National Aeronautics and Space Administration

5...4...3...2...1...

SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM

Strategic Investment Symposium
Welcome

Chris Crumbly
Space Launch System Program
www.nasa.gov/sls

Agenda
1:00 PM Welcome and Introduction Chris Crumbly
1:10 PM FPPO activities in support of NASAs Journey to Mars
Jody Singer
1:30 PM Overview of current SLS ADO Projects Dr. Fred Bickley
2:00 PM Outer Loop Evolvability Update Angie Jackman
2:30 PM Break
2:40 PM Upcoming Industry Forecast Bryan Barley
3:15 PM Upcoming Academic and In-House Forecast Mindy
Nettles
3:50 PM Closing Comments and General Q&A Dr. Fred Bickley
4:00 PM Conclusion and Networking Opportunity
www.nasa.gov/sls

Page 2

Marshall Space Flight Center

SLS Strategic Investment Symposium
April 20, 2015

marshall

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jody Singer
Manager, Flight Programs and Partnerships Office
www.nasa.gov

The International Space Station (ISS)

Mars

Increased Complexity and/or Performance Needs

Capability-Driven Steps for Deep Space

Human Exploration Roadmap
Mars

Surface
Moons
Fly-by
Lander

In-space
propulsion

BEO
Deep Space
Habitat
SLS

LEO

Orion
ISS

Critical capabilities
regardless of path

TIMELINE Dependent on Funding and Driven by Technology

Marshalls focus is on developing the critical capabilities

we will need regardless of the path

EvolvableMarsCampaign(EMC):PointingtheWayForward

TransportationAnalysis
HumanClass
MarsSurfaceLander

SLSExploration
Upperstage and
CoManifested
MarsCampaign
Cargo
Habitation

StagingPointLocation

SEP
ARMExtensibility
DeepSpaceSurfaceOperationsinmicrog

CapabilityDevelopment
Analysis

MarsandMarsMoons
SurfaceExploration

Early Habitation and EDL Pathfinder Lander

Near-Term Proving Ground Future Mission Candidates
Delivery of Early Habitation
Exploration Augmentation Module
4Crewfor3060Days

EDL Pathfinder Lander

Orion

ExplorationAugmentation
Module(EAM)

NotShown:
SLSBlock1B
ExplorationUpperStage(EUS)

Asteroid Redirect Crewed Utilization Mission

4Crewfor60 120Days
NotShown:
SLSBlock1B
ExplorationUpperStage(EUS)
Orion
AsteroidRoboticVehicle(ARV)
EvolvableDeepSpaceHabitat(EDSH)
LogisticsResupplyModule

Launch and Propulsion Initiatives

NASA is working with DOD to identify the best
ways to address technology needs and help
strengthen our industrial supplier base. These
efforts are critical to affordability and our
leadership.
Accomplishments:

SMC & MSFC signed Interagency Agreement

Liquid Propulsion Systems Advanced

Manufacturing Demo (AMD)

MSFC collaborates with Industry with focuses

ranging from analysis support to testing for new
propulsion & launch vehicle development

Integrated Ox-rich Test Article: AFRL HCB Preburners &

NASA MSFC ABEDRR Dynetics Chamber
installed at NASA SSC E Complex

Part

Cost
Savings

Time
Savings

J-2X Gas
Generator Duct

70%

50%

Pogo Z-Baffle

64%

75%

Turbopump
Inducer

50%

80%

Advanced Manufacturing Certification and

Qualification Plan

Marshall Past, Present, and Future

1960

1980

2000

2020

2030

Space Transportation
& Propulsion Systems

Traveling To &
Through Space

Industry Partnerships/Infusion
X-33, X-34, FASTRAC, RS-84, COTS, CCDEV

Early Launch

Upper Stages/TOS

Redstone, Jupiter

Project mgmt., Mars Observer, ACTS

SLI, NGLT, X-37, SWORDS, Peregrine, NIRPS

SLS

Project mgmt., TDRS, Galileo, Magellan, Chandra

Space Shuttle
Main Engine, Solid Rocket Booster & Motor, External Tank, Propulsion Integration

Saturn I/V

Transportation Systems

Exploration
Upper Stage

SLS

Europa

Ares I-X, Ares I/V, LAS motors

Launch, Spacecraft Propulsion

International Space Station Vehicle

Apollo 15, 16, 17

Pressurized modules, nodes, airlock, MPLM, ECLSS, WORF

Spacelab

Deep Space Habitats

Palette, module mgmt.

