References :

Introduction to Marine Engineering

Marine Auxiliary Machinery

Maritime Engineering Reference

Handbook

Marine engineering

Heat Exchanger
Sistem Permesinan
Dedi Budi Purwanto ST.,MT.
1

Introduction
Typical applications

Heat exchanger

Heating
(Evaporation)

Cooling
(Condensatio
n)

Transfer thermal energy

Between
two or
more
fluids

Between a
solid
surface
and a fluid

Between
solid
particulate
s and a
fluids

At different temperature and thermal

contact
2

Components fluids stream

Single

Multiple

Introduction
Design consideration:

Corrosion

Fouling
Fluid temperature
Operating pressures
Pressure drop
Viscosity
flow rate

Material of Construction
Cooper
Best heat transfer performance
of all metal
High thermal conductivity
Relatively poor corrosion
resistance

Brass (an alloy cooper & zinc)

Is stronger than cooper while
still retaining high thermal
conductivity
Suffer from corrosion
Aluminum
Is a lightweight metal and has
high heat transfer efficiency at
a comparatively low cost
corrosion resistance
Stainless steel
Excellent corrosion resistance
Lower heat transfer efficiency
expensive

Types of Heat Exchangers

According to the heat transfer
process

In indirect contact heat transfer

In direct contact heat transfer

According to the number of

fluids

According to construction

the heat exchanger may

incorporate shell & tube, plated,
spiral, or air-cooled construction.

the heat exchanger may be

either single pass or multi-pass.
It may incorporate cross-flow,
counter-flow, or co-current flow

According to heat transfer

mechanism

According to flow arrangements

the heat exchanger uses singlephase convection, two-phase

convection, and/or radioactive
heat transfer on each side of the
exchange

According to process function

the heat exchanger may

incorporate two, three, or more
than three heat transfer fluids in
the system.

Condenser, chiller, heater,

coolers

According to Transfer processes

Wet surface direct evaporative

coolers typically use pump
circulating water system to keep
the media wet

In a typically indirect evaporation

air cooler, the essential element
is a heat exchanger in which dry
air contact heat exchange
surface whose other sides are
cooled evaporative

According to Construction

Tubular heat exchanger

The configuration give a large surface area in a small volume

Flexibility design : Easily by changing the tube diameter, length
and arrangement
Design for high pressure
Easily cleaned

Tube pattern
Recommended tube pitch (distance
between tube centre) is 1.25 times the
tube outside diameter

Tube arrangement

Tube Design
1. Finned tube
2. Surface tube
3. Straight tube
4. U tube

10

Shell type (pass arrangement)

One pass shell (E shell)
a.
Split flow (G shell)
b.
c.
Divided shell (J shell)

d.

e.

Two pass shell with

longitudinal baffle (F shell)
Double split flow (H shell)

Baffle

The choice baffle type, spacing,

and cut is determinate largely by
flow rate, desired heat transfer
rate, allowable pressure drop,
tube support

Flow induced vibration Spacing

used ranged from 0.2 to 1.0 shell
diameter

Optimum spacing will usually be

between 0.3 to 0.5 time the shell
diameter

11

Plate heat exchanger

12

Cannot accommodate very high pressure, temperature.

Lower fouling due to high turbulence in the exchanger
Higher heat transfer efficiency
Material selection is critical due to the thin wall thicknesses
They can easily be taken apart into their individual component for cleaning,
inspection, and maintenance

There are three main types of plated

heat exchangers
plate and frame heat exchangers,
consist of a number of corrugated
metal plates in mutual contact
spiral plate heat exchangers, and
are a type of welded plate heat
exchanger with two parallel curved
(spiral shaped) metal plates.
These plates create extremely high
turbulent flow in a counter-current
pattern. can be used with highviscosity fluids.
plate coil heat exchangers.
hybrid of tube heat exchangers and
plate heat exchangers.

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14

Extended surface heat exchanger

15

Large heat transfer surface area

Type
Tube fin
Plate fin

Regenerative

16

Is a storage type heat exchanger

According to Flow Arrangement

Particular flow arrangement is dependent:

Required exchanger affectivities
Available pressure drop
Minimum & maximum velocity
Allowable thermal stresses,
Temperature levels
Piping considerations

17

Single pass exchanger

Counter flow

Parallel flow

18

Single pass exchanger

19

Cross flow

Multi pass exchanger

20

Multiphase cross flow

Multiphase shell & tubes
Multiphase plate

According to Process Function

21

Chiller

22

Chilled water temperatures can

range from 35 to 45 degrees
Fahrenheit (1.5 to 7 degrees
Celsius)

Typical water-cooled chiller system

23

Indirect water-side economizer

Condenser

condensing the exhaust steam

from a steam and transferring the
waste heat away from the power
station.
The function of the condenser is
to condense exhaust steam from
the steam turbine by rejecting the
heat of vaporization to the cooling
water passing through the
condenser

24

25

Types of condensers
air-cooled
a)
water-cooled
b)
c)
evaporative

Coolers

Air cooled heat exchangers may be either forced draft or induced

draft.
Forced draft heat exchangers "force" or push air through the unit
by installing fans at the inlet below the tube bundle
Induced draft heat exchangers pull air through the unit by
installing fans at the outlet above the tube bundle

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Cathodic Protection

27

Reducing the corrosion rate of a metal.

The principle is based on Supplying electrons to
the base material
Material cathodic
Zinc
Aluminium
Magnesium

Aplikasi di Kapal

Lubricating Oil Cooler

28

FO & LO heater

29

Hot Water Heater

30

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