LatheMachine

INTRODUCTION
-Accurate and versatile machine
-Operations
>Turning, tapering, form turning, threading, facing, drilling, boring, knurling, screw
thread and cutting taper turning.
-The main function of a lathe is to remove metal from a job to give it the required
shape and size.
-The job is securely and rigidly held in the chuck or in between centers on the
lathe machine and then turn it against a single point cutting tool
which will remove metal from the job in the form of chips.

Lathe Size

Parts of the Lathe

Lathe Bed
-The bed is a heavy ,rugged casting made to support the working parts of the
lathe

Headstock
-The headstock is clamped on the left hand side of the bed.
-The headstock spindle, a hollow cylindrical bar supported by bearings,
provides a drive through gears or pulleys from the motor to work holding
devices.

Quick-Change Gearbox
-Contains number of different-size gears
-Provides feed rod and lead-screw with various speeds for turning and threadcutting operations
>Feed rod advances carriage when automatic feed lever engaged
>Lead screw advances the carriage for thread-cutting operations when split-nut
lever engaged

Top View

Carriage

Cross-slide
-Mounted on top of saddle
-Provides manual or automatic cross movement for cutting tool
-Compound rest (fitted on top of cross-slide)
>Used to support cutting tool
>Swiveled to any angle for taper-turning
>Has graduated collar that ensure accurate cutting-tool settings (.001 in.) (also
cross-slide)

Apron
-Fastened to saddle
-Houses gears and mechanism required to move carriage or cross-slide automatically
-Locking-off lever inside apron prevents engaging split-nut lever and automatic feed lever at
same time
-Apron hand wheel turned manually to move carriage along lathe bed

Automatic Feed Lever

-Engages clutch that provides automatic feed to carriage
-Feed-change lever can be set for longitudinal feed or for crossfeed
>In neutral position, permits split-nut lever to be engaged for thread cutting
>Carriage moved automatically when split-nut lever engaged

Tailstock
-Upper and lower tailstock castings
-Adjusted for taper or parallel turning by two screws set in base
-Tailstock clamp locks tailstock in any position along bed of lathe
-Tailstock spindle has internal taper to receive dead center
>Provides support for right-hand end of work

Setting Speeds on a Lathe

-Speeds measured in revolutions per minute
>Changed by stepped pulleys or gear levers
-Belt-driven lathe
>Various speeds obtained by changing flat belt and back gear drive

-Geared-head lathe
>Speeds changed by moving speed levers into proper positions according
to r/min chart fastened to headstock

Types of lathe chuck

LATHE MACHINE PROCESS

Facing process

Parallel process

Drilling process

Knurling process

Knurling
-Process if impressing a diamond-shaped or straight-line patter into the
surface of the workpiece
>Improve its appearance
>Provide better gripping surface
>Increase workpiece diameter when press fit required
-Diamond- and straight-pattern
rolls available in three styles
>Fine
>Medium
>Course

Knurling Tool
-Toolpost-type toolholder on which pair of hardened-steel rolls mounted

>Knurling tool with

one set of rolls in
self-centering head

>Knurling tool with

Grooving
three sets of rolls
in of
revolving
-Done at end
thread tohead
permit full travel of nut up to a shoulder or at edge of
shoulder for proper fit
-Also called recessing, undercutting, or necking
-Rounded grooves used where there is strain on part

Thread Terminology
-Screw thread
>Helical ridge of uniform section formed on inside or outside of cylinder or cone
-External thread
>Cut on external surface or cone
-Internal thread
>Produced on inside of cylinder or cone

Right-hand thread
>Helical ridge of uniform cross section onto which nut
is threaded in clockwise direction
>When cut on lathe, toolbit advanced from right to left

Left-hand thread
>Helical ridge of uniform cross section onto which nut
is threaded in counterclockwise direction
>When cut on lathe, toolbitadvanced from left to right

TOOL BIT ANGLES

Safety Precautions
-Always wear approved safety glasses
-Rollup sleeves, remove tie and tuck in loose clothing
-Never wear ring or watch
-Do not operate lathe until understand controls
-Never operate machine if safety guards removed
-Stop lathe before measure work or clean, oil or adjust machine
-Do not use rag to clean work or machine when in operation
>Rag can get caught and drag in hand

-Never attempt to stop a lathe chuck or driveplate by hand

-Be sure chuck or faceplate mounted securely before starting
>If loose, becomes dangerous missile
-Always remove chuck wrench after use
>Fly out and injure someone
>Become jammed, damaging wrench or lathe
-Always remove chips with brush
>Chips can cause cuts if use hands
>Chips become embedded if use cloths
-Always remove sharp toolbit from toolholder when polishing, filing,
cleaning, or making adjustments