Skylab

Structures, Advanced ECLSS

SL-2, SL-3, SL-4

Spacelab
Mission planning,
payload operations

ISS Payload Operations

Payload Operations Center

Spacelab/Mir/ISS Payloads

Scientific Research
& Instruments

Understanding Our
World & Beyond

Physical sciences experiments, Integration, EXPRESS racks, MSG, MSRR, ISERV, ISFR/AMTD

Hubble

James Webb Space Telescope

Telescope design & development

Mirror, COCOA testing

HEAO
HEAO 1, 2, 3

Early Heliophysics
Explorer Series, Skylab ATM,
Skylab Vector Magnetograph

Block II

Block I

Constellation

NLS, ASTP, SLI, OSP

Lunar Rover

Space Systems

DoD and Responsive Launch

Upper Stages/IUS

Apollo, Skylab, Apollo-Soyuz

Living & Working

in Space

Mars
Lander

Chandra & Other High-Energy Observatories

Chandra X-ray Telescope Program, Compton & Fermi Gamma-Ray Instruments, Gravity Probe B

Heliophysics Instruments
GOES/SXI, Hinode/XRT, Solar Probe Plus/SWEAP

Earth Applied Science

Earth Instruments
MLE, OTD, TRMM/LIS, ER-2 & UAS Campaigns, HIRAD

SPoRT, SERVIR, PEOPLE-ACE

Planetary Program Management

Discovery & New Frontiers, LRO-LCROSS

Marshall Partnerships Office

Entry point/hub for partners not familiar with Marshall
Leverage Marshall/partner resources for win/win experiences
Connect partners with Marshall technical expertise/capabilities to form
long-term relationships
Advocate for the partner on special requirements/challenges
Provide education on and assistance with Space Act Agreements

11

Partnerships Process Steps with NASA

Negotiate the Agreement

Jointly
Develop

Capture
Review &
Approval

Signed
and
Funded

Identify the Opportunity: Potential Partners

Evaluate the Opportunity: Alignment

Does the opportunity align with NASA Goals?

Human Exploration & Operations
Mission Support
Space Technology
Science
Aeronautics Research

Evaluate the Opportunity: Mutually Beneficial

How might the Partner benefit?
What resources unique to Marshall will the partner have
access to through this partnership?
What opportunities are available because of this partnership
with Marshall?

How might Marshall benefit?

Does the partnership support a current mission or customer?

Does the partnership expand existing work or expand to a new
customer?
Does the partnership lay foundation for future growth?
Technology Gap
Capabilities Gap
Underutilized Skills or Facilities

Negotiate and Execute the Agreement

Jointly
Develop
the
Agreement

Capture,
Review,
and
Approval

PWG Review
Draft the
Scope
Official
Evaluation

Signed
and
Funded

Partnerships Process Steps with NASA

Negotiate the Agreement

Jointly
Develop

Capture
Review &
Approval

Signed
and
Funded

partnerships.msfc.nasa.gov

www.nasa.gov/marshall

19

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

5...4...3...2...1...

SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM

SLS Technology Insertion Approach

Fred Bickley, PhD

Space Launch System Program
www.nasa.gov/sls

THE JOURNEY TO MARS

EVOLVING THE VEHICLE

THE WORLDS MOST POWERFUL ROCKET

5, 8.4 or 10 Meter
Payload Fairings
Orion
Interim Cryogenic
Propulsion Stage

Upper Stage

Core Stage
Block I
70 metric tons

Block II
130 metric tons

Five-Segment
Solid Rocket Boosters

Liquid or Solid
Advanced Boosters

4 RS-25 Engines
8675_M.
Postman_Presentation_23

SLS Spacecraft/Payload Integration and Evolution (SPIE)

Manager
Deputy Manager
Assistant Manager
Assistant Manager
SLS Chief Technologist

Advanced Development
Fred Bickley

Formulation/Evolvability
Angie Jackman

Payload & Hardware Integration

Jim Lomas

Adapter/Payload Attachment
Production/Test/Operations
Brent Gaddes

Interfaces/Integrated Ops/
Mission Ops

Industry
Bryan Barley

Chris Crumbly
Steve Creech
Andy Schorr
Lori Mullins (On Detail)
Fred Bickley

Payload Integration

Melinda Nettles

LVSA

Advanced Booster

Craig Liverett

Secondary Payloads (FP)

