Protection Group must be interconnected by
means of the ODU-ODU interconnection cable
14
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
1.1.8
The system is similar to the 2+0 XPIC, with the difference that only one cable is
connected to the IDU.
As in the others 2+0 systems, the ODUs are connected via ODU-ODU cable.
In case of HW failure, only the failure of the ODU that is not connected to the IDU is
protected.
Half of the capacity is saved on the remaining polarization (H/V), according to QoS
criteria.
WARNING
please note that Main ODU needs to be powered separately.
WARNING
This system type provides load sharing but does not protect in case of cable or
protection ODU failure.
Main
f0H
*
ODU-ODU Cable
f0v
Protection
f0v
traffic
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
15
1.1.9
Normal conditions:
Total Net Throughput = (Net Throughput link 1) + (Net Throughput link
2)
Protection:
Hardware Failure
Fading
Normal conditions:
Total Net Throughput = (Net Throughput link 1) + (Net Throughput link
2)
Frequency Optimization
Protection:
Hardware Failure
Polarized interference
The Load Balancing feature makes the FlexiPacket MultiRadio unique in the market
for the following characteristics:
1) Independency of the Indoor Units (IDUs)
16
The load balancing of traffic among the two radio links is managed by a
proprietary protocol, which allows for a complete usage of link net throughput
(no inefficiency due to overhead as for LACP in LAG, no hashing mechanisms
involved)
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
According to the type of license (which fixes the maximum capacity to be transmitted
by the FlexiPacket MultiRadio) and the available capacity over air (depending on the
channel bandwidth and the modulation scheme) two different traffic protection modes
are available:
2+0 maximum throughput
In normal conditions each ODU transmits half of the payload of a 2+0 link
In normal conditions each ODU transmits half of the payload of the 2+0 link
1.1.9.1
Example 1
Fig. 12
Nokia Siemens Networks
Both ODUs have a 200 Mps license and are set to ACM between min 16 QAM and
max 256 QAM. In normal condition each ODU transmits 100 Mbs with 256 QAM (200
Mps in total).
In case of failure of one ODU, the other ODU, working again with the 256 QAM,
increases the total amount of throughput up to 200 Mbps. The link is not affected.
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
17
Example 2
Fig. 13
Nokia Siemens Networks
In case of ACM switching on Secondary ODU, Main ODU takes the part of the traffic
that is not transmitted on the Slave ODU.
Total amount of transmitted traffic is not affected and the behaviour is hitless.
18
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
1.1.9.2
Example 1
Fig. 14
Nokia Siemens Networks
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
19
Example 2
Fig. 15
Nokia Siemens Networks
In case of ACM switching on Secondary ODU, Main ODU and Secondary ODU save
the payload according to QoS.
Total amount of transmitted traffic is reduced (depending on minimum modulation
level set for ACM) and the behavior is hitless for high priority traffic.
1.1.9.3
Both 2+0 modes, thanks to the possibility to directly integrate the two ODUs on one
Dual Pol. Antenna, does not introduce HSBY (balanced/unbalanced) losses, and
provide protection to fading (with load sharing) and hw failures.
20
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
1.1.10
Space Diversity protection is implemented receiving the same traffic flow over two
different antennas (Fig. 16).
The Main ODU receiver selects the received signals on the basis of their estimated
noise level.
The Main ODU (Master) is defined as the ODU that receives the traffic from IDU in
normal working conditions.
Secondary ODU (Slave) receives the traffic from primary ODU.
In normal working operation the traffic from the IDU is sent to the master ODU which
transmits it over air.
On receiver side the secondary ODU transmits the traffic to the main ODU via direct
ODU-ODU connection.
ODU master
f1
f1
ODU-ODU cable
ODU slave
f1
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
21
In case of radio fading, the ODU group assures the hitless restoration of the traffic.
Payload is not affected.