Evolvability
Tom Krivanek/GRC
(Fairing)

ATK: Angie Jackman

Dynetics: Sam Stephens
NGC: Bryan Barley

Brent Gaddes

Brian Mulac

Angie Jackman
Academia & In-House

MSA

George Norris
Requirements/Verification/
CM/Risk/CoFR
Tim Griswold
ICPS
ISPE Structural Test Article
Keith Higginbotham

Chris Calfee
Steve Sexton

Engineering Interface
CE: Jeff Dilg
Deputy, Integration: J Brown
Deputy, Evolution: Keith Dill
Deputy, Evolution: George Young

Program
Planning & Control

S&MA

Procurement

Configuration
Management

Technology Transition

9
8

Product
Development

Valley of Death

TRL

6
5

Advanced
Development

4
3

Technology
Development

2
1
Ideas
Research

Advanced Development

Product Development

Operational Phase

Level of Development

25

SLS Approach to Block Upgrades

Improvements in Performance, Safety, Reliability, Cost, and Operations

Notional Schedules

Block 1B
Requirements

Block 2
Requirements

Advanced Development

Technology
Maturation*

Block 1B Design/Development

Advanced Development

* NASA, Office of Chief Technologist (TRL 1-6)

Block 1B Mission

Block 2 Design/Development

Block 2
Mission

Technology Needs

Formulation/Evolvability
- Mission Requirements
- Mission Capture
- Concept Definition/Benefits

Advanced Development
- Technology Tasks for Government,
Industry & Academia
- Identified Obsolescence
- Technology Demonstrations

Products
-

Payload Requirements
Mission Capture
Concept Definition/Benefits
Cost
Safety/Reliability

Products
- Mature Technologies for
Block Upgrades
- Data Package for
Technologies
- Support for Transition
Process

End User
- SLS Element
Offices
- Payload Integration

Current Advanced Development Tasks

In-house Tasks:

Academia Tasks:

Cryogenic Matl & Process DevelopmentMitigate Obsolescence

Hexavalent Chromium Free Primer for Cryo
MPS Low Profile Diffuser
Solide State Ultracapacitor to Replace Batteries Lattice
Boltzmann Modeling Zero-G Propellants
Hot fire Test LOX/H2 Additively Manuf Injector Affordable for EUS
Testing of Additively Manuf Turbomachinery
Additive Manufacturing Infrared Inspection
Computed Tomography Sensitivity & Verification of Engine Components
Additive Manuf. Propellant Ducts, Manifolds & Bellows
Adv. Manuf. Of Lightweight C-C Nozzle Ext. for Upper Stage
Performance Improvement of Friction Stir Welds by Better Surface Finish
Composite Dry Structure Cost Improvement Approach
Q2 Inconel 625 Marl Properties Development
Q4 titanium 64 Matl Properties Development
Pyroshock Characterization of Composite Materials (NESC funded)
Booster Interference Loads (NESC funded
Advanced Booster comp. Case/PBI NBR Insulation Dev (NESC funded)
Advanced Booster Combustion Stability (NESC funded)

Awarded Industry Tasks:

Louisiana State University: Improved Friction Stir Welds Using OnLine Sensing of Weld Quality
Massachusetts Institute of Technology: Modeling Approach for
Rotating Cavitation Instabilities in Rocket Engine Turbopumps
Mississippi State University: Algorithmic Enhancement for High
Resolution Hybrid RANS-LES and Large-Scale Multicore Architectures
University of Florida: Development of Subcritical Atomization Models
for Liquid Rocket Injectors and Two-Phase Flow Heat Transfer
University of Maryland: Validation of Supersonic Film Cooling
Numerical Simulations Using Detailed Measurement and Novel
Diagnostics
University of Michigan: Advanced LES and Laser Diagnostics to
Model Transient Combustion-Dynamic Processes in Rocket Engines:
P
rediction of Flame Stabilization and Combustion Instabilities
Flame Stabilization and Combustion Instabilities University of Utah:
Acoustic Emission Based Health Monitoring of Structures
Pennsylvania State University: Characterization of Aluminum/
Alumina/Carbon Interactions under Simulated Rocket Motor
Conditions

Advanced Booster Engineering

Demonstration and Risk Reduction Tasks
(ABEDRR):