In case Master ODU fails, the Slave ODU becomes master, transmitting on the same
frequency, and the signal is restored through the second IDU-ODU cable
Radio fading
ODU master
f1
ODU-ODU cable
ODU slave
f1
HUB
ODU fail
ODU master
ODU-ODU cable
f1
ODU slave
HUB
22
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
The 1+1 Space Diversity operates on two radio links and it is characterized
by:
Single transmission frequency fo
Single Active Transmitter for each direction
Two Active Receivers for each direction
Two antennas for each site
Acting Master
TX: ON
RX: ON
Main ray
Main
Acting Slave
TX: OFF
RX ON
Acting Master
TX: ON
RX: ON
ra y
h ra
ipat
Mult
y
Acting Slave
TX: OFF
RX: ON
Interference
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
23
1.1.11
In the present release the allowed mixed-link configurations are listed in Fig. 19 ("C"
boxes).
24
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
1.1.12
This protection mode is applicable to BTS but in general can be used with generic
L2 devices.
The BTS (or L2 device, or IDU) is supposed to be basically unaware of the
presence of a protected radio link (1+1 HSBY).
The decision about which ODU is active at a given moment is taken
autonomously by the ODUs according to the configurations (Main/Protection and
Revertive/Unrevertive) and the status of the ODU.
The mechanism is based on CCM messages exchanges between the two ODUs.
The ODUs are connected via ODU-ODU cable.
In case of HW fault the protection ODU becomes main and starts
transmitting/receiving. The correspondant cable carries the traffic from IDU/BTS to
ODU.
3G BTS
ETH
ETH
Giga
Ethernet
traffic
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
25
1.1.13
This protection mode is based on the same principle described for 1+1 HSBY
The BTS (or L2 device, or IDU) is supposed to be basically unaware of the presence
of a protected radio link (2+0 XPIC w/ load sharing).
Both the ODUs are active at the same time. Only one cable carries the payload to the
main ODU. The second cable is for protection purposes.
The mechanism is based on CCM messages exchanges between the two ODUs.
The ODUs are connected via ODU-ODU cable.
f0H
f0v
3G BTS
ETH
ETH
Giga
Ethernet
traffic
26
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
27
WARNING
For complete information about installation, please, refer yourself to the
FlexiPacket MultiRadio Field Installation and Commissioning training
documentation.
FlexiPacket Radio is available with 2 different antenna interfaces:
XD mechanical compatibility
FH mechanical compatibility
For the compatibility with the FlexiHopper antennas a special adapter (to be installed
on the FlexiPacket MultiRadio) is available (Fig. 22).
FlexiPacket antennas are sized: 20, 30, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 180cm.
WARNING
The following schemes are referred to the XD mechanical compatibility
WARNING
Integrated Antenna mounting (single or dual polarized) is possible up to an
antenna diameter =< 180 cm. For bigger antennas diameter it's necessary to
use the separated mounting.
In this chapter, figures with the green border are for "Full packet and Hybrid
mode", figures with the blue border are for "Full Packet Mode" only and figures
with the orange border are for the "Hybrid Mode" only.
28
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
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30
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2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
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32
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2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
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33
34
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
Fig. 29 2+0 XPIC/2+0 FD (cross-polar) system with independent antenna (Full Packet Mode)
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
35
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
37
3.3
Increased bandwidth: the capacity of multiple links is combined into one logical
link.
Increased availability : a failure in one of the links will result in the traffic being
redistributed among the other active member links.
Load sharing
WARNING
Only six Ethernet ports on the front panel can be configured for LAG
3.4
RSTP/MSTP
40
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
4.1
FPH 800
R2.0EP1
E1
2G
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
41
4.3
Increased bandwidth: the capacity of multiple links is combined into one logical
link.
Increased availability : a failure in one of the links will result in the traffic being
redistributed among the other active member links.
Load sharing
WARNING
Only six Ethernet ports on the front panel can be configured for LAG
4.4
RSTP/MSTP
44
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
4.5
MSP is supported to protect STM-1 ports from link failures, e.g., fiber broken.
In release 2.0, for the two STM-1 ports available on mainboard, 1 + 1 unidirectional
MSP is supported, and it is fixed to non-revertive mode.
The traffic behavior of MSP is "source side bridges, sink side selects" (see Fig. 43).
The quality criteria to trigger sink end section includes Signal Failure (SF) and Signal
Degrade (SD).
FT48928EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks
45