Aerojet: AUSEP Engine Study

Exquadrum, Inc: AUSEP/DESLA Concept Development
Moog: AUSE High Press LOX Flow Control Valve
Manufacturing Study
Northrup Grumman: System Requirements and Affordability
Assessment for an AUSE
Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne: Requirements, Logistics, and
System Assessment of an AUSE
ULA: Integrated Vehicle Fluids (IVF) Testing

Auburn University: High Electrical Density Device Survey for

Aerospace Applications

Dynetics & Aerojet: Modernization of the F-1B Engines, Combustion

Stability, and Cryotank Manufacturing
ATK: Demonstration of a FWC for High-Energy Propellant
SRB
Northrop Grumman: Demonstration of a Common Bulkhead
LOX/RP Composite Cryogenic Tank

Details of individual tasks can be found at www.ntrs.nasa.gov (search for NASA/TM-2015-218201)

in the SLS SPIE Advanced Development FY14 Annual Report.

SLS Advanced Development Group Technology Focus Areas

SLS Industry Task Focus Areas

Exploration Upper Stage (EUS)

-

Light weight structures and materials, including composites

Advanced LOX/LH2 engine
Cryogenic storage for long duration missions
Advanced/Additive Manufacturing (Selective Laser Melting)

Universal Stage Adapter

-

Light weight structures and materials, including composites

Design

SLS In-House and Academic Task Focus Areas

Propulsion
Stages, including upper stages
Advanced boosters
Shrouds
Operations
Payload accommodations
Analytical modeling
Advanced manufacturing
Materials development

Outer Loop Evolvability Update

Angie Jackman/XP50

Pa
ge
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Game-changing Power For Exploration

Mars
Sample
Return

Europa Exploration

Human
Missions
to Mars
Ultra-Large Space Telescopes
Interstellar Probe
Asteroid
Redirect Mission

Space Stations

NASAs Space Launch System

Enceladus Geyser Sample Return

SLS Evolution Overview

365.0 ft

364.0 ft
322.4 ft.

Launch
Abort
System
Launch
Abort
System

327.0 ft.

Orion
Cargo Fairings

Orion
Interim Cryogenic
Propulsion Stage

Exploration Upper
Stage

Exploration Upper
Stage

Interstage

Interstage

Core Stage

Core Stage

Launch Vehicle
Stage Adapter
Core Stage

Solid Rocket
Boosters

Solid Rocket
Boosters

Advance
Boosters

RS-25 Engines

Block 1

Block 1B Crew

Block 1B Cargo

Block 2 Cargo

SLS Vehicle Performance

Lunar

Mars

Saturn
viaJGA

Jupiter/Europa

Saturn/Uranus
Direct

70.00
SLS Block 1 Orion
SLS Block 1 w/ICPS

60.00

SLS Block 1B w/EUS

Net Payload System Mass (mt)

SLS Block 2B w/EUS + Advanced Boosters (minmax)

50.00

Exis ng Launch Vehicles

Europa Class Mission

40.00

5m x 19m
(300 m3)

8.4m x 19m
(620 m3)

10m x 31m
(1800 m3)

30.00
Orion

20.00

10.00

TBD

Europa

0.00
10

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90 100 110 120 130 140 150

Characteris c Energy, C3 (km2/s2)

Mission concepts
with 5m fairing

Mission concepts
with Universal Stage Adaptor
(includes additional payload capability)

Mission concepts
with 8m and 10m fairings

Core Stage / Boosters

Exploration
Upper Stage

Mission Elements

SLS Payload Configurations

30 tall x 27.6 dia

Europa Clipper

Orion with EAM

Orion with ARV

total mission volume

= ~ 300m3

total mission volume

= ~ 400m3

5m fairing w/Robotic
Lunar Lander & EAM

total mission volume

= ~ 400m3

total mission volume

= ~ 600m3

8m fairing with
ATLAST

10m fairing w/notional

Mars payload

total mission volume

= ~ 1200m3

total mission volume

= ~ 1800m3

Upcoming Industry Forecast

Bryan Barley/XP50

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ADG Task Award Process

Industry

Awards: Multiple

Period of Performance: 1 year base (up to 18 months base period allowed), one
1 year option

Type Solicitation:
-

NASA Research Announcement (NRA)

Designed for contracts or cooperative agreements

Type of Contract: Firm Fixed Price (FFP)

Anticipated Solicitation Announcement: FY15

Anticipated ATP: FY16

SLS Advanced Development Group Technology Focus Areas

SLS Industry Task Focus Areas

Exploration Upper Stage (EUS)

-

Light weight structures and materials, including composites

Advanced LOX/LH2 engine
Cryogenic storage for long duration missions
Advanced/Additive Manufacturing (Selective Laser Melting)

Universal Stage Adapter

-

Light weight structures and materials, including composites

Design

Focus on these calls is based on the needs for Block 1B and the reasonable
projection of readiness to implement at that time

ADG Examples (Industry)

Augment Expander Cycle

Engine Concept
(Aerojet)

IVF (ULA)

SLM Inconel 718 LOX Valve (Moog)

Turbopump Assy Concept (Northrup Grumman)

ADG Examples (Industry)

Composite Tank (Northrup Grumman)

CTS Test Ar cle

Load Induc on
System

Diesel Fuel
Tank

44 7

18

8662_PhD_May.40

Previous Significant Accomplishments - Industry

AUSEP
The Air Forces Advanced/Affordable Upper Stage Engine program (AUSEP) is an initiative to develop an affordable upper
stage engine concept that will be a replacement for the RL10 engine. The AUSEP engine has the requirement for 30,000 lb of
thrust with the performance of the RL10B-2 that can be packaged in the envelope of an RL10A-4 to support USAF evolved
expend- able launch vehicle (EELV) missions using existing Atlas and Delta launch vehicles.

Aerojet achievements:
-

Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne (PWR) achievements:

-

Developed the major subsystems requirements associated verification requirements & documents.
Developed power balance for 30K-lb operation and for an additional throttleable 5K lbf thrust.
Developed DDT&E cost and schedule estimate.
Developed a flight engine production and delivery schedule.
Delivered a final flight engine architectural layout with a nozzle profile that aligned with AUSEP requirements.

Developed power balance models for several candidate upper stage engine architectures.
Developed a high-fidelity utility function balancing the main trade factors based upon customer inputs.
Developed recurring & nonrecurring cost estimates for three candidate RL-10 replacement engine cycle
configurations.
Completed validation plan and established program schedules for potential development.
Provided a technical report focused on three engine configuration concepts to replace the RL-10.

Exquadrum achievements:
-

4/22/2015

Performed functional decomposition of AUSEP system requirements and trade space definition document.
Conducted turbomachinery trades and analyses.
Developed an integrated an aerospike engine configuration into a Centaur upper stage (geometric fit).
Developed recurring & nonrecurring cost estimates for the candidate RL-10 replacement engine.
Provided a technical report focused on the aerospike engine configuration concept to replace the RL-10.

Previous Significant Accomplishments - Industry

AUSEP (contd)

Moog accomplishments:
-

Northrup Grumman Aerospace System (NGAS) achievements:

-

Completed the design, development, fabrication, and test of a high-pressure cryogenic LOX control valve.
Conducted an assessment of the Inconel 718 DMLS AM valve, including measuring seal friction and leakage,
measuring flow rates, and oxygen compatibility.
Provided a Technical Report regarding the development and test findings.

Performed functional decomposition of AUSEP system requirements and trade space definition document
Completed turbomachinery trades and analyses.
Deliveredf recurring and nonrecurring cost and schedule estimates for the design, development, test, and
evaluation.
Finalize and deliver the recurring and nonrecurring cost and schedule estimates for the design, development, test,
and evaluation of the advanced upper stage engine.
Produced a final Technical Report focused on NGAS closed expander Engine Conceptual Design.

United Launch Alliance achievements:

-

4/22/2015

Developed and fabricated an internal combustion engine (ICE), cryogenic compressor, and a five heat exchanger
complement.
Incorporated flight-worthy Krytox lubricants and coolants into the IVF ICE configuration.
Upgraded the IVF test facility to enable high-flow testing with cryogenic hydrogen and oxygen.
Developed and fabricated a first generation IVF controller.
Currently testing the Generation 1.5 integrated IVF system at Innovative Engineering Services (IES); tests include
operation with liquid and gaseous hydrogen and oxygen.
Current Gen 1.5 IVF system is used to demonstrate the IVFs system-level function.

Previous Significant Accomplishments - Industry

ABEDRR Task

Northrup Grumman Aerospace System (NGAS) Advanced Booster achievements include the following:
- Successfully built out-of-autoclave test panels, fuel and oxidizer unitized tank halves.
- Designed and fabricated test fixture.
- Fabricated and outfitted the test stand with fixtures, including the substitute fuel (diesel) supply
tank.
- Assessed and identified hazards associated with CTS testing.
- Completed the mating of the out-of-autoclave unitized composite tank halves and installation of
tank fixtures.
- Preparing for testing in April 2015 (Madison, AL).

4/22/2015

Upcoming Academic and In-House Forecast

Mindy Nettles/XP50

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ADG Task Award Process

Academia

Period of Performance: 1 year base, one 1 year option

Contract Vehicle: Grant

Anticipated Solicitation Announcement: CY15

Anticipated ATP: CY16

Teaming is possible on these activities. Over the last few years ATK and the University
of Utah collaborated on an activity and MIT- Aerospace Corporation on another.
In-House

Period of Performance: 1 year base, 1 year option

Contract Vehicle: N/A

Anticipated Call for Proposals: FY15

Anticipated ATP: FY16

Teaming on these would involve an SAA with the performing organization.

Another potential way to augment both the in-house and academic tasks is through the
Cooperative Agreements.

SLS Advanced Development Group Technology Focus Areas

SLS In-House and Academic Task Focus Areas

Propulsion
Operations
Analytical modeling
Light weight structures
Advanced/Additive Manufacturing
Materials Obsolescence
Energy Storage

Focus on these calls is based on the needs for Block 1B and the reasonable
projection of readiness to implement at that time

ADG Examples (In-House)

Low-Profile Diffuser

Hexavalent Chromate-Free Primer

LOX/H2 SLM Injector Testing

Additive Manufacturing 3-D Printer

Ultra-Capacitor

SLM Ti6-4 Turbopump Impeller

Previous Significant Accomplishments (In-House)

Solid State Ultracapacitor to Replace Batteries

A number of patents (6) and spin-off technologies have resulted from these efforts. Dr. Terry Rolin was
honored with the Lean Forward; Fail Smart Agency level award for innovation in 2015.

Performance Improvement of Friction Stir Welds by Better Surface Finish

Modification of existing tools to accelerate smoothing of weld and increasing fidelity of inspection.
Reducing the number of false-positives
Additive manufacturing
Developing fracture criteria for parts
Cooperatively with industry and other government agencies, developing protocol for testing and building
a preliminary material property database
Contractor interest/incorporation of the following tasks
Gore stretching
Manual TPS spray
Low Profile Diffuser

4/22/2015

ADG Examples (Academic)

LPT for Primary Drops
Stochastic Model for Atomization

LPT + Evaporation for Secondary Drops

Flamelet Solver for Turbulent Combustion

Unsteady Burning in
Coaxial Element
(U of Michigan)

Injector Subcritical
Atomization Simulation
(U of FL)

Time Averaged

Time Sliced

Time Averaged

J-2X Film-Cooled Nozzle Extension (U of MD)

High Order Unstructured CFD
(MS State U)

Previous Significant Accomplishments (Academia)

5 projects building on the Loci family of codes for liquid propulsion

Super and sub sonic film cooling, reduce conservatism in design of nozzle extensions by increasing
fidelity of nozzle flow environments

Modeling heat transfer of chilldown lines both in-space on for ground systems

Improving physics based modeling data for combustion instability

Next Generation Simulation Infrastructure for Large Scale Multicore Architectures

Inducer designed and fabricated at MIT, tested in the Aerospace Corporations water flow test facility.
Results from the test will provide a baseline for validation of the body force methodology
Specialized testing capability at Auburn University provides additional characterization of
ultracapacitor components

4/22/2015

ADG Examples (Academic)

12 contracted activities with academic institutions
11 grants
1 contract
1 cooperative agreement

Over 60 students involved

15 BS
20 MS, 11 with degrees conferred relating directly to SLS funded project
26 PhD, 16 with degrees conferred relating directly to SLS funded project

10 Post-Doctoral consultants

The value of the academic activities goes beyond the deliverables from the
projects. The number of students and professors participating in and
benefitting from these grants provides an opportunity to influence not only
the curriculum at major universities, but to infuse individuals into the
workplace who are familiar with the needs and challenges of the SLS
program.

Closing Comments & General Q&A

Dr. Fred Bickley/XP50

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